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Pain Management

The document outlines pain management guidelines from the WHO, detailing nursing interventions such as distraction, relaxation, and basic comfort measures. It also lists various medications for pain relief, including opioids and nonopioid analgesics, along with their routes and potential adverse effects. Key nonopioid options include acetaminophen and NSAIDs for mild to moderate pain relief.

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Chennah Rose Abacial
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17 views3 pages

Pain Management

The document outlines pain management guidelines from the WHO, detailing nursing interventions such as distraction, relaxation, and basic comfort measures. It also lists various medications for pain relief, including opioids and nonopioid analgesics, along with their routes and potential adverse effects. Key nonopioid options include acetaminophen and NSAIDs for mild to moderate pain relief.

Uploaded by

Chennah Rose Abacial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PAIN MANAGEMENT

GUIDELINES FROM WHO

NURSING MANAGEMENT

Intervention Examples
Distraction Describing photos, telling jokes, and playing games
Rhythmic breathing, meditation, prayer, imagery, and
Relaxation
music therapy

Proper positioning and therapeutic environment


Basic comfort
measures
Avoiding sudden movement
Reducing pain stimuli within the environment
Acupuncture and acupressure

Cutaneous Massage: 3-5 minutes offers benefits


stimulation Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
unit: A specialized stimulator placed over the area of
pain

Application of heat Heat: Examples include heating pads and warm


or cold compresses. Vasodilation increases blood flow; duration
should be 5-20 minutes based on client tolerance. Do not
apply over medication patches or implanted devices.
Cold: Examples
include cool baths
and moist, cool
compresses.
Vasoconstriction
reduces blood flow;
cold numbs nerve
sensations; duration
should be no longer
than 20 minutes. Do
not apply over
medication patches
or implanted
devices.

Mind-body therapies Biofeedback


Therapy Physical therapy

MEDICATIONS

Generic Name Trade Name(s) Route


Codeine with
Tylenol #3 PO
acetaminophen

Hydrocodone PO
Lortab, Norco,
with
Vicodin
acetaminophen

Tramadol Ultram PO
Oxycodone
Oxycodone IR &
(immediate
OxyContin (ER) PO
release and
Percocet & PO
extended
Roxicet
release)
OR
Oxycodone with
acetaminophen
Transdermal
Duragesic,
Fentanyl
Sublimaze IM
IV
PO
Hydromorphone Dilaudid
Rectal
SubQ, IM, & IV
Duramorph, MS
Contin, PO & Rectal
Morphine
Oramorph SR, SubQ, IM, & IV
& Roxanol

Nonopioid Analgesics

1. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is used to treat mild pain and fever but does not
have anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide mild to moderate
pain relief and also reduce fever and inflammation by inhibiting the
production of prostaglandins
Example: Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, Naproxen

Adverse Effects of Opioids


1. Respiratory Depression
2. Constipation
3. Nausea and Vomiting
4. Urinary Retention
5. Pruritus
6.

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