DATA, EXPRESSIONS, AND STATEMENTS IN PYTHON

1. Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted, object-oriented, and dynamic programming language. It

is widely used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning,
and automation.

Key Features of Python:

• Easy to Learn – Simple syntax similar to English.

• Interpreted Language – Python executes code line by line (no compilation required).

• Object-Oriented – Supports classes and objects for better code organization.

• Cross-Platform – Works on Windows, Linux, and macOS without modification.

• Extensive Libraries – Provides built-in modules and third-party packages.

2. Python Interpreter

The Python Interpreter is responsible for executing Python code. It works in two modes:

Two Modes of Execution:

1. Immediate Mode (Interactive Mode)

o Type commands directly in the Python Shell (>>>), and it executes

immediately.

o Example:

o >>> print("Hello, Python!")

o Hello, Python!

2. Script Mode

o Write Python programs in a file (.py) and execute them using the interpreter.

o Example: Save the following in script.py and run it using python script.py

o print("Hello, Python!")

3. Values and Data Types

What is a Value?
 • A value is any piece of data that a program manipulates.

• Example:

• 42 # Integer value

• 3.14 # Floating-point value

• "Python" # String value

Standard Data Types in Python:

Data Type Description Example

Integer (int), Floating-point (float), Complex

Numbers 10, 3.14, 2+3j
(complex)

Strings Sequence of characters enclosed in quotes "Hello, World!"

Lists Ordered, mutable collection [1, 2, "Python", 3.5]

Tuples Ordered, immutable collection (10, 20, "AI")

{"name": "Alice", "age":

Dictionaries Key-value pairs
25}

4. Python Numbers

Python supports four types of numbers:

1. Integer (int) – Whole numbers

2. a = 10

3. Float (float) – Decimal numbers

4. b = 3.14

5. Complex (complex) – Numbers with imaginary parts

6. c = 2 + 3j

7. Boolean (bool) – True (1) or False (0)

8. d = True

5. Python Strings

Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in single, double, or triple quotes.

String Operations:

• Indexing: Access characters by position (0 for first, -1 for last).

• Concatenation (+) – Combine strings.

• Repetition (*) – Repeat a string multiple times.

Example:

str1 = "Hello"

str2 = "Python"

print(str1 + " " + str2) # Concatenation

print(str1 * 3) # Repetition

Output:

Hello Python

HelloHelloHello

6. Lists in Python

• Lists are ordered, mutable collections.

• Lists can contain different data types.

List Operations:

Method Description

append(x) Adds item x to the end

insert(i, x) Inserts item x at index i

remove(x) Removes first occurrence of x

pop(i) Removes item at index i

sort() Sorts the list

Example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

fruits.append("orange")

print(fruits) # Output: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']

7. Tuples in Python

• Tuples are ordered, immutable collections.

• Used for fixed data (e.g., coordinates, RGB color values).

Example:

coordinates = (10, 20)

print(coordinates[0]) # Output: 10

8. Dictionaries in Python

• Dictionaries store data as key-value pairs.

• Keys must be unique, values can be repeated.

Example:

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}

print(person["name"]) # Output: Alice

9. Variables in Python

• A variable is a named reference to a value.

• Variables are assigned using =.

Example:

x = 10

name = "Alice"

print(x, name)

Rules for Naming Variables:

Must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or _

Can contain letters, digits, and _
Cannot start with a digit
Cannot use Python keywords

Example:

_valid_name = 10 # Valid
2name = "Alice" # Invalid (Cannot start with a digit)

10. Keywords and Identifiers

• Keywords are reserved words (e.g., if, while, return).

• Identifiers are names for variables, functions, classes.

Example:

import keyword

print(keyword.kwlist) # Displays all Python keywords

11. Expressions and Statements

What is an Expression?

• A combination of values, variables, and operators.

• Produces a result.

Example:

result = 10 + 5 # Expression

What is a Statement?

• An instruction that Python executes.

• Does not return a result.

Example:

x = 5 # Assignment statement

if x > 3: # Conditional statement

print("Hello")

12. Operators in Python

Types of Operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, %, **)

2. Comparison Operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=)

3. Logical Operators (and, or, not)

 4. Bitwise Operators (&, |, ^, >>, <<)

5. Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=)

6. Membership Operators (in, not in)

7. Identity Operators (is, is not)

Example:

x=5

y = 10

print(x > y) # False

print(x in [1, 2, 5]) # True

13. Identity and Membership Operators

• Identity Operators (is, is not) – Check if two variables refer to the same object.

• Membership Operators (in, not in) – Check if a value exists in a sequence.

Example:

x = [1, 2, 3]

y=x

print(x is y) # True

print(2 in x) # True

print(5 not in x) # True

1. Explain the Data Types in Python

Python provides several built-in data types to store different kinds of values.

Data Type Description Example

Integer (int), Floating-point (float), Complex

Numbers 10, 3.14, 2+3j
(complex)

Strings Sequence of characters enclosed in quotes "Hello, Python!"

Lists Ordered, mutable collection [1, 2, "Python", 3.5]

Tuples Ordered, immutable collection (10, 20, "AI")

{"name": "Alice", "age":

Dictionaries Key-value pairs
25}

Sets Unordered collection of unique items {1, 2, 3, 4}

Boolean Represents True or False True, False

Example:

x = 10 # Integer

y = 3.14 # Float

z = "Hello" # String

my_list = [1, 2, 3] # List

my_tuple = (10, 20) # Tuple

my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25} # Dictionary

my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4} # Set

is_valid = True # Boolean

2. Illustrate Interpreter and Interactive Mode in Python with Example

Python provides two modes of execution:

1. Interactive Mode (Immediate Mode)

• The Python interpreter executes commands line by line.

• You type a command, and Python immediately executes it.

Example:

>>> print("Hello, Python!")

Hello, Python!

>>> 2 + 3

2. Script Mode

• You write Python code in a file (.py) and run it.

• Used for larger programs.

Example (script.py):

# Save this in script.py

print("Hello, Python!")

Run using:

python script.py

Output:

Hello, Python!

3. Explain Function and Module with Suitable Example

Function in Python

• A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task.

• Helps in code reusability and modularity.

Example:

def greet(name):

print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("Alice") # Output: Hello, Alice!

Module in Python

• A module is a file containing Python code (functions, classes, variables).

• It allows us to reuse code across multiple programs.

Example: Creating a module (mymodule.py):

def add(a, b):

return a + b

Using the module in another script:

import mymodule

print(mymodule.add(5, 3)) # Output: 8

4. Write Short Notes on Types of Operators in Python with Appropriate Example

Python provides several types of operators:

Operator Type Description Example

Arithmetic Operators Perform mathematical operations +, -, *, /, %, **, //

Comparison Operators Compare two values ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

Logical Operators Combine multiple conditions and, or, not

Bitwise Operators Perform bit-level operations `&,

Assignment Operators Assign values to variables =, +=, -=, *=, /=

Membership Operators Check if value exists in sequence in, not in

Identity Operators Check if two variables reference the same object is, is not

Examples:

# Arithmetic Operators

a = 10

b=3

print(a + b) # Output: 13

print(a ** b) # Output: 1000 (Exponentiation)

# Comparison Operators

print(a > b) # Output: True

# Logical Operators

x = True

y = False

print(x and y) # Output: False

# Membership Operator

print(2 in [1, 2, 3]) # Output: True

# Identity Operator

a = [1, 2, 3]

b=a

print(a is b) # Output: True