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CT Scan

A CT scan is an imaging technique that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body, particularly useful for examining soft tissues, bones, and blood vessels. There are various types of CT scans based on the area scanned and technique, with common indications including trauma, cancer detection, and vascular issues. Preparation involves checking renal function and contrast allergy history, while potential complications include contrast reactions and radiation exposure risks.

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80 views2 pages

CT Scan

A CT scan is an imaging technique that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body, particularly useful for examining soft tissues, bones, and blood vessels. There are various types of CT scans based on the area scanned and technique, with common indications including trauma, cancer detection, and vascular issues. Preparation involves checking renal function and contrast allergy history, while potential complications include contrast reactions and radiation exposure risks.

Uploaded by

drsamal1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CT (Computed Tomography) Scan

Definition:

A CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) is an imaging modality that uses X-rays and
computer processing to generate cross-sectional images (slices) of the body. It provides
more detailed information than plain radiographs, especially of soft tissues, bones, and blood
vessels.

Types of CT Scans:

1. Based on Area Scanned:


o Head CT – trauma, stroke, intracranial pathology
o Chest CT – pulmonary embolism, infections, malignancy
o Abdomen/Pelvis CT – appendicitis, cancer staging, renal colic
o CT Spine – trauma, disc herniation
o CT Angiography (CTA) – vascular pathology (e.g., PE, aortic dissection)
2. Based on Technique:
o Plain (Non-contrast) CT – often used for head trauma, stroke, renal
stones
o Contrast-Enhanced CT (CECT):
▪ Intravenous (IV) – highlights vascular structures and organs
▪ Oral contrast – for GI tract delineation
▪ Rectal contrast – sometimes used in colorectal pathology
o High-resolution CT (HRCT) – for interstitial lung disease
o CT Colonography – virtual colonoscopy
o CT Perfusion – used in stroke assessment

Common Indications:

• Head: trauma, stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), space-occupying lesions,


hydrocephalus
• Chest: pulmonary embolism (with CTA), pneumonia complications, tumor
evaluation
• Abdomen/Pelvis: appendicitis, diverticulitis, trauma, tumor staging, renal colic
• Spine: trauma, disc disease
• Vascular: aortic dissection, aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease
• Cancer: detection, staging, follow-up
• Infective: abscesses, osteomyelitis, complicated infections
Contraindications:
Absolute:

• None for non-contrast CT.


• For contrast CT:
o Severe contrast allergy (anaphylaxis)
o Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism (iodinated contrast may trigger thyroid
storm)

Relative:

• Renal impairment (risk of contrast-induced nephropathy)


• Pregnancy (especially in first trimester – due to ionizing radiation)
• Metformin use (can increase risk of lactic acidosis in renal impairment; may
need to withhold around contrast use)
• Previous moderate contrast allergy (requires premedication)

Potential Complications:
Early (Acute):

• Contrast Reactions:
o Mild: nausea, vomiting, urticaria
o Moderate: bronchospasm, hypotension
o Severe: anaphylaxis
• Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN):
o Acute renal dysfunction within 48–72 hours
• Extravasation of IV contrast – localized swelling, pain
• Radiation exposure effects (minimal in single use)

Late (Chronic):

• Cumulative radiation exposure:


o Potential long-term cancer risk (especially in children)
• Persistent contrast-related nephropathy (rare)

Preparation & Considerations:

• Fasting may be required (especially if contrast is used).


• Renal function tests (urea, creatinine) before contrast-enhanced CT.
• Contrast allergy history must be checked.
• Pregnancy status should be confirmed in females of reproductive age.
• Consent, especially for contrast risks, is good practice.

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