WELCOME TO BIOLOGY!
CELLS
Structure &
Function
Minds On
Which of these objects are made of cells?
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Minds On
Which of these objects are made of cells?
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Cell Theory - Part 1
What do these objects have in common?
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Cell Theory - Part 1
The cell is the basic unit of life
● All living things are made up of cells!
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Cell Theory - Part 2
How many cells can be found in:
A human body 370000000000000000
An amoeba 100000000000000000
An egg 100000000000000000
A blue whale 100000000000000000
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Cell Theory - Part 2
How many cells can be found in:
A human body 37,000,000,000,000,000,
An amoeba 1,000,000,000,000,000,
An egg 10,000,000,000,000,000,
A blue whale
100,000,000,000,000,000
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Cell Theory - Part 2
Living organisms can have one or many cells
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Cell Theory - Part 3
Where do cells come from?
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Cell Theory - Part 3
All cells come from other cells!
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Review - Cell Theory
Cell Theory has 3 parts:
1)
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Review - Cell Theory
Cell Theory has 3 parts:
1) The cell is the basic unit of life
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Review - Cell Theory
Cell Theory has 3 parts:
1) The cell is the basic unit of life
2)
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Review - Cell Theory
Cell Theory has 3 parts:
1) The cell is the basic unit of life
2) Living organisms can have one or many cells
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Review - Cell Theory
Cell Theory has 3 parts:
1) The cell is the basic unit of life
2) Living organisms can have one or many cells
3)
16
Review - Cell Theory
Cell Theory has 3 parts:
1) The cell is the basic unit of life
2) Living organisms can have one or many cells
3) All cells come from other cells
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Biology = The Study of Living
Things
Can you easily tell what is alive and what is
not alive?
You know that animals and plants are alive,
while rocks and buildings are not.
What makes something alive?
Characteristics of Living Things
1) Living things are made up of cells.
2) Living things can adapt.
3) Living things can reproduce.
4) Living things can develop & grow.
5) Living things are organized.
6) Living things obtain and use energy.
7) Living things respond to stimuli.
Organelles
● An organelle is a small part of a cell
that has a specific function.
● Each organelle helps the cell survive,
grow, and reproduce
● Many organelles have their own
membranes
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
● “Security guard” of the cell
○ Holds the insides of the cell in place
○ Controls which materials are allowed
to enter or exit the cell
○ “Selectively permeable”
Cell Membrane *Extra Info*
The outside of cell membranes are polar/hydrophilic (they “like water” because the have a slight electric charge)
The inside of cell membranes are nonpolar/hydrophobic (they “hate water” because they don’t have an electric charge)
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm Cytoplasm
● Provides shape and structure to the cell
● Keeps everything inside the cell in place
● Made mostly of water
https://youtu.be/glFrp-CmNVA?t=29
**Bonus Info**
Cytoplasm
Inside the Cytoplasm - Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm
● Microfilaments
○ Help control the movement of the cell
as a whole
● Microtubules
○ Moves the organelles within a cell
● Intermediate Filaments
○ Provide strength/structure for the cell
Cilia
Cilia
● Tiny, hair-like projections
● Used for movement or to detect movement
Cilia
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
● Mitochondria
○ Makes energy for the cell
Mitochondria
Food Energy
(Sugar) (ATP)
Vacuoles/Vesicles
● Vacuoles and Vesicles
○ Food and waste storage
○ Vacuoles are larger than vesicles
○ Vesicles can fuse with the cell
membrane
Vacuole
Nucleus/Nucleolus
Nucleus
● Control centre (“brain”) of the cell
● Contains genetic material (DNA)
Nucleus
● Nucleolus
○ Inside the nucleus
○ Makes ribosomes
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
● Found in the nucleus
● Made from long strands of DNA
● Contain the genetic information for Chromosomes
a cell
Organelles - Ribosomes
● Ribosomes
○ Involved in making proteins
○ Can be found floating in the cytoplasm
○ Can be found attached to the
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Organelles - Endoplasmic Reticulum
● Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
○ Covered in ribosomes
○ Involved in making proteins
○ Involved in folding proteins
○ Sends proteins to the Golgi Body
● Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Endoplasmic
○ Involved in making fats Reticulum
Organelles - Golgi Body/Complex/Apparatus
● Golgi Body
○ Delivers proteins from the
Endoplasmic Reticulum to
the rest of the cell and outside
the cell
Golgi Body
Match each organelle with its function
Cell membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Factory Energy Production Cell security Protein Delivery Waste Storage
Match each organelle with its function
Cell membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Factory Energy Production Cell security Protein Delivery Waste Storage
Cell Classification
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryotes
- Single-celled organism
- No nucleus
- Eg) Bacteria
Eukaryotes
- Single-celled or multicellular organisms
- Have a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
- Eg) Fungi, Animals, You!
SPOT THE DIFFERENCES
Animal Cells Plant Cells
More pictures!
Most pictures of cells look similar, but all have slight differences.
Learn what the organelles generally look like!
Plants and Animal Cells
Animal Cells Plant Cells
● Centrosome (2 centrioles) ● Cell wall
○ Used in cell division ○ Provides cell with
structure/support
● Lysosomes ● Chloroplasts
○ Garbage disposal/ ○ Used in photosynthesis
Cleaning crew ○ Contain a green pigment
called chlorophyll
● Many small vacuoles ● One large vacuole
○ Used to store water and
maintain shape
More Organelles Resources!
Organelles Under the Microscope
Match Again!
Identify if each organelle is found in plant cells or animal cells:
Large vacuole Chloroplast Lysosome Cell Wall Small vacuoles Centrosome
Match Again!
Identify if each organelle is found in plant cells or animal cells:
Large vacuole Chloroplast Lysosome Cell Wall Small vacuoles Centrosome
Cell Organelles & Structures Review
Homework
