Section & group no.: B,GP:6 Roll No.

:2023_EE_072

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE216: Electronic Devices & Circuits

Experiment 1

Objectives
 To plot the VD-ID curve of a diode.

Apparatus required

1N4007 diode, 100 Ω resistor

PRECAUTIONS
 Keep all connections as short as possible.
 Before applying DC power supplies to the circuit make sure that they are
all set to zero volts.
 Switch off the power supplies before making any change in the circuit.

1- Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1. Apply a 1 KHz, 12 Vpk-pk

triangular wave with a DC offset of 4 V, at Vin.

Figure 1

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Section & group no.: B,GP:6 Roll No.:2023_EE_072

Figure 1.1

2- Press the XY button on the oscilloscope. Switch both channels to GND.

A dot will appear onthe screen. This is origin of the plot. Place this dot
at a suitable position on the screen.
3- Now switch both channels to DC. A curve will appear on the screen
similar to the one shown in Figure 2. This is V D-ID curve of the diode
rotated around Y-axis (ID axis).

Figure 2

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Section & group no.: B,GP:6 Roll No.:2023_EE_072

Figure 2.1

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Section & group no.: B,GP:6 Roll No.:2023_EE_072

Figure 2.2
4- For the VD values given in Table 2 measure the corresponding I D values
from the curve. In this case ID is equal to the Y-axis value divided by R 1.
Note down the values in Table 1.

VD (V) ID (mA)
-0.8 0
-0.6 0
-0.4 0
-0.2 0
0 0
0.2 0
0.4 0
0.6 0
0.7 20
0.8 60
Table 1

VD
5- A real diode follows the equation I D =I s (e ¿ ¿ − 1)¿ where IS and VT are constants. IS
VT
is called the “reverse saturation current” and VT is the thermalvoltage having a value of
25mV at room temperature. Write a python or MATLAB code that uses curve fitting on
the data given in Table 1 to find the value of IS

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
# Given data (VD in V, ID in mA)
VD = np.array([-0.8, -0.6, -0.4, -0.2, 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8])
ID = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20, 60]) # Current in mA
# Thermal voltage (VT) in volts
VT = 25e-3
# Diode equation
def diode_eq(VD, IS):
return IS * (np.exp(VD / VT) - 1)
# Curve fitting
initial_guess = [1e-12] # Initial guess for IS
popt, _ = curve_fit(diode_eq, VD, ID, p0=initial_guess)
# Extract the fitted value of IS
IS_fitted = popt[0]
# Plot the data and fitted curve
VD_fit = np.linspace(-0.8, 0.8, 100) # Generate VD values for smooth curve
ID_fit = diode_eq(VD_fit, IS_fitted) # Compute fitted current
plt.scatter(VD, ID, color='blue', label='Data Points') 4 of 5
plt.plot(VD_fit, ID_fit, color='red', label=f'Fitted Curve (IS = {IS_fitted:.2e} A)')
plt.xlabel('VD (V)')
plt.ylabel('ID (mA)')
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Is = 7.64e-13 A

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