“Smart Water Quality Monitoring System”
A
Project Synopsis of Major Project submitted in fulfilment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
by
Student Name Roll No.
Jhalak Choudhary 2100223
Vivek Bhatt 2100256
Nitin Pant 2220203
Anshika Singh 2100212
Rahul Bisht 2220205
under the guidance of
Mr Ashwini Kumar Saini
(Assistant Professor)
Department Of Computer Science & Engineering
G.B Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri , UK
Session: 2024-2025
ABSTRACT
Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are used in different area
of research for monitoring, collecting and analysis data from remote locations. Due to the vast
increase in global industrial output, rural to urban drift and the over-utilization of land and sea
resources, the quality of water available to people has deteriorated greatly. The high use of fertilizers
in farms and also other chemicals in sectors such as mining and construction have contributed
immensely to the overall reduction of water quality globally. Water is an essential need for human
survival and therefore there must be mechanisms put in place to vigorously test the quality of water
that made available for drinking in town and city articulated supplies and as well as the rivers,
creeks and shoreline that surround our towns and cities. The availability of good quality water is
paramount in preventing outbreaks of water-borne diseases as well as improving the quality of life.
In this project we present a design and development of a low cost system for real time monitoring
of the water quality in IOT(internet of things).The system consist of several sensors is used to
measuring physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature, PH,
turbidity, flow and TDS sensor of the water can be measured. The measured values from the sensors
can be processed by the core controller. The Arduino model can be used as a core controller. Finally,
the sensor data can be viewed on internet using WI-FI system.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No. Contents Page No
1 3
Abstract
2 Problem Statement 4
3 Introduction 5
4 Literature Review 6-7
5 System Requirement 8
6 Proposed System 9-14
7 Flowchart Representation 15
8 Feasibility study 16
9 Expected outcome 17
10 References 18
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The primary goal of the Smart Water Quality Monitoring System is to provide a real-time,
automated, and cost-effective solution for monitoring and managing water quality. This
ensures the safety, sustainability, and efficient use of water resources across various sectors.
• Ensure Water Safety
• Detect and alert users to unsafe water conditions promptly to prevent health hazards
caused by contaminated water.
• Facilitate Real-Time Monitoring
• Continuously monitor critical parameters such as pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved
oxygen, and conductivity, providing up-to-date information.
• Enable Remote Access
• Use IoT technologies to transmit data to cloud platforms, allowing users to access water
quality data remotely via mobile apps or web interfaces.
• Promote Preventive Measures
• Identify trends and anomalies in water quality to enable early intervention and avoid
severe contamination.
• Enhance Efficiency
• Replace manual sampling and laboratory testing with automated monitoring to save
time, effort, and resources.
INTRODUCTION
In the 21st century, there were lots of inventions, but at the same time were pollutions, global
warming and so on are being formed, because of this there is no safe drinking water for the
world’s pollution. Nowadays, water quality monitoring in real time faces challenges because
of global warming limited water resources, growing population, etc. Hence there is need of
developing better methodologies to monitor the water quality parameters in real time. The
water quality parameters pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions. It shows the water
is acidic or alkaline. Pure water has 7pH value, less than 7pH has acidic, more than 7pH has
alkaline. The range of pH is 0-14 pH. For drinking purpose it should be 6.5-8.5pH. Turbidity
measures the large number of suspended particles in water that is invisible. Higher the turbidity
higher the risk of diarrheoa, collera. Lower the turbidity then the water is clean. Temperature
sensor measures how the water is, hot or cold. Flow sensor measures the flow of water through
flow sensor. TDS measure the amount of solid material dissolved in a given volume of water.
The traditional methods of water quality monitor involves the manual collection of water
samples from different locations.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Nikhil Kedia entitled “Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Areas-A Sensor Cloud Based on the
Economical Project.” Published in 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation
Computing Technologies (NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India. This paper highlights theentire water
quality monitoring methods, sensors, embedded design, and information dissipation procedure,
role of government, network operator and villagers in ensuring proper information dissipation. It
also explores the Sensor Cloud domain. While automatically improving the water quality is not
feasible at this point, efficient use of technology and economic practices can help improve water
quality and awareness among people.
Jayti Bhatt,Jignesh Patoliya entitled “Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System”.This paper
describes to ensure the safe supply of drinking water the quality should be monitored in real time
for that purpose new approach IOT (Internet of Things) based water quality monitoring has been
proposed. In this paper, we present the design of IOT based water quality monitoring system that
monitor the quality of water in real time. This system consists some sensors which measure the
water quality parameter such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature. The
measured values from the sensors are processed by microcontroller and this processed values are
transmitted remotely to the core controller that is raspberry pi using Zigbee protocol. Finally,
sensors data can view on internet browser application using cloud computing.
Michal Lom, Ondrej Pribyl, Miroslav Svitek entitled “Industry 4.0 as a Part of Smart Cities”. This
paper describes the conjunction of the Smart City Initiative and the concept of Industry 4.0. The
term smart city has been a phenomenon of the last years, which is very inflected especially since
2008 when the world was hit by the financial crisis. The main reasons for the emergence of the
Smart City Initiative are to create a sustainable model for cities and preserve quality of life of
their citizens. The topic of the smart city cannot be seen only as a technical discipline, but
different economic, humanitarian or legal aspects must be involved as well. In the concept of
Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT) shall be used for the development of so–called smart
products. Sub components of the product are equipped with their own intelligence. Added
intelligence is used both during the manufacturing of a product as well as during subsequent
handling, up to continuous monitoring of the product lifecycle (smart processes). Other important
aspects of the Industry 4.0 are Internet of Services (IoS), which includes especially intelligent
transport and logistics (smart mobility, smart logistics), as well as Internet of Energy (IoE), which
determines how the natural resources are used in proper way (electricity, water, oil, etc.). IoT,
IoS, IoP and IoE can be considered as an element that can create a connection of the Smart City
Initiative.
Zhanwei Sun,Chi Harold Li,Chatschik Bisdikian,Joel W.Branch and Bo Yang entitled “QOI-
Aware Energy Management in Internet-of-Things Sensory Environments”. In this paper an
efficient energy management frame work to provide satisfactory QOI experience in IOT
sensory environments is studied. Contrary to past efforts, it is transparent and compatible to
lower protocols in use, and preserving energy-efficiency in the long run without sacrificing any
attained QOI levels. Specifically, the new concept of QOI-aware “sensor-to-task relevancy” to
explicitly consider the sensing capabilities offered by an sensor to the IOT sensory
environments, and QOI requirements required by a task. A novel concept of the “critical
covering set” of any given task in selecting the sensors to service a task over time. Energy
management decision is made dynamically at runtime, as the optimum for long-term traffic
statistics under the constraint of the service delay. Finally, an extensive case study based on
utilizing the sensor networks to perform water level monitoring is given to demonstrate the
ideas and algorithms proposed in this paper, and a simulation is made to show the performance
of the proposed algorithms.
.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Hardware Requirements
• Sensors: pH sensor, Turbidity sensor , Temperature sensor, Flow sensor, TDS sensor
• Processor/ Microcontroller: Arduino (e.g., Arduino Uno, Mega) for data
processing and communication.
• Connectivity Modules: Wi-Fi Module for wireless data transfer
(e.g., ESP8266 or ESP32).
• Power Supply: Batteries or solar panels for standalone systems.
• Display Units : LCD/LED display for real-time monitoring
• Data Storage Device: Cloud storage capability.
Software Dependencies:
• Embedded Software: Programming environment for the microcontroller (e.g., Arduino
IDE or Python for Raspberry Pi).
• Communication Protocols: MQTT, HTTP/HTTPS for data transfer and I2C, UART, or
SPI for sensor interfacing
• Data Analysis Tools: Software for data preprocessing, visualization, and analysis (e.g.,
Python libraries like Matplotlib, Pandas).
• Cloud Integration: IoT platforms like AWS IoT Core, Google Cloud IoT, or
ThingSpeak for remote monitoring.
• APIs: RESTful APIs for communication between hardware and software.
.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this, we present the theory on real time monitoring of water quality in IoT environment. The
overall block diagram of the proposed method is explained. Each and every block of the system
is explained in detail. In this proposed block diagram consist of several sensors (temperature, pH,
turbidity, flow and TDS) is connected to core controller. The core controller are accessing the
sensor values and processing them to transfer the data through internet. Ardunio is used as a core
controller. The sensor data can be viewed on the internet wi-fi system.
(a) pH sensor: The pH of a solution is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of that solution. The
pH scale is a logarithmic scale whose range is from 0-14 with a neutral point being 7. Values
above 7 indicate a basic or alkaline solution and values below 7 would indicate an acidic
solution. It operates on 5V power supply and it is easy to interface with Arduino.The normal
range of pH is 6 to 8.5.
(b) Turbidity sensor: Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. Turbidity has indicated
the degree at which the water loses its transparency. It is considered as a good measure of the
quality of water. Turbidity blocks out the light needed by submerged aquatic vegetation. It
also can raise surface water temperatures above normal because suspended particles near the
surface facilitate the absorption of heat from sunlight.
(c) Temperature sensor: Water Temperature indicates how water is hot or cold. The range of
DS18B20 temperature sensor is -55 to +125 °C. This temperature sensor is digital type which
gives accurate reading.
(d) Flow sensor : Flow sensor is used to measure the flow of water through the flow sensor. This
sensor basically consists of a plastic valve body, a rotor and a Hall Effect sensor. The pinwheel
rotor rotates when water / liquid flows through the valve and its speed will be directly
proportional to the flow rate. The Hall Effect sensor will provide an electrical pulse with every
revolution of the pinwheel rotor.
(e) TDS (Total Dissolved Solids):
Sensor measures the amount of organic and inorganic substances dissolved in water. It can be
used to indicate water quality and monitor the levels of dissolved solids in water. TDS sensors
can be used to monitor the TDS of incoming raw water and effluent water for compliance.
(f) Arduino Uno:
Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller. Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now
evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the
reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards
see the Arduino index of boards.
(g) Wifi module:
The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that
can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is capable of either
hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application
processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT command set firmware.
The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost effective board with a huge, and ever growing,
community.
SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT WITH ITS WORKING
The whole design of the system is based mainly on IOT which is newly introduced concept in the
world of development. There is basically two parts included, the first one is hardware & second
one is software. The hardware part has sensors which help to measure the real time values,
another one is arduino atmega328 converts the analog values to digital one, & LCD shows the
displays output from sensors, Wi-Fi module gives the connection between hardware and software.
In software we developed a program based on embedded c language.
The PCB is design at first level of construction and component and sensors mounted on it.
BLYNK app is installed in the android version to see the output. When the system get started dc
current given to the kit and arduino and WIFI gets on. The parameters of water is tested one but
one and their result is given to the LCD display. The app went provided with hotspot gives the
exact value as on LCD display shows on kit. Thus like this when the kit is located on any specific
water body and WIFI is provided we can observe its real time value on our android phone
anywhere at any time.
SYSTEM DESIGN OF MODEL
FLOWCHART REPRESENTATION
FEASIBILITY STUDY
1. Technical Feasibility
• Hardware: Sensors for pH, turbidity, temperature, flow, humidity are widely available and
can interface with microcontrollers like Arduino.
• Communication Modules: Affordable and reliable options like Wi-Fi (ESP8266), MQTT,
and HTTP/HTTPS are accessible for data transfer.
• Cloud Platforms: IoT cloud services (e.g., ThingSpeak, Firebase, AWS IoT) simplify data
storage and analysis.
2. Economic Feasibility
• Sensors: $100–$300 (depending on quality and number of sensors).
• Microcontroller/Processor: $50–$100.
• Communication Modules: $10–$50.
• Power Supply and Enclosure: $30–$100.
• Miscellaneous (cables, connectors, PCBs): $20–$50.
3. Operational Feasibility
• User-friendly mobile apps or web dashboards allow non-technical users to monitor data.
• Automated alerts reduce manual effort.
• Can be deployed in urban, rural, or industrial settings.
• Scalable for single or multiple monitoring points
.
EXPECTED OUTCOME
The Smart Water Quality Monitoring System is designed to deliver measurable and impactful
outcomes, ensuring effective water resource management. Below are the key expected outcomes:
1. Real-Time Monitoring
• Continuous, automated tracking of water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity,
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity.
• Instantaneous detection of anomalies or changes in water quality.
2. Improved Water Safety
• Early detection of contamination, ensuring water safety for drinking, agriculture, and
industrial use.
• Reduction in health risks caused by polluted or unsafe water.
3. Data-Driven Insights
• Collection and storage of historical water quality data for trend analysis.
• Use of predictive analytics to forecast water quality issues.
4. Cost and Time Savings
• Eliminates the need for frequent manual sampling and lab testing.
• Reduces operational costs associated with traditional water monitoring methods.
5. Automated Alerts
• Immediate notifications via SMS, email, or mobile app when water quality thresholds are
breached.
• Timely intervention to prevent severe contamination or system failures.
REFERENCES
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Technologies (NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India, 4-5 September 2015. 978-1-4673-
6809-4/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE.
2. Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh Patoliya, Iot Based Water Quality Monitoring System,
IRFIC, 21feb,2016.
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First International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and
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