CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The current study role of family in prevention of HIV/AIDS in the study area. Majority of the
family had information from different sources and they are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS
transmission menses and its prevention methods. Level of awareness and knowledge of
HIV/AIDS among youth. Only 99.0% have ever heard of HIV/AIDS this difference may be due
to the contribution of health extension program especially the promotion of Information
Education Communication (IEC) in the facility, community and at household. And 59.9% they
know how HIV/AIDS is transmitted. 74.6% disagree that HIV/AIDS can be cured. This was
higher when compared to similar study conducted in Nigeria where only reported family as the
first source of information. 73.9% they know where to get tested for HIV/AIDS.
Families shape the attitudes and behaviors of youth towards HIV/AIDS prevention where 55.6% that
parents/guardians discuss HIV/AIDS with their children, and 56.3% that the family members use
model safe behaviors (e.g., condom use, HIV testing). 71.8% that families provide accurate
information about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention.
This finding is consistent with the Abali, Ekwunife, Mbagwu, Momoh and Okonta (2017) who
conducted in western Nigerian city regular condom use. It is also similar with 2011 DHS report
which indicated the percentage of adolescents who reported that HIV can be prevented by using
condoms and limiting sexual partners.
Communication patterns and strategies do families use to discuss HIV/AIDS prevention with
their youth. In this study about 55.6% of the respondents agree that family members initiate open
and honest conversations about HIV/AIDS, and 79.5% of the respondents agree that discussions
about HIV/AIDS prevention age-appropriate and tailored to the youth's level of understanding.
The difference might be due to cultural variations among the countries regarding communication
on sexuality and HIV/AIDS with parent.
Family factors (such as parental education, socioeconomic status, and family structure) influence
HIV/AIDS prevention among youth. 84.5% 0f the respondents agree that parents with higher
education levels provide more accurate information about HIV/AIDS to their children, and
90.8% of the respondents agree socioeconomic status associated with access to HIV/AIDS
education and prevention resources, 69.1% of the respondents believe that youth from single-
parent households have different levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS compared to those from
two-parent households.
This may suggest that adolescents in the study area fear their parents, culture and religion and
this can be considered as the main barriers. This is also supported by Adefioye and Arulogun
(2019) that parents where majority of the discussants said that most of the time they are engaged
in giving advice to be abstained than talking about condom since they take it as shame. Mothers’
tendency to discuss on HIV/AIDS issues was significantly associated with their educational
level. Those mothers whose educational level was secondary and above.
5.2 CONCLUSION
In conclusion majority of the adolescents knew about HIV/AIDS prevention and ways of
transmission. Both youth and parents had good attitude towards the importance of
communication on HIV/AIDS prevention. There was positive attitude towards avoiding
premarital sex both in the students’ survey and focus group discussion of the parents.
Nevertheless, family communication was considerably low on some sexual and reproductive
health issues related to HIV/AIDS prevention like condom use and premarital sex.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made:
1. There is a need to equip families with appropriate communication skill on sexuality and RH
related issues.
2. Effective sexual education should be introduced to youth at an early age at family level and at
school.
3. Communities should be sensitized and encouraged for open discussion among family
members in general and between parents and children in particular.
4. Furthermore, further studies should be conducted to examine what trigger equality and timing
of role of family on preventing HIV/AIDS and related issues and the effect of communication on
safe sexual behaviors.
5.4 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES
i. Study should be conducted to cover other institutions in the state to see the need for tracing
communities that are necessary intervention.
ii. The researcher suggests that studies should be extended to remote area of Hinna community in
order to evaluate the awareness of the people of Hinna community about sex education
programmers.
iii. Studies should be conducted to find out the setbacks in preventing teenage pregnancy despite
the strategies available on ground for Hinna community.
References
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the Nigerian Journal of Applied Psychology 6 (1 and 2): 99-105
Afonja, Simi and Pearce, Olu (1986) Social Change in Nigeria. Ibadan: Longman
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Trajectory. In Social Science and Medicine 41(3): 303-315.
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UNAIDS and WHO (2001) AIDS Epidemic Update, Geneva, June.
APPENDIX
Gombe State College Of Health and
Sciences and Technology
P.M.B 042
Kaltungo, Gombe State
Dear Respondents,
I am student of Public Health Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology
Kaltungo. I am conducting a research work on the topic “Role of Family in Preventing
HIV/AIDS in Hinna”
Kindly respond appropriately to the question by taking the box provided. All
information collected will be treated with absolute confidentiality and be used for
academic purpose only.
Thank you in anticipation of your co-operation
Yours faithfully
Naima Hassan
20/PHT/089
INSTRUCTION
Please tick in the appropriate box {} the best that describe your opinion
SECTION ‘’A’’ PERSONAL DEMOGRAPHIC DATA.
1. AGE
[a] 13-19 { } [b] 20-21 { } [c] 22-23 { } [d] 24-25 { }
2. SEX
[a] Male { } [b] Female { }
3. RELIGION
[a] Christianity { } [b] Islam { } [c] Others { }
4. EDUCATION BACKGROUND
[a] Primary { } [b] Secondary { } [c] Tertiary { } [d] Others { }
5. OCCUPATION
[a] Student { } [b] Civil servant { } [c] Farmer { } [d ]Others { }
6. MARITAL STATUS
[a] Married { } [b] Single { } [c] Divorce { } [d] Others
SECTION ‘’B’’ WHAT IS THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF
HIV/AIDS AMONG YOUTH
7. Have you ever heard of HIV/AIDS?
[a] yes { } [b] no
8. Do you know how HIV/AIDS is transmitted?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
9. Can HIV/AIDS be cured?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
10. Do you know where to get tested for HIV/AIDS?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
SECTION ‘’C’’ HOW DO FAMILIES SHAPE THE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF
YOUTH TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PREVENTION
11. Do parents/guardians discuss HIV/AIDS with their children?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
12. Do family members model safe behaviors (e.g., condom use, HIV testing)?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
13. Do families provide accurate information about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
SECTION ‘’D’’ WHAT COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AND STRATEGIES DO
FAMILIES USE TO DISCUSS HIV/AIDS PREVENTION WITH THEIR YOUTH
14. Do family members initiate open and honest conversations about HIV/AIDS?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
15. Are discussions about HIV/AIDS prevention age-appropriate and tailored to the youth's level
of understanding?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
16. Do family members use clear and straightforward language when discussing HIV/AIDS?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
SECTION ‘’E’’ HOW DO FAMILY FACTORS (SUCH AS PARENTAL EDUCATION,
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND FAMILY STRUCTURE) INFLUENCE HIV/AIDS
PREVENTION AMONG YOUTH
17. Do parents with higher education levels provide more accurate information about HIV/AIDS
to their children?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
18. Is socioeconomic status associated with access to HIV/AIDS education and prevention
resources?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
19. Do youth from single-parent households have different levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS
compared to those from two-parent households?
[a] yes { } [b] no { }
A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed and retrieved as they were returned to the
researcher. Immediately, upon completion which shows 100% response. On sorting out
the completed questionnaire, six (7) were found to be invalid and were sorted out
accounting (4.19%).
The percentage of the questionnaire can thus be calculated:-
A- Number of questionnaire returned (NQR)=153
B- Number of questionnaire administered (NQA)=160
C- Number of invalid questionnaire (NIQ)= 7
A- Percentage of number of questionnaire returned
=NQR/NQA × 100
153
= ×100
160
153 00
=
160
= 95.63
B – Percentage of invalid questionnaire (NIQ)
7 00
=
153
= 4.57
= 4.6
Number of invalid questionnaire can thus be calculated
NQV= NQA – (N QI + NQU)
= 160 – (7 + 0)
= 160 – 6
= 153
Percentage is thus;
NQU/NOA ×100
153/ 160 × 100
153 00
=
160
