Program : Diploma in Civil Engineering
Course Title: Structural Engineering Drawing
Course Code : 5018
Lab
Semester : 5 Credits: 1.5
Course Category: Program Core
Periods per week: 3 (L:0, T:0, P:3) Periods per semester: 45
Course Objectives:
To provide hands-on experience with the basic concepts in structural engineering.
To apply the collection of sectional requirements to detailing and prepare the bar
bending schedule of different RCC structural members.
Course Prerequisites:
Course
Topic Course name Semester
code
Basic knowledge of different
Building Construction &
building materials & methods of 3
Construction Materials
construction
Basic concepts of theory of
Theory of structures 3
Structures
Basic concepts of building
Building Drawing 3
drawing
Course Outcomes:
On completion of the course, the student will be able to:
Duration
COn Description Cognitive level
(Hours)
To illustrate the concept of limit state design and
CO1 11 Applying
detailing of RCC beams and slabs.
To illustrate the concept of limit state design and
CO2 16 Applying
detailing of RCC columns, footings and stairs.
To illustrate the concept of limit state design and
CO3 detailing of tension and compression steel 14 Applying
members.
Lab Tests 4
CO-PO Mapping
Course
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
Outcomes
CO1 3 3
CO2 3 3
CO3 3
3-Strongly mapped, 2-Moderately mapped, 1-Weakly mapped
Course Outline:
Module Duration
Description Cognitive Level
Outcomes (Hours)
To illustrate the concept of limit state design and detailing of RCC beams
CO1
and slabs.
Sketch cross section, strain diagram & stress
M1.01 1 Understanding
diagram for singly reinforced section.
Sketch cross section, strain diagram & stress
M1.02 1 Understanding
diagram for doubly reinforced section.
Determine the sectional properties and sketch
M1.03 the detailing of a singly reinforced beam and Applying
3
prepare bar bending schedule.
Determine the sectional properties and sketch
M1.04 the detailing of a one-way slab and prepare bar 3 Applying
bending schedule.
Sketch the reinforcement details of a two-way
M1.05 slab, corners held down and not held down and Applying
3
prepare bar bending schedule.
To illustrate the concept of limit state design and detailing of RCC
CO2
columns, footings and stairs.
Summarize the provisions of IS 456 required
M2.01 1 Understanding
for the design of a column.
Sketch the reinforcement detailing of the
M2.02 circular and square column and prepare bar 3 Understanding
bending schedule.
Determine the sectional properties and sketch
M2.03 the detailing of an isolated column footing 3 Understanding
and prepare bar bending schedule.
Draw sketches of the plan and longitudinal
section - Staircase - dog legged and open well
M2.04 3 Understanding
showing all the details and dimensions (A
typical structural drawing may be adopted.)
Prepare a detailed report of site visit for
reinforcement detailing of structural elements
M2.05
like beams, columns, staircase & footing and
3 Applying
prepare bar bending schedule.
Sketch the detailing of a cantilever retaining
M2.06 3 Understanding
wall and prepare its bar bending schedule.
Lab Test - I 2
To illustrate the concept of limit state design and detailing of tension and
CO3
compression steel members.
Summarize the clauses from IS 800 required
M3.01 for the design of a compression member and 1 Applying
submit it in report form.
Sketch the single & double lacing of given
M3.02 3 Understanding
built up columns.
Sketch the battening of the given built up
M3.03 2 Understanding
column.
Prepare a report on the IS 800 provisions
M3.04 1 Applying
pertaining to design of lacing & battening.
Sketch the elevation and cross-section of a
M3.05 3 Understanding
plate girder
M3.06 Sketch the beam – column connection. 2 Understanding
Sketch the elevation and plan of a Gusseted
M3.07 2 Understanding
base of a column.
Lab Test - II 2
Text / Reference:
T/R Book Title/Author
Shah, V. L., and Gore, V., Limit State Design of Steel Structures, Structures
T1
Publications, Pune.
R2 Dayarathnam, P., Design of Steel Structures, S. Chand and Company, Delhi.
R3 Subramanian N., Design of Steel Structures, Oxford University Press.
R4 Sairam, K.S., Design of Steel Structures, Pearson Publication, Chennai, Delhi.
Shah, V. L., and Karve, S.R., Limit State Theory and Design of Reinforced
R5
Concrete Structures, Structures Publications, Pune,2014.
Sinha N.C., and Roy S.K., Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete, S. Chand &
R6
Co., New Delhi.
Krishna Raju, and N.Pranesh, R.N., Reinforced Concrete Design Principles
R7
and Practice, New Age International, Mumbai.
Online Resources:
Sl.No Website Link
1 https://nptelvideos.com/course.php?id=294
2 https://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/105105105/
3 nptel.ac.in/courses/105106112
4 https://www.nptel.ac.in/noc/courses/noc19/SEM2/noc19-ce25/
SI NO DATE CONTENT REMARK
1 Sketch cross section, strain
diagram & stress diagram for
singly reinforced section
2 Sketch cross section, strain
diagram & stress diagram for
doubly reinforced section.
3 Determine the sectional
properties and sketch the detailing
of a singly reinforced beam and
prepare bar bending schedule.
4 Determine the sectional
properties and sketch the detailing
of a one-way slab and prepare bar
bending schedule.
5 Sketch the reinforcement details
of a two-way slab, corners held
down and not held down and
prepare bar bending schedule.
6 Summarize the provisions of IS
456 required for the design of a
column.
7 Sketch the reinforcement detailing
of the circular and square column
and prepare bar bending schedule.
8 Draw sketches of the plan and
longitudinal section - Staircase -
dog legged and open well showing
all the details and dimensions
9 Prepare a report on the IS 800
provisions pertaining to design of
lacing & battening.
10 Sketch the single & double lacing
of given built up columns.
11 Sketch the elevation and cross-
section of a plate girder
Experiment no 1
Aim
Sketch cross section, strain diagram & stress diagram for singly reinforced section.
Cross Section: In a singly reinforced section, you have concrete with reinforcement only in one direction,
usually at the bottom for flexural members like beams. The cross-section typically looks like a rectangle
with a smaller rectangle or steel bar embedded within it, usually towards the bottom. Here's a simplified
sketch:
_______________________________________
| |
| Concrete |
|_____________________________________|
| Reinforcement |
2. Strain Diagram: In the strain diagram for a singly reinforced section, you'd typically see
compression strains in the concrete (above the neutral axis) and tensile strains in the steel
(below the neutral axis). At the neutral axis, the strain is zero. The strains increase
linearly with distance from the neutral axis, reaching maximum values at the extreme
fibers.
^
|
ε_c | _____
| | |
|_________| | ε_s
| | |
|_________|_____|
Neutral Axis
3.Stress Diagram: The stress diagram corresponds to the strain diagram. In the concrete, you'll see
compressive stresses (usually assumed as a rectangular distribution) and in the steel, you'll see tensile
stresses (usually assumed as constant). At the extreme fibers, the stress is zero due to the neutral axis.
1
^
|
σ_c | ______
| | |
|_________| | σ_s
| | |
σ_y---|_________|______|-----
| | |
|_________|______|__
Neutral Axis
In the stress diagram:
• σ_c: Compressive stress in concrete
• σ_s: Tensile stress in steel
• σ_y: Yield stress of steel
Note: These diagrams are simplified and typically used for understanding the behavior of
reinforced concrete sections in structural engineering. Real-world applications involve more
complex calculations and considerations.
2
Experiment no : 2
Aim
Sketch cross section, strain diagram & stress diagram for doubly reinforced section.
1. Cross Section: A doubly reinforced concrete section typically consists of a rectangular concrete
beam reinforced with both tension and compression reinforcement. Here's a simplified sketch:
+----------------------+
| |
| Concrete |
| |
|----------------------|
| Tension Steel |
|----------------------|
| Concrete |
| |
|----------------------|
| Compression Steel |
+----------------------+
2. Strain Diagram: In a doubly reinforced section, both the tension and compression steel
bars undergo strains due to the applied loads. The strain in the concrete is assumed to be
linear up to the maximum compressive strain, after which it is considered to be fully
compressed.
3
|
εc | +----+
| | |
| | | <-- Strain in tension steel (εt)
| | |
| | |
εy |--------------------|----|---------- <-- Yield strain of tension steel (εy)
| | |
εcu|------------------- |----|---------- <-- Ultimate compressive strain of concrete (εcu)
| | |
| | | <-- Strain in compression steel (εc')
| | |
εcu|--------------------|----|
| | |
| | |
+--------------------|----|-------->σ <-- Stress
εc' εcu
3. Stress Diagram: The stress in the tension steel is typically assumed to be linearly related to
strain until it reaches the yield stress, beyond which it remains constant until failure. The stress
in the compression steel is also linearly related to strain until it reaches its yield stress. The
stress in concrete can be assumed to follow a rectangular stress block up to the maximum
compressive stress.
σt | +----+
| | |
σyt | | |
| | |
σy |-------------------|----|---------- <-- Yield stress of tension steel (σyt)
4
| | |
σcu |------------------ |----|---------- <-- Ultimate stress of concrete (σcu)
| | |
σcy |-------------------|----|---------- <-- Yield stress of compression steel (σcy)
| | |
σc' | | |
| | |
σc |-------------------|----|
| | |
| | |
+-------------------|----|--------> ε
εc' εcu
These diagrams provide a visual representation of the behavior of doubly reinforced concrete
sections under loading conditions, showing the distribution of stresses and strains across the
materials involved.
5
EXPERIMENT NO 3
AIM
Determine the sectional properties and sketch the detailing of a singly reinforced beam and prepare bar
bending schedule.
Sectional Properties:
1. Beam Dimensions: Determine the dimensions of the beam (width, depth, and length).
2. Concrete Grade: Identify the grade of concrete being used (e.g., M20, M25, etc.).
3. Reinforcement Details: Decide on the size and spacing of the reinforcing bars.
Sketching Detailing of a Singly Reinforced Beam:
1. Sketching Beam Dimensions: Draw the overall dimensions of the beam (width and
depth) to scale.
2. Marking Reinforcement: Mark the location and spacing of the reinforcing bars within
the beam.
3. Additional Reinforcement: If needed, include additional reinforcement like stirrups or
links.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS):
1. Identify Bars: List all the different types of reinforcing bars used in the beam (main bars,
stirrups, etc.).
2. Dimensions of Bars: Record the dimensions (length, diameter) of each type of bar.
3. Bend Details: Describe the bends needed for each bar (angle, length of straight portions,
etc.).
4. Quantities: Calculate and record the total quantities of each type of bar required for the
beam.
Example Bar Bending Schedule:
6
Sketch Example:
• Ensure that all dimensions and reinforcement details comply with the design
requirements and applicable building codes.
• Consult a structural engineer or relevant guidelines for specific design requirements and
calculations.
This is a general overview. For specific calculations and details, you might need to refer to
structural engineering textbooks or software.
7
EXPERIMENT NO 4
AIM
Determine the sectional properties and sketch the detailing of a one-way slab and prepare bar bending
schedule.
Sectional Properties:
1. Thickness (t): Determine the thickness of the slab based on structural requirements and
loading conditions. Typical values range from 4 to 8 inches (100 to 200 mm) for
residential and commercial buildings.
2. Effective Span (L): The distance between the supporting beams or walls. This
determines the span length of the slab.
1. Reinforcement: Decide on the reinforcement layout and sizes based on design
requirements and loadings. Typically, reinforcing bars (rebars) are placed near the bottom
face of the slab.
2. Concrete Strength (fc): The compressive strength of the concrete, usually specified in
MPa (megapascals) or psi (pounds per square inch).
Sketch and Detailing:
1. Layout: Draw the plan view of the one-way slab, showing dimensions, supports,
openings, and any additional features.
2. Reinforcement Details: Sketch the reinforcement layout, indicating the placement, sizes,
and spacing of rebars. Typically, reinforcement bars are placed perpendicular to the span
direction to resist bending moments.
3. Development Length: Ensure that rebars are adequately anchored into supports to
develop their full strength.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS):
1. List of Bars: Prepare a list of all the reinforcement bars required for the slab, specifying
their sizes, lengths, and bending shapes.
8
2. Bend Details: Provide details on the bending shapes required for each bar, including
bends, hooks, and lengths of straight portions.
3. Quantity Calculation: Calculate the total quantities of each bar size required for the
slab.
4. Bar Marking: Assign unique identification marks (bar marks) to each bar for easy
identification and placement on-site.
9
Experiment no :5
Aim
Sketch the reinforcement details of a two-way slab, corners held down and not held down and
prepare bar bending schedule.
Reinforcement Details Sketch:
1. Two-Way Slab:
• Plan View:
o Draw the layout of the slab, indicating its length and width.
• Section View:
o Show the thickness of the slab.
o Mark the locations of supports (columns or walls).
2. Corner Held Down:
• At the corners where the slab is held down, reinforcement detailing should ensure proper
anchorage and distribution of forces.
• Sketch reinforcement bars running in both directions (main reinforcement and distribution
bars).
• Ensure adequate development length and anchorage.
Corner Not Held Down:
• In corners where the slab is not held down, special detailing is required to prevent lifting and
ensure stability.
• Additional reinforcement, such as corner bars or bent-up bars, may be necessary.
• Sketch reinforcement bars running in both directions, with special attention to the corner
detailing.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS):
10
• Prepare a table listing all reinforcement bars required for the slab.
• Include details such as bar diameter, spacing, length, bending shape, and quantity.
• Separate the schedule for main reinforcement bars and distribution bars.
• Include additional reinforcement details for corners where necessary.
• Ensure clarity and accuracy in measurements and specifications.
11
EXPERIMENT NO 6
AIM
Summarize the provisions of IS 456 required for the design of a column.
IS 456 is the Indian Standard code of practice for the design and construction of reinforced
concrete structures. For designing a column according to IS 456, several provisions need to be
considered:
1. Material Properties: The standard specifies the material properties such as strength of
concrete and steel, which are crucial for column design.
2. Load Calculation: The loads acting on the column, including dead loads, live loads,
wind loads, and seismic loads, need to be calculated as per relevant Indian standards.
3. Design Criteria: Columns should be designed to withstand axial loads, moments, and
shear forces. Design criteria include maximum permissible stresses in concrete and steel.
4. Reinforcement Detailing: Proper detailing of reinforcement bars is essential to ensure
the column's strength and ductility. This includes the number, diameter, and spacing of
reinforcement bars.
5. Column Dimensions: The dimensions of the column, such as cross-sectional area and
effective length, should be chosen considering the applied loads and the structural
requirements.
6. Concrete Cover: Adequate concrete cover over the reinforcement bars is required to
protect them from corrosion and ensure durability.
7. Construction Requirements: IS 456 also specifies requirements for construction
practices, such as proper formwork, concrete placement, curing, and quality control
measures.
12
Experiment no :7
AIM
Sketch the reinforcement detailing of the circular and square column and prepare bar bending schedule.
Reinforcement Detailing:
1. Circular Column:
•Longitudinal Bars: Place the main longitudinal bars vertically around the circumference of the
column. The number and size of bars depend on the design requirements.
•Tie Bars: These are placed horizontally and spaced evenly along the height of the column to
provide lateral support to the longitudinal bars. The spacing and size of tie bars depend on design
specifications.
●Stirrups: These are provided around the circumference of the column to confine the
longitudinal bars and enhance the column's ductility and strength. The spacing and size of
stirrups depend on design requirements.
2. Square Column:
•Main Bars: Place the main longitudinal bars vertically at each corner of the square column.
The number and size of bars depend on design specifications
.
•Tie Bars: Similar to circular columns, tie bars are placed horizontally and spaced evenly
along the height of the column to provide lateral support to the longitudinal bars
•Stirrups: These are provided around each corner of the square column to confinethe
longitudinal bars and enhance the column's ductility and strength.
. Bar Bending Schedule (BBS):
For both circular and square columns, you need to prepare a bar bending schedule which
includes the following information for each type of reinforcement:
13
1. Bar Mark: A unique identifier for each type of reinforcement bar.
2. Number of Bars: The total number of bars of each type required in the column.
3. Bar Size: Diameter or dimensions of the reinforcement bars.
4. Length of Bars: Length of each bar before bending.
5. Bend Shape and Angle: Specifications for any bends required in the bars, including
bend shape (e.g., hook, crank) and angle of bend.
6. Total Length of Reinforcement: The sum of lengths of all bars of each type required in
the column.
You can create the bar bending schedule using spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or
Google Sheets, or you can use specialized software for structural detailing. Ensure to follow the
design specifications and standards applicable in your region while preparing the reinforcement
detailing and bar bending schedule.
14
EXPERIMENT NO :8
AIM
Draw sketches of the plan and longitudinal section - Staircase - dog legged and open well showing all
the details and dimensions
Plan Sketch of Dog-Legged Staircase:
Start with a rectangular outline representing the floor plan of the building. Then, draw two
parallel lines to indicate the walls where the staircase is located. Within these walls, draw a series
of rectangular shapes, each representing a step. For a dog-legged staircase, the steps will change
direction halfway up. Draw arrows or labels to indicate the direction of travel. Ensure you
include dimensions for the width and depth of each step, as well as the overall width of the
staircase.
Longitudinal Section Sketch of Dog-Legged Staircase:
Draw a vertical line to represent a cross-section through the building. Label the bottom as the
ground level and the top as the upper floor level. Within this section, draw the outline of the
staircase, showing how it ascends from one floor to the next. Include details such as the height of
each floor, the height of the risers, and the length of the treads. Also, indicate any landings or
intermediate floors. Add dimensions to show the overall height of the staircase and the distance
between floors.
Plan Sketch of Open-Well Staircase:
Again, start with the rectangular outline of the building's floor plan. Draw two parallel lines to
indicate the walls containing the staircase. Within these walls, draw a series of rectangular
shapes representing the steps. In an open-well staircase, there's typically a void in the center, so
leave this area empty or draw it with dashed lines. Include dimensions for the width and depth of
each step, as well as the overall width of the staircase.
Longitudinal Section Sketch of Open-Well Staircase:
Draw a vertical line to represent a cross-section through the building. Label the bottom as the
ground level and the top as the upper floor level. Within this section, draw the outline of the
staircase, showing how it ascends from one floor to the next. Since it's an open-well staircase,
there will be a void in the center, so depict this with a gap or dashed lines. Include details such as
15
the height of each floor, the height of the risers, and the length of the treads. Add dimensions to
show the overall height of the staircase and the distance between floors.
For both types of staircases, it's crucial to include all relevant dimensions, such as the height of
risers, the depth of treads, the width of the staircase, and any other structural details.
16
EXPERIMENT NO :9
AIM
Prepare a report on the IS 800 provisions pertaining to design of lacing & battening.
• Introduction: The Indian Standard IS 800:2007 provides guidelines for the general
construction in steel, outlining the various design considerations, procedures, and specifications
to ensure safe and efficient steel structures. Among its provisions, IS 800 also includes
guidelines for the design of lacing and battening, crucial components in steel structures for
stability and load distribution.
• Design of Lacing: Lacing is employed in steel structures to provide stability to members,
particularly in compression or tension. IS 800 outlines the following provisions regarding the
design of lacing:
a. Material Requirements: Lacing members must be made of suitable steel sections with
adequate strength and stiffness to withstand the forces they will encounter.
b. Connection Design: The connections of lacing members to the main structural members
should be designed to adequately transfer the forces between them, ensuring stability and load
distribution.
c. Spacing and Orientation: IS 800 provides guidance on the spacing and orientation of lacing
members to optimize their effectiveness in providing stability and resisting buckling.
d. Design for Compression and Tension: Depending on whether the lacing is subjected to
compressive or tensile forces, IS 800 specifies design criteria to ensure the lacing members can
withstand these forces without failure.
• Design of Battening: Battening is used in steel structures to provide additional support to
structural members, typically in compression. IS 800 includes provisions for the design of
battening as follows:
a. Material Selection: Battens must be fabricated from steel sections capable of withstanding the
anticipated compressive forces without buckling or failure.
b. Connection Design: Similar to lacing, the connections between battens and the main
structural members must be designed to ensure adequate force transfer and stability.
c. Spacing and Arrangement: IS 800 provides recommendations on the spacing and
arrangement of battens to optimize their effectiveness in providing support and preventing
buckling of the main structural members.
17
d. Design for Compression: Battens are primarily subjected to compressive forces, and IS 800
specifies design criteria to ensure they can adequately support the loads without buckling.
• Compliance and Implementation: Designers and engineers are encouraged to adhere to the
provisions outlined in IS 800 when designing lacing and battening for steel structures.
Compliance with these provisions ensures structural integrity, safety, and efficiency of steel
constructions. Additionally, periodic reviews and updates to design practices should be
conducted to incorporate advancements in engineering knowledge and technology.
• Conclusion: IS 800 provides comprehensive guidelines for the design of lacing and battening
in steel structures, ensuring stability, load distribution, and structural integrity. Adhering to these
provisions is crucial for the safe and efficient construction of steel buildings and infrastructure.
18
Experiment no :10
AIM
Sketch the single & double lacing of given built up columns.
Single Lacing:
Single lacing involves the use of diagonal braces to connect the flanges of the built-up column
sections. These braces are usually arranged in a zigzag pattern. Here's how you can sketch it:
1. Draw the vertical lines representing the built-up column sections.
2. Add diagonal lines connecting alternate flanges of the column sections in a zigzag
pattern. These diagonal lines represent the single lacing.
Double Lacing:
Double lacing involves two sets of diagonal braces connecting the flanges of the built-up column
sections. Here's how you can sketch it:
1. Draw the vertical lines representing the built-up column sections.
2. Add two sets of diagonal lines, one set connecting the even-numbered flanges and the
other set connecting the odd-numbered flanges. These lines form a crisscross pattern
between the flanges.
19
Experiment no :11
AIM
Sketch the elevation and cross-section of a plate girder
Elevation:
• The elevation view of a plate girder would show the side profile of the girder, typically
resembling a rectangular shape.
• The top and bottom flanges would be visible, usually wider than the web.
• The web, connecting the flanges, would be seen between the top and bottom flanges.
• Rivets or bolts might be visible, depending on the construction method.
Cross-section:
• The cross-section view of a plate girder would display a cut through the girder,
perpendicular to its length.
• It would show the top flange, bottom flange, and the web.
• The flanges would typically be thicker than the web.
• The arrangement of plates forming the flanges and the web would be visible.
20
