H11- Engineering Mathematics-I

(Solution)Tutorial Sheet No. 7

du
1. Find if,
dt
(a) x 3 + y 3 ; where x ==
u= acos t, y bsint
Ans:
u=x 3 + y 3 ; where x ==
acos t, y b sin t
du ∂u dx ∂u dy
We have= + − − − − − − − − − − − (i)
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt
u= x 3 + y 3 − − − − − (ii)
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. x
∂u
= 3x 2
∂x
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. y
∂u
= 3y 2
∂y
dx dy
x= acos t ∴ = −asin t also y = b sin t ∴ = b cos t
dt dt
Substituting all the values in (ii we get,
du
= 3x 2 ⋅ ( −asin t ) + 3y2 ⋅ b cos t
dt
−3a ( acos t ) sin t + 3b (b sin t ) cos t =
2 2
= −3a3 cos2 t sin t + 3b3 sin2 t cos t
= 3sin t cos t (b3 sin t − a3 cos t )
y
(b) = =
u cosh   ; where x t2=
, y et
x
Ans:
y
=u cosh   ; where = x t2= , y et
x
du ∂u dx ∂u dy
We have= + − − − − − − − − − − − (i)
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt
y
= u cosh   − − − − − (ii)
x
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. x
∂u  y  −y
= sinh   ⋅ 2
∂x x x
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. y
∂u y 1
= sinh   ⋅
∂y x x
dx dy
x = t2 ∴ = 2t Also y = et ∴ = et
dt dt
Substituting all in (ii) we get,
du  y  −y y 1 t 1 y
= sinh   ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2t + sinh   ⋅ =
⋅e 2
sinh   xet − 2yt 
dt x x x x x x

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 du 1
2. If sin−1 ( x − y ) where x=3t and y= 4t3, show that =
dt 1 − t2

Ans:
du ∂u dx ∂u dy
= ⋅ + ⋅ − − − −(i)
dx ∂x dt ∂y dt
=u sin−1 ( x − y )
∂u 1
= and
∂x 1 − (x − y)
2

∂u 1 −1
= = × −1
∂y 1 − (x − y)
2
1 − (x − y)
2

dx
x = 3t ∴ = 3
dt
dy
y = 4t3 ∴ = 12t2
dt
Substiiyuting all in (i)

=
du 1
⋅3+
−1
= ⋅ 12t 2 3 − 12t2
=
(
3 1 − 4t2 )
dx 1 − (x − y) 1 − (x − y) 1 − (x − y) 1 − ( 3t − 4t )
2 2 2 2
3

==
(
3 1 − 4t2 ) =
(
3 1 − 4t2 ) 3 (1 − 4t )
2

1 − 9t2 + 24t4 − 16t6 ( )(

=
(
3 1 − 4t2 ) 3
( )
1 − 4t2 1 − t2 1 − t2

du
3. =
Find , if u xlog ( xy ) , where
= x 3 + y 3 + 3xy 1
dx

Ans:
u xlog ( xy ) , where
= x 3 + y 3 + 3xy 1
du ∂u ∂u dy
We have = + − − − − − − − − − − − (i)
dx ∂x ∂y dx
u = xlog ( xy )
= xlog x + xlog y − − − − − (ii)
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. x
∂u 1
= x + log x + log y = 1 + log x + log y = 1 + log ( xy ) − − − − − (iii)
∂x x
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. y
∂u 1 x
= 0+x⋅ = − − − − − (iiii)
∂y y y

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 x 3 + y 3 + 3xy =
1, which is an implicit function
∴ f = x 3 + y 3 + 3xy
∂f
= 3x 2 + 0 + 3y= 3 ( x 2 + y )
∂x
∂f
=0 + 3y2 + 3x =3 ( y2 + x )
∂y
∂f
dy ∂x 3 ( x2 + y ) ( x2 + y )
=− = − =
− 2
dx ∂f 3 ( y2 + x ) (y + x)
∂y
Substituting all in (i)
x − (x + y) x ( x2 + y )
2
du
1 + log ( xy ) + ⋅ 2
= 1 + log ( xy ) −
=
dx y (y + x) y ( y2 + x )

4. Find the total derivative of x2y w.r.t. x where x2 + xy + y2 = 1

Ans:
Let u = x 2 y
where x 2 + xy + y2 = 1
du ∂u ∂u dy
We have = + − − − − − − − − − − − (i)
dx ∂x ∂y dx
=
u x 2 y − − − − − (ii)
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. x
∂u
= 2xy − − − − − (iii)
∂x
Differentiating (ii) partially w.r.t. y
∂u 2
= x − − − − − (iiii)
∂y
x 2 + xy + y2 =
1, which is an implicit function
∴ f = x 2 + xy + y 2
∂f
= 2x + y
∂x
∂f
= x + 2y
∂y
∂f
dy 2x + y
=− ∂x = −
dx ∂f x + 2y
∂y
Substituting all in (i)
du − ( 2x + y ) 2xy ( x + 2y ) − x 2 ( 2x + y ) x 2y ( x + 2y ) − x ( 2x + y ) 
= 2xy + x 2 ⋅ = =
dx ( x + 2y ) ( x + 2y ) ( x + 2y )
x ( 2xy + 4y2 − 2x 2 − xy ) x ( xy + 4y2 − 2x 2 )
=
( x + 2y ) ( x + 2y )

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 ∂f ∂ψ dz ∂f ∂ψ
5. If f(x, y) = 0 and ψ(y,z) = 0, show that ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅
∂y ∂x dx ∂x ∂y

Ans:
f(x, y) = 0 and ψ(y,z) = 0
∴ f(x, y) and ψ(y,z) are implicit functions
Since f(x, y) = 0 is an implicit function,
∂f
dy
= − ∂x
dx ∂f
∂y
Since ψ(y,z) = 0 is an implicit function,
∂ψ
dz ∂y
= −
dy ∂ψ
∂z
dz dz dy
We knowthat = ⋅ − − − − − − − − − − − (i)
dx dy dx
 ∂ψ   ∂f  ∂ψ ∂f
⋅
dz  ∂y   
∂x  ∂y ∂x
∴ =−  ⋅  −= ⋅
dx  ∂ψ   ∂f  ∂ψ ∂f
⋅
 ∂z   ∂y  ∂z ∂y
dz ∂ψ ∂f ∂ψ ∂f
∴ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅
dx ∂z ∂y ∂y ∂x

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