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Slides Algo Select Dalgorithm Typed

The document discusses the Linear-Time Selection Algorithm, specifically the Deterministic Selection Algorithm (DSelect) for finding the ith order statistic in an array of distinct numbers. It details the steps involved in the algorithm, including choosing a pivot using the median of medians method, partitioning the array, and recursively selecting the desired statistic. The running time of DSelect is O(n), although it is noted that it may not perform as well as the randomized selection algorithm (Rselect) in practice.

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Luz E Jiménez
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17 views8 pages

Slides Algo Select Dalgorithm Typed

The document discusses the Linear-Time Selection Algorithm, specifically the Deterministic Selection Algorithm (DSelect) for finding the ith order statistic in an array of distinct numbers. It details the steps involved in the algorithm, including choosing a pivot using the median of medians method, partitioning the array, and recursively selecting the desired statistic. The running time of DSelect is O(n), although it is noted that it may not perform as well as the randomized selection algorithm (Rselect) in practice.

Uploaded by

Luz E Jiménez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear-­‐Time

 
Selec.on  
Determinis.c  
Selec.on  (Algorithm)  
Design  and  Analysis  
of  Algorithms  I  
The  Problem  
For  simplicity  
Input  :  array  A  with  n  dis.nct  numbers  and  a  number  

Output  :  ith  order  sta.s.c      (i.e.,  ith    smallest  element  of  input  array)  

Example  :  median.   3rd  order  sta.s.c  


           (  i  =  (n+1)/2    for  n  odd,  
               i  =  n/2  for  n  even  )  

Tim  Roughgarden  
Randomized  Selec.on  
Rselect  (array  A,  length  n,  order  sta.s.c  i)  

0)        if  n  =  1      return  A[1]  


1) Choose  pivot  p  from  A  uniformly  
1st  part   2nd  part      
 at  random   jth  
posi.on  
2) Par..on  A  around  p    
let  j  =  new  index  of  p  
3) If  j  =  i,    return  p  
4) If  j  >  i,    return  Rselect(1st  part  of  A,  j-­‐1,  i)  
5) [if  j<i]    return  Rselect  (2nd  part  of  A,  n-­‐j,  i-­‐j)    
Tim  Roughgarden  
Guaranteeing  a  Good  Pivot  
Recall  :  “best”  pivot  =  the  median  !  (seems  circular!)  

Goal  :  find  pivot  guaranteed  to  be  pre_y  good.  

Key  Idea  :  use  “median  of  medians”!  

Tim  Roughgarden  
A  Determinis.c  ChoosePivot  
ChoosePivot(A,n)  

-­‐-­‐  logically  break  A  into  n/5  groups  of  size  5  each  


-­‐-­‐  sort  each  group  (e.g.,  using  Merge  Sort)  
-­‐-­‐  copy  n/5  medians  (i.e.,  middle  element  of  each  sorted  group)  
       into  new  array  C  
-­‐-­‐  recursively  compute  median  of  C  (!)  
-­‐-­‐  return  this  as  pivot  

Tim  Roughgarden  
The  DSelect  Algorithm  
o o s ePi vot  
Ch
DSelect(array  A,  length  n,  order  sta.s.c  i)  
1. Break  A  into  groups  of  5,  sort  each  group  
2. C  =  the  n/5  “middle  elements”  
3. p  =  DSelect(C,n/5,n/10)      [recursively  computes  median  of  C]  
4. Par..on  A  around  p  
Same  as  
5. If  j  =  i  return  p   before    
6. If  j  <  i  return  DSelect(1st  part  of  A,  j-­‐1,  i)  
7. [else  if  j  >  i]  return  DSelect(2nd  part  of  A,  n-­‐j,  i-­‐j)  

Tim  Roughgarden  
Tem
ver

How  many  recursive  calls  does  DSelect  make?  


Running  Time  of  DSelect  
Dselect  Theorem  :  for  every  input  array  of  length  n,  
Dselect  runs  in  O(n)  .me.  

Warning  :  not  as  good  as  Rselect  in  prac.ce  

1) Worse  constraints    2)    not-­‐in-­‐place  

History  :  from  1973  


         Blum  –  Floyd  –  Pra_  –  Rivest  –  Tarjan  
           (‘95)          (‘78)                      (‘02)                (‘86)  
Tim  Roughgarden  

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