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Classes
YoganandSharma

Each key is separated from its value by a colon (:), the

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items are separated by commas, and the whole thing

y
is enclosed in curly braces. An empty dictionary
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d
without any items is written with just two curly
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braces, like this: {}.

tu
S
D
Keys are unique within a dictionary while values may

JM
not be. Accessing Values in Dictionary
To access dictionary elements, you can use the
familiar square brackets along with the key to obtain
its value.

Python Notes 1
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Output:

dict['Age']: 7
J
dict['Name']: Zara

M
D
Stu
print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])
Python-Dictionar y
Following is a simple example −

d
print ("dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'])
y

Python Notes
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

2
 Assistance Python-Dictionar y
Classes
YoganandSharma

If we attempt to access a data item with a key, which is

not part of the dictionary, we get an error as follows −
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dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

y
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print ("dict['Alice']: ", dict['Alice'])

d
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Output:
tu
dict['Alice']:
S
D
Traceback(most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in <module>

JM
print "dict['Alice']: ", dict['Alice'];
KeyError: 'Alice'
Updating Dictionary
You can update a dictionary by adding a new entry or a
key-value pair, modifying an existing entry, or deleting an
existing entry as shown below in the simple example −

Python Notes 3
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dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

by Training.

dict['Age'] = 8; # update existing entry

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dict['School'] = "DPS School"; # Add new entry

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y
Training

d
print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])
u
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Output:
St
print ("dict['School']: ", dict['School'])

dict['Age']: 8
D
JM
dict['School']: DPS School
Delete Dictionary Elements
You can either remove individual dictionary elements or clear
the entire contents of a dictionary. You can also delete entire
dictionary in a single operation.
To explicitly remove an entire dictionary, just use the del
statement. Following is a simple example −
Python Notes 4
 Placement Python-Dictionar y
Classes
YoganandSharma

dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

Training > Project >+91-9928016573
del dict['Name']; # remove entry with key 'Name'

y
Training by

dict.clear(); # remove all entries in dict

d
JMD Study Computer

tu
del dict; # delete entire dictionary
print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])
S
print ("dict['School']: ", dict['School'])
Output: D
dict['Age']:
JM
Traceback(most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];

Python Notes 5
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TypeError: 'type' object is unsubscriptable

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y
Properties of Dictionary Keys
Training

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St
Dictionary values have no restrictions. They can be
any arbitrary Python object, either standard objects
D
or user-defined objects. However, same is not true
for the keys.
JM

Python Notes 6
 Assistance Python-Dictionar y
Classes
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dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Name': 'Manni'}

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print ("dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'])

y
Training by

Output:
d
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dict['Name']: Manni
tu
S
(b) Keys must be immutable. Which means you can
D
use strings, numbers or tuples as dictionary keys but

JM
something like ['key'] is not allowed. Following is a
simple

Python Notes 7
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Description
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Python dictionary method len()gives the total length of the

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dictionary. This would be equal to the number of items in the

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dictionary.
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Training

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Syntax
t
Following is the syntax for len() method −
S
len(dict)
D
Parameters

JM
dict−This is the dictionary, whose length needs to be
calculated.

Return Value
This method returns the length.

Python Notes 8
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-functions
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Example
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The following example shows the usage of len()

y
Training by

method.
d
JMD Study Computer

tu
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7};
S
print ("Length : " len(dict))
D
When we run above program, it produces following
result −
JM
Length : 2

Python Notes 9
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Python dictionary method str()produces a printable

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string representation of a dictionary.

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Training

Syntax
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t
Following is the syntax for str() method −
S
str(dict)
D
Parameters
JM
dict−This is the dictionary.

Return Value
This method returns string representation.

Python Notes 10
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Example
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The following example shows the usage of str()

y
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method.
d
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tu
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7};
S
print ("Equivalent String : " str(dict))
D
When we run above program, it produces following
result −
JM
Equivalent String : {'Age': 7, 'Name': 'Zara'}

Python Notes 11
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Python dictionary method type()returns the type of the

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passed variable. If passed variable is dictionary then it

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would return a dictionary type.

y
Training

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Syntax

St
Following is the syntax for type() method −

type(dict) D
Parameters
JM
dict−This is the dictionary.

Return Value
This method returns the type of the passed variable.

Python Notes 12
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-functions
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Example
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The following example shows the usage of type()

y
Training by

method.
d
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dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7};

tu
print ("Variable Type : " type (dict))
S
When we run above program, it produces following
result
− D
JM
Variable Type : <type 'dict'>

Python Notes 13
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NA
Syntax

dict.clear()
Description

Parameters

Return Value
JM
D
Study

This method does not return any value.

Python Notes
Following is the syntax for clear() method −
Python-Dictionar y-Methods
The method clear() removes all items from the dictionary.

14
 Assistance Python-Dictionar y-Methods
Classes
YoganandSharma

Example
The following example shows the usage of clear()
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method.
y
Training by

d
JMD Study Computer

dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}

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tu
print ("Start Len : %d" % len(dict))

S
dict.clear()
D
print ("End Len : %d" % len(dict))
Result
Output: JM
Start Len : 2
End Len : 0

Python Notes 15
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Web Designing, Digital Marketing, SEO, SMO, C, C++. Call: 9649141215, www.jmdstudy.com YoganandSharma
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NA
Syntax
dictionary.

dict.copy()
Description

Parameters

Return Value
JM
D
Study

Python Notes
Following is the syntax for copy() method −
The method copy() returns a shallow copy of the
Python-Dictionar y-Methods

This method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.

16
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-Methods
Classes
YoganandSharma
Training > Project >+91-9928016573
Example

y
Training by

The following example shows the usage of copy() method.

d
JMD Study Computer

tu
dict1 = {'Name': 'Manni', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}
dict2 = dict1.copy() S
D
print ("New Dictionary : ",dict2)
Result
Output: JM
New dictionary : {'Name': 'Manni', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

Python Notes 17
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The method fromkeys() creates a new dictionary with keys

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from seqand values set to value.

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Training

Syntax

ud
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Following is the syntax for fromkeys() method −

dict.fromkeys(seq[, value]))
St
Parameters
D
seq−This is the list of values which would be used for

JM
dictionary keys preparation.
value −This is optional, if provided then value would be set to
this value
Return Value
This method returns the list.

Python Notes 18
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Example
The following example shows the usage of fromkeys()
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method.
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seq= ('name', 'age', 'sex')

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dict= dict.fromkeys(seq)
tu
S
print ("New Dictionary : %s" % str(dict))

D
dict= dict.fromkeys(seq, 10)

JM
print ("New Dictionary : %s" % str(dict))
Result
Output:
New Dictionary : {'age': None, 'name': None, 'sex': None}
New Dictionary : {'age': 10, 'name': 10, 'sex': 10}

Python Notes 19
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The method get() returns a value for the given key. If key is not
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available then returns default value None.

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Training

Syntax

ud
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Following is the syntax for get() method −

dict.get(key, default=None)
St
Parameters
D
key −This is the Key to be searched in the dictionary.

JM
default −This is the Value to be returned in case key does not
exist.
Return Value
This method return a value for the given key. If key is not
available, then returns default value None.

Python Notes 20
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-Methods
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Example
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The following example shows the usage of get() method.

y
Training by

d
JMD Study Computer

tu
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 27}
S
D
print ("Value : %s" % dict.get('Age'))

Result
Output: JM
print ("Value : %s" % dict.get('Sex', "NA"))

Value : 27
Value : NA

Python Notes 21
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The method has_key() returns true if a given key is

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available in the dictionary, otherwise it returns a false.

y
Training

Syntax
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dict.has_key(key) St
Following is the syntax for has_key() method −

Parameters D
JM
key −This is the Key to be searched in the dictionary.

Return Value
This method return true if a given key is available in the
dictionary, otherwise it returns a false.

Python Notes 22
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Example
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The following example shows the usage of has_key()

method.
y
Training by

d
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}
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tu
print ("Value : %s" % dict.has_key('Age'))
S
print ("Value : %s" % dict.has_key('Sex'))
D
When we run the above program, it produces the

JM
following result −

Value : True
Value : False

Python Notes 23
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NA
Syntax
tuple pairs
Description

dict.items()
Parameters

Return Value
JM
D
Study

This method returns a list of tuple pairs.

Python Notes
Following is the syntax for items() method −
Python-Dictionar y-Methods
The method items() returns a list of dict's(key, value)

24
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-Methods
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Example
Training > Project >+91-9928016573
The following example shows the usage of items()

y
Training by

method.
d
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dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}

tu
print ("Value : %s" % dict.items())
Output: S
D
JM
Value : [('Age', 7), ('Name', 'Zara')]

Python Notes 25
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The method keys() returns a list of all the available keys in

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the dictionary.
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y
Training

Syntax
ud
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t
Following is the syntax for keys() method −

S
dict.keys()
Parameter D
s NA
JM
Return Value
This method returns a list of all the available keys in the
dictionary.

Python Notes 26
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.
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Example

y
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The following example shows the usage of keys() method.

d
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Live Demo
tu
#!/usr/bin/python3
S
D
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}

JM
print ("Value : %s" % dict.keys())
Result
When we run above program, it produces the following result
−

Value : dict_keys(['Age', 'Name'])

Python Notes 27
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-Methods
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YoganandSharma

Description
The method setdefault() is similar to get(), but will set
Training > Project >+91-9928016573
dict[key] = default if key is not already in dict.
y
Training by

Syntax
d
JMD Study Computer

tu
Following is the syntax for setdefault() method −

S
dict.setdefault(key, default = None)
Parameters
D
key −This is the key to be searched.

JM
default −This is the Value to be returned in case key is
not found.
Return Value
This method returns the key value available in the
dictionary and if given key is not available then it will
return provided default value.

Python Notes 28
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.Example
by Training.

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The following example shows the usage of setdefault()

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method.
y
Training

ud
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}
print ("Value : %s" % dict.setdefault('Age', None))
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print (dict) St
print ("Value : %s" % dict.setdefault('Sex', None))

Result D
Output:
JM
Value : 7
Value : None
{'Name': 'Zara', 'Sex': None, 'Age': 7}

Python Notes 29
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Description
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The method update() adds dictionary dict2's key-values

pairs in to dict. This function does not return anything.
y
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d
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Syntax
tu
Following is the syntax for update() method −
S
D
dict.update(dict2)
Parameters
JM
dict2 −This is the dictionary to be added into dict.

Return Value
This method does not return any value.

Python Notes 30
 Placement Python-Dictionar y-Methods
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YoganandSharma

Example
Training > Project >+91-9928016573
The following example shows the usage of update()
method.
y
Training by

d
dict= {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}
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dict2 = {'Sex': 'female' }

tu
dict.update(dict2) S
D
print ("updated dict: ", dict)
Result
JM
When we run above program, it produces the following
−
result

updated dict: {'Sex': 'female', 'Age': 7, 'Name': 'Zara'}

Python Notes 31
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The method values() returns a list of all the values

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available in a given dictionary.

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Training

Syntax
ud
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t
Following is the syntax for values() method −

S
dict.values()
Parameter D
s NA
JM
Return Value
This method returns a list of all the values available in a
given dictionary.

Python Notes 32
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Exampl

y
Training by

The following example shows the usage of values()

d
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e
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tu
method.
S
D
dict= {'Sex': 'female', 'Age': 7, 'Name': 'Zara'}

Result JM
print ("Values : ", list(dict.values()))

Output:

Values : ['female', 7, 'Zara']

Python Notes 33