PAINTS , VARNISHES AND DISTEMPERS
PAINT : VARNISHES :
Is a decorative element that provides protection to a surface . Varnish is a transparent , hard , protective coating or film ,
These coatings can be applied on metals , wood , plastics and primarily used in wood finishing and also on another
concrete . materials . It is a solution of resin or resinous substances
Components of paint : prepared in either alcohol or turpentine .
1. Base pigment : provides durability and protection to the paint.
Compoents of varnish :
2. Binder : facilitates spread of paint and binds paint and surface.
1. Drier oil/ drier : accelerates drying process , ex :
( ex: linseed oil, resins , bitumen )
linseed oil , tung oil , walnut oil .
3. Thinner / solvent : adjusts viscosity of paint to suit method of 2. Resin : example : amber , kauri , gum , dammer .
application .
(ex: method of application - brushing , rolling , spraying ) 3. Thinner : tradionally turpentine is used . ( or white
(ex: thinner – turpentine : oil paints and water : emulsion paints ) spirit / paint thinner )
4. Drier : accelerates process of drying of paint . ( ex: dissolved
volatile liquids )
5. Colouring pigments / extenders : fine particles providing colour
to the paint. Types of varnishes :
2 types of paints : 1. oil varnishes
2. spirit varnishes
1. water based ~ latex based paints - water thinned
3. turpentine varnishes
2. Mineral based ~oil based paint – alkyd resin based thinned with 4. water varnishes
spirits
SAANVI KARGODE SURAJ
FACULTY : SECTION – A
MMBC - 03 PAINTS VARNISHES AND DISTEMPERS ANAND KRISHNAMURTHY USN – 4CM23AT058
DISTEMPER :
Distempers :
are cheap water based paints applied to plastered
surfaces . They are the lower grade of wall paints
next to colour washing . They contain powdered
chalk as base along with other binders .
Composition of distemper :
1. water
2. chalk
3. pigments
4. binder
2 classes of distempers :
1. dry distemper
2. oil bound distemper
distemper paints are directly applied on the walls.
SAANVI KARGODE SURAJ
FACULTY :
MMBC - 03 PAINTS VARNISHES AND DISTEMPERS ANAND KRISHNAMURTHY
SECTION – A
USN – 4CM23AT058
TYPES OF PAINTS :
CEMENT PAINTS : AUTOMOBILE/ DUCO PAINT :
These paints contain white cement , colouring pigments Duco Paints is a well-known brand that makes high-quality paints,
especially for cars and industrial use. Its products, like basecoats and
, accelerators and other additives ground together in
clearcoats, are popular for being long-lasting and giving a smooth, shiny
fine powder . It is available in various colours . The finish. Duco paints are strong, resist fading, and work well in tough
surface to be applied should not be smooth for its conditions.
application .
It allows the walls to breathe . Normal cement paints
require curing of the painted surface .
They can be applied on damp walls .
Duco paints can also be used on furniture like – tables , cabinets ,
Vinly Emuslion paints : cupboards
vinyl emulsion paints are used for walls ceilings , and each disadvantage of duco paint is that it tends to chip off easily and needs a
gives a different finish . reapplication every year / once in 2 years
Vinyl matt – matt finish on the walls
vinyl satin emulsion – soft subtle sheen finish on walls
vinyl silk emulsion – high sheen finish on walls
- walls first need a coat of primer before applying the vinyl
paint .
Each application is allowed to cure for 6-8 hrs . PU PAINT – POLYURETHENE PAINT :
Polyurethane paint is a strong, durable coating used in cars, industries,
and businesses. It is made from ingredients that help it stick well, last
long, and stay smooth. This paint gives a glossy finish, is resistant to
Synthetic enamel paints : scratches and chips, and works well in busy or high-wear areas. Some
the medium for these paints are chemical compounds , types can flex with temperature changes without cracking.
one type being oil modified alkyd resin . They have
greater durability and corrosion resistance . They come
in various colours . Used for metal and wood work .
FACULTY : SAANVI KARGODE SURAJ
MMBC - 03 PAINTS VARNISHES AND DISTEMPERS ANAND KRISHNAMURTHY SECTION – A
USN – 4CM23AT058
POWDER COATING : NATURAL PAINTS :
Natural paints are eco-friendly coatings made from renewable materials
Powder coating is a dry finishing process that applies a protective like plant oils, resins, minerals, and pigments, offering a safer alternative
or decorative layer to surfaces. It is widely used in automotive, to synthetic paints with harmful chemicals.
industrial, and architectural applications for its durability and
environmental benefits.
Composition:
Binders: Substances like linseed oil, soybean oil, casein, bee's wax, and
ANNODISING PAINT : natural resins that help paint adhere.
Anodizing is an electrochemical process used to create a Pigments: Natural colors from earth minerals, clay, and plant dyes.
protective oxide layer on the surface of metals, primarily aluminum.
This layer is durable, corrosion-resistant, and can be colored, Solvents: Turpentine, citrus solvent, and water used to adjust paint
offering both aesthetic and functional benefits. Anodizing itself is consistency.
not a type of paint, but it can be enhanced with dyes or used as a
base for subsequent coatings. Additives: Essential oils for fragrance and preservation, and thickeners
Ex: Anodized aluminum is used in architectural elements like like starch.
window frames, panels, and building facades due to its strength
and aesthetic appeal.
TYPES OF NATURAL PAINTS :
1. Oil based natural paints
2. casein paints
3. lime paints
4. clay paints
5. milk paints
SAANVI KARGODE SURAJ
FACULTY :
SECTION – A
MMBC - 03 PAINTS VARNISHES AND DISTEMPERS ANAND KRISHNAMURTHY
USN – 4CM23AT058
STONE CLADDING :
CLADDING : Stone cladding is the use of natural stone materials on a building's
exterior for both aesthetic and protective purposes. It's favored in
Cladding is a construction method where a layer of material residential and commercial buildings for its durability, beauty, and
is applied to the exterior of a building for protection, weather resistance
insulation, and aesthetic purposes. It acts as a skin or
envelope over the structure, providing benefits like MATERIALS :
weather resistance, energy efficiency, and improved 1. GRANITE
appearance. 2. LIMESTONE
3. SLATE
TYPES OF CLADDING : 4. SANDSTONE ( yellow , red , pink jodhpur )
1. TILE 5. MARBLE
2.. BRICK
3.. STONE ~A poly sulphide sealant or a cement sealant paste is applied on wall
4. MASONRY On which a stone of 20-30 mm thickness is cladded. Can create
various patterns in claddings
random rubble – is only aesthetic not structural
- Weather resistant
BRICK CLADDING : - low maintainance
Brick Cladding is a non-load bearing exterior layer of brick applied - fire resistant
to a building for decorative and protective purposes. It enhances - durable
the building's aesthetic appeal while offering weather resistance - insulating
and durability.
- Traditional brick TILE CLADDING :
- Thin brick ceramic tiles are cladded in bathroom or kitchen walls .
- Mortar is used to bind the bricks or brick tiles to the surface .
FACULTY : SAANVI KARGODE SURAJ
CLADDING ANAND KRISHNAMURTHY SECTION – A
MMBC - 03 USN – 4CM23AT058
CLADDING :
Dry cladding systems attach cladding materials to a
building’s exterior using mechanical fasteners, clips, and rails,
without the need for mortar or adhesives. These systems are
popular due to their efficiency, ease of installation, and
design flexibility.
Interlocking Systems: Some systems use interlocking panels
or tiles that slide into place, creating a seamless finish with
hidden fasteners. This system reduces the visual impact of
the installation and ensures a uniform look.
Systems used to clad without wet sealants Uses steel clamps
and tracks to hold stone or a brick Creates a cleft of around
30 to 45 mm (1”- 1.5”) in between face of the wall and stone
covering, providing a layer of air cushion that acts as a
thermal barrier
STACKING STONES SYSTEM :
Stacking stone tiles, also known as stacked stone veneer or
ledger stone, are a popular cladding material used for both
interior and exterior applications. These tiles are typically
made from natural stone or manufactured materials and are
designed to be stacked in a dry-stacked, modular manner to
create a textured, layered appearance.
FACULTY : SAANVI KARGODE SURAJ
MMBC - 03 CLADDING ANAND KRISHNAMURTHY SECTION – A
USN – 4CM23AT058
