Dr.

NABIL YASSIEN
Director
10/20/2024 of Energy Management Center at Assiut University
Nabil Y. Abdel-Shafi 2
nyassien@[Link]
 Lecture (1)
Course Description
This is an engineering introduction
to renewable energy technologies
and potentials. The course aims to
introduce a general engineering
/science audience to the basic
concepts of renewable energy.
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 Course Objectives
1) Understand fundamental scientific concepts
and principles of renewable energy resources
and related technologies.

2) The course contains several examples from

real world applications and in-progress
industrial developments.

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 Course Topics
Introduction
Energy: Past, Today, and Future.
A brief history of energy consumption.
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Biomass Energy
Geothermal Energy
Hydropower Energy
Hydrogen
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 Course texts and references
Course text:
1- Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable
Energy, Mehmet Kanoğlu,Yunus A. Çengel and John M.
Cimbala, 1st Edition,McGraw-Hill Education, 2020
2- Renewable Energy Sources: Engineering,
Technology, Innovation: ICORES 2017 (Springer
Proceedings in Energy) 1st ed. 2018 Edition
3- Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes 4th Ed
John A. Duffie and William A. Beckman, 2013.
Lecture notes
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 Course grades
The course grade will be based on:
1 Homework and Quizzes 10 %

2 First Test 14 %
100%
3 Oral Test 16 %

4 Final Exam 60 %
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 What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to do work
 There are different forms of energy on earth.

 The sun is considered the elemental form of

energy on earth.

The SI unit of energy is Joule.

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 What is Energy?

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 BACKGROUND
The current world population is 8.18
billion as of Sept. 2024. (according to the most
recent United Nations estimates(

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 BACKGROUND
The current population of Egypt is 116,984,960
(as of Saturday, September 28, 2024)

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 BACKGROUND
 Egypt population is equivalent to 1.43% of the
total world population.
 Egypt ranks number 13 in the list of countries
by population.
 The population density in Egypt is 117 per km2
 The total land area is 995,450 km2 .

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 BACKGROUND
Egypt Population Forecast

Egypt
Yearly % Density World Global
Year Population Change (P/km²) Population Rank
2025 118,365,995 1.60 % 119 8,231,613,070 13

2030 127,139,322 1.44 % 128 8,569,124,911 13

2035 136,097,217 1.37 % 137 8,885,210,181 13

2040 145,213,654 1.31 % 146 9,177,190,203 11

2045 153,919,189 1.17 % 155 9,439,639,668 11

2050 161,630,192 0.98 % 162 9,664,378,587 11

Source: Worldometer ([Link])

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 BACKGROUND
Main Cities by Population in Egypt
# CITY NAME POPULATION
1 Cairo 9,606,916
2 New Cairo 313,139
3 Alexandria 5,263,542
4 Giza 4,367,343
5 Minya 283,605
6 Assiut 528,669
7 Sohag 266,944
8 Qina 252,883
9 Aswan 379,774
Source: Worldometer ([Link])

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 BACKGROUND
World GDP = $ 105.44 trillion in 2023;
= $ 154 trillion in 2030
 Egypt GDP = $ 395,926.08 in 2023

World Electricity Demand

= 9,000 billion kWh in 2010;
= 31,000 billion kWh in 2030
World energy demand will increases 50 %
by 2050. (EIA)
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
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 BACKGROUND

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 BACKGROUND

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 IMPORTANT ENERGY UNITS

MJ – Gcal – Mtoe – Mbtu – GWh

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 IMPORTANT ENERGY UNITS

• The barrel of oil equivalent

(boe) is a unit of energy based
on the approximate energy
released by burning one barrel
(42 U.S. gallons or 158.9873
liters) of crude oil. The U.S.
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 IMPORTANT ENERGY UNITS
• The tone of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of
energy defined as the amount of energy
released by burning one tone of crude oil.
 1 toe = 11.63 megawatt hours
 1 toe = 41.87 gigajoules
 1 toe = 39,683,205.411 BTU
 1 toe = 7.11, 7.33, or 7.4 (boe)
 1 tone petroleum equivalent (TPE), as used in
renewable energy, 45.217 GJ (gigajoules).

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 Forms of Energy
• Energy can be found in many forms
• Can be converted from one form or
another
• Conversion can be both man made
and a natural process
• Forms include chemical, thermal,
elastic, radiant, mechanical and
nuclear.
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 CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES
Energy Resources

Based on Based on Long Basedon

Based on Based on
Traditional term Comamercial
usability Origin
Use availability application

Primary Conventional Renewable Commercial Fossil

Secondary Non-Conventional Non-Renewable Non- Commercial Nuclear
Hydro
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Geothermal
Wave
Ocean

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 CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES
Primary Energy Sources
These resources are available in the form of raw
material.
• Fossil fuels, Earth interior, Earth gravity are the
examples of primary energy sources.
• Common primary energy sources are fossil fuels.
• Coal, oil, natural gas, petrol, diesel biomass etc are
the derivatives of fossil fuels.
• Thermal energy stored in earth interior
• Potential energy due to earth gravity
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 CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES

Secondary Energy Sources

• The primary energy sources are mostly
converted in industrial utilities into secondary
energy sources.
Coal or Gas Steam and Electricity
• Steam, Electricity etc are the examples of
Secondary Energy Sources.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES
Commercial Energy Sources
Coal, electricity and petroleum are known as
commercial energy since the consumer needs to
pay its price to buy them.
Non-commercial Energy Sources
Generally, the freely available energy sources
are considered non-commercial energy
sources. Examples of non-commercial energy
sources include straw, dried dung, firewood.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES
Conventional Sources of Energy are also known
as non-renewable sources of energy and are
available in limited quantity apart from hydro-
electric power. Further, it is classified under
commercial and non-commercial energy.
Non-conventional sources are also known as
renewable sources of energy. Examples of non-
conventional sources of energy include solar
energy, bioenergy, tidal energy and wind
energy.
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 CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES
Renewable
Renewable (an energy source that can be easily
replenished)
Non-renewable
Nonrenewable (an energy source that cannot
be easily recreated)

Today, 85% of primary energy comes from non-

renewable and fossil sources (coal, oil, etc.).

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The major types of renewable energy sources are:
Renewable energy technologies harness the
power of the sun, wind, and heat from the
Earth’s core, and then transforms it into usable
forms of energy like heat, electricity, and fuel.
1. Wind

2. Solar

3. Geothermal
4. Hydropower

5. Biomass

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