University of Ottawa

Université d’Ottawa Faculty of Engineering

Faculté de génie
Department of
Département de Civil Engineering
Génie Civil

CVG 3142
Structural Steel Design
FINAL EXAMINATION

Length of Examination: 3 hours April 24, 2006, 9:30

Professor: Magdi Mohareb Page 1 of 9

Family Name: _________________________________________________

Other Names: _________________________________________________

Student Number: ___________

Signature ____________________________

• Open Book Exam

• Calculators are allowed
• For missing design information, make reasonable assumptions and clearly state them

Answer all questions on this question booklet in the space allocated for each problem. Only this
question booklet will be collected at the end of the exam.

At the end of the exam, when time is up:

- Stop working and close your exam booklet
- Remain silent.
- Do not move or speak until all exams have been picked up, and a TA or the Professor gives the
go-ahead to leave.
Question 1: (25% of exam mark)
The shown tension member consists of a single unequal leg angle L203x152x13 (350W material). The
member is connected to a gusset plate along the long leg as shown through eight 22mm diameter bolts
as shown.

a. Determine whether the member is suitable for: i) a 10 m long tension member, and ii) for a 6 m long
tension member.

A=4,350 mm2, rx=65.0mm, ry=45.4mm, rx’=72.1, ry’=33.0mm, t=12.77, d=152mm, b=102mm

L
≤ 300 ⇒ L ≤ 300 × 33.0mm = 9,900mm
rmin
Thus, a 10 m long tension member would violate the slenderness requirement and 6 m long member
would meet the requirement.

b. Calculate the member capacity based on a yield limit state.

Tr1 ( yield ) = φ Ag Fy = 0.90 × 4,350 × 0.350 = 1,370kN

c. Calculate the member capacity based on failure patterns ABCD, EHGF and JHGF.

Mode of Failure ABCD

Net area An = Ag − 2φ t = 4,350 − 2 × 26 × 12.7 = 3, 689mm 2
Effective net area (angles connected to one leg with four or more transverse lines of fasteners-Clause
12.3.3.2b (i) for shear lag reduction is applicable)
Ane = 0.8 An = 3, 689 × 0.80 = 2,951mm 2
Resistance
Tr 2 = 0.85φ Ane Fu = 0.85 × 0.90 × 2,950 × 0.450 = 1, 016kN

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 2 of 9

Mode of Failure EHGF

Tension and Shear Block failure

Shear lag is not applicable
= Tr + Vr = φ Ant Fu + min ( 0.6φ Agv Fy , 0.6φ Anv Fu )
Tr 3
4
Tr 3
= 0.9 × (100 − 26 ) ×12.7 × 0.450
4
+ min ( 0.6 × 0.9 × 2 × 40 ×12.7 × 0.350, 0.6 × 0.90 × 2 × ( 40 − 13) × 12.7 × 0.450 )
Tr 3
= 381kN + min (192kN ,167kN ) = 548kN
4
Tr 3 = 2,190kN

Mode of Failure JHGF

Tension and Shear Block failure
= Tr + Vr = φ Ant Fu + min ( 0.6φ Agv Fy , 0.6φ Anv Fu )
Tr 4
4
Tr 4
= 0.9 × (150 − 39 ) × 12.7 × 0.450
4
+ min ( 0.6 × 0.9 × ( 40 ) × (12.7 ) × 0.350, 0.6 × 0.90 × ( 40 − 13) ×12.7 × 0.450 )
Tr 4
= 571kN + min ( 96kN ,83kN ) = 654kN
4
Tr 4 = 1,184kN × 4 = 2, 616kN

d. It is required to increase the member tensile resistance through a combination of the following
measures: 1) Increasing the end distance; 2) Increasing the bolt spacing (pitch); 3) Drilling the bolt
holes as opposed to punching them; 4) Selecting an L203x152x16 for the cross-section as opposed to
L203x152x16; and 5) Reducing the bolt gage distance. Based on your calculations in steps b and c (and
discarding other possible modes of failure), specify which combination of measures you would
consider and which ones you would discard.
Answer (3), (4)
Answer (1), (2), (5)

e. Without calculations, identify two additional possible modes of failure. Illustrate your answer with
two separate clear sketches

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 3 of 9

Question 2: (25% of exam mark)
An HSS152x76x13 cross-section (CSA-G40.20-Class C) is proposed for the design of the 12 m long
top chord ABC of the shown truss. Material is 350W. The proposed lateral bracing system for the
member ABC is shown in the plan view. When determining the torsional buckling resistance of the
column, it, can be conservatively assumed that K z l = 12.0m .

6m 6m

A B I c HSS 152x76x13

I Sec I-I

Elevation

Plan View
(top of truss elevation)
A B c
4m 4m 4m

a. Determine the compressive capacity of the member. Make all the necessary checks and calculations
(slenderness requirement, classifications, and compressive resistance) based on the provisions of
CAN/CSA-S16-2001. (For a hollow structural section, the warping contribution can be neglected
compared to the St. Venant contribution).

a.1 Section Classification

b 670
From Table 1, for flanges of rectangular HSS ≤
t Fy
From Clause 11.3.2(b), b=nominal outside dimention -4xthickness
152 − 4 × 12.7 670 670
= 8.0 ≤ = = 35.8
12.7 Fy 350
Class 3 requirement is met for the long side (also for the short side). Thus section meets Class 3
requirements.

a.2 Slenderness Requirement

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 4 of 9
K xlx 6, 000 K y l y 4, 000
= = 122 < 200 and = = 142.9 < 200
rx 49.3 ry 28.0
Slenderness requirements are met

a.3 Member Capacity

π 2E π 2 × 200, 000
Fex = 2
= = 132 MPa
⎛ K x lx ⎞ 1222
⎜ ⎟
⎝ rx ⎠
π 2E π 2 × 200, 000
Fey = 2
= = 96.5MPa
⎛ K yly ⎞ 1432
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
⎡ π EC2 ⎤ 1 1
Fez = ⎢ w
+ GJ ⎥ 2 = ⎡⎣0 + 77, 000 × 9.96 ×106 ⎤⎦ = 50, 200 MPa
⎢⎣ ( K z lz ) 4, 750 × ( 49.32 + 282 )
2
⎥⎦ Ar0

Fe = min ( Fex , Fey , Fez ) = 96.5MPa

Fy 350
λ= = = 1.904
Fe 96.5
1
− −1/1.34
Cr = φ AFy ⎡⎣1 + λ 2 n ⎤⎦ n = 0.9 × 4, 750 × 0.350 × ⎡⎣1 + 1.9042×1.34 ⎤⎦ = 365kN

b. It is required to increase the capacity of member ABC without changing the cross-section. Without
calculations, it is required to explain how you can achieve this. Support your answer through clear
sketches.

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 5 of 9

Question 3: (15% of exam mark)
The shown column of span l is subject to a P P
load P at its top end (x=l). It has a bending
rigidity EI. Starting with the buckling
deflection curve
y ( x ) = A cos kx + B sin kx + Cx + D in
which k = P EI , it is required to derived
the buckling load of the shown column.
x

y
Solution

y (0) = A + D = 0
y '' ( 0 ) − Ak 2 = 0
y ' ( l ) = − Ak sin kl + Bk cos kl + C = 0
y ''' ( l ) = Ak 3 sin kl − Bk 3 cos kl = 0
⎡ 1 0 0 1 ⎤ ⎧ A ⎫ ⎧0 ⎫
⎢ −k 2 0 0 0 ⎥⎥ ⎪⎪ B ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪0 ⎪⎪
⎢ ⎨ ⎬=⎨ ⎬
⎢ −k sin kl k cos kl 1 0 ⎥ ⎪ C ⎪ ⎪0 ⎪
⎢ ⎥
⎣ sin kl − cos kl 0 0 ⎦ ⎪⎩ D ⎪⎭ ⎪⎩0 ⎪⎭
1 0 0 1
−k 2
0 0 0
=0
−k sin kl k cos kl 1 0
sin kl − cos kl 0 0
π 2 EI
cos kl = 0 ⇒ P =
4 L2

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 6 of 9

Question 4: (10% of exam mark)
It is required to formulate an
expression for the plastic section
modulus about both principal axes
for the shown wide flange section.

M px = 2 Fy [b × 0.1b × 0.55b + 0.5b × 0.1b × 0.25b ]

= 0.135 Fy b3
M px
Zx = = 0.135b3
Fy
⎡ 0.1b 0.05b ⎤
M py = 2 Fy ⎢ 2 × 0.5b × 0.1b × 0.25b + ×b× ⎥ = 0.0525 Fy b3
⎣ 2 4 ⎦
M py
Zy = = 0.0525b3
Fy

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 7 of 9

Problem 5: (25% of exam mark)
A laterally unsupported beam (W250x58 cross-section, 350W material) has a span of 6.5m and is
simply supported at both ends. The beam is subject to a uniformly distributed factored distributed load
wf .

a) Determine the maximum load w f that the beam can withstand based on its flexural resistance
according to CAN/CSA S16 – 2001.

Classification:

Class 2 requirements
b 203 170 170
= = 7.52 ≤ = = 9.09 Flanges meet Class 2 requirement
2t 2 × 13.5 Fy 350
h 252 − 13.5 × 2 1, 700
= = 28.1 ≤ = 90.9 web meets class 2 requirements
w 8.0 Fy
Section meets Class 2 requirements

Beam Flexural resistance:

M p = Z x Fy = 770, 000 × 0.350 = 269.5kNm

ω2 π ⎛πE ⎞
2

Mu = EI y GJ + ⎜ ⎟ I y Cw
L ⎝ L ⎠
1.0 × π ⎛ π × 200, 000 ⎞
2

= ( 200, 000 ) (18.8 × 106 ) ( 77, 000 )( 409, 000 ) + ⎜ ⎟ (18.8 × 106 )( 2.68 × 1011 ) × 10−6
6,500 ⎝ 6,500 ⎠
= 196.6kNm

Since Mu > 0.67Mp, elasto-plastic lateral torsional buckling will occur and the corresponding
resistance is

⎛ Mp ⎞
M r = 1.15φ M p ⎜1 − 0.28 ⎟ ≤ φM p
⎝ M u ⎠

⎛ 269.5 ⎞
M r = 1.15 × 0.90 × 269.5 ⎜1 − 0.28 ⎟ = 171.9kNm ≤ φ M p
⎝ 196.6 ⎠
M r = 171.9kNm

Maximum factored load

w f L2 8M 8 × 171.9
= M r ⇒ wf = 2 r = = 32.5kN / m
8 L 6.52

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 8 of 9

b) Given that the bottom flange of the beam is bearing against a base plate of width N=200 mm at both
ends of the beam, determine whether bearing stiffeners are required at the ends of the beam.

wf L 32.5 × 6.5
Maximum shear force = V f = = = 105.6kN
2 2

Bearing resistance based on a yield limit state

Br1 = φbe w ( N + 4t ) Fy = 0.60 × 0.75 × 8 × ( 200 + 4 × 13.5 ) (350) ×10−3 = 533kN

Bearing resistance based on crippling limit state

Br 2 = 0.60 × φbe w2 Fy E = 0.60 × 0.75 × 82 350 × 200, 000 × 10−3 = 241kN

Bearing resistance of the web

Br = min ( Br1 , Br2 ) = 241kN

Since the bearing resistance is larger than the shear force at the support, no bearing stiffeners are
required.

c) Check whether the shear capacity of the beam is adequate

h 252 − 13.5 × 2 k 5.34

= = 28.1 < 439 v = 439 = 54.2
w 8 Fy 350
Thus, the maximum shear stress in the web is 0.66Fy (Clause 13.4.1.1a)

Shear resistance for web

Vr = φ Aw Fs = 0.9 × ( dw ) × ( 0.66 Fy ) = 0.9 × ( 252 × 8 ) × ( 0.66 × 0.350 ) = 419kN

Since the shear resistance is less than the factored reaction, the beam meets code requirements for shear
resistance.

CVG 3142 – April 2006 Final Examination Page 9 of 9