Table of Contents

Character/StringFunctions
1. UPPER Function
2. LOWER Function.
3. LTRIM Function.
3
4. RTRIM Function

5. CONCAT Function..
6. LEN Function.
7. REPLACE Function

SUBSTRING Function.

Date & Time Functions

1. GETDATEO unction
2. DATEPARTO Function
4
3. DATEADD) Function
4. DATEDIFF) Function
5. CONVERT) Function.
Numeric Functions

ABS Function.

2 ACOS Function
6
3. ASN Function
6
4. ATAN Function
6
6. BETWEEN Function..
7. MIN Function. 6
7
8. MAX Function
9 SORT Function
10. PIFunction

CEILING Function
12, FLOOR Function.
13. LOG Functíon.
Math Functions.
1. ABS Function

2. POWER Functíon:
3. EXP Function
4. SORT Function.
Character/String Functions
1. UPPER Function:
Query:

SELECTUPPER('pakistan');
Output:

(No column name)

1 PAKISTAN

2. LOWER Function
Query:
SELECTLOWER('PAKISTAN');
Output:

(Nocolumn name)
1 pakistan

3. LTRIM Function:

It Removesleading spaces from a string

Query:
SELECTLTRIM( welcome');

Output:
(Nocolumn name)
1 welcome

4. RTRIM Function:

It removes trailing spaces from a string.

Query:
SELECTRTRIM(*welcome );
Output:
(Nocolumn name)
1 welcome

5. CONCAT Function:

It concatenates the two strings.

Query:

SELECT CONCATEDbUdrin
Output:

(No column name)

1
Jawad Ahmad
 6. LEN Function:
It provides the length of a string like number of characters in a string

Query:
SELECT LEN('pakistan');
Output:
(Nocolumn name)
1

7. REPLACE Function:
replaces the all occurrences ofa substringwithin a
It
string.
Query:
SELECT REPLACE(lazy fox', 'dog', 'fox');
Output:

(No column name)

1 lazy fox

8. SUBSTRING Function:
It extracts some characters from a string.

Query:
SELECT SUBSTRING(lazy fox',6,3);
Output:

(No column name)

1 fox

Date & Time Functions

1. GETDATE) Function:
It will return the current date with time.

Query:

SELECT GETDATEO AS currentdatetime;

OUTPUT:
currentdatetime

2024-10-13 15:48:23.390

2. DATEPARTOFunction:
It will return part of current date.

Query:

SELECT DATEPART('year',
GETDATEO) AS currentyear;
Output:

currentyear
1 2024
 3. DATEADD) Function:
Itwill display the date and time by adding or subtractingdate and
time interval

Query:

SELECT DATEADD(month, 2,GETDATE)AS DateAdd;

Output:

DateAdd
1 2024-12-13 15:48:23.390

4. DATEDIFF) Function:
It will return the differencebetween two dates.

Query:

SELECT DATEDIFF(month,GETDATE), 2025/11/24) AS DateDIff;

Output:

DateDiff
13

5. CONVERT) Function:
It converts a values into specified datatype.

Query:

SELECT CONVERT(date,GETDATE0) AS TodayDate;

Output:

TodayDate
1 2024-10-13

Numeric Functions
1. ABS Function:
It returns the absolute value of a number.

Query:

SELECT ABS(-2.49) AS absolutenumber;

Output:

TodayDate
1 2024-10-13
2. ACOS Function:
It returns arc cosine of a number. Value must be between -1 to 1.

Query:

SELECT ACOS(-0.95) AS arc cosine;

Output:

arc cosine
1
2.82403222429827

3. ASIN Function:
It returnsarc sine of a number. Value must be between -1to 1.

Query:

SELECT ASIN(0.55) AS ar sine.

Output:

ar_ sine

0.582364237868743

4. ATAN Function:
It returnsarc tangent of a number.

Query:

SELECTATAN(4)AS arc tangent

Output:

arc tangent
1 1.32581766366803
5. ATN2 Function:

It returnsarc tangent oftwo values.

Query:
SELECTATN2(0.4,1.2);
Output:
(No column name)
1 |0.321750554396642

6. BETWEEN Function:
If the values exist between given two expressions, then those will
be come as output.
Query:

SELECT salary FROM users WHERE salary BETWEEN 2000 AND 100000;

Output:
 salary

30400.00
2 23000.00
3 23000.00

7. MIN Function:
Minimum value will come asoutput from expression.

Query:

SELECT MIN(age)From users.

Output:

(No column name)

1 12

8. MAX Function:
Maximum values will come as output from the give expression.

Query:

SELECT MAX(age) FROM users.

Output:

(No column name)

1 90

9. SQRT Function:
It returns the square root of a value.

Query:

SELECT SQRT(4);

Output:

(No column name)

2

10. PIFunction:
Pi value come as output.

Query:

SELECT PI);

Output:

(No column name)

3.14159265358979

11. CEILING Function:

Given value will come as output after rounding the decimals which is the next highest value.

Query:
 SELECT CEILING(123.25);
Output:

(No column name)

1 124

12. FLOOR Function:

Given value will come as output after rounding the decimals which is less than or equal to the

expression.

Query:
SELECT FLOOR(123.25);

Output:
(No column name)
1
123

13. LOG Function:

Natural logarithm ofthe given expression will come as output.

Query:

Select LOG(1)

Output:

(No column name)

1

Math Functions
1. ABS Function:

It returns absolute value.

Query:

SELECT ABS(-349);
Output:

(No column name)

1 349

2.POWER Function:
It returns the value of a numberraised to the powerofanother number.

Query:

SELECT POWER(4,2);
Output:

(No column name)

1 16
3. EXP Function:
It returns eraised to the power of a specified number.

Query:

SELECT EXP(1);

Output:

(No column name)

1 2.71828182845905

4. SQRT Function:
It returns the square root ofa number.

Query:

SELECT SQRT(64);

Output:

(No column name)

8
3. EXP Function:
Itreturns e raised to the power of a specified number.

Query:

SELECT EXP(1);

Output:

(No column name)

1 2.71828182845905

4. SQRT Function:
Itreturns the square root ofa number.

Query:

SELECT SQRT(64);

Output:

(Nocolumn name)
1 8