PHY/IV/EC/07

2021
( CBCS )

( 4th Semester )

PHYSICS

FOURTH PAPER

( Atomic, Nuclear Physics–I and Solid-State Physics–I )

Full Marks : 75

Time : 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
( Please read the instructions carefully before you start writing your answers )
1. Questions should be attempted as per instructions.
2. Do not copy the Questions. Indicate the Section and Question No. clearly
while attempting the answer.
3. For Multiple choice answer, candidate should indicate the Question No.,
Sub. No., (if any) and the correct answer. For example :
1. Name the State capital of Mizoram.
(a) Lunglei
(b) Aizawl
(c) Champhai
Candidate should provide answer as—Q. No. 1 : (b) Aizawl
[ Candidate should avoid writing only (b) ]
4. The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

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 ( SECTION : A—OBJECTIVE )
( Marks : 10 )

Choose the correct answer from the options provided : 1×10=10

1. Which of the following is quantized in Bohr’s theory?

(a) Potential energy
(b) Kinetic energy
(c) Velocity
(d) Angular momentum

2. The most energetic photon in a continuous X-ray spectrum has an energy

approximately equal to the
(a) energy of all the electrons in a target atom
(b) kinetic energy of an incident-beam electron
(c) rest energy mc 2 of an electron
(d) total energy of a K-electron in the target atom

3. An alpha particle consists of

(a) one proton and two neutrons
(b) two protons and one neutron
(c) two protons and two neutrons
(d) one proton and one neutron

4. The energy we get in nuclear reaction comes from the

(a) energy we put into the reactor
(b) mass of the fuel
(c) water
(d) sun

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 5. The number of tetrad axis of symmetry possessed by crystal is

(a) 2

(b) 3

(c) 4

(d) 6

6. Copper has FCC structure and the atomic radius is 0·1278 nm. The
interplaner spacing for (1 1 1) will be

(a) 0·205 nm

(b) 0·209 nm

(c) 0·207 nm

(d) 0·203 nm

7. The minimum interplaner spacing required for Bragg’s diffraction in crystal

is

(a) l / 4

(b) l / 2

(c) l

(d) 2l

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 8. In Bragg’s reflection for X-ray of wavelength 1 Å, the reflection was found at
a glancing angle of 30°. The spacing between the lattice planes is

(a) 2 Å

(b) 1 Å

(c) 2 Å

(d) 4 Å

9. The average energy of an electron gas in one-dimension in the ground state

is equal to

(a) 1 Fermi energy

2

(b) 1 Fermi energy

3

(c) 1 Fermi energy

4

(d) Fermi energy

10. What will be the Fermi velocity of an electron if e F = 7 × 04 eV and mass of

electron is 9 × 11 ´ 10 -31 kg?

(a) 1 m/s

(b) 1 × 75 ´ 10 6 m/s

(c) 1 × 57 ´ 10 6 m/s

(d) 3 ´ 10 8 m/s

/51 4 [ Contd.
 ( SECTION : B—SHORT ANSWER )
( Marks : 15 )

Answer the following questions : 3×5=15

1. State and explain the Duane-Hunt law.

OR
A photon of wavelength 6000 nm collides with an electron at rest. After
undergoing Compton scattering, wavelength of scattered photon changes
by one Compton wavelength. Calculate the angle by which the photon is
scattered.

2. Why is the mass of any stable atom being less than the sum of the masses
of its constituents?
OR
Show that the density of a nucleus is independent of its mass number.

3. Show that 5-fold rotation axis is not compatible with crystal lattice.
OR
Find the packing fraction for FCC structure.

4. Show that every reciprocal lattice vector is perpendicular to the lattice

plane of the crystal.
OR
How does Laue’s approach differ from Bragg’s approach?

5. What are the limitations of Einstein theory of specific heat of solid?

OR
What are the similarities between electrical and thermal conductivity of
metals?

/51 5 [ Contd.
 ( SECTION : C—DESCRIPTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

Answer the following questions : 10×5=50

1. (a) What is Compton effect? Find the expression for change in wavelength
of photon scattered through an angle. 7
(b) Find the value of maximum wavelength change in Compton effect if the
Compton wavelength is 2·426 pm. 3
OR
2. (a) Describe in brief the analysis of positive ray by Thomson parabola
method. 7
(b) How does it help in the discovery of stable isotopes? 3

3. (a) Deduce the law of radioactive disintegration. Show that the atoms
having large disintegration constant have shorter lifetime. 5+2=7
(b) Show that the average/mean lifetime for particle decay is 1·44 times
greater than the half-life. 3
OR
4. (a) From the proton-proton cycle and carbon-nitrogen cycle, explain the
origin of stellar energy. 7
(b) What are the four types of nuclear fission? Give example. 3

5. (a) Mention the 23-point group symmetry elements of cubic crystals with
diagrams. 7
(b) If the intercepts of crystal plane along the three crystal axes are
(2, 3, 1), find the Miller indices. 3
OR
6. (a) Draw a diamond crystal structure and find the atomic packing fraction
for it. 6
(b) What is coordination number? What are the coordination numbers of
SC, BCC and FCC crystal structures? 4

/51 6 [ Contd.
 7. (a) What do you mean by reciprocal lattice? 3
r r
r
(b) Show that a * = 2p r r´ c r
(b )
, where the symbols have their usual
a ×b ´ c
meanings. 7
OR
8. (a) What is Madelung constant? Find the Madelung constant for NaCl in
three dimensions. 2+5=7
(b) What is the Cohesive energy of crystal? 3

9. (a) What are the assumptions of Einstein theory of specific heat? Obtain
the expression for specific heat of solid at low and high temperatures
according to this theory. 2+6=8
(b) Mention two reasons why free electron theory of metal assumed weak
interaction between conduction electrons. 2
OR
10. (a) Show that at a particular temperature, the ratio of thermal
conductivity to the electrical conductivity is the same for all metals. 6
(b) Discuss the effect of temperature on the occupancy of energy levels. 4

HHH

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