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Accelerator
Benefits of Segment Routing &
Technical Overview
October 2023
Presenter
Jan van der Merwe
Customer Success Specialist
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Proposed Accelerators
Session Session Title Duration Date
1 SR-MPLS: Getting Started: Segment Routing 1 hour 3 Oct 11am CET
2 SR-MPLS: Integration: MPLS LDP interworking with SR 1.5 hour 10 Oct 11am CET
3 SR-MPLS: Feature Overview: SRTE, Flex-Algo, Constraints 1.5 hour 17 Oct 11am CET
4 SR-MPLS: Feature Overview: SR-PCE & SR-TE in multi-AS 2 hour 24 Oct 11am CET
5 SR-MPLS: SR Tools and Troubleshooting 1.5 hour 31 Oct 11am CET
6 Crosswork Network Controller – Introduction & Overview 1.5 hour 7 Nov 11am CET
7 Crosswork Network Controller – Provisioning and Optimization 1.5 hour 14 Nov 11am CET
8 Model-driven Telemetry 1.5 hour 21 Nov 11am CET
9 Introduction to EVPN: EVPN Design and Architecture 2 hour 28 Nov 11am CET
10 SRv6: Introduction to SRv6 & uSID 1 hour 5 Dec 11am CET
11 SRv6: Best practices and Interworking Scenarios 1.5 hour TBC
12 SRv6: SRTE, SP-PCE, Flex-Algo, Constraints 2 hour TBC
13 SRv6: Services (L2VPN, L3VPN) 1.5 hour TBC
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Today’s
discussion
01 Benefits of Segment Routing
02 Technical Overview
Agenda 03 Configuration
04 Verification
05 Demo
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Benefits of
Segment Routing
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Understanding Today’s Service Creation
Limited Cross-domain Automation, Cumbersome Service Assurance
Legacy Central Office
Complex E2E Quality of Service (QoS)
Metro Network Domain Core Network Domain Data Center Domain
L2VPN L3VPN VXLAN VNF VNF
Aggregation
Ethernet MPLS IP
Access
Centralized Services Delivery
Hardware
Appliances
End-to-end service provisioning is lengthy and complex
• Multiple network domains under different management teams
• Manual operations
• Heterogeneous underlay and overlay networks
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Segment Routing: SDN ready
“Network as a Fabric” for Service Creation
Homogenous Cross-domain Automation & Assurance
SDN
Control
Cloud Scale Networking
Central Office
SDN SDN SDN
Access Metro Network Domain Core Network Domain Data Center Domain
VPN L2/L3 VNF VNF
Aggregation
VNF
Segment Routing
VNF
Centralized Services Delivery
Compute Leaf Spine
End-to-end service provisioning is simple
• Multiple network domains under same management teams
• Automated operations
• Homogenous underlay and overlay networks
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Network Evolution
Service Protocols
L2 VPN services LDP L2 VPN services
MP-BGP
L3 VPN services MP-BGP L3 VPN services
Transport Protocols
Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering
Inter-Domain MPLS LSP BGP-LU SR-PCE
Inter-Domain MPLS LSP
Intra-Domain Traffic Engineering Intra-Domain Traffic Engineering
RSVP-TE
Fast Re-Route Fast Re-Route
IGP with
Intra-Domain MPLS LSP LDP Intra-Domain MPLS LSP
SR extensions
IP Routing IGP IP Routing
Data-Plane
Label-based forwarding MPLS MPLS Label-based forwarding
LDP: Label Distribution Protocol, MP-BGP: Multi-protocol BGP, BGP-LU: BGP Labeled-Unicast, PCE: Path Computation Element, RSVP-TE: Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering
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Segment Routing business benefits
SDN and Operational simplicity
programmability ready
• Ready for integration • Evolution of Unified
with Transport-SDN MPLS
• Programmatic and • Simplified Protocol
automation ready Stack (no LDP or RSVP
TE)
• Improved scalability
• Reduced failure points
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Technology
Overview
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Segment Routing MPLS
Essential facts
• Segment Routing is Source Routing • Source Routing paradigm
• SIDs expressed as (globally unique) • Stateless IP fabric !!!
MPLS labels Path expressed in the packet Data
• Segments: Instructions such as go to Shortest path
node N using the shortest path
• Control Plane: SR extensions in IGP 1 3 5
• Data Plane: MPLS
• Stack of SIDs translates to MPLS labels Traffic Engineered path 7
stack
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2 4 6
Segment Routing MPLS
Essential facts
• Segment Routing MPLS is independent and can co-exist with LDP
• SR MPLS can be configured and can operate along with LDP
• Labeled traffic is forwarded for both SR MPLS and LDP with no interruption
• Which label to push locally on a router depends on sr-prefer CLI knob
• Segment Routing MPLS does not rely on LDP or other additional protocols
to exchange labels and use IGP extensions
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Segment Routing MPLS
Essential facts
• Segment Routing is Configured under IGP Routing Protocol
• Requires: Enabling SR and Configuring Prefix-SID
• Configure Absolute Value or Index
• Optional: Configure SR-Global-Block (SRGB)
• Default 16000 – 23999
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Technology overview
Prefix SID (Node SID) Adjacency SID
Locally-significant
Globally significant
unidirectional
16003
16001 1 24010 3 24035 5 16005
24012 24034 24010
24013 24036 24011
16002 2 24024 4 24045 6 16006
16004
Segment: Instructions such as “Go to Node N using the shortest path."
Segment Routing MPLS
Essential facts
• Prefix-SID transported as Index and SRGB
• Prefix-SIDs absolute values are split into Index and SRGB before being flooded with IGP
• Prefix-SIDs re-constructed at each router
• Index + downstream router’s SRGB for outgoing label
• Index + local SRGB for local label SRGB Index SID
• Prefix-SID must be configured explicitly
16000 4 16004
• Can be allocated for loopback interfaces only
• Adjacency-SIDs allocated automatically SRGB 16000 SRGB16000 SRGB 17000
Index = 1 Index = 2 Index = 3
• No explicit configuration required
• Locally significant 1 2 3
Dest = R3
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O=16003 O=17003
Reserve Label Space for SR Operation
Segment Routing Global Block (SRGB) – Segment Routing Local Bloc (SRLB)
• SRGB allocation
0 • Default Range SRGB is 16000-23999
…
• Any custom range can be defined
15999
16000 • This range is reserved and other protocols are
Available label space
….
SRGB not using it (LDP, BGP, RSVP-TE)
23999
24000
• SRLB allocation
…
• A range of labels can be (optionally) allocated
SRLB to allow static configuration of locally
…. significant SIDs (e.g. Adjacency SID)
…
1,048,57
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MPLS Data Plane Operations
SEGMENT 16004
1.1.1.4/32
Prefix-SID 16004
Push Swap Pop -
16004 16004
PAYLOAD PAYLOAD PAYLOAD PAYLOAD
• Node 4 advertises its loopback ipv4 prefix 1.1.1.4/32
with attached prefix-SID 16004
• Node 4 requests the default PHP functionality
Combining Segments
Example Send traffic from Node 1 to Node 5 avoiding the link between Node 2 to Node 5
16004
24045
Packet to 5
16004
Source 24045 24045
Packet to 5 Packet to 5
Destination
24045
Packet to 5
Packet to 5
24045
16004 IGP adjacency SID
IGP prefix SID
Are there different types of Segments?
GLOBAL segment representing an IGP prefix
IGP Prefix SID
Forward packet along shortest-path (ECMP-aware) to reach the prefix associated with the segment
IGP Node SID An IGP-Prefix segment identifying a specific router (for example its loopback prefix)
IGP Anycast SID An IGP-Prefix segment assign to an IGP prefix advertised by multiple routers (anycast prefix)
IGP Adjacency LOCAL segment representing an IGP adjacency
SID Forward packet over the interface where the adjacency is formed
GLOBAL segment representing a BGP prefix
BGP Prefix SID
Forward packet along best-path to reach the prefix associated with the segment
BGP Peering LOCAL segment representing a BGP neighbor
SID Forward packet over the interface where the neighbor is formed
LOCAL segment representing an SR Policy
Binding SID
Forward packet along the path(s) of the associated SR Policy
Protect with automatic TI LFA FRR
100%-coverage 50-msec link, 7
node, and SRLG protection 2 3
if0
Normal forwarding behavior 1
if1
4
2
6 5
2 3
Micro-loop while IGP converge 1
if0
4
if1
2
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Protect with automatic TI LFA FRR
100%-coverage 50-msec link, 16007 7
node, and SRLG protection Payload
2 3
if0
TI-LFA for link R1-R2 on R1 1 4
if1
16007
Calculate post-convergence 16005 6
2
5 Payload
16007
Derive SID-list to steer traffic Payload
7
on post-convergence path via
node 5 2 3
R1 will push the prefix-SID 1 4
of R5 on the backup path IF1
16007 6 5 Pre-convergence
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Payload Backup 23
Post-convergence
Simple steps to
get started with
Segment
Routing
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Segment Routing configuration
IOS XR – ISIS, Assign Prefix-SID to loopback interface
router isis 100
address-family ipv4 unicast
metric-style wide
segment-routing mpls sr-prefer
! Enable Segment Routing
interface Loopback0
passive
address-family ipv4 unicast
prefix-sid index 1
prefix-sid absolute 16001 Assign Prefix-SID to Loopback
interface (index or absolute)
!
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Segment Routing configuration
IOS XR – OSPF, Assign Prefix-SID to Loopback interface
router ospf 1
segment-routing mpls
segment-routing sr-prefer Enable Segment Routing
area 0
interface Loopback0
prefix-sid index 1
prefix-sid absolute 16001 Assign Prefix-SID to Loopback
interface (index or absolute)
!
!
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Segment Routing configuration
IOS XR – Optional configuration: SRGB
• SRGB configuration is optional
• Default range is 16000 – 23999 = 8000 labels allocated
segment-routing
global-block 16000 23999
Explicit SRGB configuration
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Verify SR
Operation
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Segment Routing verification
show isis database verbose
• Verifying SR extensions in ISIS Database
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R1#sh isis database R1.00-00 verbose
<snip>
IP Address: 6.1.1.1
Hostname: R1
Router Cap: 6.1.1.1 D:0 S:0
Segment Routing: I:1 V:0, SRGB Base: 16000 Range: 8000
SR Algorithm:
Router’s SRGB
Algorithm: 0
Algorithm: 1
Node Maximum SID Depth:
Label Imposition: 10
Metric: 10 IS-Extended R2.00
Interface IP Address: 192.1.2.1
Neighbor IP Address: 192.1.2.2
Link Maximum SID Depth:
Label Imposition: 10
ADJ-SID: F:0 B:0 V:1 L:1 S:0 P:0 weight:0 Adjacency-sid:24001
Metric: 10 IS-Extended R3.00
Adjacency SID
<snip>…
Metric: 0 IP-Extended 6.1.1.1/32
Prefix-SID Index: 1, Algorithm:0, R:0 N:1 P:0 E:0 V:0 L:0
Prefix Attribute Flags: X:0 R:0 N:1 Prefix SID
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Segment Routing Verification
show isis segment-routing label table
• Verifying Prefix-SIDs transported by ISIS
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R1#sh isis segment-routing label table
IS-IS 100 IS Label Table
Label Prefix/Interface
---------- ----------------
16001 Loopback0
16002 6.1.1.2/32
16003 6.1.1.3/32
16004
16005
6.1.1.4/32
6.1.1.5/32
Prefix SID Labels
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Segment Routing Verification
show ospf database opaque-are 7.0.0.1 self-originate
• Verifying SR extensions in OSPF Database
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R10#show ospf database opaque-area 7.0.0.1 self-originate
OSPF Router with ID (6.1.1.10) (Process ID 1)
Type-10 Opaque Link Area Link States (Area 0)
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Opaque Area Link
Link State ID: 7.0.0.1
Opaque Type: 7
Opaque ID: 1
Advertising Router: 6.1.1.10
Extended Prefix TLV: Length: 20
Route-type: 1
AF : 0
Flags : 0x40
Prefix : 6.1.1.10/32
SID sub-TLV: Length: 8
Flags : 0x0
MTID : 0
Algo : 0 Prefix SID Index
SID Index : 10
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Segment Routing Verification
show ospf database opaque-are 4.0.0.0 self-originate
• Verifying SR extensions in OSPF Database
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R10#show ospf database opaque-area 4.0.0.0 self-originate
OSPF Router with ID (6.1.1.10) (Process ID 1)
Type-10 Opaque Link Area Link States (Area 0)
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Opaque Area Link
Link State ID: 4.0.0.0
Opaque Type: 4
Opaque ID: 0
Advertising Router: 6.1.1.10
<snip>
Router’s SRGB range
Segment Routing Range TLV: Length: 12
Range Size: 8000
SID sub-TLV: Length 3
Label: 16000
Dynamic Hostname TLV: Length: 3 Router’s SRGB
Hostname: R10
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Segment Routing Verification
show ospf segment-routing adjacency-sids
• Verifying SR extensions in OSPF Database
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R10#show ospf segment-routing adjacency-sids
Thu Mar 24 09:14:39.925 UTC
SR Adjacency SIDs for ospf 1 with ID 6.1.1.10
Codes: C - Static/Configured, D - Dynamic
P - Protected, U - Unprotected
B - Has backup path, N - No backup path
A - Deleted Adjacency Protection Active
Adj SID Neighbor ID Neighbor Addr Interface Attrs Backup Nexthop Backup Intf
-------- --------------- --------------- ------------ ------ --------------- ------------
24003 6.1.1.8 192.8.10.8 Gi0/0/0/0 D U N
24004 6.1.1.8 192.8.10.8 Gi0/0/0/0 D P B 192.9.10.9 Gi0/0/0/1
24005 6.1.1.9 192.9.10.9 Gi0/0/0/1 D U N
24006 6.1.1.9 192.9.10.9 Gi0/0/0/1 D P B 192.8.10.8 Gi0/0/0/0
Adjacency SIDs
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Segment Routing Verification
show mpls forwarding
• Verifying labels in MPLS Forwarding Plane
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R1# sh mpls forwarding
Local Outgoing Prefix Outgoing Next Hop
Label she or ID Interface
------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ ----------
16002 Pop SR Pfx (idx 2) Gi0/0/0/1 192.1.2.2
16003 Pop SR Pfx (idx 3) Gi0/0/0/0 192.1.3.3 Prefix SID Label
16004 16004 SR Pfx (idx 4) Gi0/0/0/0 192.1.3.3
16004 SR Pfx (idx 4) Gi0/0/0/1 192.1.2.2
16005 16005 SR Pfx (idx 5) Gi0/0/0/0 192.1.3.3
16005 SR Pfx (idx 5) Gi0/0/0/1 192.1.2.2
24000
24001
Pop
Pop
SR Adj (idx 1)
SR Adj (idx 3)
Gi0/0/0/1
Gi0/0/0/1
192.1.2.2
192.1.2.2
Adjacency SID Label
24002 Pop SR Adj (idx 1) Gi0/0/0/0 192.1.3.3
24003 Pop SR Adj (idx 3) Gi0/0/0/0 192.1.3.3
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Segment Routing verification
show route detail
• Verifying labels allocated locally for a prefix
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:R1#sh route 6.1.1.5/32 detail
Routing entry for 6.1.1.5/32
Known via "ospf 100", distance 110, metric 3, labeled SR, type
intra area
Installed Dec 15 23:48:28.933 for 18:11:54
Routing Descriptor Blocks
192.1.3.3, from 6.1.1.5, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
Route metric is 3
Label: 0x3e85 (16005)
Tunnel ID: None MPLS label for remote prefix
Binding Label: None
Extended communities count: 0
Path id:2 Path ref count:0
NHID:0x6(Ref:7)
OSPF area: 0
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Demo:
Configuration &
Verification
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Key points to remember
01 IGP extensions carry SR information
02 No additional protocols needed to exchange labels
03 Segments equal Instructions
04 Easy steps to configure
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Q&A
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