c.

Stomach: contains acid and muscular walls contract and churn the
Grade 9: Life Sciences 2020 contents. This breaks up the food into even smaller parts so that
Body Systems enzymes can begin breaking it down. The mixture of acid and partially
____________________________________________________________ digested food that passes to the small intestine is called chyme.
Enzyme: protein which speeds up chemical reactions. The alimentary
 Digestive system tract secretes different enzymes at different locations to help break
down food.
Function:
d. Small intestine: Intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices with
 Breaks down food into dissolved nutrients.
enzymes. It is lined with thousands of villi that absorb nutrients.
 Which is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to cells
e. Large intestine: absorbs water from the waste. Waste becomes more
throughout the body.
compact to form stool or faeces. Mucous glands in the large intestine
 E.G. Glucose nourishes the body
secrete mucous that makes the stool smooth and easily excreted.
 Main processes: write down the definition of the words 1 – 4 below Stores waste before it is egested.
(pg. 20 in textbook)/from the powerpoint. f. Rectum: stools stored temporally before it is excreted.
1. Ingestion g. Anus: end opening of the digestive system through which wastes are
egested.
2. Digestion
2. Accessory organs
3. Absorption a. Liver: largest glad in the body which secretes the digestive fluid called
bile.
4. Egestion b. Gall bladder: the gall bladder stores the bile produced in the liver.
c. Pancreas: releases pancreatic juice into small intestine to help
 Structure: see diagrams on the next page. neutralize acid chyme.
d. Teeth: physically breaks food into smaller pieces through biting,
The organs of the digestive system can be divided into two groups; the chewing and grinding.
alimentary or gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs. e. Tongue: assists in moving food between the teeth, mashing food and
mixing food and saliva to form the bolus*.
1. Alimentary tract f. Salivary glands: secretes saliva which contains digestive enzymes*.
a. Mouth: where ingestion takes place. Teeth and tongue crush and Also assists in the formation of the bolus.
mash the food. Tongue also helps to mix food and saliva and to
swallow the food.  Types of digestion.
b. Oesophagus: the walls are made up of muscles which contract and
relax rhythmically to push food through the alimentary tract. This Tabulated below are the two types of digestion. Ensure that you write down
movement is called peristalsis. any extra notes from the powerpoint.
 Organ Mechanical Digestion  The villi contain blood vessels which absorb the nutrients.
Mouth Chewing (bolus) * Copy the diagram of the villi from the board into your notebook.

 Health issues: copy this from the board.

Oesophagus Peristalsis  Ulcers: Obesity:
 Diabetes: Anorexia nervosa:
Stomach Churning  Constipation: Diarrhea:
 Liver cirrhosis:

Small intestine Peristalsis

Bile

Large intestine Peristalsis

Organ Chemical Digestion

Mouth Enzyme salivary amylase

Stomach Hydrochloric acid (digestive juice) and various enzymes

Small Intestinal juices and pancreatic juices contain various enzymes which
intestine chemically break down the food.

 Absorption
 Once food has been digested it is absorbed into the bloodstream.
 The walls of the small intestine are covered by many small finger-like
projections called villi…increases surface area!