Understanding Culture,

Society and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module :2
The Concept, Aspects and
Changes in/of Culture, Society
and Politics
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Discuss the Nature, Goals, and Perspective in/of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science
First Edition, 2020

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Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Concept, Aspects and
Changes in/of Culture, Society
and Politics
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture,
Society and Politics: Starting Points for Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
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the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
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ii
 For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture,
Society and Politics: Starting Points for Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

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an idea of the
I Need skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the
to Know
module.
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all theI answers
Know correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
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In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a
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This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and
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What is It
This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and
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You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at
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the end of the module.
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This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning
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This contains answers to all activities in the module.

Answer Key
At the end of this module you will also find:

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 What I Know
I. What’s in Your Pizza?

DIRECTIONS: Choose the appropriate TOPPINGS (WORDS) from the

box below that best describes the characteristics of ‘society’, ‘culture’ and
‘politics’ to complete each flavor. Write down your answers inside the triangular
shape.

Pepperoni POLITICS Bacon & SOCIETY

Hawaiian CULTURE

Toppings (characteristic) Toppings (characteristic)

acquiredcumulative
dynamic diverse
abstract legal force
process stratification
interdependence interaction

II. Link Me

DIRECTIONS: Connect the dots by drawing a line that matches column A

with the correct answer on column B.

A B

1. Language justice

2. Actions myths

3. Identity self- esteem

4. History rituals

5. Experience dialect

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 Lesson Discuss the Nature, Goals and

2 Perspective in/of Anthropology,

Sociology and Political Science

Culture, society and politics are major terms of Social Sciences. These
terminologies are used to explain the other disciplines such as political
science, history, psychology, and economics to mention a few. In this
module, the topics are broadly conceptualized as a skeleton of
sociological, anthropological, political perspective.

As exploring the lessons, culture, society and politics are emphasized

as “intertextual concepts”, indicating the interrelationship between
fundamental ideas of their origins, researched and explained by
sociologist and anthropologist. Whereas, political views are being
presented in terms of standardized culture in which transformed as time
changes. Illustrated by political changes, happen when national leader
has been replaced by opposition or invaded by other nation. Therefore,
acquisition of knowledge needs a thorough understanding and this
explains that culture and society is complex.

What’s New

Overview:

This short exercise further represents the inconspicuous force of

culture on person experience. By and large, the goal is for understudies to
comprehend and have the option to give concrete instances of how
culture shapes how we experience "reality"- - what we see, hear, see, the
marks we use, and our passionate reactions. These can each be applied to
seeing how we experience intercultural in the Philippines.

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Activity 1: Title and Brief Description: The Impact of Culture on our
Perception of the Philippine Map (Map Exercise)

Directions: In the given Map, label each major island/province with your
own cultural understanding/experience about its identity.

Island:
Province:
Culture/s Belief/s Tradition/s Custom/s

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 What is It
CONCEPT of CULTURE

Cultural anthropologists study all aspects of culture, but what exactly

is “culture”? When ask students about introductory to cultural
anthropology, what culture means to them, students typically say that
culture is food, clothing, religion, language, traditions, art, music, and so
forth. Indeed, culture includes many of these observable characteristics,
but culture is also something deeper. Culture is a powerful defining
characteristic of human groups that shapes our perceptions, behaviors,
and relationships.

The English word 'Culture' is gotten from the Latin expression 'clique
or cultus' significance plowing, or developing or refining and love. In
total it implies developing and refining.

Culture is a lifestyle. The food you eat, the garments you wear, the
language you talk in what's more, the God you love all are parts of
culture. In extremely straightforward terms, we can say that culture is
the epitome of the manner by which we think and get things done. It is
likewise the things that we have acquired as citizenry. Every one of the
accomplishments of individuals as individuals from gatherings of people
can be called culture. Workmanship, music, writing, engineering, design,
reasoning, religion and science can be viewed as parts of culture.
Notwithstanding, culture likewise incorporates the traditions, customs,
celebrations, methods of living and one's attitude toward different issues
of life.

Culture thus refers to a human-made environment which includes

all the material and nonmaterial products of group life that are
transmitted from one generation to the next. There is a general agreement
among social scientists that culture consists of explicit and implicit
patterns of behavior acquired by human beings. These may be
transmitted through symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements
of human groups, including their embodiment as artefacts. The essential

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core of culture thus lies in those

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finer ideas which are transmitted within a group-both historically derived
as well as selected with their attached value. More recently, culture
denotes historically transmitted patterns of meanings embodied in
symbols, by means of which people communicate, perpetuate and develop
their knowledge about and express their attitudes toward life.

Moreover, Culture is the declaration of our temperament in our

methods of living and thinking. It could be seen in our writing, in strict
practices, in amusement and happiness. Culture has two unmistakable

segments, specifically, material and non-material. Material culture

comprises of articles that are identified with the material part of our life

like our dress, food, and family products. Non-material culture alludes
to thoughts, standards, musings and conviction.

Additionally, culture changes from one spot to another and country to

country. Its advancement depends on the authentic cycle working in a
nearby, provincial or public setting. For instance, we vary in our methods
of hello others, our apparel, food propensities, social and strict traditions
and practices from the West. All in all, individuals of any nation are
portrayed by their particular social customs.

TYPES OF CULTURE

MATERIAL CULTURE NON-MATERIAL CULTURE

EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
schools, materials, churches, temples, factories,
symbols,homes
language, values and norms

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 ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Culture is diverse because of its aspects that develop man’s social
interaction. These aspects are essential to its concept of complexity.

Language

e.g. mother tongue, lingo,dialect

Actions Space
gime, justice , organization, work, religion, techniques,science, art e.g. spatial experience, functional spaces, livin
space
Validity
e.g. values, opinions, laws, metaphors,meanings,

Identity
e.g. self- consciousness,self- Experience
History e.g. rituals, customs, practices
esteem
e.g. time experience milestone, myths

ANTHROPOLOGIST PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES

Anthropologists have diverse views about culture, they contributed

thorough understanding and analysis that these positions may be designated as
realistic since culture is regarded as an attribute of actual or real individuals and
societies which exist independent of the observe

These anthropologists share their philosophical insights/point of views

about culture.

Edward Burnett Tylor Radcliffe Brown

Robert Ranulp Marrett cultureand
"that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, as cultivation the processand
any other capabilities of transm
habits
tend to define culture in terms of “communicable intelligence,” “conventional unde

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 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

Presently let us talk about some broad qualities, which are normal to
various societies all through the world.

1. CULTURE is learned and acquired: Culture is gained as in there

are sure practices which are obtained through heredity. People acquire
certain characteristics from their folks yet socio-social examples are not
acquired. These are gained from relatives, from the gathering and the
general public wherein they live. It is in this manner clear that the way of
life of individuals is impacted by the physical and social climate through
which they work.x

2. CULTURE is shared by a group of people: An idea or activity might

be called culture in case it is shared and accepted or rehearsed by a
gathering of individuals.

3. CULTURE
is cumulative: Different information exemplified in
culture can be passed starting with one age then onto the next age.
Increasingly more information is added in the specific culture as the time
elapses by. Each might work out answer for issues in life that passes
starting with one age then onto the next. This cycle stays as the specific
culture goes with time.

4. CULTURE changes: There is information, musings or customs that

are lost as new social qualities are added. There are potential outcomes
of social changes inside the specific culture over the long haul.

5. CULTURE is dynamic: No culture stays on the perpetual state.

Culture is changing continually as novel thoughts and new procedures
are added over the long haul altering or changing the old ways. This is the
attributes of culture that stems from the way of life's total quality.
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6.CULTUREgives us a scope of passable standards of conduct: It
includes how a movement ought to be directed, how an individual should
act properly.

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7. CULTURE is diverse: It is a framework that has a few commonly
reliant parts. Albeit these parts are isolated, they are related with each
other framing culture as entirety.

8. CULTURE is ideational: Often it sets out an optimal example of

conduct that are expected to be trailed by people in order to acquire social
acknowledgment from individuals with a similar culture.

CONCEPT of SOCIETY

The general public in which we live decides everything from the food
we eat to the decisions we make. The word society comes from the latin
root socius, signifying "buddy" or "being with others." A general public
comprises of individuals who share a region, who communicate with one
another, and who share a culture. A few social orders are, indeed,
gatherings of individuals joined by fellowship or normal interests. Our
particular social orders show us how to act, what to accept, and how we'll
be rebuffed in the event that we don't keep the laws or customs set up.

Furthermore, a Society is a gathering of individuals whose

individuals associate, dwell in a quantifiable region, and offer a culture.
What's more, a society is a social framework that shares a topographical
domain, a typical culture, and a lifestyle (Johnson 1996).". As per
Auguste Comte (1798-1857), it came from the Latin word 'socius' which
means buddy, partner, accomplice or mate (or social being with others)
and the Greek word 'logos' or 'logus' which intends to contemplate
(Kendall, 1998). Likewise, the humanist Dorothy Smith (1926)
characterizes society as the "continuous concerting and organizing of
people's exercises" (Smith 1999).

How Sociologist view Society?

Sociologists utilize this term from a particular perspective and in an
exact manner. In sociologies since nineteenth century there is a long
discussion about the utilization of the idea 'society'. It was interpreted as
meaning as tissues of habits and customs that hold a gathering of
individuals together. In some sense, 'society addressed something more

11
 suffering and more profound than the 'state', less manipu•lative and
absolutely subtler

Sociologists have characterized society with two points:

1. In conceptual terms, as an organization of connections between individuals or

between gatherings.

2. In substantial terms, as an assortment of individuals or an association of

people.

A previous social researcher, L.T. Hobhouse (1908) characterized society

as "tissues of connections". R.M. Maclver (1937) likewise characterized it
in pretty much similar terms as "web of social relations which is
continually evolving".

Refining this definition, MacIver, alongside his co-essayist Charles Page,

later on characterized it in his new book Society: An Introductory Analysis
(1949) subsequently: "It (society) is an arrangement of uses and
techniques, of power and shared guide, of numerous groupings and
divisions, of controls of human conduct and of freedoms. This steadily
changing, complex framework we call society."

For Maclver and Page, society is a theoretical element as they state, "We
might see individuals yet can't see society or social construction however
just its outer angles … society is unmistakable from actual reality".

SOCIOLOGIST PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES

Auguste Comte (1798- 1857)

“I am the Founder of Sociology; I coined the word sociology from the Latin word ‘Socius’ and the Greek word ‘logos’ to describ

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 Karl Marx (1818-1883)
sociology.Three of my contributions to social theories are: (1) the organic totality of society, (2) the relative importance of the economic sec

George Simmel (1858- 1916)

“For me, society was the patterned interactions among members of a group, the sum of responses to ordinary life events.”

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY

 SOCIETY is ABSTRACT:
In case society is seen as web of social relationships, it is particular from
actual element which we can see and see through faculties. As composed
before, Maclver contended, "we might see individuals yet can't see society
or social design, yet just its solitary outside perspectives". Social
connections are imperceptible and theoretical. We can simply acknowledge
them yet can't see or contact them. Accordingly, society is conceptual.
Reuter stated: "Similarly as life isn't a thing yet an interaction of living, so
society isn't a thing yet a cycle of partner".

 LIKENESS AND DIFFERENCE IN SOCIETY:

Society involves both likeness and difference. If people are all exactly alike, merely
alike, their relationships would be limited. There would be little give-and- take
and little reciprocity. If all men thought alike, felt alike, and acted alike, if they
had the same standards and same interests, if they all accepted the same
customs and echoed the same opinions without questioning and without
variation, civilization could never have advanced and culture would have
remained rudimentary. Thus, society needs difference also for its existence and

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continuance. We can illustrate this point through the most familiar
example of family. The family rests upon the biological differences
between the sexes. There are natural differences of aptitude, of capacity,
of interest. For they all involve relationships in which differences
complement one another, in which exchange take place.

 COOPERATION & CONFLICT IN SOCIETY:

Collaboration and struggle are general components in human existence.
Society depends on cooperation but since of interior contrasts, there is
struggle likewise among its individuals. This is the reason, Maclver and
Page saw that "society is cooperation crossed by conflict". We know from
our own experience that an individual would be impaired, displayed
down, and feels baffled in case he is required to do everything alone,
without the guide of others. "Participation is most rudimentary
interaction of public

 SOCIETY IS A PROCESS NOT A PRODUCT:

"Society exists just as a period arrangement. It is becoming, not a being;
an interaction and not an item" (Maclver and Page, 1956). At the end of
the day, when the interaction stops, the item vanishes. The result of a
machine suffers after the machine has been rejected. Somewhat the
equivalent is valid not just of material relics of man's past culture
however even of his unimportant social accomplishments.

 SOCIETY IS A SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION:

Society gives an arrangement of definition of situations with classes that
every individual has a moderately steady and unmistakable situation in
the social construction.

CONCEPT of POLITICS
The term 'politics‟, is gotten from the Greek word 'Polis‟, which implies
the city state According to Greek Rationalists, Politics was a subject which
managed all the exercises and undertakings of the city state. Their City
States were known as 'Polis‟. City state was a comprehensive term, as the
old Greeks saw no difference amongst the state and the Government on
one hand, and State and Society on the other. They never separated
14
between close to home life and public activity. Consequently, concurring

15
to them Politics was an all-out investigation of man, culture, state, ethical
quality etc.

To study politics is generally to contemplate government or all the more

extensively, to consider the exercise of power. Politics is the art of
government, the activity of control inside the society through the settling
on and authorization of aggregate choices. (Heywood 1997) The domain of
legislative issues is limited to state entertainers who are deliberately
roused by philosophical convictions, and who try to propel them through
participation of a formal association like a political association. This is the
sense wherein politicians are depicted as "political" while government
employees are viewed as "non-political", the state as "public" and the
common society as "private". The organizations of the express (the
mechanical assembly of the public authority, the courts, the police, the
military, the general public security framework thus forward) can be
viewed as "public" as in they are answerable for the aggregate association
of the local area life.

CHARACTERISTIC of POLITICS

Use or threat of use of legal force

it allows the legal authority to use force. If David Easton speaks of “authoritative allocation of values”, D

Interactions

“Political system is that system of interactions to be found in all independent societies which perform the

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 Interdependence of Parts

when the properties of one component in a system change, all the other components and the system as a

What’s More?

Who Says It?

DIRECTIONS: Give the proponent of the following perspectives.

Part I
Three of my contributions to socia theories are: (1) the organic totality Describe the science
society, (2) the relative importance the economic sector of social life. Society is
something other
than the sum of
individual
actions

1.
"that complex whole 3.
which includes
knowledge, belief, art,
law, morals, custom,
and any other
capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a 2.
Culture as cultivation
member of society."
the process of
transmitting and
acquiring traditions
as a result of which
society is For me, society was
perpetuated the patterned
4. interactions among
members of a group,
the sum of responses
to ordinary life
Auguste Comte
George Simmel 5.
Edward Burnett Tylor
Radcliffe Brown
Karl Marx
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 What I Have Learned
DIRECTIONS: Feel free to express your thoughts in answering the following
questions. Illustrate instances that can be applied.

What is meant by passable standards of conduct?

How do you differentiate Culture, Society and Politics in your own perspective?

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 What I Can Do

Knowledge and Skill Application

Situational Realm: Our society has evolved into so called “New Normal”
where people: employees, students and normal people have changed their
lifestyles and status. Aligning with the GIVEN CHARACTERISTIC OF
CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS, as a learner how would you adapt the
changes in your community and school?

CHANGES

Community
School

COOPERATION & CONFLICT

Community
School

USE or THREAT of USE of LEGAL FORCE

Community
School

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 Assessment

I. DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. This refers to a group of people whose members interact, reside in a definable area
and share a culture.
A. culture B. residents C. society D. ethnosphere

2. What term refers to the shared practices, values, beliefs, norms and artifacts of the
society?
A. culture B. residents C. society D. experience

3. According to Maclver and Page saw that "society is crossed by ".

A. process & humanity B. cooperation & conflict
C. society & experience D. beliefs & time

4. Culture is ideational if ….
A. it sets out an optimal example of conduct
B. it is a framework that has few commonly reliant parts.
C. there is new social qualities added
D. no culture stays on the perpetual state.

5. Culture is diverse because of its aspects that develop man’s social interaction,
under the aspect of Actions, which of the following should not be included?
A. justice B. religion C. work D. dialect

6. Society is a system of stratification, what does it give in a given situation?

A. man’s past culture B. cooperation & conflict
C. arrangement of definition D. collaboration & struggle

7. Culture is learned and acquired, which is the major factor for justification?
A. books B. news C. heredity D. language

8. Which of the characteristics can justify that culture is “No culture stays on the
perpetual state”?
A. culture changes
B. culture is cumulative
C. culture is learned and acquired
D. culture is dynamic

9. When the politics of one component in a system change, all the other components
and the system will be…….
A. affected B. steady C. destroyed D. created

10. If David Easton speaks of “authoritative allocation of values” the political

characteristic refers to:
A. Use of legal force B. interdependence C. interaction D. power

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 Answer Key

What I Know What’s New ? What’s More

I. 1 Karl Marx
Pepperoni Politics TEACHER CHECKS
2. Edward Burnette Tylor
AND GRADES BASED
Legal force
ON LEARNER’S 3. Auguste Comte
Interaction
Interdependence ANSWER
4. Radcliffe Brown
Hawaiian Culture
5. George Simmel
Acquired
Cumulative
Dynamic
Diverse
Bacon & Society
Abstract, process, stratification
II.
1. Language- dialect
2. actions- justice
3. self- esteem
4. history- myths
5. experience- rituals

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society.jpg

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