This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F2248 − 19

Standard Practice for

Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading
for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated
Glass1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

INTRODUCTION

Historical records show that fragments from glazing that has failed as the result of intentional or
accidental explosions present a serious threat of personal injury. Glazing failure also allows blast
pressure to enter the interior of buildings thus resulting in additional threat of personal injury and
facility damage. This standard practice provides a means for designers to determine equivalent
3-second duration design loadings with which they can size blast resistant glazing comprised of
laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass, or both. Blast resistant glazing
systems of this genre can reduce the number and size of glass fragments in an explosion as well as
reducing greatly or eliminating blast pressure that enters buildings when an explosion occurs.

1. Scope
iTeh Standards
1.1 This practice sets forth a method to specify an equiva-
event, have poorer post blast performance than annealed or
heat strengthened glass plies. Laminated glass fabricated with

E1300 to select the thickness (https://standards.iteh.ai)

lent 3-second design loading suitable to use with Practice fully tempered glass plies has a tendency to leave the support-
and type of blast resistant glazing ing glazing system frame after fracture whereas laminated

plies used to construct laminated glassDocument

are recommended to be Preview
fabricated with laminated glass to glaze a fenestration. Glass glass fabricated with annealed or heat strengthened glass plies
will remain in the frame and absorb remaining load through
either annealed or heat strengthened glass. This analytical tensile membrane behavior. Use of the annealed or heat
method for glazing should be used with caution for glazing strengthened glass plies will also reduce the amount of load
panels larger than 1.8 m by 2.4 m (6 ft by 8 ft) as thisASTM F2248-19
size panel transferred into the structure.
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exceeds database of testing upon which this standard is based.
1.5 The equivalent 3-second design load as determined
1.2 This practice applies to blast resistant glazing fabricated herein shall not apply to the design of monolithic glazing,
using laminated glass only, including single laminated glass plastic glazing, or security film applied to existing glazing
and insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass. As a configurations in an attempt to achieve blast resistance.
minimum, insulating glass shall use laminated glass for the
inboard (protected side) lite. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This practice assumes that blast resistant glazing shall
For conversion of quantities in various systems of measure-
be attached to its supporting frame using a captured bite so that
it does not detach in the event of fracture due to a blast event. ments to SI units refer to ANSI IEEE/SI 10.

1.4 Blast resistant glazing designed using this practice 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
recommends the use of annealed or heat strengthened glass safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
plies for the laminated glass. Blast testing has shown that use responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of fully tempered glass plies, when fractured during a blast priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 on ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Systems Products and Services. Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2248 – 12. DOI: mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
10.1520/F2248-19. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 F2248 − 19
2. Referenced Documents residual surface compression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 psi) or the edge compression not less than 67 MPa (9700 psi)
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass as defined in Specification C1048.
C1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tem- 3.1.6.4 heat strengthened (HS) glass, n—a flat, monolithic,
pered Flat Glass glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a
C1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass special process where the residual surface compression is not
C1422/C1422M Specification for Chemically Strengthened less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than 52 MPa (7500 psi)
Flat Glass as defined in Specification C1048.
C1564 Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for Protective 3.1.6.5 insulating glass (IG), n—consists of any combina-
Glazing Systems tion of two glass lites that enclose a sealed space filled with air
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions or other gas.
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in
3.1.6.6 laminated glass, n—a flat lite of uniform thickness
Buildings
consisting of two or more monolithic glass plies bonded
F1642/F1642M Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Sys-
together with interlayer materials as defined in Specification
tems Subject to Airblast Loadings C1172.
F2912 Specification for Glazing and Glazing Systems Sub-
ject to Airblast Loadings 3.1.6.7 Discussion—Many different interlayer materials are
2.2 ANSI Standard:3 used in laminated glass. The information in this practice
IEEE/SI 10 Use of the International System of Units (SI): applies only to laminated glass fabricated with polyvinyl
(The Modernized Metric System)2 butyral (PVB) interlayers.
3.1.7 glazing, n—transparent, translucent, or opaque lami-
3. Terminology nated glass used for windows, doors, or other panels.
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.8 glazing system, n—the assembly comprised of the
3.1.1 blast resistant glazing, n—glazing that provides pro- glazing, its framing system, and anchorage devices.

iTeh Standards
tection against air blast pressure generated by explosions. 3.1.9 lateral, adj—perpendicular to the glass surface.
3.1.2 blast resistant glazing systems, n—a fenestration prod- 3.1.10 load, n—a uniformly distributed lateral pressure.

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
uct that includes, but is not limited to, blast resistant glazing,
3.1.11 load resistance, n—the 3-second duration uniform
framing systems, connections, and materials, when used, to
lateral load that a glass construction can sustain associated with
adhere the glazing to the frame and hardward.
Document Preview
a probability of breakage of 8 L per 1000 as determined from
3.1.3 design load, n—magnitude in kPa (psf) of 3-second Practice E1300.
duration uniformly distributed lateral pressure.
3.1.12 maximum air blast pressure, n—the peak reflected
3.1.4 equivalent TNT charge mass, n—mass of TNT placed positive pressure that the blast resistant glazing will experi-
on the ground in a hemisphere that represents ASTM F2248-19
the design ence.
explosive threat.
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3.1.13 probability of breakage (Pb), n—the fraction of glass
NOTE 1—If a different high explosive material comprises the design lites or plies that would break at the first occurrence of a
threat, tables exist to convert its mass to an equivalent TNT mass. Refer specified design load, typically expressed in lites per 1000.
to Test Method F1642/F1642M, for example.
3.1.14 standoff distance, n—the distance from the glazing
3.1.5 glass breakage, n—the fracture of any lite or ply in
surface to the centroid of a hemispherical high explosive
monolithic, laminated, or insulating glass.
charge.
3.1.6 glass types:
3.1.6.1 annealed (AN) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, glass lite 4. Summary of Practice
of uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses are 4.1 This practice facilitates the determination of a 3-second
nearly zero as defined in Specification C1036. duration design load associated with a specified weight of a
3.1.6.2 chemically strengthened glass, n—glass that has hemispherical TNT charge located at a specified standoff
been strengthened by ion-exchange to produce a compressive distance from a building fenestration.
stress at the treated surface as defined in Specification C1422/ 4.2 The design load shall be used in conjunction with
C1422M. Practice E1300 to select the thickness(es) and glass type(s) for
3.1.6.3 fully tempered (FT) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, blast resistant glazing comprised of a single lite of laminated
glass plate of uniform thickness made from annealed glass glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass.
subjected to a special heat treatment process whereby the
5. Significance and Use
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 This practice provides a design load suitable for sizing
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM blast resistant glazing comprised of laminated glass or insulat-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ing glass fabricated with laminated glass.
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 5.2 Blast resistant glazing comprised of laminated glass or
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass shall be sized