Enrolment No.
/Seat No_______________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code:3141906 Date:18-07-2024
Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define the following fluid properties: 03
1. Dynamic viscosity
2. Specific gravity
3. Specific weight
(b) Justify that “Intensity of pressure at any point in a fluid at rest is same in all 04
direction”.
(c) Describe capillarity phenomenon. Derive an expression for capillary fall and 07
capillary rise of a liquid.
Q.2 (a) Differentiate: 03
1. Uniform and non-uniform flow
2. Steady and unsteady flow
(b) Write a difference between “absolute pressure” and “gauge pressure”. 04
(c) State and explain – “Hydrostatic law” for pressure variation. 07
OR
(c) A thin square plate 0.3 m × 0.3 m is placed horizontally in the middle of a gap of 07
height 2.5 cm. This gap is filled with oil of viscosity 0.2 Pa·s and the plate is pulled
at constant velocity of 0.2 m/s. Find the total force on the plate.
Q.3 (a) Define the terms “buoyancy” and “centre of buoyancy”. 03
(b) A rectangular block of size 3 m long × 1.5 m wide × 1 m high floats in water such 04
that it’s depth of immersion is 0.8 m. What is the wight of block? Determine
metacentric height and comment on outcome.
(c) Show that the distance between the metacentre (M) and centre of buoyancy (B) is 07
I
expressed by BM = .
V
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the terms rotation and vorticity. 03
(b) Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a three-dimensional flow. 04
(c) If the velocity components are given by, 07
u = 8 + 4xy + t 2 , v = −( xy + 20t ), w = 5x + y
Determine velocity and acceleration of particle at (2,1,1) and t = 1 sec.
Q.4 (a) State Buckingham’s π-theorem. How repeating variables are selected in 03
dimensional analysis?
(b) State Model (similarity) laws. Where they are used? Explain Euler’s modal law. 04
1
Using Buckingham’s π-theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice
(c) 07
is given by -
D
V = 2 gH ,
H VH
Where, H = Head causing flow, D = Diameter of the orifice, V = flow velocity,
μ = Coefficient of viscosity, ρ = Mass density and g = Acceleration due to gravity.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the advantages of Kaplan turbine over Fransis turbine 03
(b) Classify Hydraulic turbines on the basis of various criteria. 04
(c) A jet of water of diameter 8 cm strikes a flat plate normally with a velocity of 20 07
m/s. The plate is moving with a velocity 12 m/s in the direction of the jet and away
from the jet. Find: the force exerted by the jet on the plate, work done by the jet on
the plate per second.
Q.5 (a) Determine the head lost due to friction in a pipe. Diameter and length of pipe is 250 03
mm and 60 m, respectively. Velocity of flowing water inside pipe = 2.5 m/s,
Chezy’s constant = 60. Use Chezy’s formula, V = C mi
(b) What is pump? How pumps are classified? 04
(c) What is Hagen-Poiseuille’s formula? Derive an expression for Hagen-Poiseuille’s 07
formula.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain the application and working of “Draft tube”. 03
(b) List out and explain losses in a centrifugal pump. 04
(c) Write a note on hydraulic crane. 07
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