Teachers' Copy

Test Name: Metals and

Board: CBSE Standard: 10th Subject: Science
non metals
Time: 120 Minutes Marks: 69

Attempt all questions.

1: Listed here is the reactivity of certain metals.

Metal Reaction with air Reaction with water Reaction with dilute
acids
Gold Does not oxidise or bum No reaction No reaction
Sodium Burns vigorously to form Violent reaction Violent reaction
an oxide
Zinc Bums to form an oxide Reacts on heating Reacts to produce
hydrogen
Platinum No reaction Does not dissolve or No reaction
react

From the list above, identify the metal(s) that are likely to be found in a pure state in the
Earth’s crust.

Gold and Platinum

2: Identify the products formed when 1 mL of dil. hydrochloric acid is added to 1g of Sodium metal?

Sodium chloride and Hydrogen gas

3: A non-metal X exist in two different forms Y and Z. Y is the hardest natural substance, whereas Z
is good conductor of electricity. Identify X, Y and Z.

X is carbon, Y is diamond as it is the hardest natural substance and Z is graphite as it is good conductor of
electricity

4: Choose the amphoteric oxides amongst the following: Na2O, ZnO, Al2O3, CO2, H2O

ZnO and Al2O3

5: Keerti added dilute Hydrochloric acid to four metals and recorded her observations as
shown in the table given below:

Metal Gas Evolved

Copper Yes
Iron Yes
Magnesium No
Zinc Yes

Select the correct observation(s) and give chemical equation(s) of the reaction involved.

Cu do not react with dil. hydrochloric acid as it is present below the hydrogen in reactivity series.
Iron, magnesium and zinc will react with dil hydrochloric acid as they are more reactive than
hydrogen, e.g.,
 Fe + HCl → FeCl2 + H2 ↑

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑
6: The blue-coloured solution of the sulphate salt of metal W is taken in a beaker. Metal
powders X, Y and Z are added one after the other to the beaker. The colour changes
occurring in the solution are shown below.
Metal X Metal Y Mtal Z

W-SO4 −−−−→ Colourless −−−−→ Pink −−−

− → Green
Blue solution Solution solution solution

State what colour change, if any, will occur if metal X is again added to the green solution in
the beaker. Explain why?

No colour change will occur.

Metal X is less reactive than metal Z.
OR
Metal X is present below the metal Z in the activity series.

7: The following observations were made by a student on treating four metals P, Q, R and S with the given
salt solutions:

Sample MgSO4 (aq) Zn(NO3)2 (aq) CaSO4 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq)

P No reaction Reaction occurs Reaction occurs No reaction
Q Reaction occurs Reaction occurs Reaction occurs Reaction occurs
R No reaction Reaction occurs No reaction No reaction
S No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction

Based on the above observations:

(a) Arrange the given samples in the increasing order of reactivity.

(b) Write the chemical formulae of products formed when Q reacts with CuSO4 solution.

(a) S>R>P>Q
(b) Cu and QSO4

8: Silver articles become black when kept in open for some time, whereas copper vessels lose their shiny
brown surfaces and gain a green coat when kept in open. Name the substances present in air with
which these metals react and write the name of the products formed.
Silver Sulphur in air Silver sulphide
Copper Moisture and carbon dioxide Copper carbonate

Detailed Answer:
Silver articles become black when kept in open for some time, whereas copper vessel loses their shiny brown
surfaces and gain a green coat when kept in open because silver articles react with sulphur compounds such as
hydrogen sulphide present in the air to form black silver sulphide (Ag2S) whereas copper reacts slowly with
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water present in the air to form a green coating of a mixture of copper carbonate and
copper hydroxide.

9: Give reasons:
(a) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
(b) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal; still it is widely used in making cooking utensils.

(a) It is easier to obtain a metal from its oxide as compared to sulphide and carbonate ore.
(b) Aluminium forms a thicker protective oxide layer.

10: During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, the following observations were made
by a student.
 (a) Silver does not show any change.
(b) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead is reacted with the acid.
(c) The reaction of sodium is found to be highly explosive.
(d) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium is added to the acid.

Explain these observations giving appropriate reason.

(a) Silver is placed below hydrogen in reactivity series / among least reactive metal / Silver does not react with
dil. hydrochloric acid.
(b) Rate of reaction is slow / bubbles of hydrogen gas are formed / lead lies above hydrogen in reactivity
series.
(c) Sodium is highly reactive / reaction is highly exothermic, evolving hydrogen gas, which catches fire.
(d) Reaction is exothermic.
Detailed Answer :
(a) As silver is placed below hydrogen in reactivity series thus is less reactive. It does not react with dilute
hydrochloric acid.
(b) Bubbles are seen due to the evolution of hydrogen gas.
Pb(s) + 2HCl (aq) → PbCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(c) As sodium is highly reactive metal, it reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid vigorously with evolution of heat.
(d) The reaction between aluminium with dilute hydrochloric acid is exothermic thus, the temperature of the
mixture rises on the addition of aluminium.
11: What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example. Write balanced chemical equations to justify
your answer.

Amphoteric oxides: Metal oxides showing both acidic and basic nature.
Example: Al2O3 / ZnO (or any other)
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O
Detailed Answer :
Oxides of metals which have both acidic as well as basic behaviour are known as amphoteric oxides. Examples
are aluminium oxide and zinc oxide. ZnO reacts with hydrochloric acid (acid) to form zinc chloride (salt) and
water thus acting as basic oxide.
ZnO (s)+ 2 HCl (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
Zinc Hydrochloric Zinc Water
oxide acid (Acid) chloride (Salt)
ZnO reacts with sodium hydroxide (base) to form sodium zincate (salt) and water thus, acting as acidic oxide.
ZnO (S) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na 2ZnO2 (aq) + H2O (l)
Zinc Sodium Sodium zincate Water
oxide hydroxide (Base) (Salt)

12: You are given samples of three metals: Sodium, magnesium and copper. Suggest any two activities to
arrange them in order to their decreasing reactivity.

Different metals react with oxygen at different rates. e.g., Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) catch fire, if left in
open. Hence, these are the most reactive metals. To prevent accidental fires, these metals are kept immersed in
kerosene oil. Magnesium burns in air only by heating. So, it is less reactive than sodium and potassium.
Copper (Cu) does not burn on heating but blister copper burns. Hence, the order of reactivity of these metals
with oxygen is:
Na > Mg > Cu.
Metals react with water to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen gas. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) react
violently with cold water. So the reaction is violent and exothermic. Magnesium (Mg) does not react with cold
water. It reacts with hot water. Metals like lead, copper, silver do not react with water at all. The reactivity
series of metals towards water is:
Na > Mg > Cu.

13: State reason for the following:

(i) Non-metals cannot displace hydrogen from the acids.
(ii) Hydrogen is not a metal, yet it is placed in the activity series of metals.
(iii) Aluminium is more reactive than iron, yet its corrosion is less than that of iron.

(i) Non-metals are electron acceptors, they cannot supply electrons so as to convert H+ ion to H2(g).
(ii) Like metals, hydrogen can lose an electron to form positive H+ ion.
(iii) Aluminium reacts with oxygen in atmosphere and forms a strong protective layer of oxide which protects
the metal from further corrosion.
14: A metal ‘M’ is stored under kerosene. It vigorously catches fire, if a small piece of this metal is
kept open in air. Dissolution of this metal in water releases great amount of energy and the
metal catches fire. The solution so formed turns red litmus blue.
(a) Name the metal ‘M’.
(b) Write formula of the compound formed when this metal is exposed to air.
(c) Why is metal ‘M’ stored under kerosene ?
(d) If oxide of this metal is treated with hydrochloric acid, what would be the products?
(e) Write balanced equations for:
(i) Reaction of ‘M’ with air.
(ii) Reaction of ’M’ with water.
(iii) Reaction of metal oxide with hydrochloric acid.

(a) Sodium
(b) Na2O
(c) It catches fire, if kept in open
(d) NaCl and H2O
(e) (i) 4M + O2 → 2M2O
(ii) 2M + 2H2O → 2MOH + H2 + Heat energy.
(iii) M2O + 2HCl → 2MCl + H2O
Detailed Answer :
(a) Metal M is sodium (Na).
(b) Formula of the compound formed is Na2O.
(c) Metals like sodium and potassium react with oxygen so fast that they can catch fire if kept open. Since, they
are most reactive metals; they are always kept immersed in kerosene oil to prevent accidental fire.
(d) Sodium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride and water.
(e) (i) Reaction with air:
4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
(ii) Reaction with water:
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + heat energy
(iii) Reaction of sodium oxide with HCl:
Na2O(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

15: (a) List in tabular form any three chemical properties on the basis of which metals and nonmetals are
differentiated.

(b) State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron

(a)

S. No. Metals Non-Metals

Lose electrons to form positive ions, are Gain electrons to form negative
1
electropositive in nature. ions are electronegative in nature.
React with dilute acids to liberate
2 Do not react with dilute acids .
hydrogen gas.
3 Generally metal oxides are basic in nature. Generally nonmetal oxides are acidic in nature.

(b) (i) Painting

(ii) Oiling
(iii) Galvanization
(iv) Alloying (or any other)

16: (a) Describe an activity to show that metals are good conductor of electricity.
(b) Account for the following:
(i) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid.
(ii) For storing sodium metal it is kept immersed in kerosene.
(iii) The reaction of iron oxide with Aluminium.

(a) Activity:
1. Set up an electric circuit.
 2. Place the metal to be tested in the circuit between terminals A and B.
3. We find that the bulb glows. This shows that metal is good conductor of electricity.
(b)
1. This is because the hydrogen gas first evolved reacts with HNO3 to produce oxides of nitrogen.

2. We cannot store it under water because sodium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas.
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
3. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe + Heat This is exothermic reaction. The molten iron is used to join cracked
iron parts of machine.
17: Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in solid state but conduct electricity in molten
and aqueous state?

Ionic compound do not conduct electricity in solid state due to absence of free ions but they conduct electricity
in molten and aqueous state due to presence of free ions.

18: In nature, Aluminium is found in combine state whereas silver, gold is found in free state. Give reason.

Aluminium is reactive metal while silver and gold are unreactive metals.

19: Why carbon is not considered as a good reducing agent while reducing alumina?

Because aluminium has greater affinity for oxygen than for carbon, therefore carbon cannot reduce alumina
(Al2O3) to aluminium

20: What kind of compound are called ionic compound?

Compounds formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to other are called ionic compound.

21: Why are the heating elements of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure
metal?

Due to high resistivity of alloys rather than its constituting metals.

Detailed Answer :
Because the resistivity of an alloy is higher than a pure metal. Also, alloys do not melt easily at
high temperatures.

22: Read the following Statements.

(P) Stainless steel does not rust.
(Q) Iron, nickel and chromium form an alloy.
Does Statement (Q) present a valid explanation for Statement (P)? Justify your answer.

Yes, it does.
Since alloying can change the properties of a metal.

23: Name a metal of medium reactivity and write three main steps in the extraction of this metal from
its sulphide ore.

(i) Iron / Zinc / Lead (Any one)

(ii) Concentration of ore/Enrichment of ore
(iii) Roasting / conversion of sulphide into oxide on heating in air
(iv) Reduction of metallic oxide to metal

24: Give reasons for the following observations:

(i) Ionic compounds in general have high melting and boiling points.
(ii) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by heating them with carbon.

(i) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to strong force of attraction between oppositely
charged ions.
(ii) It is because these metal, themselves are strong reducing agents. Therefore, cannot be reduced by reducing
agent like carbon.
25: A teacher asks her students to identify a metal, M.
She gives them the following clues to help them.
(P) Its oxide reacts with both HCl and NaOH.
(Q) It does not react with hot or cold water but reacts with steam.
(R) It can be extracted by electrolysis of its ore.
(a) Identify the metal.
(b) Write the chemical equations for the reaction of the metal with HCl and NaOH
respectively.
(c) What would happen if the metal is reacted with iron oxide?

(a) Aluminium
(b) Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

(c) It would displace iron to form aluminium oxide.

26: (a) Explain the formation of Calcium Chloride with the help of electron dot structure. (At numbers: Ca
= 20; Cl = 17)
(b) Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in solid state but conduct electricity in molten and
aqueous state?

(a) Z E.C.
Ca = 20 2 8 8 2
Cl = 17 2 8 7

(b)lonic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state due to absence of free ions but they conduct
electricity in molten and aqueous state due to presence of free ions

27: An ore on treatment with dil. HCl gives the smell of rotten egg. Name the type of this ore. How can the
metal be obtained from its concentrated ore?

The gas which smells like that of rotten eggs is H2S. Hence, the ore is a sulphide ore.
It is concentrated by froth-floatation process. The metal is obtained from the concentrated ore in the following
two steps:
(i) Roasting: Heating the ore strongly in the presence of air. The metal sulphide is converted into metal oxide
along with evolution of sulphur dioxide gas.
Heat

2ZnS(s) + 3O2 −−→ 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

(ii) Reduction with carbon: On heating the metal oxide with carbon, it is reduced to free metal.
ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)
OR
28: Explain the following:
(a) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound which does not conduct electricity in solid state, whereas
it conducts electricity in molten state as well as in its aqueous solution.
(b) Reactivity of aluminium decreases if it is dipped in nitric acid.
(c) Metals like calcium and magnesium are never found in their free state in nature.

(a) In molten state, due to heat the electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions are
overcome. So, ions move freely and conduct electricity. In aqueous solutions ions are free and conduct
electricity.
(b) Due to the formation of a coating of aluminium oxide / Al2O3.
(c) Reactive metals like calcium and magnesium react easily with different elements and occur in the form of
ores.
Detailed Answer:

(a) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed by ions of sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl– ). In solid state,
ions are fixed in position so no free electrons are available to conduct electricity. Whereas in molten state and
aqueous solution of sodium chloride, free electrons are available to conduct electricity.
(b) On dipping aluminium in nitric acid, a layer of aluminium oxide is formed as nitric acid is a
strong oxidizing agent. The layer of aluminium oxide prevents further reaction of aluminium due to which the
reactivity of aluminium decreases
(c) Because these metals are highly reactive and readily react with atmospheric oxygen and other gases.

29: Given below are the steps for the extraction of copper from its ore. Write the chemical equation of the
reactions involved in each case.
(a) Roasting of copper (I) sulphide
(b) Reduction of copper (I) oxide with copper (I) sulphide
(c) Electrolytic refining
Heat

(a) 2 Cu2S + 3O2 −−→ 2 Cu2O + 2SO2

Heat

(b) 2Cu2O + Cu2S −−→ 6 Cu + SO2

(c) At anode: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e–
At Cathode: Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
Detailed Answer:
(a) Roasting of copper (I) sulphide:
Heat

2 Cu2 S (s) +3O (g) −−→ 2 Cu 2O (s) + SO2 (g)

 Copper sulphide Copper oxide
(b) Reduction of copper (I) oxide from copper (I) sulphide:
Heat

2Cu O2 (s) + Cu2 S (s) −−→ 6Cu (s) +SO 2 (g)

Copper oxide Copper sulphide
(c) Electrolytic refining:
At anode: Cu(s) → Cu2+ (aq) + 2e−
At cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e− → Cu(s)
30: Three pieces of a rust free iron rod are completely coated with the following:
(i) plastic
(ii) oil paint
(iii) zinc
An identical scratch is made on each piece, thus exposing the iron. The pieces of iron are
kept exposed to moist air for 10 days and then checked for rust formation.
(a) State if rusting will be observed at the point of the scratch on the three iron pieces.
(b) Give reasons for your answer in each case.
(c) Name the process of applying a protective zinc coating to Steel or iron.

(a) (i) Rust will be seen on the plastic coated iron piece.
(ii) Rust will be seen on the painted iron piece.
(iii) No rust will be seen on the zinc coated iron piece.
(b) (ii) The iron rod is in contact with air and moisture.
(iii) Zinc is more reactive than iron and gets oxidized in preference to the iron object.
(c) Galvanization

31: (a) What is thermite process ? Where is this process used? Write balanced chemical equation for
the reaction involved.
(b) Where does the metal aluminium, used in the process, occurs in the reactivity series of metals ?
(c) Name the substances that are getting oxidised and reduced in the process.

(a)
∎ The highly exothermic displacement reaction between iron oxide and aluminum powder.
∎ It is used to join railway tracks or cracked machine parts.
∎ Fe2O3(S) + 2 Al(s) → Fe(l) + Al2O3(S) + Heat
(b)It is placed above iron/towards top in the reactivity series.
(c) Oxidized → Al.
Reduced → Fe2O3

Detailed Answer:
(a) Thermite reaction : Reaction in which iron oxide reacts with aluminium to produce molten iron. It is an
exothermic process. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(s) + Heat

The thermite reaction is used to join railway tracks or cracked machine parts. This process is called thermite
welding.
(b) As aluminium is more reactive than iron, so it is placed above iron in the reactivity series.
(c) Aluminium is getting oxidized to aluminium oxide and iron oxide is getting reduced to iron.

32: (i) Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure metals in the middle of the activity series from
their carbonate ores.
(ii) How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore ? Explain the various steps supported by
chemical equations. Draw labelled diagram for the electrolytic refining of copper.

(i) (a) Calcination, (b) Reduction, (c) Purification

(in the given sequence only)
(ii) Sulphide ore of copper is heated in air.
2Cu2S + 3O2 → 2Cu2O + 2SO2
 2Cu2O + Cu2S → 6Cu + SO
Labelled diagram of electrolytic refining of copper:

OR

33: (a) Define the terms ‘alloy’ and ‘amalgam’. Name the alloy used for welding electric wires
together. What are its constituents ?
(b) Name the constituents of the following alloys:
(i) Brass (ii) Stainless steel (iii) Bronze, State one property in each of these alloys, which is different
from its main constituents

(a) An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal, mixed in the molten
state. Amalgam is an alloy of a metal with mercury.
Solder is the alloy used for the welding of electric wires. Tin and Lead are its constituents.
(b) (i) Brass – copper and zinc
(ii) Stainless steel – Iron, carbon, nickel, chromium
(iii) Bronze – copper and tin. Brass and bronze have lower electrical conductivity than their constituents.
Stainless steel does not corrode easily as iron does.

34: Write balanced chemical equations to explain what happens, when

(a) Mercuric oxide is heated.
(b) Mixture of cuprous oxide and cuprous sulphide is heated.
(c) Aluminium is reacted with manganese dioxide.
(d) Ferric oxide is reduced with aluminium.
(e) Zinc carbonate undergoes calcination.
 Heat

(a) 2HgO −−→ 2Hg + O2

Heat

(b) 2Cu2O + 2Cu2S −−→ 6Cu + SO2

(c) 3MnO2 + 4 Al → 2Al2O3 + 3Mn + heat
Heat

(d) Fe2O3 + 2Al −−→ Al2O3 + 2Fe + heat

(e) ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2

Detailed Answer:
(a) When mercury oxide is heated strongly, it reduces to mercury metal.
Heat

2HgO −−→ 2Hg + O2

(b) When a mixture of copper oxide and copper sulphide is heated, pure copper is obtained.
2Cu2O + Cu2S → 6Cu + SO2
(c) When aluminium powder is heated with manganese dioxide, the following reaction takes place:
3MnO2(s) + 4Al(s) → 3Mn(l) + 2Al2O3(s) + heat
(d) Reaction of ferric oxide with aluminium: In this reaction, a lot of heat is produced along with molten iron.
This process of metal oxide to form metal by using aluminium powder as a reducing agent is known as
thermite reaction.
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3 (s) + Heat:

(e) Heating of carbonate ores in the limited supply of air is known as calcination. During the process, carbon
dioxide gas is released and metal oxide is obtained.
Heat

ZnCO3 −−→ ZnO + CO2

35: (a) Write electron dot structures of Ca (Atomic no. 20) and O (Atomic no. 8).
(b) Show the formation of calcium oxide by transfer of electrons.
(c) Name the ions present in this compound.
(d) List four important characteristics of this compound

(a) Ca ( atomic number 20) = 2,8,8,2

( atomic number 8) = 2,6
(b)

(c) Calcium ion , Oxide ion

(d)
∎ Solid
∎ High melting point and boiling
∎ point
∎ Soluble in water
∎ Conducts electricity in molten state

OR
36: Metal X is found in nature as its sulphide XS. It is used in the galvanisation of iron articles. Identify the
metal X. How will you convert this sulphide ore into the metal? Explain with equations.

Metal X is Zinc
The sulphide ore is first heated strongly in supply of oxygen and changed into its oxide. This process is called
roasting.
Heat

2ZnS+3O 2 −−→ 2ZnO + 2SO2

Zinc oxide is then reduced to zinc metal by heating it with carbon. This process is called reduction.
2ZnO + C → 2Zn + CO2

37: State the reason for the following:

(a) Aluminium oxide is called an amphoteric oxide.
(b) An iron strip dipped in a blue copper sulphate solution turns blue pale green solution.
(c) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when most metals react with nitric acid.
(d) Calcium does not occur in free state in nature.
(e) Sodium and potassium metals are kept immersed under kerosene

(a) As it reacts with both acids as well as bases to form salts.

(b) Iron being more reactive than copper displaces copper from copper sulphate to form green ferrous sulphate
solution.
(c) Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent. Hydrogen gas produced gets oxidised to H2O.
(d) Calcium is a very reactive metal. It reacts with the chemicals in surroundings and occurs in combined state.
(e) Sodium and potassium are highly reactive metals and react vigorously with oxygen in air and may even
catch fire. They do not react with kerosene.

38: Which one of the following structures correctly depicts the compound CaCl2?
39:

Which of the following two combinations are correct?

Metal Gas Evolved

(i) Copper Yes
(ii) Iron Yes
(iii) Magnesium Yes
(iv) Zinc Yes
(i) and (iii) (i) and (iv)
(ii) and (iii) (ii) and (iv)

40: The diagram shows the reaction between metal and dil. acid.

What is the reason for different behaviour of Mg in test tube B?

Mg reacts with dil. HCl to produce H2
Mg is lighter element than dil. HCl
gas which helps in floating
Mg reacts with dil. HCl to produce N2 gas which Mg reacts with dil. HCl to produce CO2 gas which
helps in floating helps in floating

41: A cable manufacturing unit tested few elements on the basis of their physical properties.

Properties W X Y Z
Malleable Yes No No No
Ductile Yes No No Yes
Electrical conductivity Yes Yes Yes No
Melting Point High Low Low High
 Which of the above elements were discarded for usage by the company?
W, X, Y X, Y, Z
W, X, Z W, X, Z

42: Given below are reactions involving metals P, Q, R and S and their salt solutions in water.
Metal P salt solution + Q → Metal Q salt solution + P
Metal Q salt solution + R → Metal R salt solution + Q
Metal S salt solution + Q → Metal Q salt solution + S
Metal P salt solution + S → No reaction
Which metal is the MOST reactive ?
P Q
R S

43: The compound obtained on reaction of iron with steam is/are :

Fe0O3 Fe3O4

FeO Fe2O3 and Fe3O4

44: Which of the following are not ionic compounds?

(i) KCl

(ii) HCl
(iii) CCl4

(iv) NaCl
(i) and (ii) (ii) and (iii)
(iii) and (iv) (i) and (iii)

45: Metals are refined by using different methods. Which of the following metals are refined by electrolytic
refining?

(i) Au

(ii) Cu
(iii) Na

(iv) K
(i) and (ii) (i) and (iii)
(ii) and (iii) (iii) and (iv)

46: Which one of the following properties is not generally exhibited by ionic compounds?
Solubility in water Electrical conductivity in solid state
High melting and boiling points Electrical conductivity in molten state

47: Assertion (A): Metals are sonorous.

Reason (R): They are generally brittle in the solid state; they break into pieces when hammered.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of (A). correct explanation of (A).
(A) is true but (R) is false. (A) is false and (R) is true.

48: Assertion (A): Gas bubbles are observed when sodium carbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric acid.
Reason (R): Carbon dioxide is given off in the reaction.
 Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of (A). correct explanation of (A)
(A) is true but (R) is false. (A) is false and (R) is true.

49: Assertion (A): Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide.

Reason (R): Aluminium when heated in air form aluminium oxide, which show both acidic and
basic behaviour.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of (A). correct explanation of (A).
(A) is true but (R) is false (A) is false and (R) is true.

50: Assertion (A): A mineral is called ore, when metal is extracted from it conveniently and economically.

Reason (R): All ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of (A). correct explanation of (A).
(A) is true but (R) is false. (A) is false and (R) is true.

51: Assertion (A): Usually the sulphide ore is converted to oxide before reduction.
Reason (R): Reduction of oxides occurs easier.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of (A) correct explanation of (A).
(A) is true but (R) is false. (A) is false and (R) is true

52: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. During the process, the
impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. The solution of the
metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from
the anode dissolves from the electrolyte. An equivalent of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited
on the cathode.

The anode is ___________ and the reaction at the anode is _________.

negative, oxidation negative, reduction
positive, oxidation positive, reduction

53: A student took four metals P, Q, R and S and carried out different experiments to study the
properties of metals. Some of the observations were:
• All metals could not be cut with knife except metal R.
• Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide M2O3 which reacted with both acids and
bases.
• Reaction with water.
P – Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with steam.
Q – Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating.
R – Reaction violently with cold water.
S – Did not react with water at all.
Based on the above observations answer the following:

Out of the given metals, the one which needs to be stored using kerosene is:
P R
S Q
54: A student took four metals P, Q, R and S and carried out different experiments to study the
properties of metals. Some of the observations were:
• All metals could not be cut with knife except metal R.
• Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide M2O3 which reacted with both acids and
bases.
• Reaction with water.
P – Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with steam.
Q – Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating.
R – Reaction violently with cold water.
S – Did not react with water at all.
Based on the above observations answer the following:

Out of the given metals, the metal Q is:

Iron Zinc
Potassium Magnesium

55: A student took four metals P, Q, R and S and carried out different experiments to study the
properties of metals. Some of the observations were:
• All metals could not be cut with knife except metal R.
• Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide M2O3 which reacted with both acids and
bases.
• Reaction with water.
P – Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with steam.
Q – Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating.
R – Reaction violently with cold water.
S – Did not react with water at all.
Based on the above observations answer the following:

Metal which forms amphoteric oxides is:

P Q
R S

56: A student took four metals P, Q, R and S and carried out different experiments to study the
properties of metals. Some of the observations were:
• All metals could not be cut with knife except metal R.
• Metal P combined with oxygen to form an oxide M2O3 which reacted with both acids and
bases.
• Reaction with water.
P – Did not react either with cold or hot water but reacted with steam.
Q – Reacted with hot water and the metal started floating.
R – Reaction violently with cold water.
S – Did not react with water at all.
Based on the above observations answer the following:

The increasing order of the reactivity of the four metals is:

P<Q<R<S S<R<Q<P
S<P<Q<R P<R<Q<S

57: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. During the process, the
impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. The solution of the
 metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from
the anode dissolves from the electrolyte. An equivalent of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited
on the cathode.

The process of purification of the metal obtained after reduction, is called:

Extraction Refining
Froth floatation Electrolysis

58: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. During the process, the
impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. The solution of the
metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from
the anode dissolves from the electrolyte. An equivalent of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited
on the cathode.

Which of the metals are refined by electrolytic refining?

(i) Au
(ii) Cu
(iii) Na
(iv) K
(i) and (ii) (i) and (iii)
(ii) and (iii) (ii) and (iv)

59: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. During the process, the
impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. The solution of the
metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from
the anode dissolves from the electrolyte. An equivalent of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited
on the cathode.

During electrolytic refining of zinc, it gets

deposited on cathode. deposited on anode.
deposited on cathode as well as anode. remains in the solution.

60: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. During the process, the
impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. The solution of the
metal salt is used as an electrolyte. On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from
the anode dissolves from the electrolyte. An equivalent of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited
on the cathode.

In electrolytic refining of copper, impure copper act as __________and pure copper as __________:
cathode , anode cathode, electrolyte
anode , cathode electrolyte, cathode
61: Two students decided to investigate the effect of water and air on iron object under identical
experimental conditions. They measured the mass of each object before placing it partially
immersed in 10 mL of water. After a few days, the object were removed, dried and their
masses were measured.

The table shows their results.

Student Object Mass of Mass of

Object
 before the coated
Rusting in object in g
g
A Nail 3.0 3.15
B Thin plate 6.0 6.33

In another set up the students coated iron nails with zinc metal and noted that, iron nails
coated with zinc prevents rusting. They also observed that zinc initially acts as a physical
barrier, but an extra advantage of using zinc is that it continues to prevent rusting even if the
layer of zinc is damaged. Name this process of rust prevention and give any two other
methods to prevent rusting.

Galvanisation
Oiling/ greasing/ painting/ alloying/ chromium plating or any other.
62: Two students decided to investigate the effect of water and air on iron object under identical
experimental conditions. They measured the mass of each object before placing it partially
immersed in 10 mL of water. After a few days, the object were removed, dried and their
masses were measured.

The table shows their results.

Student Object Mass of Mass of

Object
before the coated
Rusting in object in g
g
A Nail 3.0 3.15
B Thin plate 6.0 6.33

In which of the following applications of Iron, rusting will occur most? Support your answer
with valid reason.

(A) Iron bucket electroplated with Zinc.

(B) Electricity cables having iron wires covered with aluminium.
(C) Iron hinges on a gate.
(D) Painted iron fence.

Iron hinges on a gate.

Iron is in contact with atmospheric oxygen and moisture/ water vapour.

63: Reena immersed a zinc plate in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. She noticed a thick
layer of copper on the surface of the zinc plate after an hour.
 What is the formula of the colourless solution formed after the reaction?
Competency: Interpreting Data and Evidence Scientifically

The formula of the colourless solution formed after the reaction is CuSO4. Zinc is more reactive than
copper, therefore, it displaces copper from aqueous copper sulphate solution. During the process,
the blue colour CuSO4 changes to a colourless ZnSO4 solution.
The chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
64: Reena immersed a zinc plate in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. She noticed a thick
layer of copper on the surface of the zinc plate after an hour.

What should Reena have done to make the reaction faster?

Competency: Evaluating and Designing Scientific Enquiry

Reena should use pieces of small zinc flakes to make the reaction faster. This is because one of the
factors that control the rate of reaction is the size of the particles. The smaller the particles, the faster
are the reaction.

65: Reena immersed a zinc plate in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. She noticed a thick
layer of copper on the surface of the zinc plate after an hour.

No reaction takes place when a copper plate is immersed in an aqueous solution of zinc
sulphate.
Explain the reason behind this.
Competency: Explaining Phenomena Scientifically

No reaction takes place as copper is less reactive than zinc.

66: Reena immersed a zinc plate in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. She noticed a thick
layer of copper on the surface of the zinc plate after an hour.

Silver and copper lose their shine when they are exposed to air. Name the substance formed
on their surface in each case.
 These metals get corroded. Silver forms black Ag2S (silver sulphide) and copper form greenish layer
of basic copper carbonate CuCO3. Cu(OH)2
67: Two students decided to investigate the effect of water and air on iron object under identical
experimental conditions. They measured the mass of each object before placing it partially
immersed in 10 mL of water. After a few days, the object were removed, dried and their
masses were measured.

The table shows their results.

Student Object Mass of Mass of

Object
before the coated
Rusting in object in g
g
A Nail 3.0 3.15
B Thin plate 6.0 6.33

What might be the reason for the varied observations of the two students?

Rusting occurs in both A and B so there is an increase in mass.

As the surface area of B is more, extent of rusting is more.