PROBLEM SOLVING
PLANNING &
SCHEDULING
(PERT/CPM)
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
Determine the duration of each activity in a given construction project
Activities to tm tp
A 10 8 16
B 12 10 18
C 11 9 15
D 16 14 21
E 14 12 19
F 21 20 26
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1 SOLUTION:
Determine the duration of each
activity in a given construction project
10 + 4(8) + 16
Activities to tm tp
Expected Time for A = = 9.67 or 10 days
6
A 10 8 16
B 12 10 18 12 + 4(10) + 18
Expected Time for B = = 11.67 or 12 days
C 11 9 15 6
D 16 14 21
11 + 4(9) +15
E 14 12 19 Expected Time for C = = 10.33 or 11 days
6
F 21 20 26
16 + 4(14) + 21
to + 4 tm + tp Expected Time for D = = 15.5 or 16 days
6
Expected time (t) =
6
14 + 4(12) + 19
where: Expected Time for E = = 13.5 or 14 days
6
to – optimistic time estimate
tm – most likely time estimate 21 + 4(20) + 26
tp – pessimistic time estimate Expected Time for F = = 21.17 or 22 days
6
Note: Always round up.
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1 SOLUTION:
Determine the duration of each
activity in a given construction project 16 − 10
V=( )² = 1.000 σ = √v = √4.526 = 2.127
6
Activities to tm tp te v
A 10 8 16 10 1 18 − 12
B 12 10 18 12 1
V=( )² = 1.000
6
C 11 9 15 11 0.444
15 − 11 Σ te = 85 days
D 16 14 21 16 0.694 V=( )² = 0.444
6
E 14 12 19 14 0.694
σ = 2.127
F 21 20 26 22 0.694 21 − 16
V=( )² = 0.694
TOTAL 85 4.526 6
19 − 14
V=( )² = 0.694
tp −to x −t� 6
v= σ = √v z=
6 σ
26 − 21
V=( )² = 0.694
6
where:
V = variance
σ = Standard Deviation
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
Determine the probability that project
will be completed
a. In less than 87 days
b. In more than 82 days
c. Between 82 and 87 days
x − t� Σ te = 85 days
z=
σ σ = 2.127
SOLUTION:
87 − 85
a. z = = 0.94
2.127
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
Determine the probability that project
will be completed
a. In less than 87 days
b. In more than 82 days
c. Between 87 and 82 days
x − t� Σ te = 85 days
z=
σ σ = 2.127
SOLUTION:
87 − 85
a. z = = 0.94
2.127
z - table = 0.8246 or 82.64 %
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
Determine the probability that project
will be completed
a. In less than 87 days
b. In more than 82 days
c. Between 87 and 82 days
x − t� Σ te = 85 days
z=
σ σ = 2.127
SOLUTION:
82 − 85
b. z = = -1.41
2.127
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
Determine the probability that project
will be completed
a. In less than 87 days
b. In more than 82 days
c. Between 82 and 87 days
x − t� Σ te = 85 days
z=
σ σ = 2.127
SOLUTION:
82 − 85
b. z = = -1.41
2.127
z - table = 1- 0.07927 = 92.073 %
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
Determine the probability that project
will be completed
c. Between 82 and 87 days
- =
82.64 % (less than 87 days) 7.927 % (less than 82 days) Between 87 and 82 days
ANS: 82.64 % - 7.927 % = 74.533 %
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 1
If you want a 90% probability of
completing the project on time
when should you start?
x − t� Σ te = 85 days
z=
σ σ = 2.127
SOLUTION:
z - table = 90 % = 1.28
x − 85
1.28 =
2.127
= 88 days or 3 days earlier
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
RECALL:
B A A B
A C
C B C D
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 2
Find the (a.)critical path, duration of project, (b.) ES, LS, EF, LF, and float of each activity.
Arrow Diagram Precedence Diagram Duration Days
1-2 1 2
2-3 2 1
3-4 3 1
3-5 4 2
5-6 5 1
4-5 ... 0
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 2
Find the critical path, duration of project, ES, LS, EF, Illustrate: Draw the network diagram
LF, and float of each activity.
Precedence
4
Arrow Diagram Duration Days
Diagram
1-2 1 2 Dummy
Activity 3 Activity
2-3 2 1
1
3-4 3 1
3-5 4 2 1 2 4 5
5-6 5 1
1 2 3 5 6
4-5 ... 0 2 1 2 1
Event / Node Activity
Duration
Note: Activity 3 can move on dummy activity
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
a. Find the critical path and duration of the project
4 Dummy
3 Activity
1
1 2 4 5
1 2 3 5 6
2 1 2 1
Path: (Find the longest)
1 – 2 – 3 - 5 = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5 days Critical Path – strictly implemented
1 – 2 – 4 - 5 = 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 = 6 days
CRITICAL PATH TOTAL DURATION
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
b. Find ES, LS, EF, LF, and float of each activity.
LS3 = 2 + 1 + 2 – 1 = 4
4 Dummy ES ACT EF
3 3 4
Activity
4 1 5
LS D LF
1 2 3 5 6 Where:
ES = Early Start
0 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6
LS = Late Start
0 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 5 5 1 6 ACT = Activity
EF = Early Finish
Notice that along CP, ES and LS is the same LF = Late Finish
as EF and LF of the preceding activity D = Duration
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
b. Find ES, LS, EF, LF, and float of each activity.
LS3 = 2 + 1 + 2 – 1 = 4
4 Dummy
3 3 4
Activity Recall:
4 1 5
F = LS – ES or LF - EF
1 2 3 5 6 therefore, all activities have
float = 0 except act 3 = 1
0 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6
0 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 5 5 1 6
Notice that along CP, ES and LS is the same
as EF and LF of the preceding activity
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
Sample Problem 2
Illustrate using Gantt Chart Illustrate: Draw the Gantt Chart
Precedence
Arrow Diagram Duration Days
Diagram
1
1-2 1 2
2-3 2 1 2
3-4 3 1
3-5 4 2 3
5-6 5 1
4
4-5 ... 0
5
Tip: Convert 1 2 3 4 5 6
Activity Predecessor Duration Days
1 - 2
2 1 1
3 2 1
4 2 2
5 3 and 4 1
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
TOPIC 3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING (PERT / CPM)
Construction Methods and Project Management
