Table of Contents

Salesforce - Home ...................................................................................................................... 2

Salesforce - Overview ................................................................................................................ 2
Salesforce - Architecture ............................................................................................................ 4
Salesforce - Environment ........................................................................................................... 5
Salesforce - Sales Cloud ............................................................................................................ 6
Salesforce - Service Cloud ......................................................................................................... 7
Salesforce - Navigating Setup .................................................................................................... 8
Salesforce Objects .................................................................................................................... 11
Standard Objects .................................................................................................................. 12
Custom Objects .................................................................................................................... 15
Master Detail Relationship ................................................................................................... 18
Lookup Relationship ............................................................................................................ 22
Schema Builder .................................................................................................................... 25
Data Security ............................................................................................................................ 27
Control Access Organization ................................................................................................ 28
Control Access Objects ........................................................................................................ 31
Control Access Fields ........................................................................................................... 35
Control Access Records ....................................................................................................... 37
Create a Role Hierarchy ....................................................................................................... 39
Define Sharing Rules ........................................................................................................... 42
Process Builder ........................................................................................................................ 45
Automate Business Processes .............................................................................................. 46
Importing Data ..................................................................................................................... 48
Exporting Data ..................................................................................................................... 52
Reports ................................................................................................................................. 55
Dashboards ........................................................................................................................... 57
Using Formula Fields ........................................................................................................... 60
Visual Force ............................................................................................................................. 63
Visualforce Pages ................................................................................................................. 64
Variables & Formulas ........................................................................................................... 67
Standard Controllers............................................................................................................. 69
Records, Fields and Tables ................................................................................................... 71
Using Forms ......................................................................................................................... 74
List Controllers..................................................................................................................... 76
Static Resources ................................................................................................................... 78
Salesforce - Home
Salesforce is a leading CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software which is
served form cloud. It has more than 800 applications to support various features like
generating new leads, acquiring new leads, increasing sales and closing the deals. It is
designed to manage the organization's data focused on customer and sales details. It also
offers features to customize its inbuilt data structures and GUI to suit the specific needs of a
business. More recently, it has started offering the IOT (internet of things) connectivity to the
CRM platform.
Audience
Anyone who manages sales and customer relationship will find this software highly
useful as an end user. This tutorial will also benefit the software developers and cloud
computing enthusiasts who wish to learn customizing software for specific business needs.

Prerequisites
Knowledge of cloud computing is essential to understand the environment and its
architecture. Knowledge of databases is essential to understand how the data is stored,
retrieved and manipulated.

Salesforce - Overview
Salesforce started as a cloud based solution for CRM. CRM stands for Customer
Relationship Management. It involves managing all aspects of relationship between an
organization and its customers. For example, the contact details of the customer, the deals
that are in progress or already completed, the support requests from a customer or a new lead
from a new customer. Beyond the customer related information, it also involves storing and
managing the details of the people and the concerned department from the seller organization
that is managing the customer’s account and needs. This makes it easy to manage and
enhance the relationship with the customer and hence better growth for the organization.
Following are the different features of the Salesforce platform −
Contact Management
To view customer contact details, activity history, customer communications, and
internal account discussions, etc. In short, it manages all the data pertaining to the contact
with a customer.
Opportunity Management
It provides the details of the stage a deal is in, the products involved in the deal, the
quotation for the deal etc. In short it manages all the data that helps in identifying,
progressing and closing a deal.
Salesforce Engage
This feature is focused on making personalized contact with a customer for various
campaigns designed by the marketing team. It also provides real-time sales alerts based on
the level of engagement with a customer.
Sales Collaboration
This feature helps in quickly finding experts who can help in closing a deal based on
customer queries and feedback. In short, it helps in bringing in a collaborative effort to
engage an entire team in the deal and make the deal happen.
Sales Performance Management
It provides a metric-based goal setting, and also continuous feedback and rewards and
recognition for the sales team. This helps in enhancing the performance of the sales team.
Lead Management
This feature initiates and tracks the leads that are in progress. It also helps in
continually optimizing campaigns across every channel.
Partner Management
This feature helps in building a community with partners. It also helps in connecting
directly with channel partners to share goals, objectives, and activities.
Salesforce Mobile App
This is the mobile platform to carry out all the above activities on a mobile platform.
Workflow and Approvals
It is a visual design to automate the business processes. The interface provides simple
drag and drop options to make this design. It helps in creating a flexible approval process
with deal discounts and expense management etc.
Email Integration
Salesforce can integrate to an existing email platform. This helps in providing
flexibility to the existing team with no additional learning curve.
Files Sync and Share
This feature provides the sales team the power to easily share various files, discuss
them and update them as needed. Also receive alerts when something in the file changes.
Reports and Dashboards
Dashboards offer a real-time picture of the business at a glance. With this, anyone can
create detailed reports which can be accessed from anywhere.
Sales Forecasting
This feature helps in getting a real time view of the forecast of a sales team. It
provides multi-currency support and an in-line editing mode to manage the sales forecast
well.
Territory Management
This feature is used to create multiple territory models, preview them before rollout,
and continually optimize and balance territories throughout the year.
Salesforce - Architecture
Salesforce delivers a highly customized experience to the customers, employees, and
partners of an organization. Such a platform is used to customize standard functionality and
create custom pages, components, apps, etc. Also it is done faster, mainly because of the
superb architecture on which it is built. Below is a brief introduction to the Salesforce
Architecture.

Architecture Salesforce
The architecture of Salesforce can be put into layers for better understanding. The
purpose and function of each layer is described below −

Trusted Multitenant Cloud

Here multiple instances of one or multiple applications operate independently in a
shared environment. The instances are referred as tenants and they logically separate from
each other while physically remaining in the same hardware. It is called trusted because of
both its robust nature and high security.

Scalable Metadata Platform

The metadata driven platform makes it easy for customization and scaling up as the
amount of data or concurrent user instances increase.

Enterprise Ecosystem
The Enterprise Ecosystem of Sales is very large as a large number of partners
contribute by creating and maintaining applications in this platform.

CRM and Related Functionality

Salesforce includes all aspects of CRM in its list of features and also extends it by
providing features for creation of apps and integrating analytics, etc.
APIs
Salesforce provides powerful suite of APIs. This helps to develop and customize the
Salesforce1 Mobile App.

Salesforce - Environment
As Salesforce is a cloud based system it does not need any software installation on
your part. All you have to do is signup for a free trial and get started. The free trial account
provides nearly all features which you need to learn to understand the basics of Salesforce
platform. Let us now discuss the steps to get started with the Salesforce environment.
Step 1
Go to the link Salesforce and click on Free Trial.
It takes you to a window where you have to fill in some details about you and sign up.
Step 2
You will receive an activation mail for your account which also contains the details of your
account and the duration of the trial period. Click on the link in the email to verify your email
ID and activate the account.
Step 3
Again visit the link Salesforce and click on login. Give the login credentials which you just
created. You will be directed to the following screen.
You are ready to learn as your environment is set up now. You may click on Take Tour of
Salesforce to familiarize yourself with the user interface.

Salesforce - Sales Cloud

Sales Cloud part of the Salesforce.com platform which is focused on enhancing the
effectiveness of the sales team of an organization and hence increases the amount of sales. It
stands unique when compared to other sales methods as it provides both the account
information of the customer as well as the information gathered from the social platforms
about the product and customer. This helps in judging the potential of a sales lead and closing
the sales faster.
Following are the Key business Goals achieved by using the Sales Cloud.
Close more deals
The availability of all the account information as well as product information for
customer’s needs makes it easier to drive more number of leads to closure.
Close deals faster
Mobile apps and visual design of the workflows for business process approvals makes
it faster to close the deals.
Get more deals
Continuous optimization of campaigns depending on the market response and closure
interaction with channel partners gets more deals.
Quicker decisions
The availability of reports and dashboards gives a very detailed picture of the business
scenario and also increases accuracy of sales forecasting. So the business decisions are taken
quickly.
Key Features of Sales Cloud
In this section, we will discuss the key features of Sales Cloud. The features are
described below −

Contact Management
Gives complete information on customers including previous communications,
discussions, key contact numbers and emails.

Opportunity Management
It helps create and change quotes in response to sales interaction and deal scenario.

Salesforce Engage
Gives alerts on active leads and create personalized campaigns.
Lead Management
Helps assign leads to right people and track the campaigns.

Reports and Dashboards

Helps create dashboards which can be drilled down for further information. This leads
to faster decisions.

Sales Forecasting
Gives accurate view of sales forecasting which can be adjusted based on real-time
data.

Workflow and Approvals

Helps simplify the approval process and automate any business process using visual
drag and drop interface.

Territory Management
Helps create different territory models and apply rules to them.

Files Sync and Share

Search, share and find files faster. This leads to a greater collaboration.

Sales Performance Management

Helps create a link between sales data and sales goals. It also helps in creating
performance summaries.

Partner Management
Easily connect with partners and give them a view of sales performance. It also helps
in easy onboarding, training and supporting sales partners.

Salesforce - Service Cloud

This part of Salesforce platform is focused on providing support and help to the
customers. This helps in retaining the customers, increasing their satisfaction and loyalty. Its
uniqueness lies in providing faster service compared to traditional methods, giving individual
attention to each customer needs and taking a proactive approach to customer issues. That
ultimately enhances the customer’s experience hence loyalty which in turn creates a good
impact on sales.
Following are the key business Goals achieved by using the Service Cloud −
• Personalized Service − Give each customer a good service experience based
on their unique problems and history of purchases and complaints.
• Always-on Service − Make the service available 24/7
• Multi-channel support − Meet the customers on their preferred channels like
mobile, phone, chat etc.
 • Faster support − Managing various service needs from a single console helps
in delivering support services faster.
Key Features of Service Cloud
In this section, we will discuss the key features of Service Cloud. These features help
in accomplishing the business goals mentioned above. The features are described below −

Console for Service

It is a unified platform for managing all cases assigned to an agent so that it can help
in prioritizing the tasks at hand. This also helps give personalized experience to the customer
of each case.

Knowledge base
Customer interactions and resolutions are captured and organized into a
knowledgebase. This helps in faster issue resolution.

Social Customer Service

As more and more customers connect with the organization through social media, this
feature helps deliver service on the social media platform itself without asking the customer
to visit separate web pages for interaction.

Live Agent
This feature provides real-time online help with its unique chat service.

Mobile Platform
Salesforce1 platform is the mobile platform to manage customer service from any
device and any place.

Service Cloud Communities

It allows customers to help themselves by helping each other. Many tools are
available for self service on various trouble shooting requirements.

Salesforce - Navigating Setup

The Salesforce developer uses the setup area to configure and customize the interface.
It is also used to add and support other users, and build various other functionalities. There
are many paths to reach the same setup button. In this tutorial, we will see the most
commonly used setup paths and configurations.
The Salesforce Home page has both classic and modern Lighting User Interface. We are
referring to the modern lighting interface. All most all the features are available in both The
classic and Lighting User Interface come with many features that prove beneficial to the
users.
Setup Location
The setup link is located in the top right corner of the page as shown in the screenshot
below. Clicking on the setup home takes us to the setup home page.

Setup Home
Below page shows the setup home where we see all the options available for the
developer to configure and customize the option.
Setup Options
The following table lists down the important features which are frequently used in setup
activity.

Sr.No Setting & Purpose

Users
1
Create, Remove Users. Manage User profiles and Permissions.

Company Settings
2
Information related to your org. Like - Language, Maps and Locations,
Domain etc.

Security
3
Expire Passwords, Access Policies, Session Management and Setup Audit
Trails.

Environment
4
Jobs, Logs and Sandboxes.

Objects and Fields

5
Object Manager and Schema Builder.

User Interface
6
App Menu, Custom Labels and Lighting App Builder.

Custom Code
7
Custom Metadata Types, Email Services, Remote Access etc.

Analytics
8
Reports and Dashboards.
Salesforce
Objects
Standard Objects
The Salesforce Platform stores data in relational tables. The records in these tables
contain data for the structure of the platform itself as well as user created data. For example,
the data about the configuration and settings of an account are already in-built as a relational
table. But you can also create your own tables to store data specific to your business like the
'dispatch schedule' for a week assuming you are a courier company.
These relational tables are roughly referred to as API Objects or only objects in Salesforce.
There are three kinds of Salesforce objects.
• Standard Objects − The objects already created for you by the Salesforce
platform.
• Custom Objects − These are the objects created by you based on your
business processes.
• External Objects − The objects which you create map to the data stored
outside your organization.
In this tutorial, we will focus on the standard objects in Salesforce platform.
Standard Objects
These are the objects which already exist in the Salesforce platform to manage the
configurations and settings of the environment. Once you log in to the salesforce platform,
you can see the available objects.
Example
The most commonly referred standard object is called the Account Object. It is the
object which stores the preliminary information about a customer, partner, competitor or
another organization. We can explore the account object by following the steps below.
Step 1
Login to the Salesforce platform and follow the link path Settings → Setup Home → Object
Manager - Account.
Step 2
In this step, click on the Schema Builder. It shows the complete Account table with field
names and data types. There are fields marked red. The fields marked red indicate that it is
mandatory to fill the fields when an account is created.

Using the similar steps as above we can explore all the standard objects
available.
Important Standard Objects
In this section, we will discuss the important standard objects in Salesforce. The
following table lists down the objects –

Object Meaning Usage

Name

Account Represents an individual account, Use this object to query and manage accounts in
which is an organization or person your organization.
involved in the business like
customers, competitors, partners,
etc.

Account Represents the history of changes to Use this object to identify changes to an account.
History the values in the fields of an
account.

Case Represents a case, which is a Use the case object to manage cases for your
customer issue or problem. organization.

Contact Represents a contact, which is an This object is used to manage individuals who are
individual associated with an associated with an Account in the organization.
account.

User Represents a user in the This object is used to query information about users
organization. and also helps to provide and modify the
information concerning the users.

Asset Represents an item of commercial This object is used to track assets previously sold
value, such as a product sold by the into customer accounts. With asset tracking, a client
company or a competitor that a application can quickly determine which products
customer has purchased and were previously sold or are currently installed at a
installed. specific account.

Domain Read-only object that represents a This read-only object is used to object to query the
custom Web address assigned to a domains that are associated with each website in
site in your organization. your organization.
Custom Objects
The organization’s data will always not fit into the existing standard objects. So we
can extend and customize many sales force objects to meet this need. For example, a courier
company can create a custom object to store the schedule and dispatch details for every week.
So these objects store the data that is unique to the business. The custom objects can also
have custom fields along with the standard fields available in Salesforce.
Custom Object features
Following are the features available on Custom Objects. The features help you
perform the following features −
• Build page layouts to control which fields users can view and edit when
entering data for the custom object record.
• Import custom object records.
• Create reports and dashboards to analyze custom object data.
• Create a custom tab for the custom object, to display the object’s data.
• Track tasks and events for custom object records.
• Import custom object records.

Create a Custom Object

To create a custom object, we go to the line path as shown in the following screenshot
−
Now we fill in the details of the custom object we want to create. There are mandatory fields
which should be filled before the object can be saved. In our case, we give the object a name
called Delivery schedule and save it.
Create a Custom Field
To Add more granularity to the business data, we can add custom fields on the custom
object we created. In this case, let us add a field called delivery date to the custom object
named Delivery schedule. To do this, we follow the path Setup Home → Objects and
Fields → Object Manager → Deliver Schedule. Later, scroll down to the Fields and
Relationship tab and click New. The page to add custom field appears wherein, we fill the
details as shown below.

Next, we can verify the successful addition of the above custom field by following the same
link path as above. The custom field appears as shown in the following screenshot −
Master Detail Relationship
Unlike the relationships in relational database, the relationships in Salesforce are not
through Primary and Foreign Keys. The relationships are maintained by using
the Relationship Fields. It is a custom field which links one object record to another.
Through the creation of relationships, we can display the data of all the related records in the
record's details page.
The Master Detail relationship is used when we want to control the display of detail
records based on the value in the master record. For example, in the courier company model a
delivery schedule is always linked to a delivery location. If we remove a delivery location
from our list, then all the related delivery schedules should also be eliminated. Such a
dependency can be achieved through Master-detail relationship between the sales force
objects.
Features of Master-Detail Relationship
In this section, we will discuss the features of Master-detail Relationship. The features
are listed below −
• Deleting a Master Record, deletes all the detail records.
• A detail record cannot be created without a Master record.
• The permission on the detail record cannot be set. It inherits the permission
from the master record.
• The detail record also inherits the sharing rule from master records.
• Both the master and detail records are automatically included in the report
record types.
Creating Master-detail Relationship
In the courier company example, we will consider the relationship between delivery
location and delivery schedule. There is a many-to-one relationship between the delivery
schedule records and the delivery location record.
Following are the steps followed to create this relationship −
Choose the Relationship Type
In setup home, find the object named Delivery Schedule. In it under the Custom
Fields and Relationships related list, click New. Choose the Master-detail Relationship as
shown in the screenshot below.

Choose the Related Object

In the next step, select the object with which this relationship will be created. We
choose DeliveryLocation.
Name the Relationship and Field
In this step, enter the Relationship Name as well as the name of the Field.

Add field to page layout

In the Next step we accept the defaults and move on to add the reference field to the page
layout.
Add Custom Related Lists
Next, we specify the title for the related list that is associated layout with the parent.

This completes the creation of Master-Detail relationship between DeliveryLocation and

Deliveryschedule.
Lookup Relationship
A Lookup relationship involves finding value of a field based on the value in another
field in another object. It is mostly used in the case of commonly shared data between two
objects.
Example
In the courier company, we have a delivery location which must be related to a
delivery schedule. So we have a field "DeliverySchedule" in the object Delivery location that
looks up for values from the other custom Object named "Delivery Schedule". Let us now see
the steps to create such a lookup relation.
Step 1
First we identify the objects and the fields which need to have the relationship. In our
example, these two objects are Delivery Schedule and Delivery Location.
Step 2
Create a Custom Object named DeliveryLocation as we did in the previous chapter. In it, go
to the tab fields and relationships. Click New → Custom Filed → Lookup Relationship.
Choose the field type as lookup field and enter the details as shown below.
Step 3
You can verify the lookup relationship created by going to the schema builder and choosing
the two objects for display.
Schema Builder
The various objects and their relationships of a Salesforce application can be easily
viewed using the Schema builder. And just not viewing, but we can also design, modify and
implement new data models using schema builder.
Schema builder has a drag and drop interface which is used to perform all the activities. It
shows all the relevant details like - field values, data types, relationship with directions etc.
Accessing Schema Builder
From Setup Home, navigate to Objects and Fields → Object Manager → Schema Builder.

Viewing Objects
We can see the various objects by selecting them form the left pane. The Element tab
represents fields and relationships while the Objects tab represents the standard as well as
custom objects.
We have selected three objects named - Account, Delivery Schedule and Delivery Location
as shown in the following screenshot.
Changing Objects
We can work on various schema objects by showing them in the canvas in the right pane. We
can only modify the custom objects and cannot modify the standard objects as they are part of
the Salesforce platform structure.
In the following screenshot, we can see various actions we can take on the custom schema
objects.

Creating Objects
We can create new objects using the schema builder. Go to the Elements Tab. Drag the
element named Object into the canvas. It prompts you to fill in the details of the object.
 Data
Security
Control Access Organization
In an organization, different kinds of data are accessible by different types of users.
Salesforce has the mechanism to limit the data access in the platform to both individual users
as well as groups of users. There is a flexible but layered sharing model that makes it easy to
assign different data sets to different sets of users. Also the access can be defined at the level
of organization, objects, fields, or individual records.
Levels of Data Access
In this section, we will discuss the different levels of Data Access. There are four levels of
data access.

Organization Level
It is created by maintaining a list of authorized users, setting password policies, and limiting
login access to certain hours and certain locations.

Objects Level
It is done by setting permission on a particular object by allowing selective viewing, editing
or deleting of any object in that record.

Fields Level
It is used to restrict access of users to certain fields even when the user has access to the
object containing the field.

Records Level
This access level permits the user to access only certain records of an object.
In this chapter, we are going to focus on Control Access to the Organization using the three
mechanisms described below.
Create and Manage Users
The administrators can create one or many users using the Admin Interface. Navigate
to setup home → Administration → Users. It shows the options for adding one user or
many.
It further asks for details of each users like Name, email Address, Role, Profile, etc. On
filling those details, the users get created.
Set Password Policies
Password policies refer to the way the passwords are managed in the organization. For
example, setting the expiry date of a password, the complexity requirement of a password and
so on. All these options are customizable and we can also control the lock of policies. These
password policies are set by navigating to setup home → Security → Password Policies.
Restricting Access from IP Address
This is an added security which allows only specific range of IP addresses to access the
Salesforce platform of the organization. But if a valid user accesses the restricted page
outside the trusted IP range then the system asks for additional challenge questions which
should have been already configured. This is set by navigating to setup home → Security →
Network Access..
Control Access Objects
The access restriction for different objects is managed by using profiles and
permissions. The type of access (view, edit, create, etc.) can also customized thorough this
mechanism. A user can have only one profile, but can have multiple permission sets. So
through profiles the minimum basic permissions for the selected objects is granted while,
through permission sets additional permissions beyond the profile can be granted.
Let us now see the details of the profiles creation and granting permission to understand how
the object access is managed.
User Profiles
Profiles are created to address the requirements of a particular business function. For
example, the HR department needs a profile which will have access to work history, medical
history and attendance of employees. While the finance department will need profile which
will access the attendance and remuneration details of an employee. Now depending on the
user’s job role, the profile is attached to the user. Only one profile can be allocated for a user.

Creating a Profile
Go to the link path Setup Home → Users → Profiles. You can see some existing profiles
which are pre-built in the salesforce platform. We can create new profiles by cloning the
existing profiles and customizing them further based on our requirements.

Let us now see an existing profile named the standard user. It shows all the types of settings
available to this profile. For example, we can set object permissions for both standard objects
as well as custom objects. We can also set different administrative permissions and general
user permissions and so on.

In order to control the permission to each of the objects through this profile, we can scroll
down and find the list of both standard objects and custom objects. Here we can use the check
boxes to customize the object access.

Assigning a Profile
Once a new profile has been created, it can be assigned to users by going to the link
path Setup Home → Users → Users. Now click on the edit to the left of the user name. You
will be directed to a new window where in, you can change the profile from the dropdown.
Permission Sets
Permission sets are additional access given to a user on some objects which are not covered
through their profiles. So it just extends users access to some objects based on their profiles.
For example, when a new custom object is created, we create a permission set for those
objects and attach those permission sets to the users who will need access to those objects.
The same logic applies when we want to grant temporary access to specific objects for a user.

Creating a Permission Set

We create a permission set by going to the link path Setup Home → Users → Permission
Sets. Click on the New button to create a new permission set.
Once created, we can edit the permission set and choose Object Settings. Here we can see
the list of objects and the level of access to these objects. We can edit the access types for
each of these objects.
Control Access Fields
There are scenarios in which we grant access to an object to a user but we also want to
restrict the access to certain fields of that object. So using field level security, we can control
the user's access to see, edit or delete certain fields of an object.
Field level access settings are achieved in two ways −
• Edit a single permission set or profile containing all the fields which require
access restriction.
• Edit permission on a single field to be applied in multiple profiles.
Example
To give edit access to the field DeliverySchedule on the object DeliveryLocations, we go to
the permission set named CourierObjects which we created in the last chapter. Then go to
the Object settings and choose the object named DeliveryLocations. Click Edit and select the
field wherein, we need to set the permission.
To set the field permission for one field across all profiles we open the object through schema
builder and then right click on the specific field, choose manage Manage Field Permissions.
We will now get the option to set the field permissions for many profiles for this single field.
Control Access Records
In this chapter, we will learn about the Control Access Records in Salesforce. Many
times, beyond the access restriction for the objects and fields, we also need to restrict access
to certain records of an object. This requires setting up of access restriction for a user based
on the values in the records.
Record Ownership
A unique feature of Salesforce is the ownership of every stored record. Every record in every
object has a field which marks the ownership of that record. A user who needs access to this
record becomes part of the profile which is same as the profile of the owner of that record.
Restriction Mechanism
Access is granted at multiple levels like Object, Field and Records. Conflicts might come up
between the access levels. There may be a read access on a record but the object containing it
might not have read access for a user. In such case, the access type which is more restrictive
(gives less access) will be applied. So a record without access permission will remain
inaccessible even when the object containing it is accessible and an Object without access
permissions will remain inaccessible even when it has some records to which the user has
read access.
Record Sharing Mechanism
The Saleforce platform provides four distinct mechanisms to share the records of an object
with the users.

• Organization-wide defaults
• Manual sharing
• Role hierarchies
• Sharing rules
Organization-wide defaults
In this mechanism, a minimal access level is created and granted to all the users. So every
user who is part of the organization, gets access to these records. Then, the access for
additional records is customized by clubbing the users into role hierarchies, sharing rules and
also through manual sharing with each of the user.
There are four types of sharing models which implement the organization-wide default
settings.

Sr.No Settings & Result

1
Public Read/Write
All users can view, edit, and report on all records.

2
Public Read Only
All users can view and report on records but not edit them. Only the owner, and users above that rol
in the hierarchy, can edit those records.

3
Private
Only the record owner, and users above that role in the hierarchy, can view, edit, and report on thos
records.

4
Controlled by Parent
A user can perform an action (such as view, edit, or delete) on a contact based on whether he or sh
can perform that same action on the record associated with it.

Manual Sharing
In this access model, the record owners give the read and edit permissions to specific users.
So it is a manual process in which individual or group of records are handled by the record
owners. This is to be done for each user profile that needs the access.
In our subsequent chapters, we will discuss role hierarchies and sharing rules.
Create a Role Hierarchy
Role hierarchy is a mechanism to control the data access to the records on a salesforce
object based on the job role of a user. For example, a manager needs to have access to all the
data pertaining to the employees who report to him, but the employees have no access to the
data that is only owned by their manager. In this manner, the access model looks similar to
the org chart in an organization but it need not be exactly same as the Org chart.

The role hierarchy automatically grants record access to users above the record owner in
the hierarchy. This option is enabled for all objects by default. To change this, we take help
of custom objects and manual aces grants.

Defining a Role Hierarchy

In this section, we will discuss how to define a role hierarchy. The steps are described below
−

Step 1

To create a Role Hierarchy, we go to the link path Setup Home → Users → Roles → Setup
Roles. The default role hierarchy appears as shown below.

The default view is Tree View, which is easiest to use. The other two views are sorted list
view and list view. You can change this view as per your need.

Step 2

In the next step, we add a role to the existing hierarchy by filling in the role details. Click
on Add Role. The next window appears asking for the following details.
While filling these details, we also take care to define if the users can only view the
opportunities or can also edit the opportunities. On clicking save we get the Role created as
shown below.
Step 3

In this step, you can assign users to the roles. Click on Assign Users to Role. Upon clicking,
you will be directed to a window where you can select All users form the dropdown and
move users from the left box to the right box.

In this way, you can create roles within the role hierarchy and add users to them. So the users
can have access to the objects and data as per their roles.
Define Sharing Rules
In this chapter, we will discuss how to define sharing rules in Salesforce. Though we
can manage the access to different objects and records through organization-wide settings and
role hierarchies, we come across situations wherein, exceptions are required. We need to
grant access to specific data to specific users who are not able to access the required data
because of their roles. For example, to see the case history when a user has only access to the
current case details. In such scenarios, we take help of sharing rules. Through this
mechanism, we create a public group which will accommodate all the users who need such
exception and then add sharing rules to such a group.

Steps to Create Sharing Rules

In this section, we will discuss the steps to create sharing rules. The steps are described below

Step 1

Create a public group which will have the users who need specific access. Go to the link
path, Setup home → Users → Public Groups → New Group. We need to fill the required
details. Also choose the group of users who will need to use the sharing rules. Keep the Grant
access using Hierarchies checked so that the other users listed below in this hierarchy can
inherit the access. Click Save.
Step 2

Now we create the sharing rule for the above public group. Go to the link path Setup Home
→ Security → Sharing settings. From the dropdown of Manage Sharing settings for,
choose Campaigns.

Then under Campaign sharing rules, click on the button New. Provide the details for the new
sharing rule as shown below. We select a criteria to give access to records for which the value
of the field Campaign name is camp_x.
So now all the users under the newly created public group will get access to those records of
campaign object where the campaign name is camp_x.
Process
Builder
Automate Business Processes

The process builder tool helps in automating business processes. For example, all that
goes into a record when a courier delivery is completed. This automation involves creating
the following three steps −
• Select an Object to start the process.
• Add criteria to the object to allow the start of the process.
• Add action to the criterial to trigger the execution of the process.
Let us now create a sample process which will add a record when the courier delivery is
completed.
Add object to start the process
Go to the link Setup home → Platfrom Tools → Process Automation → Process Builder.
Click New .Upon clicking New, the following window appears which asks for name of the
process and description. We fill in the details as shown and click Save.

Next we get a process automation window. Click New to go to the next step. And choose
the Object delivery schedule as shown below. Click Save.
Add Criteria
Click on the Add Criteria button in the canvas to add a condition for the process to be allowed
to execute. Here we choose the delivery date as the filed which when updated will trigger the
process. Click save to save the criteria.
Add Action
Next, we add action to trigger the start of the process when the condition is met.

With this setup, when a courier delivery is completed we are able to create a record to track
the completion of the delivery.

Importing Data
In this chapter, we will learn how to import data in Salesforce. Salesforce provides a
robust platform for data manipulation. We can Insert, View, Edit and Delete the relevant data
with proper user permissions. At times, we need to add a large number of records to the
respective Saleforce object in one go. Most likely these records have come from another
source. The format of the incoming data has to match with the format in which the salesforce
object is expecting it.
The import feature is available with CSV file structures from four sources. The sources are
CSV, Outlook CSV, ACT! CSV and GMail CSV. In the example given below, we will use the
normal csv file for importing data to the Salesforce platform.
The import happens in the following three steps −
Step 1
Navigate to Setup Home → Data → Data Import Wizard. A page opens which gives
instruction on how to proceed with the Wizard. The most important point to remember is the
record limits which restricts the number of records to be imported in one go to 50000. Click
the Launch Wizard button to start the import process. The following screen appears, asking
us to choose the kind of object to which we can import the data.

We select Accounts and Contacts in the above screen and click Next.
Step 2
In this step, we choose the file containing the data to be imported. Also we are presented with
the option of Adding New Records or Updating the Existing Records or both. We choose
adding the new records as shown below.

We also select the field used to match the existing record with the incoming record. For this,
we choose Account name and site under the dropdown Match Account by, and then we
click Next.
Step 3
This is the last step before the import starts. In this step, we do the very important task of
matching the incoming field names with the column names of the salesforce fields. Though
Salesforce does automatic matching of most of the field names, still there may be some cases
where we have to match the field names manually. As you can see below, we have unmapped
fields which needs to be mapped. On successfully completing the mapping, click Next and
the import starts.
Exporting Data
In this chapter, we will discuss how to export data from Salesforce. You can choose
the objects from which data needs to be exported and also schedule a regular export form
those objects. There is also a filtering option on how much data to export based on the age of
the record.
Let us now see the steps to export data from Salesforce −
Step 1
Navigate to the link Setup Home → Data → Data Export. It will present a window to
schedule an export by mentioning the frequency along with the start and end date to select the
records to be exported.
Step 2
In the next step, we choose the Salesforce objects the data of which need to be exported by
selecting the check boxes as shown below.

Step 3
Upon clicking Next as in the above step, you will be directed to a window which mentions
that you have to wait for some time for the exported data to be ready for download. So in this
step, we wait for the download link to appear in the same screen. Also a hyperlink to
download the data is sent to the email id of the person who scheduled the export.
Step 4
The Download links appear in this step.
Reports
Creating reports in Salesforce is not a very complicated process. The reports are
created on top of one or more Salesforce objects. It has the flexibility of applying filters and
joining data sets to create sophisticated reports. The interface is called the Report builder.
Go to the Reports icon in the left bar menu of the Lightning Experience Home Page. Follow
the steps below to create a report.
Step 1
Click on Create New Report. Upon clicking, the following screen appears. We
choose Accounts and click Create.

Step 2
In this step ,we define certain settings for the report and get the resulting rows. We choose
"My Accounts" from the dropdown Show. It brings all the records owned by the creator of
the report. Next we choose the created date filter as All Time as shown below. We proceed by
saving the report with the name - Accounts report.
Step 3
Now, we will apply a filter to the above report. Click on the Add filter option in the white
space just below the date filed filter. Choose the field Billing State/Provinces. Choose
the equal to operator and type the value NY in the next text box. This filters out the row for
NY as shown below.
Dashboards
Dashboards provide more insights than reports as they combine the data from many
reports and show a summarized result. Looking at many reports at a time gives the flexibility
of combining the results from them quickly. Also summaries in dashboards help us decide on
action plans quicker. The dashboards can contain charts, graphs and Tabular data.
Let us now see the steps to create a dashboard.
Step 1
Go to the Dashboard button on the left menu bar in the Salesforce Home Page. Now, click on
the New Dashboard and the following window appears. Fill in the name and description.

Step 2
Next we add components to the dashboards. Components are graphical objects which present
the summarized or tabular data with visual indicators like colors, etc. In our case we add two
components as shown below.
Choose the Opportunity Amount by Stage report and present it as a line chart.
Similarly, we choose another component to be added. Choose the report Leads Converted
All Time as shown below.
Step 3
In this step, we see both the components are visible in the dashboard. We can resize the
components for better visibility. And there is still more place for additional components.
Using Formula Fields
Many times we need to manipulate the values of the fields stored in the Salesforce
object by applying a few conditions or calculations. For example, we need to get the Account
number value linked to the contact object, so that we can find the Account number from the
contact name. In such scenarios, we create formula field in addition to the existing fields in
the object.
Let us now see the steps to create formula field.
Step 1
Go to the link path Setup Home → Object Manager → Contact. Then scroll down to
the Fields and Relations tab and add New. Choose Formula as the data type and click Next.
The following window appears. Here we choose the return type as Text and also fill in the
Field Name and Field Label.
Step 2
Clicking on Next brings takes you to the next window wherein, you have to select the field
based on which the formula will be built. Let us now choose Account number from the
Account table. Click Insert to insert this field into the Contact object.

Step 3
In this step, we can see the field Account Number appear under the fields of the Contact
object as shown below.
Visual
Force
Visualforce Pages
Visualforce pages are webpages that belong to Salesforce. These webpages are
created using a unique tag-based Mark-up language. It is similar to HTML but it's primary
use is to access, display and update the organization’s data. The page is accessed by using a
URL similar to that of a traditional webserver page.
Each tag in visual force language corresponds to some user interface component like section
of a page, a list view or a field of an object. Interestingly, it can be easily mixed up with
HTML markup, CSS style and Java libraries, etc.
Creating a Visualforce Page
Go to the link developer console → File → New → Visualforce page. The new window
opens asking for a page name. Let us now call it HelloworldPage. Let us now write the code
as shown in the following diagram.

Click Save. Then, click on Preview. This opens a new webpage showing the result as shown
in the following screenshot.
Adding components
In this section, we will learn how to add components to a program that is already created. Let
us add some user interface components to the program created above. We add a block and a
section in that block by using the following code.
On previewing the page, we get the following output.

Setting Preferences
We can set the various settings for easy navigation by going to Help → Preferences.
Variables & Formulas
The data from the Salesforce objects can be brought into the Visualforce page using
variables and expressions. Like other normal programming language, the Visualforce
language has expressions, operators and literals, etc. The basic building block of this
language is expressions.
The syntax of a Visualforce expression is as below.
{! expression }
Example
Let us use the global variable $user. We can write the following code to get the username,
First name and login name.

On previewing the output, we get the following details.

Similarly, we can use many other variables and manipulate them using formula as shown in
the code below.
On previewing the output, we get the following details.

Standard Controllers
Visualforce consists of many built-in controllers which can be used to access and
display data. It works on the MVC (model-view-controller) approach. The controllers interact
with the database and pull the data from the database to view the data through a webpage
created by apex page.
To display a specific record or group of records, we need the record ID. When integrated with
other Visualforce pages the ID can flow to the controller page automatically. But in a
standalone page we need to specify the record ID manually to see the controller working.
Example
Let us create a Visualforce page to get the summary of a record in the Contact object. To do
this, we use the component called standardController and put it in an apex block. The
diagram given below shows the code to achieve this.
Here we display some select fields from the Object. They are Name, Email and phone. If we
go to the Preview window, we find that the page only displays the labels but no data. That is
because we have not associated the result from the controller with any specific record.
So next we identify a record form the Contact Object to be attached to the result from the
controller. Open the contacts object and click on any of contact name. It will open the
following window from which we capture the ID of the record. The ID is highlighted in the
URL. In your environment, it will be a similar string of characters.

Finally, we add this ID of the record to the URL of the preview window of the Visualforce
standard controller page we created. In the current example, the ID of the record is added as
shown below.
https://c.ap2.visual.force.com/apex/FirstPage?core.apexpages.request.devconsole=1&id=003
2800000Wih9kAAB
On visiting the above URL from the Organization's salesforce account, we get the details of
the record as shown below.
Records, Fields and Tables
We have already seen how to get the values of a record using the standard controller.
But we can also display the field values in a more formatted way by using additional
controllers.
In this chapter, we will see how to display the fields of an object and the data of a details
table in a Master-detail relation.
Display Fields
When we want to display the fields of a record in a formatted manner with column headers,
rather than just the labels and values, we can use the OutputField option. The code given
below shows the apex program to display the filled data from Contact. As you can see, we do
not need the labels to be in place to indicate the field values.
To preview the result of the above code, we use the ID of the record as described in the
previous chapter. The result shows the following output showing the field values of the
records along with column headers.
Display Tables
We can display all the records of a details table by taking a value from a master table. For
example, we can display all the contacts associated with an account. In such case, we use
the iteration component which in our case is the contacts table linked to account. Below is
the code to display all the contacts associated with the Account table.

On previewing the output form the above code, we get the following result.
Using Forms
Salesforce is a data-driven platform. So viewing and editing data in its apps is a
fundamental requirement. Like the traditional HTML forms, we can create similar forms in
Salesforce for editing the data in Salesforce.
Creating Input Form
The Input forms are created using a Visualforce page. We open a new Visualforce page by
using the path Developer Console → File → New → Visualforce Page. We write the code
as shown below which uses Contact as the standard controller and the purpose is to edit the
values in the 3 fields - Name, Email and Phone.

Upon running the above code for the visualforce page, we get the following output..
But we can improve the above form further by aligning the fields to one column and putting
all the input fields and labels into a block. The code given below shows how we add a section
and block to the form and also put the fields in one column.

Upon running the above code for the Visualforce page, we receive the following output.
List Controllers
In this chapter, we will discuss List Controllers in Salesforce. At times, we need to view a
given set of records from a Salesforce object by applying filter criteria. This is achieved by
using list controllers which allow you to create Visualforce pages that can display or act on a
set of records. The standard list controllers can be used in the following set of objects.
• Account
• Asset
• Campaign
• Case
• Contact
• Contract
• Idea
• Lead
• Opportunity
• Order
• Solution
• User
• Custom objects
Example
We take the example of contact object. We fetch the records from this object and display it
using list controllers. To achieve this, we create an apex page with the following code. The
code creates a pageblock with column values matching the column names of the contact
object.
Upon running the above code, we receive the following output.
Static Resources
The user interface in a Visualforce base can display dynamic content the value of
which keeps changing based on user responses. But there are times when we need some
content which should not change with the change in values of other components in the page.
For example, an image file may be required to remain constant. Such content which cannot
be changed in a page is known as a static resource.
Following are a few static resources in Salesforce −
• Images
• Javascript Files
• Flash files
• CSS files
The steps to create a static resource are as below.
Create a Static Resource container
Go to Develop → Static resource and mention the values for name, description and file
location for the static resource.

Upload a Static Resource

Click Save in the above screen to get the file attached to the User Interface controller.
Reference the Static Resource
Next we create the apex code as in the following screenshot to reference the static object we
created above.

Output
Running the above apex code will generate the following output. The output shows a static
resource.