Question 55 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= 2 ,∧0 ≤ t< 3
−2 ,t ≥ 3

Solution 55 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=2 { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−3 ) }−2 { u ( t−3 ) }
f ( t )=2 { u ( t )−u ( t−3 ) } −2 { u (t−3 ) }
f ( t )=2 u ( t )−2 u (t−3 )−2 u ( t−3 )
f ( t )=2 u ( t )−4 u ( t−3 )

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { 2 u ( t )−4 u ( t−3 ) }

As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of

above expression:
L { f ( t ) }=L { 2 u ( t ) } −L { 4 u ( t−3 ) }

L { f ( t ) }=2 L { u ( t ) } −4 L { u ( t−3 ) }………………………………(1)

1
We know that L { u(t) } =
s ………………………………(2)
−as
e
L { u(t−a) } =
s
−3 s
e
L { u ( t−3 ) }= ………………………………(3)
s

Putting (2) and (3) in (1)

L { f ( t ) }=2 L { u ( t ) } −4 L { u ( t−3 ) }………………………………(1)

L { f ( t ) }=2 {} { }
1
s
−4
e−3 s
s
−3 s
2 4e
L { f ( t ) }= −
s s
Question 56 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform

{
1 , 0 ≤t <4
f ( t )= 0 , 4 ≤t <5
1,t≥5

Solution 56 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=1 { u ( t−0 ) −u ( t−4 ) } +0 { u ( t−4 )−u ( t−5 ) } +1 { u ( t−5 ) }
f ( t )=1 { u ( t−0 ) −u ( t−4 ) } +1 { u (t−5 ) }
f ( t )= { u ( t )−u ( t−4 ) +u ( t−5 ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t )−u ( t−4 ) +u ( t−5 ) }

As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of

above expression:
L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t ) }−L { u ( t−4 ) } + L { u (t−5 ) }…………………(1)

1
We know that L { u(t) } =
s ………………………………(2)
−as
e
L { u(t−a) } =
s
−4 s
e
L { u ( t−4 ) }= ………………………………(3)
s
−5 s
e
L { u ( t−5 ) }= ………………………………(4)
s

Putting (2) to (4) in (1)

L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t ) }−L { u ( t−4 ) } + L { u (t−5 ) }…………………(1)
 { } { }{s }
−4 s −5 s
1 e e
L { f ( t ) }= − +
s s
−4 s −5 s
1 e e
L { f ( t ) }= − +
s s s

Question 57 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform
f ( t )=
{0 ,∧0
2
≤t <1
t , t ≥1

Solution 57 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=0 {u ( t−0 )−u ( t−1 ) } + {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }
f ( t )= {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }

st
1 Method
Laplace Transformed of L { g(t) u ( t−a ) }=e−as L { g(t +a)}…..(2)
Consider L {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }
Here g ( t )=t
2
and a=1………………………..(3)
L { g ( t ) } =L {t 2 }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { g ( t+1 ) }=L {( t+1 )2 }

L { g ( t+1 ) } =L {( t+1 )2 }

L { g ( t+1 ) } =L {t 2 +2 t+1 }
L { g ( t+1 ) } =L {t 2 } +2 L {t } + L {1 }
 2 2 1
L { g ( t+1 ) } = + 2 + ………………………..(4)
s s s
3

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t) u ( t−1 ) }=e L { g(t +1) }

−s

L { g(t)u ( t−1 ) }=e−s

{ 2 2 1
+ +
s3 s2 s }
nd
2 Method
Question 57 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
f ( t )=
{
0 ,∧0 ≤t <1
2
t , t ≥1

Solution 57 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=0 {u ( t−0 )−u ( t−1 ) } + {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }
f ( t )= {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }

We know that
L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(1)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t −a ) } =e
−as
G(s)

Here a=1…………………………..(2)
Consider
{t 2 u ( t−1 ) }
Now t 2=(t −1+1)2
2 2 2
t =(t−1) +2(t−1)(1)+(1)
t =(t −1) +2(t−1)+ 1…………………………..(3)
2 2

Put (2) and (3) in (1)

L { g(t−a)u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(1)
−as

L {[ (t−1)2 +2(t−1)+1 ] u ( t−1 ) }=e− s L { t 2+2 t+ 1 }

L {[ (t−1) +2(t−1)+1 ] u ( t−1 ) }=e {L( t2 )+ 2 L(t )+ L(1)}

2 −s

L {[ (t−1)2 +2(t−1)+1 ] u ( t−1 ) }=e− s

{ 2 2 1
+ 2+
s s s
3 }
Question 58 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform

{
3π
0 ,∧0 ≤t <
f ( t )= 2
3π
sin t , t ≥
2

Solution 58 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as

{ (
f ( t )=0 u ( t−0 ) −u t−
3π
2 )} {
+ sin t u t− (
3π
2 )}
{ (
f ( t )= sin t u t−
3π
2 )}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

{ (
L { f ( t ) }=L sint u t−
3π
2 )}
st
1 Method
Laplace Transformed of L { g(t) u ( t−a ) }=e−as L { g(t +a)}…..(2)

Consider { ( )}
L sin t u t−
3π
2

3π
Here g ( t )=sin t and a= 2 ………………………..(3)

L { g ( t ) } =L {sin t }

{ ( )} { ( )}
L { g ( t+a ) }=L g t+
3π
2
=L sin t+
3π
2

{ ( )}
L { g ( t+a ) }=L sin t+
3π
2

{
L { g ( t+a ) }=L sint cos
3π
2
+sin
3π
2
cos t }
L { g ( t +a ) }=L { sin t (0)+(−1)cos t }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L {−cos t }
L { g ( t+a ) }=−L { cos t }
−s
L { g ( t+a ) }= 2 ………………………..(4)
s +1

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

{ ( )} { }
−3 π
3π 2
s −s
L sin t u t− =e
2 2
s +1
−3 π

{ ( )}
s
2
3π −s e
L sin t u t− = 2
2 s +1

nd
2 Method
Question 58 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
 {
3π
0 ,∧0 ≤t <
f ( t )= 2
3π
sin t , t ≥
2

Solution 58 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as

{
f ( t )=0 u ( t−0 ) −u t− ( 3π
2 )} { (
+ sin t u t−
3π
2 )}
{ (
f ( t )= sin t u t−
3π
2 )}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

{
L { f ( t ) }=L sint u t− ( 3π
2 )}
We know that
L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(1)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t −a ) } =e
−as
G(s)
3π
Here a= 2 …………………………..(2)

Consider

{ (
sin t u t−
3π
2 )}
Now sin t=sin ({ t− 32π )+( 32π )}
( 32π ) cos ( 32π )+sin ( 32π ) cos (t− 32π )
sin t=sin t−

sin t=sin ( t− ) ( 0 ) + (−1 ) cos (t− )

3π 3π
2 2

sin t=( 0 )−cos (t− )

3π
2

sin t=−cos (t−

2 )
3π
…………………………..(3)
Put (2) and (3) in (1)
L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(1)
−as

{ ( )} ( ) L {−cos t }
−3 π
3π 3π 2
s
L −cos t− u t− =e
2 2

{ 2 }
−3 π
L −cos (t− ) u ( t− )=−e
3π 3π s
L { cos t } 2
2

{ 2 } { s +1 }
−3 π
L −cos (t− ) u ( t− )=−e
3π 3π s 2
s

2 2

−3 π

{ )} (
s

L −cos t−
3π
2( u t−
3 π −e 2 s
2
= 2
s +1 )

Question 59 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= t ,∧0 ≤ t<2
0,t≥2

Solution 59 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=t { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−2 ) }+ 0 {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }
f ( t )= { tu ( t )−tu ( t−2 ) }+ 0
f ( t )= { tu ( t )−tu ( t−2 ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { tu ( t )−tu ( t−2 ) }

L { f ( t ) }=L { tu ( t ) } −L { tu ( t−2 ) }………………………….(1)

1st Method
Laplace Transformed of L { g(t) u ( t −a ) }=e−as L { g(t +a)}…(2)
Consider L {tu ( t ) }
Here g ( t )=t and a=0………………………..(3)
L { g ( t ) } =L {t }
1
2 ………………………..(4)
L { g ( t ) }=
s

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +0) }

−(0 )s

L { g(t)u ( t−a ) } =e−(0 )s L { g(t ) }

L { g(t)u ( t−a ) } =e 0
{} 1
s2

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =
{ }………………………..(5)
1
s
2

Laplace Transformed of L { g(t) u ( t−a ) }=e−as L { g(t +a)}…(2)

Consider L {tu ( t−2 ) }
Here g ( t )=t and a=2………………………..(6)
L { g ( t ) } =L {t }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { t+2 }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { t }+ L { 2 }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { t }+2 L { 1 }
1 2
L { g ( t+a ) }= + ………………………..(7)
s s
2

Put (6) and (7) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as
L { g(t)u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +2) }
−(2) s

L { g(t)u ( t−a ) } =e−2 s

{ }………………………..(8)
1 2
+
s2 s

Put (5) and (8) in (1)

L { f ( t ) }=L { tu ( t ) } −L { tu ( t−2 ) }………………………….(1)

L { f ( t ) }=
1 −2 s 1 2
s
2
−e
s s
2
+
{ }
−2 s −2 s
1 e 2e
L { f ( t ) }= 2
− 2 −
s s s

nd
2 Method
Question 59 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= t ,∧0 ≤ t<2
0,t≥2

Solution 59 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=t { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−2 ) }+ 0 {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }
f ( t )= { tu ( t )−tu ( t−2 ) }+ 0
f ( t )= { tu ( t )−tu ( t−2 ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { tu ( t )−tu ( t−2 ) }

L { f ( t ) }=L { tu ( t ) } −L { tu ( t−2 ) }………………………….(1)

We know that
L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t −a ) } =e
−as
G(s)

Consider
L { tu ( t ) }

Here a=0…………………………..(3)
Now t=(t−0)
t=t …………………………..(4)

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

L { g(t−a)u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { tu ( t ) }=e L {t }
−(0)s

L { tu ( t ) }=e L {t }
0

L { tu ( t ) }=1 L { t }
L { tu ( t ) }=L { t }

L { tu ( t ) }=
{}
1
s2
1
2 …………………………..(5)
L { tu ( t ) }=
s

Consider
L { tu ( t−2 ) }

Here a=2…………………………..(6)
Now t=( t−2 ) +2…………………………..(7)
Put (6) and (7) in (2)
L { g(t−a)u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }=e

−as
L { g(t ) }

L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }=e

−(2)s
L { t+2 }
L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }=e
−2 s −2 s
L { t }+ e L {2}

L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }=e

−2 s −2 s
L { t }+ 2 e L {1}

L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }=e−2 s

{} {} 1
s
2
+2 e−2 s
1
s

{ }{ }
−2 s −2 s
e 2e
L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }= 2
+
s s
−2 s −2 s
e 2e
L {[ ( t−2 ) +2 ] u (t−a ) }= 2
+ …………………………..(8)
s s

Put (5) and (8) in (1)

L { f ( t ) }=L { tu ( t ) } −L { tu ( t−2 ) }………………………….(1)

{ }
−2 s −2 s
1 e 2e
L { f ( t ) }= 2
− 2 +
s s s
−2 s −2 s
1 e 2e
L { f ( t ) }= 2
− 2 −
s s s

Question 60 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= sin t ,∧0 ≤ t<2 π
0 , t ≥2 π

Solution 60 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=sin t { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−2 π ) } +0 { u ( t−2 π ) }
f ( t )=sin t { u ( t ) −u ( t−2 π ) } +0
f ( t )=sin t { u ( t ) −u ( t−2 π ) }
f ( t )= { sin t u ( t ) −sin t u ( t−2 π ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin t u ( t )−sin t u ( t−2 π ) }

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin t u ( t ) }−L { sin t u ( t−2 π ) }…………………..(1)

 st
1 Method
Laplace Transformed of L { g(t) u ( t −a ) }=e−as L { g(t +a)}…..(2)
Consider L {sin t u ( t ) }
Here g ( t )=sin t and a=0………………………..(3)
L { g ( t ) } =L {sin t }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { g ( t+0 ) }=L { sin ( t ) }
1
L { g ( t+a ) }= 2………………………..(4)
s +1

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { sin t u ( t ) }=e−(0)s
{ }1
s +1
2

0
e
L { sin t u ( t ) }= 2
s +1
1
L { sin t u ( t ) }= 2………………………(5)
s +1

Consider L {sin t u ( t−2 π ) }

Here g ( t )=sin t and a=2 π ………………………..(6)
L { g ( t ) } =L {sin t }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { g ( t+2 π ) }=L { sin ( t +2 π ) }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { sin ( t+ 2 π ) }
L { g ( t+a ) }=L ¿
L { g ( t+a ) }=L ¿
L { g ( t+a ) }=L ¿
L { g ( t+a ) }=L { sin ( t ) }
1
L { g ( t+a ) }= 2………………………..(7)
s +1

Put (6) and (7) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { sin t u ( t−a ) }=e−(2 π) s

{ }
2
1
s +1
−2 π s
e
L { sin t u ( t ) }= 2
……………………………(8)
s +1

Put (5) and (8) in (1)

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin t u ( t ) }−L { sin t u ( t−2 π ) }…………………..(1)

−2 π s
1 e
L { f ( t ) }= 2
− 2
s +1 s +1

2nd Method
Question 60 Page 231 / 245 Express f (t ) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= sin t ,∧0 ≤ t<2 π
0 , t ≥2 π

Solution 60 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=sin t { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−2 π ) } +0 { u ( t−2 π ) }
f ( t )=sin t { u ( t ) −u ( t−2 π ) } +0
f ( t )=sin t { u ( t ) −u ( t−2 π ) }
f ( t )= { sin t u ( t ) −sin t u ( t−2 π ) }
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
L { f ( t ) }=L { sin t u ( t )−sin t u ( t−2 π ) }

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin t u ( t ) }−L { sin t u ( t−2 π ) }…………………..(1)

We know that
L { g(t−a)u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t−a ) } =e
−as
G(s)

Consider
{ sin t u ( t ) }
g ( t )=sin t
a=0
{ sin (t−0)u ( t−0 ) }
g ( t )=sin t …………………………..(3)

Put (3) in (2)

L { g(t−a)u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { sin t u ( t ) }=e L {sin t }

−(0)s

L { sin t u ( t ) }=e 0
{ } 2
1
s +1

L { sin t u ( t ) }=
{ }1
s +1
2

1
L { sin t u ( t ) }= 2 …………………..(4)
s +1

Consider
{ sin t u ( t−2 π ) }
g ( t )=sin t
a=2 π
sin t=sin [ ( t−2 π )+ 2 π ]
sin t=sin ( t−2 π ) cos 2 π +sin 2 π cos ( t−2 π )
sin t=sin ( t−2 π ) (1)+(0)cos ( t−2 π )
sin t=sin ( t−2 π ) (1)+(0)
sin t=sin ( t−2 π )…………………………..(5)

Put (5) in (2)

L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { sin ( t−2 π ) u ( t−2 π ) }=e L {sin t }

−2 π s

L { sin ( t−2 π ) u ( t−2 π ) }=e−2 π s

{ }
2
1
s +1
−2 π s
e
L { sin ( t−2 π ) u ( t−2 π ) }= 2
…………………………..(6)
s +1

Put (4) and (6) in (1)

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin t u ( t ) }−L { sin t u ( t−2 π ) }…………………..(1)
−2 π s
1 e
L { f ( t ) }= 2
− 2
s +1 s +1
Question 1 Find the Laplace Transform of

( π2 )−u( t− 32π )
f ( t )=sin t u t−

st
1 Method
Solution 1 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:

{ ( ) (
L { f ( t ) }=L sintu t−
π
2
−u t−
3π
2 )}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
 { ( )} { ( )}……………………..(1)
L { f ( t ) }=L sintu t−
π
2
−L u t−
3π
2

We know that
L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

Consider { ( )}
L sin tu t−
π
2

π
Here g ( t )=sin t and a= 2
L { g ( t ) } =L {sin t }

{ ( )} { ( )}
L { g ( t+a ) }=L g t+
π
2
=L sin t+
π
2

{(
L g t+
π
2 )} { ( )}
=L sin t+
π
2

{(
L g t+
π
2 )} { ( ) ( ) }
=L sin t cos
π
2
+sin
π
2
cos t

{(
L g t+
π
2 )} { }
=L sin t ( 0 ) + ( 1 ) cos t

{(
L g t+
π
2 )} { }
=L cos t

{(
L g t+
π
2 )} ……………………………………(3)
= 2
s
s +1

Put (3) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

{ ( )} { }
−sπ
π 2 π
L g( t)u t− =e L g(t + )
2 2
−sπ

{ ( )}
2
π se
L g( t)u t− = 2 …………………………..(4)
2 s +1
−as
e
We know that L { u(t−a) } =
s
Consider {(
L u t−
3π
2 )}
3π
Here a= 2
−as
e
Now L { u(t−a)} = s
−3 πs

{( )}
2
3π e …………………………….(5)
L u t− =
2 s

Put (4) and (5) in (1)

{ 2} { 2 }
( π
) −L u (t− ) ……………………..(1)
L { f ( t ) }=L sintu t−
3π

−sπ −3 πs
se 2 e 2
L { f ( t ) }= 2 −
s +1 s

nd
2 Method
Question 1 Find the Laplace Transform of

( π2 )−u( t− 32π )
f ( t )=sin t u t−

Solution 1 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:

{ ( ) (
L { f ( t ) }=L sintu t−
π
2
−u t−
3π
2 )}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:

{ ( )} { ( )}……………………..(1)
L { f ( t ) }=L sintu t−
π
2
−L u t−
3π
2
We know that
L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t −a ) } =e
−as
g (s)

Consider { ( )}
L sin tu t−
π
2

Now sin [( ) ( )] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t−
π
2
+
π
2
π
=sin t− cos
2
π
2
+sin
π
2
cos t−
π
2

([ π2 )+( π2 )]=sin (t− π2 ) ( 0) +(1)cos (t− π2 )

sin t−

[( ) ( )] ( )
sin t−
π
2
+
π
2
=cos t−
π
2

( π2 ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … …(3)
g ( t−a ) =cos t−

Put (3) in (2)

L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

{ ( ) ( )} { }
−π
π π 2
s
L cos t− u t− =e L cost
2 2

{ ( ) ( )} { }
−π
π π 2
s s
L cos t− u t− =e
2 2 2
s +1

−π

{ ( ) ( )}
s
π π e2 s
L cos t− u t− = 2 .....................................(4)
2 2 s +1
 −as
e
We know that L { u(t−a) } =
s

Consider {(
L u t−
3π
2 )}
3π
Here a= 2
−as
e
Now L { u(t−a) } =
s
−3 πs

{(
L u t−
3π
2
= )}
e 2
s
…………………………….(5)

Put (4) and (5) in (1)

{ 2} { 2 }
( π
) −L u (t− ) ……………………..(1)
L { f ( t ) }=L sintu t−
3π

−sπ −3 πs
e 2 s e 2
L { f ( t ) }= 2 −
s +1 s

Question 2 Find the Laplace Transform of

f ( t )=sin 2 t u ( t−π )

st
1 Method
Solution 2 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:
L { f ( t ) }=L { sin 2 t u ( t−π ) }……………………..(1)

We know that
L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

Here g ( t )=sin 2t and a=π

L { g ( t+a ) }=L { g ( t+ π ) } =L { sin 2 ( t + π ) }
L { g ( t+ π ) } =L {sin 2 ( t+ π ) }
L { g ( t+ π ) } =L {sin ( 2 t+ 2 π ) }
L { g ( t+ π ) } =L {sin 2 t cos ( 2 π ) +sin ( 2 π ) cos 2t }
L { g ( t+ π ) } =L {sin 2 t ( 1 ) + ( 0 ) cos 2t }
L { g ( t+ π ) } =L {sin 2 t }
2
2 ………………………………(3)
L { g ( t+ π ) } = 2
s +2

Put (3) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { sin 2t u ( t−π ) }=e L { g (t+ π ) }

−πs

− πs
2e
L { sin 2t u ( t−π ) }= 2 2
s +2

2nd Method
Question 2 Find the Laplace Transform of
f ( t )=sin 2 t u ( t−π )

Solution 2 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin 2 t u ( t−π ) }……………………..(1)

We know that
L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t −a ) } =e
−as
G(s)
a=π ……………………………………(3)

Consider sin 2 t={ sin 2t−2 π +2 π }

sin 2 t={ sin ( 2 t−2 π ) + ( 2 π ) }
sin 2 t={ sin ( 2 t−2 π ) cos ( 2 π ) +sin ( 2 π ) cos ( 2 t−2 π ) }
sin 2 t={ sin ( 2 t−2 π ) ( 1 ) + ( 0 ) cos ( 2 t−2 π ) }
sin 2 t={ sin ( 2 t−2 π ) +0 }
sin 2 t={ sin ( 2 t−2 π ) }
sin 2 t=sin 2 ( t−π ) ……………………………………(4)

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

L { g(t−a) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { g(t−a)u ( t −a ) } =e
−as
g (s)
L { sin 2 (t−π ) u ( t−π ) }=e L {sin 2 t }
−sπ

2
L { sin 2 (t−π ) u ( t−π ) }=e
−sπ
2
s +4
−sπ
2e
L { sin 2 (t−π ) u ( t−π ) }= 2
s +4

Question 3 Find the Laplace Transform of

f ( t )=( 1+ 2t−3 t 2+ 4 t 3 ) u ( t−2 )

st
1 Method
Solution 3 Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
L { f ( t ) }=L {( 1+2 t −3 t + 4 t ) u ( t −2 ) }
2 3

L { f ( t ) }=L {u ( t−2 ) +2 t u ( t−2 )−3 t 2 u ( t−2 ) +4 t 3 u ( t−2 ) }

As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, applying on R.H.S of
above expression:
L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t−2 ) } + L { 2 t u ( t−2 ) }−L {3 t 2 u ( t−2 ) }+ L {4 t 3 u ( t−2 ) }

Taking 2, 3 and 4 outside from R.H.S of above expression

L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t−2 ) } +2 L { t u ( t−2 ) }−3 L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }+ 4 L {t 3 u ( t−2 ) }…(1)

Consider L { u(t −2)}

−as
e
We know that L { u(t−a) } =
s

Here a=2
−as
e
L { u(t−a) } =
s
−2 s
e ………………………….(2a)
L { u(t−2) }=
s

Now consider L {t u ( t−2 ) }

We know that
L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

Here g ( t )=t and a=2

L { g ( t+2 ) } =L {t +2 }=L { t }+ L { 2 }
L { g ( t+2 ) } =L {t } + L { 2 }
1 2
L { g ( t+2 ) } = + ………………(3)
s s
2

Put (3) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { tu ( t−2 ) } =e−2 s
{ }…………….(4)
1 2
s s
2
+

Now consider L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }

We know that
L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

Here g ( t )=t
2
and a=2
L { g ( t+2 ) } =L¿

L { g ( t+2 ) } =L { t 2 } + 4 L {t } +4 L {1 }
2 4 4
L { g ( t+2 ) } = + 2 + ………………(5)
s s s
3

Put (5) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }=e−2 s
{ 2 4 1
+ +
s3 s2 s }…………….(6)
Now consider L {t3 u ( t−2 ) }
We know that
L { g(t) u ( t−a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

Here g ( t )=t
3
and a=2
L { g ( t+2 ) } =L¿

L { g ( t+2 ) } =L { t 3 } +6 L { t 2 }+ 12 L { t }+ 8 L { 1 }
3! 2! 1! 8
L { g ( t+2 ) } = +6 3 +12 2 +
s s
4
s s
6 12 12 8
L { g ( t+2 ) } = + 3 + 2 + …………….(7)
s s s s
4

Put (7) in (2)

L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L {t 3 u ( t−2 ) }=e−2 s
{ 6 12 12 8
+ + +
s 4 s3 s 2 s }…………….(8)
Put (8), (6) (4) and (2a) in (1)
L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t−2 ) } +2 L { t u ( t−2 ) }−3 L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }+ 4 L {t 3 u ( t−2 ) }…(1)
 { } { } { }
−2 s
e 1 2 −2 s 2 4 4 −2 s 6 12 12 8
L { f ( t ) }=
−2 s
+2e 2
+ −3 e 3
+ 2 + +4 e 4
+ 3+ 2+
s s s s s s s s s s

L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 1 2 4 6 12 12 24 48 48 32
+ + − − − + + + +
s s 2 s s3 s 2 s s 4 s 3 s 2 s }
L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 1 4 12 32 2 12 48 6 48 24
+ − + + − + − + +
s s s s s2 s 2 s2 s3 s 3 s 4 }
L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 25 38 42 24
+ + +
s s 2 s3 s 4 }
L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 25 38 42 24
+ + +
s s 2 s3 s 4 }
Question 3 Find the Laplace Transform of
f ( t )=( 1+ 2t−3 t 2+ 4 t 3 ) u ( t−2 )

2nd Method
Solution 3 Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
L { f ( t ) }=L {( 1+2 t −3 t + 4 t ) u ( t −2 ) }
2 3

L { f ( t ) }=L {u ( t−2 ) +2 t u ( t−2 )−3 t 2 u ( t−2 ) +4 t 3 u ( t−2 ) }

As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, applying on R.H.S of

above expression:
L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t−2 ) } + L { 2 t u ( t−2 ) }−L {3 t 2 u ( t−2 ) }+ L {4 t 3 u ( t−2 ) }

Taking 2, 3 and 4 outside from R.H.S of above expression

L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t−2 ) } +2 L { t u ( t−2 ) }−3 L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }+ 4 L {t 3 u ( t−2 ) }…(1)

Consider L { u(t−2)}
−as
e
We know that L { u(t−a) } =
s

Here a=2
 −as
e
L { u(t−a) } =
s
−2 s
e ………………………….(2a)
L { u(t−2) }=
s

We know that
L { f (t −a)u ( t −a ) }=e L { f (t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { f ( t −a)u ( t −a ) }=e
−as
F (s)

Now consider L {t u ( t−2 ) }

Now t=( t−2 ) +(2)

f ( t−a )=( t−2 ) +(2)

f ( t )=( t ) +(2)

f ( t )=t +2

Here f ( t )=t +2 and a=2

L { f ( t ) }=L { t+2 }
1 2
L { f ( t ) }= + ……………………………………(3)
s s
2

1 2
F (s )= +
s s
2

Put (3) in (2)

L { f (t −a)u ( t −a ) }=e L { f (t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as
L { f ( t −a)u ( t −a ) }=e
−as
F (s)

L { t u ( t−2 ) }=e
−2 s
( s1 + 2s )
2

L { t u ( t−2 ) }=e
−2 s
( s1 + 2s )…………………………..(4)
2

We know that
L { f (t−a)u ( t−a ) }=e L { f (t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { f (t−a)u ( t−a ) }=e

−as
F (s)

Now consider L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }

Now t 2=( t −2+2 )2

2 2 2
t =( t−2+2 ) =( t−2 ) + 4 ( t−2 ) +4

2
f ( t−a )=( t−2 ) + 4 ( t−2 ) +4

2
f ( t )=t +4 t+ 4

Here 2
f ( t )=t +4 t+ 4 and a=2
L { f ( t ) }=L { t 2+ 4 t +4 }
2 ! 4(1!) 4
L { f ( t ) }= + +
s 2+1 s1+ 1 s

2 4 4
L { f ( t ) }= + 2+ ……………………………………(5)
s s s
3

2 4 4
F (s )= + 2+
s s s
3

Put (5) in (2)

L { f (t−a)u ( t−a ) }=e L { f (t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { f ( t −a)u ( t −a ) }=e
−as
F (s)

L {t u ( t−2 ) }=e
2 −2 s
( s2 + s4 + 4s )
3 2

L {t u ( t−2 ) }=e
2 −2 s
( s2 + s4 + 4s )…………………………..(6)
3 2

We know that
L { f (t−a)u ( t−a ) }=e L { f (t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { f (t−a)u ( t−a ) }=e

−as
F (s)

Now consider L {t3 u ( t−2 ) }

Now t 3=( t −2+2 )3

 3 3 3 2
t =( t−2+2 ) =( t−2 ) +3 ( t−2 ) (2)+3 ( t−2 ) (4 )+ 8
3 3 3 2
t =( t−2+2 ) =( t−2 ) +6 (t−2 ) +12 ( t−2 ) +8

3 2
f ( t −a )=( t −2 ) +6 ( t −2 ) +12 ( t −2 ) +8

3 2
f ( t )=t +6 t +12 t+ 8

Here 3
f ( t )=t +6 t +12 t+ 8
2
and a=2

L { f ( t ) }=L { t 3+ 6 t 2 +12 t+8 }

3 ! 6(2 !) 12(1 !) 8
L { f ( t ) }= + + 1+ 1 +
s 3+1 s 2+1 s s
6 12 12 8
L { f ( t ) }= + 3 + 2 + ……………………………………(7)
s s s s
4

6 12 12 8
F (s )= + 3+ 2+
s s s s
4

Put (7) in (2)

L { f (t−a)u ( t−a ) }=e L { f (t ) }…………………………..(2)
−as

L { f ( t −a)u ( t −a ) }=e
−as
F (s)

L {t u ( t−2 ) }=e
3 −2 s
( s6 + 12s + 12s + 8s )
4 3 2

L {t 3 u ( t−2 ) }=e−2 s
{ 6 12 12 8
+ + +
s 4 s3 s 2 s }…………….(8)
Put (8), (6) (4) and (2a) in (1)
L { f ( t ) }=L { u ( t−2 ) } +2 L { t u ( t−2 ) }−3 L {t 2 u ( t−2 ) }+ 4 L {t 3 u ( t−2 ) }…(1)

{ } { } { }
−2 s
e 1 2 −2 s 2 4 4 −2 s 6 12 12 8
L { f ( t ) }=
−2 s
+2e 2
+ −3 e 3
+ 2 + +4 e 4
+ 3+ 2+
s s s s s s s s s s

L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 1 2 4 6 12 12 24 48 48 32
+ + − − − + + + +
s s 2 s s3 s 2 s s 4 s 3 s 2 s }
L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 1 4 12 32 2 12 48 6 48 24
+ − + + − + − + +
s s s s s2 s 2 s2 s3 s 3 s 4 }
L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 25 38 42 24
+ + +
s s 2 s3 s 4 }
L { f ( t ) }=e−2 s
{ 25 38 42 24
+ + +
s s 2 s3 s 4 }
Question 1 Express f (t ) as unit step function and find its
Laplace Transform

{
π
0 ,∧0< t<
f ( t )= 2
π
cos t ,∧t >
2

Solution 1 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as

{
f ( t )=0 u ( t−0 ) −u t− ( π2 )}+ cos t u( t− π2 )
f ( t )=cos t u t− ( π2 )………..(1)
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

{
L { f ( t ) }=L cos t u t− ( π2 )}
We Know that
L { g(t) u ( t −a ) } =e L { g(t +a) }
−as
 π
Here a= 2

Applying the formula in above expression

{ ( )} { }……………………………(1)
−πs
π 2 π
L g( t)u t− =e L g (t+ )
2 2

Here g ( t )=cos t

π
Replacing t by t+ 2 in above expression

( π2 )=cos (t + π2 )
g t+

But cos (t+ 2 )=cos ( t ) cos ( 2 )−sin (t ) sin ( 2 )

π π π

cos (t+ )=cos ( t )( 0 )−sin ( t )( 1 )

π
2

g (t + )=cos (t + )=−sin t
π π
2 2

Put in (1)

{ ( )} { }……………………………(1)
−πs
π 2 π
L g( t)u t− =e L g (t+ )
2 2

{ ( )} L {−sin t }
−πs
π 2
L g( t)u t− =e
2

{ 2 }
−πs
L g( t)u (t− ) =−e L { sin t }
π 2

{ 2 }
−πs
L g( t)u (t− ) =−e
π 1 2
2
s +1
− πs

{
L g(t)u t−( )}
π
2
−e 2
= 2
s +1

Question 2 Express f (t ) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform
 {
2 ,∧0 <t<1
f ( t )= t 2 π
, 1<t<
2 2

Solution 2 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as

f ( t )=2 { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−1 ) } +

t2
2 { ( )}
u ( t−1 )−u t−
π
2

2 { 2
2 }
f ( t )=2 { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−1 ) } + t u ( t−1 ) −t u (t− )
1 π 2

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

1
{
L { f ( t ) }=2 L { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−1 ) } + L t u ( t−1 ) −t u t−
2
2 2 π
2 ( )}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
1
2
2 1
L { f ( t ) }=2 L { u ( t−0 ) }−2 L { u ( t−1 ) } + L {t u (t−1 ) }− L t u t−
2
2 π
2
.(1)
{ ( )}
We know that L {f n ( t ) u ( t−a ) }=e L { f n (t+ a) }
−as

Now consider L {f 1 ( t ) }=L {(1)u ( t −0 ) }

Here a=0 and f 1 ( t )=1, f 1 ( t +a ) =1, f 1 ( t +0 )=1

Applying the formula in above expression

L {f 1 ( t ) u ( t−0 ) }=e L { f 1(t+0) }
−0 s

L {f 1 ( t ) u ( t−0 ) }=e L {1 }
0

1
L {f 1 ( t ) u ( t−0 ) }=e
0
s
1
L {f 1 ( t ) u ( t−0 ) }=
s
……………………………………….(2)
L {f 2 ( t ) }=L {(1)u ( t−1 ) }

Here a=1 and f 2 ( t )=1, f 2 ( t +1 )=1

Applying the formula in above expression
L {f 2 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e L { f 2 (t +1) }
−s

L {f 2 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e L {1 }
−s

−s
e ……………………………………….(3)
L {f 2 ( t ) u ( t−0 ) }=
s

Now consider L {f 3 ( t ) u (t−a)}=L {t 2 u ( t−1 ) }

Here a=1 and f 3 ( t )=t
2
, 2 2
f 3 ( t +1 )=(t+1) =t + 2t +1

Applying the formula in above expression

L {f 3 ( t ) u ( t−a ) }=e L { f 3 (t+ a) }
−as

L {f 3 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e L { f 3 (t +1) }

−s

L {f 3 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e−s L { t 2 +2 t+1 }

As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of

above expression:
L {f 3 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e−s L { t 2 } +2 e−s L {t } +e−s L { 1 }

L {f 3 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e−s
{ 2 2 1
+ +
s3 s 2 s }……………………….(4)
} { ( )} π
Now consider L {f 4 ( t ) u(t−a) =L 2
t u t−
2

( )
2 2
π π π π
Here and ,
2 2
a= f 4 ( t )=t f 4 t + =(t+ ) =t + π t +
2 2 2 4

Applying the formula in above expression

L {f 4 ( t ) u ( t−a ) }=e L { f 4 (t+ a) }
−as

{ } L {f (t+ ) }
−πs

(
L f 4 ( t ) u t− )π
2
=e
π
2
2
4

L f ( t ) u ( t− ) =e L {t + π t + }
{ 2 }
−πs 2
π 2π 2
4
4

{ }……………………….(5)
−πs 2
2 π 1π
L {f 4 ( t ) u ( t−1 ) }=e 2
3
+ 2+
s s s 4
Putting (2) to (5) in (1)
1
L { f ( t ) }=2 L { u ( t−0 )−u ( t−1 ) } + L t u ( t−1 ) −t u t−
2
2 2 π
2 { ( )}
− πs

{ } { }
−s −s
2 2e e 2 2 1 e 2
2 π π2
L { f ( t ) }= − + + 2+ − + 2+
s s 2 s s s
3
2 s s 4s
3

−πs

{ } { }
−s 2 2
2 e 2 2 1 e 2 π π
L { f ( t ) }= + + − − + 2+
s 2 s 3 s2 s 2 s s 4s
3

Question 3 Express f (t ) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= sin 2 t ,∧2 π <t <4 π
0 ,∧otherwise

Solution 3 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=sin 2 t {u ( t−2 π )−u ( t−4 π ) }
f ( t )= { sin 2t u ( t−2 π )−sin 2 t u ( t−4 π ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { sin 2 t u ( t−2 π ) −sin 2t u (t−4 π ) }
L { f ( t ) }=L { sin 2 t u ( t−2 π ) }−L { sin 2t u ( t−4 π ) }

We know that L { f (t )u ( t −a ) }=e L { f (t+a) }

−as

Applying the formula

L { f ( t ) }=e L { sin 2(t+2 π ) }−e L { sin 2(t +4 π ) }
−2 π s −4 π s

L { f ( t ) }=e L { sin(2 t+ 4 π ) }−e L { sin(2 t +8 π ) }

−2 π s −4 π s

L { f ( t ) }=e L { sin(2 t) }−e L {sin (2 t) }

−2 π s −4 π s

L { f ( t ) }= { e−2 π s−e−4 π s } L { sin(2 t) }

L { f ( t ) }= { e
−2 π s
−e
−4 π s
} ( s 2+ 4 )
2
Question 4 Express f (t ) as unit step function and find its
Laplace Transform

{
f ( t )= k ,∧1<t< 4
−k ,∧4 <t< 6

Solution 4 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=k { u ( t−1 )−u ( t−4 ) }−k { u (t−4 )−u ( t−6 ) }
f ( t )= { ku ( t−1 )−ku ( t−4 ) }−{ ku ( t−4 )−ku ( t−6 ) }
f ( t )= { ku ( t−1 )−ku ( t−4 )−ku ( t−4 ) + ku ( t−6 ) }
f ( t )= { ku ( t−1 )−2 ku ( t−4 ) + ku ( t−6 ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=k L { u ( t−1 ) }−2k L { u ( t−4 ) } +k L { u ( t−6 ) }
−as
e
We know that L { u(t−a) } =
s
−s −4 s −6 s
ke 2 ke ke
L { f ( t ) }= − +
s s s
−s
ke {1−2 e−3 s +e−5 s }
L { f ( t ) }=
s

Question 5 Express f (t ) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform

{
cos t , 0<t < π
f ( t )= cos 2 t , π <t <2 π
cos 3 t , t> 2 π

Solution 5 Expressing the function f (t ) in terms of unit step

function as
f ( t )=cos t { u ( t−0 ) −u ( t−π ) }+ cos 2 t { u ( t−π )−u ( t−2 π ) } +cos 3 t ¿
f ( t )= { cos t u ( t−0 ) −cos t u ( t−π ) } + { cos 2 t u ( t−π )−cos 2 t u ( t−2 π ) } +¿
f ( t )= { cos t u ( t ) } + { ( cos 2 t−cos t ) u ( t−π ) }+ { ( cos 3 t−cos 2 t ) u ( t−2 π ) }

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

L { f ( t ) }=L { cos t u (t ) } + L { ( cos 2 t−cos t ) u ( t−π ) }+ L {( cos 3 t−cos 2 t ) u ( t−2 π ) }

We know that L { f (t )u ( t −a ) }=e L { f (t+a) }

−as

Applying the formula

L { f ( t ) }=e L {cos t }+ e
0 −π s
L¿
L { f ( t ) }=L { cos t } +e
−π s
L¿
L { f ( t ) }=L { cos t } +e
−π s
L¿

L { f ( t ) }=
( ) {
s
s +1
2
+e
−π s
2
s
+ 2
s +4 s +1
s
+e
−2 π s
2 }
s
− 2
s +9 s +4
s
{ }