API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK

9th Edition

CHAPTER 5

VAPOR PRESSURE

Revised Chapter 5 to Fifth Edition (1992),

Seventh Edition (2005), Eighth Edition (2006)
And Ninth Edition (2013)

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table of Contents

Chapter 5 – Vapor Pressure

(1994)
Page

5-0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 5-1

Table 5-0.1 Comparison of Prediction Methods ........................................................... 5-2
Table 5-0.2 Computer Methods .................................................................................... 5-3
5A Vapor Pressures............................................................................................................................................. 5-4
5A1 Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow-Boiling Petroleum Fractions .................. 5-4
Procedure 5A1.1 Correlation of the Vapor Pressure of Pure Compounds ............................ 5-4
Table 5A1.2 Coefficients for Procedure 5A1.1 .............................................................. 5-6
Procedure 5A1.3 Alternate Correlation of the Vapor Pressure of Pure Compounds ........... 5-10
Table 5A1.4 Coefficients for Procedure 5A1.3 ............................................................ 5-12
Figure 5A1.5 Vapor Pressure of Normal Paraffin Hydrocarbons- High
Temperature Range ................................................................................. 5-16
Figure 5A1.6 Vapor Pressure of Branched Paraffin Hydrocarbons ............................... 5-17
Figure 5A1.7 Vapor Pressure of Paraffin Hydrocarbons – Low Temperature Range ... 5-18
Figure 5A1.8 Vapor Pressure of Naphthene Hydrocarbons .......................................... 5-19
Figure 5A1.9 Vapor Pressure of Olefin Hydrocarbons ................................................. 5-20
Figure 5A1.10 Vapor Pressure of Diolefin, Cycloolefin, and Acetylene
Hydrocarbons .......................................................................................... 5-21
Figure 5A1.11 Vapor Pressure of Lighter Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ............................ 5-22
Figure 5A1.12 Vapor Pressure of Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons ..................................... 5-23
Figure 5A1.13 Vapor Pressure of Miscellaneous Aromatic Hydrocarbons ..................... 5-24
Figure 5A1.14 Vapor Pressure of Heavy Hydrocarbons ................................................. 5-25
Figure 5A1.15 Vapor Pressure of Nonhydrocarbons (Alcohols and Ethers) ................... 5-26
Procedure 5A1.16 Prediction of Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons ............................... 5-30
Table 5A1.17 Correlation Terms for use in Procedure 5A1.16 ...................................... 5-32
Figure 5A1.18 Correlation Terms for Use in Procedure 5A1.16 ..................................... 5-33
Procedure 5A1.19 Prediction of Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and
Narrow-Boiling Petroleum Fractions ...................................................... 5-34
Figure 5A1.20a Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Petroleum
Fractions .................................................................................................. 5-37
Figure 5A1.20b Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Petroleum
Fractions .................................................................................................. 5-38
Figure 5A1.20c Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Petroleum
Fractions .................................................................................................. 5-39
Figure 5A1.20d Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Petroleum
Fractions .................................................................................................. 5-40
Figure 5A1.20e Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Petroleum
Fractions .................................................................................................. 5-41
Figure 5A1.20f Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Petroleum
Fractions .................................................................................................. 5-42
Figure 5A1.21 Watson K – Correction for Procedure 5A1.19 ........................................ 5-43
5B Reid Vapor Pressure and True Vapor Pressure .................................................................................. 5-44
Figure 5B1.1 True Vapor Pressure of Gasolines and Finished Petroleum Products ..... 5-44
Figure 5B1.2 True Vapor Pressure of Crude Oils ......................................................... 5-47
Procedure 5B1.3 Blending Method for Reid Vapor Pressure ............................................. 5-49
Procedure 5B1.4 Prediction of Reid Vapor Pressure .......................................................... 5-51
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-56

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Preface

Chapter 5 – Vapor Pressure

(2006)

This revised chapter is based on a much expanded and verified experimental data base used both to evaluate
prediction methods and to present correlating equations for individual compounds. The inclusion of correlating
equations for vapor pressure is new to the chapter and substantially enhances its use. Revised consistent vapor
pressure plots are retained for desk use. Both previous methods for prediction of vapor pressure are retained with
expanded evaluations. A method for prediction of Reid vapor pressure has been included. Detailed results of the
evaluations that serve as a basis for the selection of the material in this chapter are available in Documentation
Report #5-93 available from Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The work on this chapter was carried out by Thomas E. Daubert assisted by Michael J. Thorwart and several
undergraduate scholars. The chapter 5 coordinator for the Technical Data Committee was Peter Nick of Unocal,
Chair: Dale Embry, Phillips Petroleum, Calvin Spencer, M.W. Kellogg with assistance from B.I. Lee, Mobil; C.K.
Shen-Tu, Brown & Root-Braun and B. Kouzel, Unocal.
Chapter 5 was updated in 2006 based on the detailed review and comments of the Chapter 5 Coordinator of the
API Technical Data Committee, Ray Won of Fluor.

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

5-0 Introduction

Chapter 5 – Vapor Pressure

(1994)
Vapor pressure is the pressure at which the vapor [Link] procedure requires the critical
phase of a substance is in equilibrium with the liquid temperature, critical pressure and acentric factor of a
phase of that substance at a specified temperature. hydrocarbon. A slightly less accurate alternative
The term is commonly applied to pure substances but prediction method is given for pure hydrocarbons if
it is also used occasionally with mixtures. Apart from these critical properties are not available. This
the temperature effect, the composition of the vapor alternative method, Procedure 5A1.19, requires only
and liquid phases (when not pure) also influences the the normal boiling point and the Watson K factor and
equilibrium pressure. Therefore, to use the term is also applicable to narrow-boiling range petroleum
vapor pressure with mixtures, the composition effect fractions. The procedure, which includes Figures
5A1.20 and 5A1.21, can also be used to convert a
must be taken into account, either by holding liquid,
known boiling point from one pressure to another.
vapor, or overall composition constant or by focusing
Table 5-0.1 gives average and bias percent errors for
attention on a portion of the liquid mixture which is
each family of compounds tested for Procedures
sufficiently close boiling that composition changes 5A1.16 and 5A1.19.
with temperature have a negligible effect on pressure.
The Reid vapor pressure (RVP) is the absolute
Specific vapor pressure correlation equations are
pressure exerted by a mixture (in pounds per square
recommended in Procedures 5A1.1 and 5A1.3. For
inch) determined at 100 °F and at a feed
compounds covered in this section these equations
will give more accurate vapor pressures over the vapor-to-liquid volume ratio of 4. (Defined and
range specified for the particular compound than the specified in ASTM Method D 323, the apparatus and
generalized predictive procedures. The approximate procedures are standardized under the auspices of the
average error to be expected and the range of American Society for Testing and Materials).
applicability for each compound for each correlating Frequently, the RVP is used to characterize the
equation deemed satisfactory are given together with volatility of gasolines and crude oils. It also provides
the correlation coefficients in Tables 5A1.2 and a convenient approximation of the absolute vapor
5A1.4. Procedure 5A1.1 is the primary method and pressure of a partly vaporized sample at 100 °F. Two
is of a form that can be extrapolated slightly above figures are given which relate the RVP and ASTM D
the critical point when necessary. Procedure 5A1.3 86 boiling characteristics to true vapor pressure for
is the alternate method which is constrained at the crude oils over a wide range of temperatures (Figure
exact critical point and cannot be extrapolated higher. 5B1.2) and for gasolines and other finished
The experimental vapor pressure-temperature petroleum products (Figure 5B1.1). Procedure 5B1.4
relationships of a number of the more common gives a computer method for predicting the Reid
hydrocarbons and a few important nonhydrocarbons vapor pressure for both pure compounds and
are plotted directly in Figures 5A1.5 through 5A1.15. petroleum fractions.
The scales of most of these figures are the logarithm NOTE: A report which documents the basis upon
of the vapor pressure and a modified reciprocal which the material in this chapter has been selected
1 has been published by the American Petroleum
temperature scale , where t is temperature in
t  382 Institute as Documentation Report No. 5-93 available
degrees Fahrenheit. from University Microfilms International, Books and
An accurate generalized method of predicting pure Collections, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
hydrocarbon vapor pressures is given as Procedure

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5-0.1 – Comparison of Prediction Methods

(1994)

No. Procedure 5A1.16 Procedure 5A1.19

of (Lee Kesler) (Maxwell Bonnell)
Family Cpds Percent Error Percent Error__

Bias Average Bias Average

n-Alkanes 22 0.5 3.1 –0.9 3.8
Methyl alkanes 16 –0.1 1.8 0.2 1.4
Dimethyl Alkanes 16 –1.2 1.5 0.1 3
Other branched alkanes 20 –1.3 1.6 –0.4 4.6
Cycloalkanes 4 –1.5 2 1.3 3.1

Substd. cyclopentanes 10 –2.9 4 –1.9 2.9

Substd. cyclohexanes 13 1.9 3.5 –3.5 5.4
Decalins/bicyclohexyl 3 10.6 14.7 –4.6 13.7
n-Alkenes 18 –0.3 2.3 –1.5 3.9
Other linear alkenes 13 –0.8 1.2 0.6 1.9

Methyl alkenes 13 –1.1 2.8 1.1 2

Other branched alkenes 10 1.8 3.8 0.4 1.8
Cycloalkenes 4 –2.2 3.7 –1.9 3.6
Alkadienes 13 12.7 14.5 3.9 4.5
Alkynes 8 –1.1 5.3 1 8

n-Alkylbenzenes 14 –1.9 2.9 –0.2 1.9

Substd. Alkylbenzenes 25 –0.6 3.3 1.3 1.9
Aromatics with 13 –0.5 3.4 4.7 6
unsaturated side chains
Naphthalenes & tetralin 8 –1.9 3.7 2 3.3

Fused ring aromatics 6 –12.9 13.7 –16.5 17.1

Multiple aromatic rings 6 5.2 12.7 –4 15.6
Indene/indane 2 –6.0 6.1 3.8 4.3
Thiophene/Tetrahydrothi
ophene 2 2.3 2.6 3 3.7
Nitrogen rings 5 –4.4 5.2 –4.1 10

Total 264

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5-0.2 – Computer Methods

(2011)

Program Procedure Description

Pure Component 5A1.1 Correlation of the Vapor Pressure of Pure Compounds
Properties
In Development 5A1.16 Prediction of Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons
Petro Fraction 5A1.19 Prediction of Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and
Properties Narrow-Boiling Petroleum Fractions
True Vapor Pressure (Fig. 5B1.1) True Vapor Pressure of Gasolines and Finished Petroleum
(Utility Program) Products
True Vapor Pressure (Fig. 5B1.2) True Vapor Pressure of Crude Oils
(Utility Program)
Reid Vapor Pressure 5B1.3 Blending Method for Reid Vapor Pressure
(Utility Program)
In Development 5B1.4 Predictions of Reid Vapor Pressures

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

5A Vapor Pressures

5A1 Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow -Boiling Petroleum Fractions

Procedure 5A1.1 –Calculating the Vapor Pressures of Pure Compounds

(1994)
Discussion
The following equation is recommended for calculating the vapor pressure of any pure compound over the
temperature range specified for the compound.
B E
ln P  A   C lnT  DT 2  2 (5A1.1-1)
T T

Where:
P = vapor pressure of the pure compound psia
T = temperature degrees Rankine
A,B,C,D,E = derived coefficients from Table 5A1.2

Table 5A1.2 gives the coefficients for the above equation together with the applicable temperature range and
the maximum and average percent errors from the comparison with experimental data carried out during regression.

Procedure
Use the coefficients from Table 5A1.2 in equation (5A1.1-1) to calculate the vapor pressure within the
temperature range specified.

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5A1.1

(1994)

Purpose
This procedure is to be used to calculate the vapor pressure of specific compounds as a function of temperature.

Limitations
This procedure is valid only over the temperature limits listed in Table 5A1.2. The procedure can be
extrapolated slightly above the critical temperature where noted by the limits given in Table 5A1.2

Special Comments
The vapor pressures calculated by this procedure in the experimental data range are totally consistent with the
vapor pressure plots for common compounds of Figures 5A1.5 through 5A1.13.
Errors given in the correlation coefficient tables should be noted when using this procedure.
The triple point temperature and critical temperature listed in Table 5A1.2 are taken from the 1992 version of
the The Pure Component Properties program database. Therefore, slight discrepancies may be found for some
compounds.

Literature Sources
Procedure 5A1.1 is a modification of the Riedel (272) method and was developed by the project staff at The
Pennsylvania State University. It has been thoroughly tested by the project staff and evaluated by the API Technical
Data Committee.

Example
Determine the vapor pressure of n-octane at a temperature of 100 °F.
The necessary parameters are obtained from Table 5A1.2 for n-octane (compound number 36).

A = 76.793
B = –11700.0
C = –8.8309
D= 0.0000020086
E = –395420
and
T = 100 °F = 559.7 °R

Using equation (5A1. l -1)

ln P = –0.62159
P = 0.5371 psia

The experimental value listed in The Pure Component Properties program is 0.5376 psia.

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.2 – Coefficients for Procedure 5A1.1

(1994)
MAX% AVE%
COMPOUND NAME A B c D E TP1' Tmin Tm>x Tc ERR ERR

NONHYDROCARBONS
I Oxygen 3.9762E+OI -2.2262E+03 -4.7268E+OO 1.7521E-05 6.1941E+03 98 98 305 278 1.8 0.1
2 Hydrogen -5.4119E+OO -6.5123E+OI 2.9071E+OO 2.8894E-05 -8.5898E+02 25 25 65 60 6.0 0.9
3 Water 7.8294E+O I -1.4309E+04 -8.5005E+OO 1.4311E-06 1.7526E+05 492 492 1280 1165 0.5 0.1
4 Nitrogen dioxide -1.6165E+02 1.3458E+04 2.3645£+01 -2.9099E-06 -2.4018£+06 471 471 850 776 3.0 0.2
5 Nitric oxide 3.1705£+02 -1.6068E+04 -4.7164E+OI 7.2089E-05 4.6778E+05 197 197 355 324 6.0 0.8
6 Nitrous oxide 1.2458E+02 -1.0689£+04 -1.6248£+01 9.7825E-06 3.8871E+05 328 328 610 557 9.3 1.5
7 Ammonia 3.6274E+OI -5.3204E+03 -3.3757E+OO 2.0131E-06 -2.1404£+05 352 352 800 730 1.2 0.4
8 Chlorine -2.2517E+OO -1.8808E+03 1.8891E+OO -4.0763E-08 -3.9663E+05 310 310 825 751 2.8 0.5
9 Hydrogen chloride 6.2968E+OI -6.0643E+03 -7.4857£+00 5.8712E-06 6.3865£+04 286 286 640 584 4.9 0.6
10 Hydrogen sulfide -4.7322£+01 2.4043E+03 8.1971£+00 -2.0271E-06 -6.9380E+05 338 338 740 672 7.3 1.0
II Carbon monoxide 9.6853£+01 -4.0476E+03 -1.4175E+Ol 4.8573E-05 6.6057£+04 123 123 260 239 10.2 0.9
12 Carbon dioxide 3.2930£+02 -2.7968E+04 -4.4992£+0I 2.1351£-05 1.8121E+06 390 390 600 548 0.8 0.1
13 Sulfur dioxide 1.8055£+02 -2.0272£+04 -2.3014E+Ol 6.2917E-06 1.1892£+06 356 365 850 775 3.3 0.8
PARAFFINS
14 Methane 3.3827£+01 -2.4795E+03 -3.6440£+00 9.5742E-06 5.5736£+03 163 163 375 343 0.3 0.0
15 Ethane 4.6348£+01 -4.6773£+03 -5.1827£+00 4.7093E-06 -1.0459£+03 163 163 605 550 0.3 0.0
16 Propane 5.9242£+0 1 -6.6250£+03 -6.8654£+00 3.8803£-06 1.8418E+04 154 154 750 666 2.4 0.9
17 ,,.BUlane 6.1014E+01 -7.7978£+03 -6.9583£+00 2.8913E-06 -4.6755£+03 243 243 840 765 6.5 0.4
18 lsobutane 1.2790£+02 -1.2856£+04 -1.6433£+01 6.6710E-06 3.9238E+05 204 450 780 735 2.3 I. I
19 n·Pentane 7.0115£+01 -8.9802£+03 -8.1965E+OO 2.9533£-06 -1.2087£+05 258 265 930 845 4.5 0.8
20 lsopentane 6.7488£+01 -8.9878£+03 -7.7859£+00 2.7146E-06 7.3035E+02 204 320 910 829 0.3 0.1
21 Neopentane 1.1444£+02 -1.3407£+04 -1.4236£+01 4.5590£-06 5.5466£+05 462 462 860 781 3.3 0.2
22 n·Hexane -2.1375£+01 4.2444£+02 4.2014£+00 -4.2319£-08 -1.3639£+06 320 320 1000 913 2.9 0.8
23 2-Melhylpenlane 5.3718£+01 -8.1541£+03 -5.8437£+00 1.8985E -06 -2.6826£+05 215 360 985 896 4.5 0.2
24 3-Melhylpenlane 7.5850E+OI -1.0251E+04 -8.8908£+00 2.7105E-06 -9.9752£+04 198 345 1000 908 4.8 0.8
25 2,2-Dimclhylbolanc 3.1072E+OO -2.5556£+03 9.6386£-01 4.8912E-07 -7.8464£+05 314 365 965 880 0.3 0.1
26 2,3-Dime�hylbolane 6.2350E+OI -8.9893£+03 -7.0300£+00 2.1544E-06 -1.5015£+05 261 330 990 900 1.9 0.1
27 n·Heptane 1.8350£+01 -4.3976E+03 -1.0907£+00 8.1020£-07 -1.0534£+06 329 329 1090 972 4.2 0.3
28 2-Melhylhexane 8.3161£+01 -1.1851£+04 -9.7568£+00 2.4654E-06 -6.3936£+04 279 400 1050 955 1.9 0.2
29 3-Melhylhcxanc 5.5109£+01 -8.6225£+03 -6.0086£+00 1.7501E-06 -4.6227£+05 277 410 1000 963 4.9 0.3
30 2.4-Dimelhylpemane 5.8563£+01 -8.7835E+03 -6.5031 E+OO 1.9426E-06 -3.5657£+05 277 380 1030 936 2.8 0.3
31 2.2-Dimelhylpenlane 1.5119£+02 -1.9177E+04 -1.89441::+ 01 4.4423E-06 8.7572£+05 269 350 1030 937 1.2 0.1
32 2,3-Dimethylpentane 9.4974£+01 -1.3556£+04 -1.1289£+01 2.6213E-06 2.2304£+05 365 1060 967 11.6 0.6
33 3,3·Dimelhylpenlanc 9.6124£+01 -1.3605£+04 -1.1465£+01 2.6966E-06 2.8357£+05 250 345 1060 966 2.9 0.2
34 2,2,3-Trimethylbulllne 5.4984£+01 -8.6672Et03 -5.9961EtOO 1.7379E-06 -2.7764£+05 447 447 1050 956 1.0 0.1
35 3-Ethylpenlane 7.9864£+01 -1.1732Et04 -9.2765£+00 2.2407E-06 -6.5284£+04 278 390 1070 973 0.7 0.1
36 "·OeHme 7.6793£+01 -1.1700E+04 -8.8309£+00 2.0086E-06 -3.9542£+05 389 SIS 1125 1024 3.2 0.4
37 2,2·Dimelhylhexane 5.4874£+01 -8.6970£+03 -5.9785£+00 1.6700E-06 -5.73421:: +05 274 425 1090 990 0.8 0.1
38 2,3-Dimelhylhc·)l;ane 6.1935E+01 -9.7969£+03 -G.886VE+00 1 .75846-06 -4.8764E+05 505 II t.) 1014 0.6 0.1
39 2.4-Dimethylhexane 5.4351Et01 -8.7655£+03 -5.8896E+OO 1.6114£-06 -5.74991:: +05 500 1095 996 0.6 0.1
40 2,5-Dimethylhexanc 6.2056£+01 -9.6132E+03 -6.9233£+00 1.8230E-06 -4.8486£+05 328 460 1090 990 0.9 0.1
41 3,3-Dimethylhexane 1.3044£+01 -7.1790£+03 0 0 0 265 693 1012 1012
42 3,4-Dimcthylhexane 9.0387£+01 -1.3569£+04 -1.0613E+Ol 2.2616E-06 2.3841E+04 SIS 1125 1024 0.5 0.1
43 2-Melhylheplanc 1.23261::+02 -1.7380£+04 -1.4990£+01 3.0524E-06 4.4368E+05 295 375 1105 1007 1.9 0.2
44 3-Melhylheplane 1.0472E+02 -1.5246£+04 -1.2513£+01 2.5833E-06 1.7988E+05 275 390 1015 1015 2.7 0.1
45 4-Melhylheplane 7.4219£+01 -1.1371E+04 -8.4932£+00 1.9726E-06 -3.2851Et05 274 450 1110 1011 0.8 0.1
46 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 6.0368£+01 -9.5060£+03 -6.6958£+00 1.7786E-06 -3.2521E+05 298 405 1075 979 5.0 0.4
47 2,2,3-Trime1hylpen1ane 7.3085£+01 -1.1307E+04 -8.3493£+00 1.9377E-06 -1.6521£+05 290 390 IllS 1014 0.6 0.1
48 2.3.3·Trimelhylpenlane 7.5022£+01 -1.1872£+04 -8.5698£+00 1.8976E-06 -6.651Oll+04 310 440 1135 1032 0.7 0.1
49 2.3,4-Trimelhylpenlanc 9.3068E+OI -1.3987£+04 -1.0961Et01 2.3058E-06 1.6588£+05 295 360 1120 1019 2.0 0.2
50 2,2,3,3-Telramelhylbulane 1.2759£+01 -6.8783£+03 0 0 0 673 674 1022 1022
51 3·Ethylhexanc 8.18738+01 -1.2385£+04 -9 .4986£+00 2.1125E-06 -1.8613E+05 510 1120 1018 0.6 0.1
52 2-Mcthyl-3-elhylpemare 8.1555E+OI -1.2436E+04 -9.4517E+OO 2.0862E-06 -9.9848E+04 285 450 1120 1021 0.7 0.1
53 3-Melhyl-3-lhylpenlane 6.9800E+Ol -1.1284£+04 -7.8703E+OO 1.7653E-06 -1.7973£+05 328 400 1140 1038 0.6 0.1
54 n-Nonane 2.7423E+02 -3.7778£+04 -3.4697Et01 5.5309E-06 2.9320£+06 395 470 1180 1072 1.4 02
55 2-Methyloctane 3.0932£+02 -4.2271 E+04 -3.9304£+01 6.1939E-06 3.6281£+06 347 545 1160 1056 1.3 0.3
56 3-Mclhyloclane 1.5059£+02 -2.1303£+04 -1.8536Et01 3.3714E-06 7.2649E+05 298 485 1200 1062 1.9 0.4
57 4-Methyloctttne -1.8716£+01 1.0516E+03 3.6412E+00 2.8836E-07 -2.3831E+06 288 440 1160 1058 3.1 0.8
58 2,2-Dimethylheptane -[Link]+02 1.8030E+04 2.1659E+01 -2.52SOE-06 -4.4601E+06 288 460 1140 1038 1.6 0.4
59 2,6·Dimelhylheplanc 3.7963E+02 -5.1564£+04 -4.8507£+01 7.45SIE-06 5.0373£+06 306 545 1145 1042 2.7 0.4
60 3,3·Dielhylpcntane 4.5559E+OI -8.6120£+03 -4.6574£+00 1.2128E-06 -7 .3508£+05 432 432 1205 1098 0.0 0.0
61 2.2,5-Trimelhylhexane 3.2024E+01 -6.1507£+03 -2.9266E+OO 1.0430E-06 -1.0391£+06 301 450 1125 1022 0.0 0.0
62 2,4,4-Trimelhylhcxane 6.7499Et01 -1.0753£+04 -7.6172E+OO 1.8336E-06 -4.2139£+05 288 440 1150 1046 0.1 0.0
63 2.2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane 1.1685Et01 -4.4205£+03 -1.562913-01 3.5604E-07 -1.2300E•06 474 474 1210 1100 0.1 0.0
64 2,2,3,4-Twamelhylpenlane 3.4213£+01 -6.9464£+03 -3.1691£+00 9.5568£-07 -8.7465E+m 274 425 1170 1066 0.2 0.0
65 2,2,4,4-Telramelhylpcnlane 4.1550E+OI -7.5761£+03 -4.1731E+OO 1.2086E-06 -7.2071E+m 373 460 1130 1028 0.1 0.0
66 2,3,3,4·Telramelhylpenlanc 4.1460£+01 -8.1491E+03 -4.0967£+00 1.0504E-06 -7.4630£+05 308 450 1200 1094 0.0 0.0
67 3-Eihylheplane -8.5096E+O I 7.2769£+03 1.2721£+01 -1.7771E - 06 -2.870 IE+06 285 460 1165 1062 4.0 0.7
68 2,2-Dimelhyl-3-elhylpentane 2.5586£+02 -3.5086£+04 -3.2343£+01 5.289SE-06 2.8063E+06 313 440 1165 1062 1.6 0.3
69 2,4-Dimclhyl-3-elhylpcnlanc 1.0593£+02 -1.5496£+04 -1.2694£+01 2.5877E-06 9.9535£+04 271 450 1170 1064 1.6 0.4
70 11-Decane 1.0673£+02 -1.6454Et04 -1.2659£+01 2.2295E-06 -2.3063£+05 438 515 1225 1113 3.8 0.5
71 2-Methylnomme -5.2049£+01 6.1934£+03 7.8999£+00 -1.6668£-07 -3.5822£+06 357 500 1205 1098 2.4 0.4
72 3-Mcthylnonane 2.2831Et02 -3.3136£+04 -2.8491£+01 4.2568£-06 2.3144E+06 339 485 1210 1103 2.3 0.4
73 4-Methylnonane 1.5893£+02 -2.3989E+04 -1.9413E+OI 3.0471£-06 1.0874E+06 314 470 1240 1098 2.2 0.4
74 5-Melhylnonane -1.3683E+02 1.8182E+04 1.8881£+01 -1.4465E-06 -5.3373£+06 334 500 1205 1098 1.7 0.3
75 2,2-Dimethyloclane -7. 9228E+0I 7.9789£+03 1.1715£+01 -1.1846E-06 -3.3585E+06 565 1190 1084 1.9 0.6
76 n-Undecane 9.1338£+01 -1.4110£+04 -1.0691E+01 1.9995E-06 -9.4297E+05 446 580 1265 1150 4.2 0.2
77 ti�Dodecane 1.7024£+02 -2.5990£+04 -2.0822£+0I 2.9759E-06 6.4519E+05 474 515 1300 1185 2.3 0.2
78 11-Tridecane 8.3482£+02 -1.3154£+05 -1.0554£+02 1.0785£-05 1.8631E+07 482 600 1285 1216 9.0 1.5

A.B,C,D,E = Co!'Tclation coefficients T(." = Critical temperature:R

TPT Triple point [Link],•R MAX % ERR = Maximum % error in vapor pressure for experimental data set
Tmin Minimum temperature for correlation:R AVE%ERR = Average� error in vapor pressul'e for all experimental data
T max Maximum temperature for correlation:R
points used in regression

5-6 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.2 (Continued)

(1994)
MAX% AVE%
COMPOUND NAME A B c D E TPT Tn1in T,m�;�c T, ERR ERR

79 n-Tetradccane 1.3078E+02 -2.0072E+04 -1.5743E+OI 2.3531E-06 -1.0089E+06 502 665 1246 1246 0.3 0.1
80 n-Pentadecane 1.9685E+02 -3.0584E+04 -2.4158E+01 3.0811E-06 4.6577E+05 510 690 1330 1272 0.2 0.1
81 11-Hexadecane 1.7420E+02 -2.8534E+04 -2.1090E+OI 2.5228E-06 8.8111E+04 524 530 1385 1297 5.4 0.3
82 n-Heptadecane -7.5324E+OI 1.3948E+04 1.0397E+OI 2.1438B-09 -8.1956E+06 531 560 1450 1320 3.3 0.5
83 11-0ctadecarte 4.3311E+02 -6.8776E+04 -5.4134E+01 5.4392E-06 6.1073E+06 542 570 1341 1341 6.5 1.8
84 n-Nonadecane 2.4395E+02 -4.1187E+04 -2.9766E+O I 2.8843E-06 1.5865E+06 550 665 1385 1361 2.7 0.5
85 n-Eicosane 2.1435E+02 -4.1637E+04 -2.5400E+01 1.7283E--06 2.2404E+06 557 620 1450 1381 7.8 1.2
86 n-Teiracosane 8.0484E+02 -1.403?E+05 -I .OOIIE+02 ?.8503E-06 1.9191E+0? 583 800 1560 1458 4.0 0.7
87 11-0ctacosane 2.3472E+01 -1.6628E+02 -2.2044E+OO 9.0323�7 -1.0217E+07 602 750 1665 1517 5.7 1.1

NAPHTHENES
88 Cyclopentane 7.8860E+OI -1.1139E+04 -9.1663E+OO 2.4385E-06 1.7936E.+05 323 365 1010 921 4.0 0.6
89 Methylcyctopentane 6.9235E+01 -1.0259E+04 -7.8750E+OO 2.0796E-06 --6.9909E+04 235 320 1055 959 2.0 0.1
90 Ethyleyclopentane 3.5173E+OI --6.7688E+03 -3.2937E+OO 1.0663E-06 --6.9827E+05 242 330 1125 1025 1.6 0.1
91 1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane 3.7315E+OI --6.2084E+03 -3.7135E+OO 1.5840E-06 -7 .1444E+05 366 366 1080 985 0.8 0.1
92 cis-I .2-Dimethylcyclopentane 4.8701E:+O I -S.1276E+03 -5.1353E+00 1.5138E-06 -5.2008E+05 395 450 1115 1017 0.1 0.0
93 'rans-1,2-Dimethylcyclo-
pentane 4.8807E+01 -7.8438E+03 -5.1929E+OO 1.6778E-06 -5.24411?.+05 280 360 1095 996 0.2 0.0
94 cis-1.3-0imethylcyclo·
pentane --6.2227E+02 6.7460E+04 8.4819E+01 -1.5698E-05 -9.1550E.+06 251 475 992 992 3.2 1.2
95 tmns-1,3�Dimethylcyclo-
pentane 6.2612E+OI -9.5132E+03 -7.0262E+00 1.9932E-06 -3.0956E+05 251 360 1095 995 0.2 0.0
96 n-Propylcyclopcntane -1.9290E+01 -7.8164E+02 4.0133E+OO -4.7027�7 -1.6638E+06 280 440 1190 1085 0.2 0.0
97 lsopropylcyclopentane 1.6201!H02 -2.2742E+04 -2.0062E+OI 3.6929E-06 1.2215E+06 291 375 1175 1067 5.9 0.3
98 Cyclohexane 1.6545E+02 -2.2596E+04 -2.0538E+OI 3.9165E-06 1.5144E+06 503 503 1095 996 4.2 0.7
99 Methylcyclohexane 4.1978E+01 -7.6143E+03 -4.1995E+OO 1.1892E-06 -5.3200E+05 264 485 1130 1030 0.9 0.2
100 Ethylcyclohexane �.8336E+OO -2.7055E+03 2.1065E+OO -1.8961E-07 -1.3556E+06 291 410 1205 1096 0.2 0.0
101 1.1-Dimethylcyclohexame 8.0576E+OO -3.9419E+03 3.4784�1 2.1202�7 -1.0899E+06 431 485 1170 1064 0.1 0.0
102 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclo·
hexane -1.8289E+01 -9.8315E+02 3.8753E+OO -4.7206�7 -1.5483E+06 402 470 1200 1091 0.2 0.0
103 urtns-1.2-Dimethylcyclo-
hexane -1.4797E+OO -2.9696E+03 1.6340E+OO -3.7322�8 -1.2181E+06 333 440 1180 1073 0.1 0.0
104 ci.r-1.3-Dimethylcyclo-
llcx:me -3.5229E+OO -2.7704E+03 1.9288E+OO -1.5532E-07 -1.2302E+06 356 460 1170 1064 0.4 0.0
105 trans-1.3-Dimethylcyclo-
hexane -2.0638E+OO -3.0057E+03 1.7475E+00 -1.8037E-07 -1.2516E+06 329 460 1180 1076 1.4 0.1
106 cis-1.4·Dimethylcyclohexane -2.9807E+OO -2.9255Et03 1.8701E+OO -1.9736E-07 -1.24568+06 334 400 1185 1077 0.1 0.0
107 trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclo-
he,;ane 6.4353E+OO -3 .8337E+03 5.7787E-01 1.5023�7 -1.0920E+06 425 425 1165 1062 0.3 0.0
108 11- Propylcyclohexane -2.7278E+OI -4.1842E+OI 5.0718E+OO -7.0450�7 -1.97158+06 321 410 1265 1150 0.4 o.o
109 lsopropylcyclohexane 7.7647E+OI -1.3008E+04 -8.8263E+OO 1.6545E-06 -2.26758+05 331 375 1240 1129 3.9 0.1
110 1r-Butylcyclohexane -9.5363E+OI 9.1486E+03 1.39438+01 -1.8712E-06 -3.60288+06 357 515 1320 1201 0.2 0.0
I l l n-Decylcyclohexaoe 9.3658E+OI -1.6446E+04 -1.0776E+OI 1.4641E-06 -1.8759E+06 489 600 1485 1352 3.0 0.3
112 Cycloheptane 8.3408E+01 -1.2925E+04 -9.6615E+OO 1.9926E-06 -1.1286E+04 477 477 1195 1088 0.9 0.1
113 Cyclooctane 8.4262E+OI -1.3713E+04 -9.7188E+OO 1.8511E-06 -1.0762E+05 518 518 1265 1152 2.3 0.2
114 I·Methyl- l·ethylcyclop<ntane 1.2825E+02 -1.7949E+04 -1.5703E+OI 3.3260E-06 5.6921E+05 233 330 1150 1048 1.7 0.1
OLEFINS
115 Ethylene 4.5161E+01 �.1926E+03 -5.0837E+OO 5.4583E-06 -1.3941E+04 187 187 560 508 8.9 0.6
116 Propylene 6.2835E+OI -6.7973E+03 -7.3821E+OO 4.2049E-06 4.0466E+04 158 158 720 658 5.4 0.2
II? !-Butene 1.4463E+02 -1.4547E+04 -1.8703E+OI 7.1411E-06 5.0169E+05 158 225 830 156 2.1 0.4
118 cis-2-Butene -2.6281E+02 2.5364E+04 3.7157E+01 -8.1878E-06 -3.51648+06 242 410 860 784 2.6 0.5
119 trorl.t·2-Butene -3.2314E+02 3.0875E+04 4.5490E+OI -1.0525�5 -3.9628E+06 302 440 850 772 2.4 0.5
120 lsobutenc --6.9324E+OI 4.8087E+03 L0982E+OI -2.3641E-06 -1.20838+06 239 310 825 752 6.0 1.4
121 1-Pentenc -3.8105E+00 -1.4840E+03 1.8865E+OO 4.5886�7 -8.3575E+05 194 300 920 837 6.6 0.3
122 cis-2-Pentene 4.3745E+OI --6.4127E+03 -4.5720E+OO 1.9478E-06 -3.9209E+05 219 345 940 855 0.1 0.0
123 fl'mr.r-2-Pentcne 4.4115E+OI --6.7393E+03 �.5719E+OO 1.8326E-06 -3.07998+05 239 330 940 854 0.2 0.0
124 2-Methyl·l·butene 3.6418E+OI -5.6531 E+03 -3.5712E+OO 1.7189E-06 -4.2192E+05 244 345 900 837 0.6 0.1
125 2-Methyl-2-butene 2.3137E+OI -4.9060E+03 -1.6702E+00 1.0476E-06 -4.6056E+05 251 320 930 848 3.4 0.3
126 3-Methyl·l·butene 9.1844E+OI -1.0947E+04 -1.1206E+OI 4.0316E-06 1.9735E+05 188 280 890 811 0.5 0.0
127 l·Hexene 3.5628E+OI -6.0432E+03 -3.4267Et00 1.4302E-06 -5.6499Et05 240 410 1000 907 0.0 0.0
128 ci.r-2-Hexenc -1.0962E+01 -2.2573E+03 3.0846E+O O -6.1127�7 -8.5797 E+05 238 345 1000 923 1.7 0.1
129 trtms-2-Hexene -9.6301E+OO -1.5257E+03 2.7644E+OO -2.4009�7 -1.0753E+06 252 375 1000 923 0.2 0.0
130 ci.r-3-Hexene 1.0675E+02 -1.4082E+04 -1.2963E+OI 3.2953E-06 3.3891E+05 244 345 1000 916 1.2 0.1
131 tmm-3-Hexene 1.0661E+02 -1.4140E+04 -!.2928E+OI 3.2664E-06 3.4015E+05 288 350 1005 916 0.7 0.0
132 2-Melhyl·l·pentenc -7.8186�1 -2.4475E+03 1.57316+00 -2.59636-08 -9.2401Et05 247 375 1000 913 0.0 0.0
133 2-Methyl-2-pentene -1.0133E+01 -1.9369E+Ol 2.9290E+OO - 6.0052E-07 -9.7344E+05 249 330 1000 925 0.1 0.0
134 3-Methyl-1-pcntene 1.2955E+02 -1.5480E+04 -1.6255E+OI 4.7487E-06 5.04366+05 216 300 980 891 1.0 0.1
135 3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 5.6169E+OI -9.0317E+03 --6.0614E+OO 1.5880E-06 -1.6888E+05 249 345 1000 927 0.9 0.1
136 4-Methyl-1-pentene 2.3255E+OI �.8545E+03 -1.7230E+OO 9.5002�7 -5.7535E+05 215 330 980 893 0.1 0.0
137 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 1.2874E+OI -3.7286E+03 -3.0876E-OI 5.5797E-07 -7.4782E+05 249 375 985 898 0.1 0.0
138 4-Methyl-/mlls-2-pentene 2.2498E+01 -4.9368E+03 -1.5772E+00 7.5395E-07 --6.1735E+05 238 320 990 902 0.0 0.0
139 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene -2.9304E+01 -5.7830E+01 5.5452E+OO -1.2707E-06 -1.2073E+06 358 425 1035 943 0.2 0.0
140 2.3-Dimethyl·l·btttene -3.3874E+OO -2.2991E+03 1.9466E+OO -1.3276E-07 -8.4720E+05 209 345 990 900 0.1 0.0
141 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butcne 4.2387E+00 -1.9716E+03 7.0272E-OI 8.7222E-07 -8.9696E+05 284 375 950 864 0.6 0.1
142 2-Ethyl-1-btttene --6.1009E+OI 3.0795E+03 9.8874E+OO -2.3672E-06 -1.4322E+06 255 375 1015 922 0.2 0.0
143 1-Heptene 3.8560E+OI --6.7946E+03 -3.7807E+OO 1.3042E-06 --6.9878E+05 278 390 1060 967 2.8 0.1
144 cis-2-Hcptene 1.3502E+02 -1.8954E+04 -1.6515E+01 3.2217E-06 8.9483E+05 295 485 1085 988 3.2 0.3
145 lmn.r-2-Heptene -2.1132E+01 4.0113E+02 4.1093E+OO 1.2428E-07 -1.5905E+06 295 425 1075 977 2.6 0.4
146 cis-3-Heptene -5.4011E+01 4.1237E+03 8.5495E+OO -9.7790�7 -2.0452E+06 246 410 1080 981 2.7 0.5
147 ,,.tms-3-Heptene 1.8442E+02 -2.3491E+04 -2.3309E+O I 5.0537E-06 1.2722E+06 246 390 1055 972 3.6 0.5
148 2-Mcthyl·l·hexene 2.5630E+02 -3.2603E+04 -3.2761E+OI 6.3826E-06 2.5035E+06 307 470 1065 968 2.9 0.4

A.B,C,D,E = Correlation coefficients T, = [Link].�R

TPT Triple point cemperature.�R MAX%ERR = Maximum %error in vapor pressure for experimental data set
T1nin Minimum temperature for correlation�R AVE%ERR :;:: Average% e1Tor in vapor pressure for all experimenlal data
Tmnx Maximum temperature for correlation,0R points used in regression

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5-7
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.2 (Continued)

(1994)

MAX% AVE%
COMPOUND NAME A B c 0 E TPT Tmin T.n;.A T, ERR ERR

149 3-Methyl-1-heJtene -1.8480E+02 1.8799E+04 2.6125E+OI -4.43906-06 -3.6521E+06 261 425 1045 950 3.6 0.5
ISO 4-Methyl-1-hexene 7.2808E+OI -1.0546E+04 -8.3730E+OO 2.1754E-06 -2.3051E+05 237 390 1000 961 2.0 0.4
151 2-Ethyl-1-pcntene -2.9096E+02 3.2876E+04 3.9967E+Ot -6.1438E-06 -5.654 1E+06 302 450 1070 977 1.7 0.5
152 3-Ethyl-l·penlene 7.5261E+OI -1.1256E+04 -8.6226E+OO 2.03296-06 -6.4080E+04 262 410 1050 954 2.0 0.5
153 2.3,3-Trimethyl-1-botcne 2.3694E+OI -5.0213E+03 -1.7982E+OO 8.9348E-07 -7.2713E-+05 294 415 1050 956 0.0 0.0
154 1-0ctenc 3.5672E+01 -6.7861E-+03 -3.3698E+00 1.1012E-06 -9.3687E+05 309 450 1125 1020 1.9 0.1
155 trcms-2-0ctene 5.1461E+02 -6.7255E+04 -6.6525E+OI 1.0720E--0 5 7.0877E+06 334 520 1140 1039 3.7 0.4
!56 trtms-3-0ctene 3.1329E+02 -4.1937E+04 -3.9971E+OI 6.66186-06 3.7661E+06 294 485 1135 1033 2.2 0.7
157 tram-4-0ctene -1.39S4E+OI -8.SS91E+OI 3.0969E+OO 2.1541E...()7 -1.8673E+06 323 485 1135 1031 2.7 0.4
158 2-Ethyl-l-hexenc 8.4816E+OI -1.2155E+04 -1.0022E+OI 2.6694E--06 -2.6204E+05 515 1135 1033 1.6 0.7
159 2.4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene 1.4372E+00 -3.0957E+03 1.2587E+00 1.2439E-08 -1.0744E+06 323 460 1095 995 5.1 0.3
160 2.4.4-Trimcthyl-2-pentene -4.8449E+0 I 2.6463E+03 7.9609E+OO -1.4070E-06 -1.8654E.+06 300 475 1105 1004 0.3 0.0
161 1-Nonenc 2.8668E+01 -6.1469E+03 -2.4234E+OO 8.2776E--07 -1.2924E+06 345 425 1175 1068 0.0 0.0
162 1-Decenc 5.8278E+01 -9.7125E+03 -6.3613E+OO 1.44146-06 -1.1720E+06 372 440 1220 II II 2.5 0.2
163 1-Undece ne -3.8531E+OI 4.399SE+03 6.1206E+OO 5.0017E...()8 -3.7023E+06 403 SIS 1260 1148 1.4 0.2
164 1-Dodecene 5.3618E+01 -8.6285E+03 -5.8273E+OO 1.4304E--06 -2.0671 E.+06 428 500 1285 1183 2.5 02
165 1-Tridccene 7.5610E+02 -1.0864E+05 -9.6850E+01 1.2341E-05 1.2940E+07 450 560 1215 1215 2.2 0.3
166 1-Tetradecene -t.1292E+Ot -2.5951E+02 2.7062E+OO 8.6684E...() 8 -3.8832E+06 469 580 1370 1246 2.7 0.2
167 1-Pentadcccne -2.1392E+OI 1.3425E+03 4.0036E+OO -9.6243E-08 -4.5238E+06 485 690 1385 1274 1.2 0.1
168 1-Hexadecene 6.SS63E+02 -1.0294E+05 -8.2708E+OI 8.6110E-06 1.2658E.+07 500 590 1385 1300 2.2 0.3
169 1-Hepcadecenc 3.41S8E+02 -4.9875E+04 -4.3021E+O I 5.3198E-06 2.4452E+06 512 700 1440 132S 4.6 1.1
170 1-0ctadeccne -6.7481 E+02 1.0692E+05 8.7131E+OI -7.7180E--06 -2.4308E+07 523 630 1346 1346 4.5 0.3
171 I-Nonadecenc -1.2373E+02 1.9652E+04 1.6837E+OI -1.0657 E--06 -9.5428E+06 534 750 1500 1368 0.0 0.0
172 1-Eicosene 1.0046E+02 -1.6767E+04 -1.1651E+OI 1.4612E...()6 -3.3776E+06 543 720 1440 1388 0.5 0.1
173 Cyclopentene 5.1199E+01 -7.7606E+03 -5.4969E+OO 1.8863E-06 -2.1217E+OS 249 300 1000 913 0.1 0.0
174 Cyclohexene 1.3765E+OI -4.0382E+03 -4.4456E-OI 6.2202E...()7 -8.8825E+05 305 360 1110 1009 0.2 0.0
175 Cyclohcptenc -2.0534E+02 1.8714E+04 2.9159E+OI -5.4123E-06 -3.4466E+06 391 415 1150 1076 3.0 0.2
176 Cyclooctenc -7.1036E+02 8.3655E+04 9.5371E+OI -1.4284E-05 -1.2310E+07 385 485 1138 1138 3.5 0.6

DJOLEFINS AND ACETYLENES

177 Cyclopentadiene 1.3009E+OI -5.8344E+03 0 0 0 339 485 913 913
178 1,3·Butadiene S.4800E+01 -6.9074E+03 -6.1491E+OO 2.8746E-06 -1.1478E+05 296 296 840 765 4.1 0.7
179 Isoprene 2.4493E+OI -5.4640E+03 -1.7274E+OO 3.2614E-07 -3.4081E+05 229 280 960 871 0.3 0.1
180 3-Methyl- t ,2-butadicnc 3.8924E+01 -7.1018E+03 -3.6571E+OO 7.0194E-07 -2.2982G+05 287 320 970 882 0.4 0.1
181 1.2-Pentadiene 2.7552E+01 -6.1271E+03 -2.0689E+OO 8.1259E-08 -3.4386E+OS 24S 290 990 900 0.4 0.1
182 cis-1,3-Pentadiene 3.0552E+OI -6.4927E+03 -2.46S2E+OO 1.1738E-07 -2.8797E+05 238 310 990 898 1.1 0.1
183 IrlltiS·I,3-Pentadiene 1.0455E+01 -4.596SE+03 3.0418E-01 -7.1449E...() 7 -4.3895E+OS 334 334 990 900 0.1 0.0
184 1,4-Pentadiene -2.2440E+OI -8.9438E+02 4.7644E+00 -1.8951E-06 -7.6044E+05 225 300 950 862 0.1 0.0
ISS 2,3-Pentadienc 5.2518E+OI -8.4935E+03 -5.5160E+00 1.2173E-06 -1.5813E+05 266 320 985 895 0.3 0.0
186 1.3-Cyclohe"adie•\C 7.7919E+01 -1.1612E+04 -8.9729E+00 2.05776-06 4.5362E+04 290 340 1105 1004 2.9 0.2
187 2.3- Dimethyl- 1.3-btHadiel'le 5.0477E+01 -8.6258E+03 -5.2431 E+OO 1.1458E...()6 -2.0312E+05 355 355 1040 947 0.9 0.1
188 [Link] -4.7748E+OI 4.6466E+03 7.5104E+00 -6.6340E-08 -1.9113E+06 238 390 1005 913 0.4 0.0
189 trall.r,tmn.r-2,4-Hexadiene 1.7644E+02 -2.319SE+04 -2.2111E+01 4.5170E-06 1.4376E+06 411 48S 1060 963 1.8 0.2
190 1,5-Cyclooctadiene 1.0039E+02 -1.0669E+04 -1.2523E+01 3.43286-06 -1.5056E+06 367 530 1275 1161 0.1 0.0
191 Acetylene -2.1783E+OI -7.2296E+OI 4.7923E+OO -I.SI96E-06 -3.5081E+05 346 346 610 555 2.5 0.4
192 Methylncctylcne -2.9216E+OI 1.4637E+03 5.4266E+OO -2.3842E-07 -9.0124E+05 307 307 780 724 2.4 0.6
193 Oimethylacetylenc 3.1080E+01 -5.6888E+03 -2.6926E+OO 1.1461E-06 -3.6593E+05 434 434 935 852 1.0 0.1
194 3-Mcthyl·l·butyne 1.8034E+02 -1.9023E+04 -2.3463E+OI 7.9515E-06 8.1725E+05 330 400 915 834 3.3 0.5
195 1-Pentyne 6.6000E+01 -7.1490E+03 -8.0047E+OO 4.9909E--06 -4.8217E+05 301 400 866 866 3.2 0.4
196 1-Hexyne 3.5369E+02 -4.1129E+04 -4.6241E+OI 1.0443E-OS 3.3180E+06 254 400 1020 929 5.1 0.9
197 2-He•yne -1.8608E+OI -3.5564E+02 3.9321E+OO -4.8475E...()7 -1.4014E+06 331 400 1085 988 1.8 0.3
198 [Link] -2.2432E+OI -1.3006E+03 4.6763E+OO -1. 16096-06 -t.0475E+06 306 400 1075 979 3.8 0.7

AROMATICS
199 Benzene 6.1987E+OI -9.5276E+03 -6.8729E+OO 1.7690E-06 -2.6942E+05 502 502 1110 1012 1.6 0.3
200 Toluene 7.9179E+Ot -1.2541E+04 -9.0609E+OO 1.89116-06 -2.4490E+OI 321 440 1125 1065 3.0 0.3
201 Ethylbtnzenc 8.8275E+OI -1.4406E+04 -1.0180E+OI 1.8286E--06 9.9386E+04 321 425 1200 II II 0.8 0.1
202 m-Xylcne 9.2449E+OI -1.5084E+04 -1.0716E+OI 1.9216E-06 1.8459E+05 406 450 1220 IIII 3.7 0.2
203 o-Xylene 7.4341E+01 -1.2661E+04 -8.3543E+OO 1.5845E-06 -2.1492E+05 446 446 1245 1135 2.2 0.3
204 p-Xylene 1.0073E+02 -1.5935E+04 -1.1840E+01 2.1494E-06 2.8395E+05 516 516 1220 1109 7.6 0.4
205 [Link] 1.0930E+02 -1.7478E+04 -1.2917E+01 2.14226-06 3.2754E+05 312 425 1200 1149 5.5 0.4
206 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 2.5635E+01 -6.47S4E+03 -1.9801E+OO 7.0513E-07 -1.4022E+06 446 515 1315 1196 0.2 0.0
207 I .2.4-Trimethylbenzene 4.9075E+OI -9.7805E+03 -[Link]+OO 1.0618E-06 -8.2929E+05 413 500 1285 1168 8.4 0.6
208 m-Ethyholuene -5.3727E+O I 3.1001E+03 8.5867E+OO -1.20026-06 -2.4581E+06 320 470 1260 1147 0.3 0.0
209 o-Ethylloluene -6.4313E+01 4.5408E+03 9.9613E+OO -1.3794E-06 -2.7048E+06 346 475 1290 1172 0.3 0.0
210 p-Ethyholuene 1.7605E+02 -2.6318E+04 -2.1658E+Ol 3.3576E--06 1.5292E+06 379 515 1265 1152 16.6 1.1
211 n-Butylbenzene 5.7955E+OI -1.0520E+04 -6.23728+00 1.2674E--06 -9.85318+05 334 420 1285 1189 8.0 0.7
212 Isobutyl benzene 8.6630E+01 -1.3918E+04 -1.0057E+OI 1.96376-06 -3.9224E+05 399 530 1285 1170 0.0 0.0
213 sec-Butylbenzene -[Link]+02 2.5796E+04 2.9108E+OI -3.5519E-06 -6.0236E+06 356 530 1315 1196 1.1 0.2
214 ltrt·Bulylbe:nzene -1.0401E+02 1.0717E+04 1.50251!+01 -1.88366-06 -3.7613E+06 387 530 1305 1188 0.4 0.0
215 m-Diethylbenzcne -2.7331E+OI 3.5372E+02 5.0066E+OO -4.7443E-07 -2.45678+06 341 530 1310 1193 1.3 0.1
216 o-Diethylbenzene -3.0283E+0I 7.5753E+02 S.3867E+OO -5.2878E-07 -2.5316E+06 435 560 1320 1202 0.1 0.0
217 p�Diethylbenzene 4.7689E+OI -9.3006E+03 -4.8767E+00 1.0649E-06 -1.1367E+06 415 530 1300 1184 0.0 0.0
218 m-Cymene 2.0183E+02 -3.1084E+04 -2.4843E+OI 3.3305E-06 2.2729E+06 377 530 1300 1183 2.7 0.6
219 o-Cymene 2.S931E+02 -4.0364E+04 -3.2146E+OI 3.93666-06 3.8537E+06 363 530 1310 1192 2.9 0.6
220 p-Cymenc -3.5369E+01 t.4886E+03 6.0257E+OO -5.1235E...()7 -2.49438+06 369 460 1290 1176 7.6 1.4
221 2-Eihyl-m-xylene 1.2303E+02 -2.0068E+04 -1.4626E+OI 2.1723E-06 4.0666E+05 462 500 1325 1208 0.5 0.1
222 2-Ethyl-p-xylene 2.9676E+02 -4.4962E+04 -3.7098E+OI 4.7548E-06 4.2669E+06 395 530 1310 1193 3.6 0.8
223 3-Ethyl-c·•ylcnc -3.9455E+01 1.7522E+03 6.5988E+OO -6.7995E-07 -2.7568E+06 403 500 134S 1224 0.2 0.1
224 4-Eihyl-m-xylene 2.4789E+02 -3.8952E+04 -3.0650E+OI 3.8091E-06 3.5170E+06 378 470 1315 1197 6.3 0.7
225 4-Ethyl-o-xylene 1.3327E+02 -2.1586E+04 -1.5947E+OI 2.3447E--06 6.5677E+05 371 470 1320 1201 0.1 0.1
226 [Link] -2.9799E+01 6.8722E+02 5.2938E+00 -3.2605E-07 -2.4775E+06 340 475 1300 1179 8.0 0.8

A , B,C.D,E = Correlalion coefficients T, = Critical temperalurc,+R

TPT Triple poinatemperalurc,+R MAX%ERR = Maximum %error in vapor pressure for experimental data set
Tmin Minimum temperature for c:orrelation,+R AVE%ERR = Average%error in vapor pressure for all experimental data
T,.., Maximum temperature for correlation: R poi nts used in regression

5-8 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.2 (Continued)

(1994)

MAX% AVE%
COMPOUND NAME A B c D E TPT Tmin Tn1u ERR ERR
Tc

227 [Link]�Tetramethylbenune 7.1404E+01 -1.3163E+04 -7.8927E+00 1.3286E� -6.7016E+05 449 515 1345 1222 9.6 0.4
228 1,2,4,5-Tetrarnethylbenzene 9.2028E+OI -1.5886E+04 -1.0592E+01 1.70558-06 -2.7704E+05 634 634 1335 1215 0.2 0.0
229 fi-Pcntylbenzene 5.9796E+OI -1.0507E+04 -6.5266E+OO 1.34808-06 -1.33748+06 357 560 1345 1224 1.8 0.2
230 11-Hexylbenzenc 1.0156E+01 -3.3984E+03 -1.1324�1 5.9445�7 -2.7424E+06 382 600 1380 1256 1.8 0.2
231 m-Diisopropylbcnzene -3.2576E+OO -5.3558E+03 2.1799E+OO -6.9405E-07 -1.4833E+06 378 450 1355 1231 0.5 0.1
232 p-Diisopropylbenzene 6.1845E+02 -9.2604E+04 -7.8451E+OI 8.77908-06 1.1382E,..07 461 580 1365 1240 3.7 0.8
233 n-Heptylbenzene 1.9594E+02 -3.1177E+04 -2.4005E+OI 3.07878-06 1.4098E+06 405 640 1385 1285 2.0 0.2
234 n·Octylbenzene 4.7696E+02 -7.0777E+04 -6.0463E+OI 7.49488-06 7.04618+06 427 560 1312 1312 7.4 0.7
235 Styrene -1.6555E+OO -2.54578+03 1.5959E+00 1.8197�7 -1.6733E+06 437 437 1260 1145 0.2 0.0
236 alpha-Methylstyrene 1.0975E+03 -1.4791E+05 -1.4246E+02 2.1009�5 1.8637E+07 450 530 1295 1177 8.3 1.6
237 m-Methylstyrene -2.1703E+03 2.5248E+05 2.9086E+02 -5.4092E-05 -3.34468+07 336 515 1183 1183 1.7 0.4
238 o-Methylstyrene -2.7461E+02 2.8475E+04 3.81348+01 -6.87228-06 -5.61638.+06 368 500 1305 1186 0.4 0.1
239 p-Methylstyrene 8.7244E+OI -1.5193E+04 -9.9434E+OO 1.5044E-06 -6.2113E+04 430 530 1200 1197 1.1 0.3
240 n-Nonylbentene 3.7849E+02 -5.8980E+04 -4.7432E+01 5.48288-06 5.3461E+06 448 560 1440 1334 1.7 0.3
241 n-Decylbenzene 3.51738-01 -1.9389E+03 1.1753E+OO 2.3903�7 -4.4175E+06 466 600 1490 1355 0.1 0.0
242 [Link] 1.1213E+02 -2.3702E+04 -1.2607E+OI 8.3827�7 -1.7541E+05 482 690 1500 1375 1.2 0.2
243 [Link] 2.1147E+02 -3.80978+04 -2.54838+01 2.49958-06 1.8263E+06 497 600 1530 1394 10.5 1.7
244 tr-Tridecylbentenc 4.4541E+02 -7.3142E+04 -5.5467E+OI 5.32728-06 6.8857E+06 510 750 1550 1409 2.0 0.4
245 Cumene 3.5939E-OI -3.0770E+03 1.3672E+OO 7.63588-08 -1.6308E+06 319 410 1250 1136 3.9 0.2
246 Mesitylene 2.5101E+OI -6.2916E+03 -1.9092E+OO 7.3647�7 -1.3395E+06 411 515 1260 1147 0.6 0.2
247 Ethynylt?enzene 1.3790E+01 -8.3131E+03 0 0 0 411 558 1170 1170
248 [Link] -1.1679E+02 8.4411E+03 1.7160E+OI -2.6842F.,-06 -2.7238E+06 381 530 1330 1208 1.9 0.1
249 [Link] 1.45458+01 -9.6346E+03 0 0 0 439 587 1206 1206
250 m-Oivinylbcnzene 7.6964E+02 -9.7506E+04 -I.0078E+02 1.83718-05 1.02901+
1 07 371 545 1370 1246 7.5 1.6
251 2-Phenylbutene-1 l . 5035E+OI -1.0057E+04 0 0 0 624 1199 1199
252 Cyclohexylbcnzene 6.0591E+02 -9.1917E+04 -7.6632E+O I 8.070tE-06 1.0863E+07 504 510 1470 1339 4.4 0.9
DIAROMATICS AND HYDROCARBON RINGS
253 cis-Decahydronaphthal-ene 5.2792E+OI -9.7044E+03 -5.6255E+00 1.20658-06 -1.1190E+06 414 414 1385 1264 6.7 0.8
254 tmtls-Decahydro-
naphthalene -9.3751E+OI 8.9050E+03 l.3668E+OI -1.62698-06 -3.4603E+06 437 455 1360 1237 8.2 0.6
255 [Link]·Tetrahydro-
naphthalene 1.4086E+01 -5.7527E+03 -3.9853�1 2.6827E-07 -I .6909E+06 427 427 1425 1296 5.6 1.2
256 lndane 1.1487E+02 -1.9191E+04 -1.3535E+Ol l.9911E-06 5.4241E+05 399 560 1355 1233 0.9 0.2
257 lndene 2.0834E+01 -4.4476E+03 -1.5385E+OO 8.8505�7 -2.0178E+06 489 489 1360 1237 0.9 1.8
258 Biphenyl 1.9452E+02 -3.4314E+04 -2.3404E+O I 2.30288-06 2.4115E+06 616 630 1560 1421 11.8 1.7
259 Naphthalene -2.4462£+01 -2. 1250E+02 4.5702E+OO -2.9416 E-07 -2.6466E+06 636 636 1480 1347 10.6 0.7
260 1-Methylnaphthalene 1.5216E+02 -2.797511+04 -1.7999E+OI I .9032E-06 l.6998E+06 437 470 1530 1390 9.0 1.6
261 2·Methylnaphthalene 3.3276E+OI -8.4334E+03 -2.9343E+OO 6.4520�7 -1.7047E+06 554 554 1500 1370 2.6 0.2
262 2.6-Dimethylnaphthalene -5.4115E+01 1.4314E+04 7.044111+00 l . 4163E� -7 .3976E+06 690 690 1540 1399 0.1 0.0
263 2.7-Dimethylnaphthalene 7.0013E+OI -1.4772E+04 -7.5713E+OO 9.9456�7 -8.5093£+05 664 664 1540 1400 11.7 1.2
264 I·Ethylnaphthalene 3.6830E+OI -9.9996E+03 -3.2399E+OO 3.609011-07 -1.6319E+06 467 580 1535 1397 10.9 0.5
265 I-11-Butylnaphthalene 1.5741E+01 -1.3219E+04 0 0 0 456 696 1426 1426
266 Anthracene -3.6757E+02 6.3213E+04 4.7152E+01 -2.70388-06 -1.7186E+07 880 885 1730 1571 5.6 0.5
267 Phenanthrene 2.6281E+02 -4.7316E+04 -3.2012E+Ol 2.9491E-06 4.1851E+06 670 670 1720 1565 0.9 0.2
268 Pyrene -3.6368E+O I 1.4079E+03 5.8834E+OO -1.3642�7 -5.2642E+06 763 763 1850 1685 1.3 0.5
269 Chrysene 2.9931E+02 -6.5780E+04 -3.5427E+OI 1.9395E-06 8.1802E+06 956 956 1762 1762 0.3 0.1
270 Aeenaphthene -5.7592E+OI 2.5840E+03 8.9947E+OO -9.0751�7 -3.4254E+06 660 660 1590 1446 0.1 0.0
271 Fluorene 7.3631E+02 -1.2307E+05 -9.2447E+Ol 9.2571E-06 1.8478E+07 698 765 1200 1566 1.9 0.4
272 Bicyclohe•yl 4.1288E+02 -6.3964E+04 -5. 1859E+O I 5.83338-06 7.03031l+06 498 535 1440 1309 0.8 0.3
273 Fluoranthene 1.2980E+02 -2.7058E+04 -1.5111E+OI 1.6081E� 6.4537E+05 690 690 1790 1629 0.6 0.2
274 cis-Stilbene 4.4801E+02 -7.0751E+04 -5.6152E+Ol 5.8022E-06 7.5281E+06 496 640 1550 1411 9.9 5.0
275 1.1-Diphenylethane -3.8636E+02 5.4491E+04 5.0940E+Ol -4.7364E� -1.2377E+07 459 640 1395 1395 1.3 0.4
276 1,2-Diphenylethane -1.9555E+02 2.1198E+04 2.7021E+01 -3.15928-06 -6.2984E+06 584 600 1404 1404 1.3 0.2
277 m·Terphenyl 1.784311+02 -3.7234E+04 -2.0875E+O I 1.55108-06 1.9698E+06 648 648 1830 1665 0.6 0.1
278 o·Terphenyl 4.3879E+02 -8.08348+04 -5.3736E+01 ..03778-06
4 1.0677£+07 593 710 1760 1604 0.2 0.8
AROMATIC A MINES
279 Pyridine 4.6438E+Ol -8.8989E+03 -4.6438E+OO 1.00928-06 -5.3724E+05 417 425 1200 1116 1.5 0.2
280 Jsoquinoline -2.8891E+OI -4.4146E+02 5.2051E+OO -3.7166E-07 -2.7598E+06 539 539 1565 1446 0.7 0.2
281 Quinoline -5.3503E+OI 5.4848E+03 8.1295E+OO -3.5963�7 -4.17938+06 465 545 1500 1408 0.5 0.2
282 Dibenzopyrrole -1.2548E+03 2.4043E+05 l.5662E+02 -8.72558-06 -5.7646E+07 932 932 1780 1618 3.8 0.8
283 Acridine 3.3960E+01 -1.3307E+04 -2.5771E+OO -4.8322E-08 -1.4544E+06 690 690 1629 1629 22.4 2.2
OTHER AMINES
284 Indole 3.0407E+02 -4.86848+04 -3.7600E+OI 3.7960E-06 3.8898E+06 493 505 1565 1422 11.7 1.6
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
285 Thiophene 4.5017E+OI -7.5427E+03 -4.6098E+OO l.3661E-06 -5.6175E+05 423 423 1125 1043 8.5 0.9
286 Tetrahydrothiophcne -9. 1578E+OO -2.3512E+03 2.7316E+00 -3.1228E-07 -1.3177E+06 319 425 1250 1138 2.1 0.1
287 Methyl mercaptan 9.4479E+01 -l.0061E+04 -l .l680E+OI 4.47158-06 -6.4479E+04 270 325 930 846 14.6 3.1
288 Carbonyl sulfide -4.1386E+0 I l.9196E+03 7.2808E+OO -1.49568-06 -6.6358E+05 242 242 750 682 7.3 1.5
289 Ethyl mercaptan 1.0346E+02 -1.3387E+04 -1.2516E+OI 3.34048-06 4.3498E+05 225 345 990 898 6.3 0.4
OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS
290 Methanol 7.5938E+OI -1.2791E+04 -8.3164E+OO 1.86448-06 l.5234E+05 316 316 1015 923 5.9 0.7
291 Ethanol 1.4653E+02 -2.2041E+04 -l.7506E+Ol 2.7145E� l.l 282E+06 286 350 1015 925 4.9 0.5
292 Isopropanol 3.6628E+OI -9.9305E+03 -2.6438E+OO -8.8636E-07 -3.9992E+05 334 334 1005 915 8.5 1.6
293 2·Methyl·2·propanol l.0616E+03 -1.2218E+05 -1.4068E+02 2.7963�5 1.2121E+07 538 538 1000 911 11.5 1.4
294 Methyltert-butyl ether 1.1704E+02 -I.5083E+04 -1.4339E+Ol 3.54698-06 5.0444E+05 296 310 985 895 8.4 1.3
295 ten-Butyl ethylether 9.15661l+01 -1.2SSSE.+04 -i.08291l+01 2.6472&-06 1.7640E+05 322 322 1015 925 8.0 4.6
296 Diisopropyl ether 9.8330E+OI -1.2567E+04 -1.1937E+OI 3.4765E� 5.0529E+04 338 338 990 900 23.5 2.7
291 Methyl Ut1-pentyl ether 1.0204E+02 -1.4571E+04 -1.217311+01 2.6056E� 3.5891E+05 285 1060 961 1.6 0.4
----

A.B,C,D.E = Correlation coefficients Tc o:: Critical tcmpera1Urc.0R

TPT Triple pointtemperaturc.0R MAX % ERR = Maximum%error in vapor pressure for experimentaldata set
Tmin Minimum temperarure for correlation,0 R AVE%ERR = Average %error in vapor pressure for all experimental data
Tmax Maximum temperature for correlation,0R points used in regression

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5-9
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Procedure 5A1.3 – Alternate Calculating Procedure for the Vapor Pressures of Pure Compounds
(1994)

Discussion
The following alternative equation is recommended for calculating the vapor pressure of any pure compound
over the temperature range specified for the compound. This equation should be used, where applicable, when an
exact match at the critical point is desired.

ln Pr  aX1  bX 2  cX 3  dX 4 (5A1.3-1)

Where:
( 1  Tr )
X1  (5A1.3-2)
Tr

( 1  Tr )1.5
X2  (5A1.3-3)
Tr

( 1  Tr )2.6
X3  (5A1.3-4)
Tr

( 1  Tr )5
X4  (5A1.3-5)
Tr

Tr = T/Tc = reduced temperature

Pr = P/Pc = reduced pressure
Tc = critical temperature in degrees Rankine
Pc = critical pressure in psia
T = temperature in degrees Rankine
P = vapor pressure of compound in psia

Table 5A1.4 gives the coefficients for the above equation together with the applicable temperature range and the
maximum and average percent errors from the comparison with the experimental data carried out during regressions.
Compounds shown without coefficients had insufficient data to use this method.

Procedure
Step 1: Obtain the critical temperature and pressure of the compound from The Pure Component Properties
program.
Step 2: Calculate the reduced temperature at the desired conditions using the definitions above.
Step 3: Use the coefficients in Table 5A1.4 in equations (5A1.3-1) through (5A1.3-5) to calculate the
reduced vapor pressure within the range specified. Vapor pressure is calculated by multiplying the
reduced vapor pressure by the critical pressure.

5 - 10 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5A1.3

(1994)

Purpose
This alternate procedure is to be used to calculate the vapor pressure of specific compounds as a function of
temperature.

Limitations
This procedure is valid over the temperature limits listed in Table 5A1.4. The procedure will exactly match the
critical temperature and pressure used in the equation. However, the equation cannot be extrapolated to
temperatures above the critical point.

Special Comments
The vapor pressures calculated by this procedure in the experimental data range are generally consistent with
the vapor pressure plots for common compounds of Figures 5A1.5 through 5A1.15.
Errors given in the correlation coefficient tables should be noted when using this procedure.
The triple point temperature and critical temperature listed in Table 5A1.4 are taken from the 1992 version of
the The Pure Component Properties program database. Therefore, slight discrepancies may be found for some
compounds.

Literature Sources
Procedure 5A1.3 is a linearized form of the Wagner (341) method developed by Shen-Tu (294). It has been
tested by the project staff at the Pennsylvania State University and evaluated by the API Technical Data Committee.

Example
Determine the vapor pressure of n-octane at a temperature of 100 °F.
The necessary parameters are obtained from Table 5A1.4 for n-octane (compound number 36).

a = –8.0092
b = 1.8442
c = –3.2907
d = –3.5457

From The Pure Component Properties program, Tc = 563.99 °F. The reduced temperature is
T 559.7  R
Tr    0.5467
Tc 1023.66  R
Using equations (5A1.3-2) through (5A1.3-5)

X1 = 0.8295
X2 = 0.5585
X3 = 0.2340
X4 = 0.03505

Using equation (5A1.3-1)

ln Pr = –6.5079
Pr = 0.001492

From The Pure Component Properties program, the critical pressure is 361.2 psia. Therefore, the predicted
vapor pressure is

P = 0.001492 × 361.2psi = 0.5389 psia

The experimental value listed in The Pure Component Properties program is 0.5373 psia.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 11
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.4 – Coefficients for Procedure 5A1.3

(1994)

5 - 12 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.4 (Continued)

(1994)

MAX% AVE%
C O M P O U N D !'lAME d TPT Tmin T...., Tc ERR ERR

79 n-Tetmdecane -9.5592E+OO 2.6739E+OO - 5.3Z6 lE+OO -7.22l8E+OO 502 665 1246 1246 0.4 O.l
80 n-Pentadecane -9.8836E+OO 2.9809E+OO -5.8999E+OO -7.3690E+OO 510 690 1272 1272 0.2 O.l
81 n ·Hexadecane -I.Ol58E+Ol 3.4349E+OO -7.2350E+00 -4.7220&00 524 530 1297 1297 5.9 0.3
32 n-Heptadecane -8.75l8E+OO -l.2524E+OO 6.3922&-0l -2.l323E+Ol 531 560 1320 1320 4.9 0.7
83 11-0ctadecane -l.l302E+Ol 6.365lE+OO -l.245lE+Ol 2.7902&-0l 542 580 1341 1341 6.6 1.9
84 n-Nonadecane -l.0079E+Ol 2.7305E+OO -7.8556E+OO -5.3836E+OO 550 720 1361 1361 2.8 0.5
85 n-Eic053ne -9.29l2E+OO 7.3641&-0l -8.173 7E+OO -4.5461&-0l 557 635 1381 1381 8.0 1.2
86 n -Tetrac osane -l.4429E+Ol l.2024E+OI -2.1555E+Ol l.l216E+01 583 805 1458 1458 4.0 0.8
87 11-0ctacosane -l.I449E+OI 2.0664E+OO -7.4138E+OO -l.5477E+01 602 750 1517 1517 5.7 1.2

NAPTHENES
88 Cyclopentane -7.2042E+00 2.2227E+00 -2.8579E+OO -l.2980E+OO 323 365 921 921 3.9 0.6
89 Methylcyelopentane -7.1157E+OO l.S063E+OO -2.0252E+OO -2.9670E+OO 235 320 959 959 2.0 0.1
90 Ethyleyclopentane -7 .2608E+OO l.3487E+OO -l.8819E+OO -3.7286E+OO 242 330 1025 102S 1.5 0.1
91 1.1-Dimethyleyclopentane -7.4646E+OO 1.5596E+OO -1.2479E+OO -5.1494E+OO 366 366 985 985 1.2 0.4
92 cis-I,2-0imethylcyclopcntane -7.2375E+OO !.2744E+OO -l.5586E+OO -4.1959E+00 395 450 1017 1017 0.2 0.0
93 tralls-1.2-Dimethylcy clopentane -7.3997E+OO 1.5794E+OO -!.7321E+OO -4.1363E+OO 280 360 996 996 0.3 0.0
94 cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane -3.3344E+OO -8.9599E+OO !.0606E+Ol -1.5107E+OI 251 330 992 992 3.S 1.3
95 trans- I .[Link] -7.S680E+OO 2.0220E+OO -2.2671E+OO -3.5069E+00 251 360 995 995 0.4 0.0
96 n-Propytcyclopentane -6.0536E+00 -l.3961E+OO 2.3330&-01 -5.7723E+OO 280 440 1085 1085 0.1 0.0
97 ls opropylcyclopent3ne -8.1892E+OO 3.3014E+OO -4.2468E+OO -1.3269E+OO 291 414 1067 1067 2.1 0.5
98 [Link] -7.0118E+OO 1.5792E+OO -2.2610E+OO -2.4077E+OO 503 S03 996 996 4.3 0.7
99 Mcthylcyclohexane -7.l204E+OO 1.4340E+OO -l.901SE+OO -3.3273E+OO 264 390 1030 1030 1.2 0.2
100 Ethylcyclohexane -5.9783E +OO -1.2708&00 2.0993E-01 -S.3117E+OO 291 410 1096 1096 0.2 0.0
101 l.I-Dimethylcyelohexane -6.2907E+OO -4.3323E-01 -3.4338&-01 -4.8567E+OO 431 485 1064 1064 0.2 0.0
102 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohcxane -S.9784E+00 -l.0686E+OO -9.1999&-02 -4.8359E+OO 402 470 1091 1091 0.3 0.0
103 trons-1,2-Dimethylcyctohexane -6.2918E+OO -4.6416&-01 -4.3416&-01 -4.4298E+OO 333 440 1073 1073 0.3 0.0
104 cis-1.3-Dimethylcyctohexane -6.1474E +OO -7 .3699E-O I -3.4479E-01 -4.5670E+OO 356 460 1064 1064 0.5 0.0
lOS tmns-1.3-Dimethylcyclohexane -5.9773E +OO -l.OS32E+OO -1.91,25&-01 -4.836SE+00 329 460 1076 1076 1.4 0.1
106 cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane -5.9207E+OO -l.l984E+OO 4.9520&-02 -S.0241E+OO 334 400 1077 1077 0.1 0.0
107 trtm,r.I.4·Dimethylcyclohexane -6.213SE+OO -6.7727&-01 -1.1209E-01 -4.9714E+OO 42S 425 1062 1062 0.3 0.0
108 n-Pr opylcy clohcxane -S.6364E+OO -2.1313E+OO 6.0536E-01 -6.0405E+OO 321 410 II SO II SO 0.4 0.0
109 lsopr opylcyclohexane -7.8041E+OO 2.0024E+00 -2.8297E+OO -3.4032E+OO 331 37S 1129 1129 3.5 0.1
110 n-Butylcyclohexanc -4.9386E+OO -3.9025E+OO 2.0300E+OO -7.8420E+OO 3S7 Sl5 1201 1201 0.2 0.0
Ill n�Decylcyctohexane -9.5188E+OO 2.4189E+OO -4.583SE+OO -7.7062E+00 489 580 13S2 1352 9.2 0.4
112 Cy clohcptane -7.3231E+OO 1.8407E+OO -2.2637E+OO -3.4498E+OO 477 477 1088 1088 0.7 0.1
113 C y c looetanc -7.7603E+OO 2.2756E+OO -2.7048E +OO -3.3449E+OO 518 518 llS2 1152 2.3 0.2
114 I-Methy1-l-ethylcyclopentane -8.6283E+OO 3.8981E+OO -4.4013E+00 -1.6947E+OO 233 330 1048 1048 1.7 0.1

OLEFINS
115 Ethylene -6.3778E+OO 1.3298E+OO -1.1667E+00 -2.0209E+OO 187 187 508 508 8.9 0.6
116 Propylene -6.7920&00 l.7836E+OO -2.04SIE+OO -1.5370E+00 1S8 lS8 658 658 S.2 0.3
117 1-Butene -6.9041E+OO 1.3587E+OO -1.3839&00 -3.7388E+OO 1S8 225 7S6 756 2.4 0.5
118 cis-2-Butenc -5.6603E+00 -2.4078E+OO 4.1414E+OO -1.2357E+01 242 410 784 784 2.7 0.5
li9 tmns-2-Butene -5.8093E+OO -2.3370E+OO 4.3312E+00 -J.l290E+OI 302 440 772 772 2.4 o.s
20 Isobulene -6.9S77E+OO 1.5333E+OO -1.7919E+OO -3.15SSE+OO 239 310 7S2 752 5.9 1.5
121 1-Pcntene -6.6117E+OO 7.2041E-02 2.8003E-04 -5.4313E+OO 194 300 837 837 6.5 0.3
122 ci-
s 2-Pentcne -7.0402E+OO J.0734E+OO -1.39'28E+00 -4.2267E+OO 219 345 855 855 0.1 0.0
123 trans-2-Pentene -7.0624E+OO 1.0993E+OO -1.49'20E+OO -3.5048E+OO 239 330 854 854 0.2 0.0
124 2-Methyl·I-butene -6.2824E+OO -5.3623&-01 1.0768&-0l -5.3009E+OO 244 345 837 837 1.6 0.2
125 2-Methyl-2-butene -6.7729E+OO -5.086SE-02 -7.6497&-02 -4.S105E+OO 2SI 320 848 848 4.8 0.4
126 3-Mclhyl·l·butcne -7.538SE +00 2.4642E+OO -2.7102E+OO -2.1163E+OO 188 280 811 811 0.4 0.0
127 1-Hexene -7.0432E+OO 6.6593&-0l -l.l001E+00 -4.6837E+OO 240 410 907 907 0.1 0.0
128 [Link] -6.1989E+00 -l.l327E+OO [Link]-01 -3.9506E+OO 238 345 923 923 1.8 0.1
129 tmns-2-Hexene -6.32l9E +OO -6.9647&-0l -1.8343E-Ol -S.1S68E+OO 252 37S 923 923 0.3 0.0
130 cis-3-Hexene -7.3370E+OO 1.6018E+OO -2.6743E+OO -2.4128E+OO 244 34S 916 916 1.4 0.2
131 tm�rs-3-Hexene -7.1677E+OO l.l247E+OO -2.27J9E+OO -2.7l12E+OO 288 3SO 916 916 1.9 0.2
132 2-Methyl-1-pentcne -6.1749E+OO -7.7941E-OI -1.0829E-01 -5.1637E+OO 247 375 913 913 0.1 0.0
133 2-Methyl-2-pentcne -5.868SE+OO -1.4501E+OO 1.4690&-01 - 4.8744E+OO 249 330 92S 925 0.1 0.0
134 3-Methyl-1-pentene -8.1907E+OO 3.6301&00 -3.9140E+OO -1.7788E+00 216 300 891 891 1.0 O.l
135 3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene -6.6132E+OO 6.7872&-02 -l.l011E+OO -3.3631 E+OO 249 345 927 927 1.6 0.2
136 4-Methyl·l·pentene -6.7536E+OO 4.9179E-01 -9.6829&-01 -4.0163E+OO 21S 360 893 893 0.3 0.0
137 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene -6.5083E+OO -1.0529&-01 -5.1997E-01 -4.8l99E+00 249 375 898 898 0.3 0.0
138 4-Methyl-rmns-2-pentene -6.37l7E+OO -5.3834&-01 -1.7498&-01 -4.932SE+OO 238 320 902 902 0.0 0.0
139 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene -5.37 11E+OO -2.4854E+OO I.Ol60E+OO -S.4731 E+OO 3S8 42S 943 943 0.2 0.0
140 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene -6.1707E+OO -6.5957E-OI -1.2203E-01 -4.S305E+OO 209 345 900 900 0.2 0.0
141 3,3-Din>cthyl-1-butenc -7.0054E+OO 1.086SE+OO -8.9787&-01 -S.4246E+OO 284 37S 864 864 0.6 0.1
142 2-Ethyl-1-butene -S.I486E+OO -2.9S78E+OO I.Sl72E+OO -S.I585E+OO 2SS 37S 922 922 0.3 0.0
143 1-Hcptcne -7.3881E+OO 9.8515&-01 -1.7886E+OO -4.45SOE+00 278 390 967 967 2.7 0.1
144 cis-2-Heptene -7.7327E+00 2.5399E+00 -4.180\E+OO -4.3S88E-01 29S 360 988 988 3.2 0.3
14S trans-2-Heptene -7.0747E+OO -2.8493E-01 6.669SE-OJ -7.4489E+OO 295 425 977 977 2.7 0.4
146 ds-3-Heptene -6.4089E+OO -1.0834&00 7.S264E-OI -7.4601E+OO 246 410 981 981 2.8 0.5
147 tmtJs-3-Heptene -8.S703E+OO 3.8880E+OO -5.0094E+OO -!.2S93E+OO 246 390 972 972 3.4 o.s
148 2-Methyl-1-hexene -8.9261E+00 S.S300E+OO -8.0614E+OO 3.7861E+OO 307 410 968 968 2.8 0.4
149 3-Methyl-1-hexene -S.6609E+OO -3.3325E +OO 3.8975E+OO -1.1505E+OJ 261 42S 9SO 9SO 3.7 0.5
ISO 4-Methyl-1-hexenc -7.4476E+OO 1.5406E+OO -2.S204E+00 -3.7S26E+00 237 390 961 961 2.1 0.4
lSI 2-Ethyl-1-pentene -5.1 843E+OO -4.9345E+OO 6.8783E+00 -1.6294E+01 302 450 977 977 2.0 0.6
152 3-Ethyl-1-pentene -7.32l3E+00 l.3386E+OO -2.6381E+OO -2.8113E+OO 262 410 954 954 2.0 0.5
153 2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-butene -6.772lE+OO 5.4902&-01 -!.0611E+OO -4.3662E+OO 294 415 956 956 0.2 0.0
154 I�Octenc -7.4840E+OO 6.5826&-01 -1.5963&00 -5.32296+00 309 4SO 1020 1020 1.8 0.1
ISS 1nms·2-0ctene -9.2337E+OO 6.0185E+00 -8.8635E+OO 4.4257E+00 334 334 1039 1039 3.6 0.4

0
a . b. e , d C orrelat i o n c o efficients o
Tc = Criticalremperature, R
TPT Triple poinl temperature, R 0 MAX'ibERR � Maximum %errorin v a p o r pressure for experimental data se1
Tmin Minimum temperature for c orrelation,0R. .AVE % ERR = Average % errorin vapor pressure for all experimental data
T.,,,. Maximum temperature for c orrelation, R
p oints used in regression

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 13
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.4 (Continued)

(1994)

MAX% AV�%
COMPOUND NAME b TPT Tmin Tr'l,.,� T, ERR ERR

156 tratEs-3-0ccene -7.5839E+OO 1.4573E+OO -2.8339E+OO -2.3495E+OO 294 365 1033 1033 2.6 0.7
157 /rcms-4-0clene -6.9197E+OO -4.4603E-OI 2.3423E-OI -8.1553E+OO 323 485 1031 1031 2.7 0.4
158 2-Eihyl-1-hexcnc -8.536 1E+OO 2.8257Et00 -2.6560E+00 -4.4395E+OO 515 1033 1033 1.6 0.7
159 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene -6.4322E+OO -4.4727E-01 -6.2444E-01 -4.6331Et00 323 460 995 995 5.2 0.3
160 2.4.4-Trimethy1-2-pentcne -5.5337E+OO -2.4617E+()() 9.9019E-OI -6.6826Et00 300 475 1004 1004 0.3 0.0
161 1-Nonene -7.5932Et00 5.4163E-OI -1.8725E+OO -5.6752E+OO 345 425 1068 1068 0.1 0.0
162 1-Decene -8.0511E+OO 1.1002E+OO -2.5630E+OO -6.3981EtOO 372 440 II II 1111 2.5 0.2
163 1-Undccenc -7.9898Et00 5.1187E-02 -7.4932E-0 I -1.0880E+Ol 403 515 1148 1148 1.3 0.2
164 1-Dodccene -8.7446E+OO 1.5336E+OO -3.0453E+00 -8.4121Et00 428 500 1183 1183 2.5 0.2
165 1-Tridccene -I. t880E+OI 1.0130E+OI -1.6477Et01 1.2024E+OI 450 560 1215 1215 1.2 0.5
166 1-Tetradecene -9.3064Et00 2.1364E+OO -4.4706E+OO -7.6343E+OO 469 580 1246 1246 2.8 0.2
167 1-Pentadecene -9.9234E+OO 3.5165E+OO -7 .0033E+OO -3.7698E+OO 485 690 1274 1274 0.9 0.1
168 1-Hexadecene -1.2067E+OI 9.3320E+OO -1.6469E+OI 1.1060E+OI 500 590 1300 1300 1.8 0.4
169 1-Heptadecenc -1.0367E+OI 3.4425E+OO -5.6927E+OO -1.2503E+OI 512 698 1325 1325 4.9 1.1
170 1-0ctlldecen e -7.6489E+OO -5.1771E+OO 7.3975E+OO -3.40!0E+OI 523 630 1346 1346 3.2 0.5
171 1-Nonadecenc -1.0665E+OI 3.5702E+00 -7.7410E+OO -6.7841E+OO 534 750 1368 1368 0.2 0.0
172 1-Eicosene -1.0681E+OI 3.1302E+OO -7.1951E+OO -9.0428Et00 543 720 1388 1388 0.6 0.1
173 Cyclopentenc -7.0012E+OO 1.5627E+OO -1.7049E+00 -2.8503E+OO 249 300 913 913 0.3 0.1
174 Cyclohexcne -6.4299Et00 -1.1783E-01 2.0202E-OI -5.4665E+OO 305 360 1009 1009 0.9 0.2
175 Cycloheptene 4.3108E-OI -1.7050E+OI 1.6693Et01 -1.4823E+01 391 455 1076 1076 2.8 2.7
176 Cyclooctene -1.5655E+OI 1.8012E+OI -1.2686E+OI -2.1927E+OO 385 485 1138 1138 2.7 0.7

[Link]'IN� AND ACETYLENES

177 Cyclopentadiene NOT [Link] ABLE
178 1,3-Butadiene -6.8720E+OO 1.3005Et00 -1.3957E+OO -3.2192E+OO 296 296 765 765 4.1 0.7
179 Isoprene -5.6062E+OO -9.7723E--01 -3.3583E-01 -3.1876Et00 229 280 871 871 0.3 0.1
180 3-Mcthyl-1,2-butadienc -5.8803E+OO -5.7620E-OI -1.0669Et00 -2.7695E+OO 287 320 882 882 0.6 0.0
181 1.2-Penladiene -5.1992Et00 -1.6766Et00 -3.2254E-OI -3.2839E+OO 245 245 900 900 0.4 0.1
182 cir-1.3-Pcntadienc -5.2454E+OO -1.4339E+OO -6.8396E--01 -2.8231Et00 238 310 898 898 1.1 0.1
183 trans-1,3-Pentadiene -4.5958E+00 -2.5675E+OO 3.1282E-OI -3.2227Et00 334 334 900 900 0.2 0.0
184 1,4-Pcntadiene -4.0365Et00 -3.5363Et00 1.3981E+OO - 4.4192E+OO 225 '300 862 862 0.4 0.0
185 2,3-Pentadiene -6.2683E+OO -2.4076E--02 -1.6313E+OO -2.7310Et00 266 320 895 895 0.3 0.0
186 1,3-Cyclohexadiene -8.4177E+OO 4.5254E+OO -4.6981 E+OO -1.1653E+OO 290 340 1004 1004 6.8 0.6
187 2,3-Dimethyl-1.3-butadiene -6.3186E+OO 5.2374E-02 -L4003E+OO -2.9240E+00 355 355 947 947 0.9 0.1
188 1,5-Hexadiene -6.6008E+OO -4.0775E-01 1.6305Et00 -9.6753E+OO 238 390 913 913 0.4 0.0
189 tmns,trtms-2.4-Hexadiene -7.5544E+00 2.0044E+OO -2.9647E+OO -2.3653E+OO 411 485 963 963 1.9 0.2
190 1,5-Cyclooc!adiene -9.1295E+OO 4.8970E+OO -3.1453E+OO -1.0016E+01 367 530 1161 1161 0.1 0.0
191 Acetylene -7.3515E+00 2.8334E+OO -4.5075Et00 6.8797E+OO 346 346 555 555 2.4 0.4
192 Methylacetylene -6.8198E+00 6.2814E-OI -8.7575E-02 -6.4802E+OO 307 307 724 724 2.4 0.7
193 Dimethylacetylenc -6.7141 E+OO 4.2405E-01 -9.8214E-OI -3.3768E+OO 434 434 852 852 1.0 0.1
194 3-Methyl-1-butync -1.0962E+Ol 9.9462E+OO -L0571E+OI 4.0170E+OO 330 400 834 834 4.3 0.5
195 1-Pentyne -5.9051E+OO -2.7123E+OO 3.7780Et00 -9.0588E+OO 301 390 866 866 3.2 0.4
196 1-Hexync -1.1230E+01 1.0667E+Ol -1.2715E+Ol 6.9563E+OO 254 410 929 929 5.1 1.0
197 2-Hexyne -5.6510E+OO -1.7686E+OO 8.2944E--OI -6.5244E+OO• 331 450 988 988 1.8 0.3
198 3-Hexyne -5.4448E+OO -2.0711E+OO 4.2961E--01 -3.9197E+OO 306 425 979 979 3.9 0.7
AROMATICS
199 Benune -7.0200E+OO 1.5156E+OO -1.9176Et00 -3.5572E+OO 502 502 1012 1012 1.6 0.3
200 Toluene -7.2827E I 00 1.5031Et00 -2.0743E+00 -3.1867Et00 321 440 1065 1065 3.0 0.3
201 Ethylbenzenc -7 .5640E+OO l . 7919E+OO -2.7040E+OO -2.8513E+OO 321 425 IIII II II 0.8 0.1
202 m-Xylene -7.6212E+OO 1.6059E+OO -2.4451E+OO -3.0594E+OO 406 450 1111 1111 39 0.2
203 o-Xylene -7.5579E+OO 1.5648E+OO -2.1826Et00 -3.7093E+OO 446 446 1135 1135 2.2 0.2
204 p-Xylene -7.6935E+OO 1.8093E+OO -2.5583E+OO -3.0662E+OO 516 516 1109 1109 7.5 0.4
-
205 11-Propylbenzene -8.1015E+OO 2.6607E+OO -3.8585E+00 -2.2594E+OO 312 425 1149 1149 5.4 0.4
206 1.2,3-Trimethylbenzene -7.4913E+OO 6.2868E-Ol -L0417E+OO -5.5342E+OO 446 515 1196 1196 0.2 0.0
207 1.2.4-Trimethylbenzene -7.6149E+OO 8.8278E-01 -1.5684E+OO -4.7733E+OO 413 500 1168 1168 23.7 0.9
208 m-Ethyltoluene -5.9342E+OO -2.2037E+OO 5.9188E-Ol -5.9740E+OO 320 470 1147 1147 0.4 0.0
209 o-Ethyltoluene -5.5289E+OO -2.8119Et00 L2261E+OO -6.4558E+OO 346 475 1172 1172 0.4 0.0
210 p-Ethyltoluene -6.4310E+OO -1.1241 E+OO -L2471E-Ol -5.8434E+OO 379 515 1152 1152 17.0 1.4
211 n-Butylbenzene -7.8413E+OO L3055E+OO -2.1437E+OO -5.3415E+OO 334 420 1189 1189 5.6 0.7
212 lsobutylbenzene -8.4004E+OO 2.6812E+00 -3.1159E+OO -4.2596E+OO 399 515 1170 1170 0.2 0.0
213 sec-Butylbenzene -4.9441E+OO -4.1279E+OO 3.0215E+OO -8.9413Et00 356 530 1196 1196 4.9 0.3
214 tert-Butylbenzene -4.7469E+OO -4.5257E+OO 3.5334E+OO -9.8554E+OO 387 530 1188 1188 0.8 0.1
215 m-Diethylbenzenc -6.3664E+00 -1.5853E+OO 2.4398E-01 -6.9613E+OO 341 530 1193 1193 L3 0.1
216 o-Dicthylbenzene -6.3395Et00 -1.4802Et00 5.6585E-02 -6.6393E+OO 435 560 1202 1202 0.1 0.0
217 p-Diethylbenzene -7.7679E+OO 9.9952E-OI -L8941E+OO -5.4073Et00 415 530 1184 1184 0.1 0.0
218 m-Cymene -8.7809E+OO 4.8080E+OO -7.3692E+00 2.0767E+OO 377 515 1183 1183 2.7 0.6
219 o-Cymene -8.8998Et00 5.3860E+OO -8.7555E+OO 5.3964E+00 363 460 1192 1192 3.1 0.6
220 />-Cymcne -7.5169E+OO 6.5892E-01 -LI893E+OO -6.2957Et00 369 460 1176 1176 7.6 1.4
221 2-Ethyl-m-xylcne -8.3739E+OO 2.5427E+OO -3.76741':+00 -3.2834E+OO 462 500 1208 1208 0.6 0.1
222 2-Ethyl-p-xylcne -9.6717E+OO 6.2146E+OO -9.2875E+OO 4.6701E+OO 395 475 1193 1193 3.4 0.8
223 3-Ethyl-o-xylenc -6.2583E+OO -2.0086E+OO 6.8240E--01 -7.1221E+OO 403 500 1224 1224 0.2 0.1
224 4-Ethyl-m-xylene -8.9146E+OO 4.2073E+OO -6.8716Et00 2.8183E+OO 378 470 1197 1197 6.3 0.7
225 4-Ethyl-o-xylene -7.9716E+OO 1.5168E+OO -2.8418E+OO -3.8267E+OO 371 470 1201 1201 1.6 0.2
22u 5-Ethyl-m-�ylene -u.9990E+OO -1.1790E+OO 6.5061E-01 -7.6435E+OO 340 4, 1179 1179 18.3 1.5
227 1,2.3,5-Tetramethylbenzenc -8.0497Et00 1.4665E+OO -2.5356E+OO -4.5508E+OO 449 500 1222 1222 9.6 0.4
228 1.2.4,5-Tetramelhylbenzene -8.3177E+OO 1.9813E+OO -3.0463E+OO -4.173IE+OO 634 634 1215 1215 0.2 0.0
229 11-Pentylbenzene -8.7573E+OO 3.1808Et00 -4.7169E+OO -2.7442E+OO 357 560 1224 1224 2.8 0.2
230 tt·[Link] -8.0460Et00 6.7918E-01 -1.4190E+OO -8.1068E+OO 382 600 1256 1256 1.8 0.2
231 m·Diisopropylbenzcne -5.4715E+OO -3.3390E+OO 3.6774E--OI -4.7440Et00 378 500 1231 1231 0.6 0.1
232 p-Oiisopl'opylbenzene -1.3754E+01 1.7938Et01 -2.5589E+OI 2.0693E+OI 461 600 1240 1240 3.9 0.7
233 n-Heptylbenzcne -9.1822E+OO 3.1454E+OO -4.8927Et00 -4.5218E+OO 405 640 1285 1285 2.0 0.2

a, b, c. d Correlation coefficients Tc: == Critical temperature,0 R

TPT Tr�p�e point temperature, 0R MAX % ERR Maximum% error in vapor pressure for experimental data set
. =

Tmin Mmnnum temperature for correlatton,0 R AVE%ERR = Average% error in vaporpressure for all experimental data
TmaK Maximum temperature for corrclation,0 R
points used in regression

5 - 14 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.4 (Continued)

(1994)
MAX% AVE%
COMPOUND NAME b d TPT 'Taniu ·[Link] 'I� ERR ERR

234 11-0clylbcn>.enc -1.0776E+OI 7.04821!+00 -1.0593E+OI 1.7304E+OO 427 560 1312 1312 8.0 O.R
235 Styrene -6.3281E+OO -1.2630E+00 9.9196E-OI -7.12821!+00 437 437 1145 1145 0.6 0.1
236 altllw-Methylstyrene -1.1323E+O I 1.2568E+OI -1.9239E+OI 2.0119E+OI 450 530 1177 1177 7.0 1.5
237 m-Methylstyrene -5.6636E+OO -3.8811E+OO 4.2823E+OCI -1.1503E+OI 336 575 1183 1183 2.1 0.4
238 o-Mcthylstyrene -5.5721E+OO -3.44971!+00 2.3418E+00 -7 .4058E+OO 368 500 1186 1186 0.4 0.1
2J9 11-Methylstyrene -7.5520E+OO 1.7146E+00 -3.0985E+001 -2.97251!+00 430 530 1197 1197 1.1 0.3
240 u-Nonylbenzcne -1.1122E+OI 7.0038E+OO -1.0406E+OI 1.1027E+OO 448 560 1334 1334 1.4 0.4
241 u-Decylbcnzene -1.0549E+OI 4.7502£!+00 -7.24241!+001 -4.84691!+00 466 600 1355 1355 0.1 0.0
242 n-Undecylbenzene -1.1895E+OI 8.0001E+00 -1.2700E+01 4.6027E+00 482 690 1375 1375 1.1 0.2
243 11-Dodecylbenzene -1.06651!+01 3.9860£!+00 -7.68551!+00 -1.7721 1!+00 497 600 1187 1394 9.6 1.8
244 11-Tridecylbenzene -1.1995E+OI 6.596811+00 -1.01881!+01 -5.2923£!+00 510 750 1409 1409 2.1 0.4
245 Cumene -7.46551!+00 1.2449E+00 -2.08971!+00 -4.59731!+00 319 410 1116 1136 2.6 0.3
246 Mesitylcne -7.6060E+OO 5.34421!-01 -1.0779E+OO -5.7032E+00 411 515 1147 1147 0.6 0.2
247 Ethynylbenzcne NOT APPLICABLE
248 cis-1-Propenylben>.ene -4.8237£!+00 -5.1208E+OO 3.3915E+OCI -3.8942E+00 381 530 1208 1208 1.9 0.1
249 II'CIII,'[Link] NOT APPLICABLE
250 m·Divinylbcnzcnc -2. 72741!+00 -1.09701!+01 1.0252El+OI -1.111113+01 371 545 1246 1246 7.7 1.6
251 2-Phenylbutene-1 NOT APPLICABLE
252 Cyclohexylhenzene -9.1251 E+OO 5.6604E+OO -9.28921!+00 1.4443E+00 504 510 1339 1339 8.1 1.7

DIAROMATICS AND HYDROCARBON RINGS

253 cis-Decnhydronnphthnlc••e -7.4537E+00 1.3277E+OO -1.2850E+OCI -5.9559E+00 414 414 1264 1264 8.0 2.3
254 tnms-Dccnllytlronaphthalenc -5.3297E+OO -3.0836E+00 2.48711!+00 -8.0759E+00 437 455 1237 1237 8.2 2.2
255 1.2.3,4-Tetrahydrunaphthnlene -7.4138E+00 9.5219E-01 -1.5111E+OCI -4.9487E+OO 427 427 1296 1296 5.8 1.2
256 lndane -7.9473E+00 2.5993E+00 -3.3754E+00 -2.5820E+00 399 560 1233 1233 0.9 0.2
257 lndene -7.3215E+OO 4.32648-01 1.4899E-OI -8.5690E+00 489 489 1237 1237 0.9 1.9
258 Biphenyl -8.5399ll+OO 3.7956E+00 -5.8547E+OO -8.3965E-01 616 630 1421 1421 11.5 1.7
259 Naphihalene -7.6159ll+00 I.R626E+00 -2.6125E+0Cl -3.1447E+00 636 636 1347 1347 17.5 0.8
260 I·Mcthylnaphthnlene -7.4654E+00 1.3322E+00 -3.440 I E+!Kl -8.8543E-OI 437 470 1390 1390 7.1 1.7
261 2-Methylnnpllllmlene -7.6745ll+OO 1.0179E+00 -1.3791E+()(l -5.6038E+OO 554 554 1370 1370 7.8 0.6
262 2,6-Di•nelllylnnphthalene -7.8198E+00 -2.5419E+OO 9.29341!+00 -2.4313ll+OI 690 690 1399 1399 0.1 0.0
263 2,7-Di•nethylnnphlhalcne -7.8916E+OO 1.0662E+00 -1.8808E+00 -4.9046E+00 664 664 1400 1400 11.7 1.2
264 1-Ethylnnphthalcne -6.7968E+00 -5.5457ll-OI -1.2844E+00 -5.4126E+00 467 580 1397 1397 11.1 0.6
265 I-11-Butylnaphthnlene NOT APPLICABLE
266 Anthracene -8.45338+00 1.3409E+IKJ -1.5302E+00 -3.9310E+OO 880 880 1571 1571 5.6 0.5
267 Phenanthrene -1.16628+01 9.2590ll+00 -1.00051!+0II 1.2110ll+OO 670 670 1565 1565 1.0 0.2
268 Pyrene -7.3955E+00 -1.64R2E+00 1.82658+00 -8.9049E+00 763 763 1685 1685 1.3 0.5
269 Chrysene -9.2117E+00 2.7463E+OO -6.1751E+00 -1.6216ll+00 956 956 1762 1762 0.3 0.1
270 Accnnphtl1cnc -5.8667E+OO -3.20151l+00 1.6783ll+()() -5.8469ll+OO 660 660 1446 1446 0.1 0.0
271 Pluorcnc -2.3696E+OO -1.1306E+01 1.0045E+01 -8.1711E+00 698 765 1566 1566 1.7 0.5
272 Bicyclohexyl -1.0960E+OI 9.2231E+00 -1.21638+01 5.7764E+00 498 535 1309 1309 0.9 0.4
273 Fluoranthene -1.0694E+OI 5.0480E+00 -3.8812E+OO -3.2495E+OO 690 690 1629 1629 0.5 0.1
274 cis-Siilbene -1.6355E+OI 2.2016E+01 -2.6080E+O I 1.3526E+OI 496 640 1411 1411 17.2 5.3
275 1,1-Diphenylethnne -6.8373E-OI -1.7889ll+OI 1.9724E+01 -2.5417ll+OI 459 640 1395 1395 1.3 0.4
276 1,2-Diphenylethane 2.1716E+OO -2.2786E+OI 1.9828E+OI -1.8348ll+OI 584 600 1404 1404 1.3 0.2
277 m-Tcq>hcnyl -9.5472E+OO 3.7483E+OO -5.9589E+00 -2.0160E+00 648 648 1665 1665 1.6 0.3
278 o-Tcrphenyl -1.18238+01 1.0865E+OI -1.46198+0'1 7.50K4E+00 593 710 1604 1604 5.7 0.9

AROMATIC AMINES
279 Pyridine -6.9178ll+OO 9.29868-01 -1.5331E+00 -3.6922E+00 417 425 1116 1116 1.5 0.2
280 lsoqni 110linc -6.4830E+00 -7.31698-01 -4.03281!-02 -4.5232E+00 539 539 1446 1446 2.4 0.3
281 Quinoline -6.7884ll+OO -9.7476ll-01 1.5978E+00 -9.3554E+00 465 545 1408 1.9
1408 0.3
282 Dibcnzopyrrole -2.7066E+00 -1.51308+01 2.2936E+01 -4.7490E+OI 932 932 1618 1618 3.4 0.6
283 Acridine -8.8512E+OO 3.4214E+00 -4.84621!+00 -1.8217E+00 690 690 1629 1629 20.2 2.2

OTIIER AMINES
284 Indole -7.49318+00 6.74028-01 -1.3857E+00 -8.99911.l+OO 493 505 1422 1422 9.8 1.8

SULFUR COMPOUNDS
285 Thiophene -6.8088E+00 1.0914E+00 -1.1804ll+00 -4.4000ll+00 423 423 1043 1043 8.4 1.0
286 Telrnhydrothiophenc -6.1636E+00 -4.04001!-01 -9.4974E-02: - 4.4263E+00 319 425 1138 1138 4.1 0.3
287 Methyl mercnplan -6.6009E+00 8.00531!-01 2.1229E-OI -7.4341ll+00 270 325 846 846 8.9 3.1
288 Carbonyl sulfide -6.0631E+OO 1.3742E-02 1.2110E+OCI -5.6358E+00 242 242 682 682 7.2 1.6
289 Ethyl mercaptan -7.4669E+OO 2.9937ll+00 -3.80268+00 -3.8666E-OI 225 300 898 898 6.1 0.4

OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS
290 Mel hanoi -8.64138+00 1.0671E+00 -2.3184E+OCI -1.6780E+00 316 316 923 923 5.9 0.7
291 Elhanol -8.6857E+OO 1.02128+00 -4.96948+00 1.8866£!+00 286 350 925 925 4.9 0.4
292 Isopropanol -7.9087E+00 -6.22638-01 -4.830 I E+OCI 3.82801!-01 334 360 915 915 8.4 1.6
293 2-Methyl-2-propnnol -7.8116E+OO 1.2665E-01 -5.8089E+OCI -1.0038E+OI 538 538 800 911 11.5 1.4
294 Melhyltert-buiyl elher -7 .89258+00 3.3001E+OO -4.93998+001 2.2419E-01 296 310 895 895 8.0 1.3
295 tert-Butyl elhyl ether -6.18868+00 -1.0802E+00 -9.2815E-OI -2.93181!+00 322 322 925 925 8.7 4.8
296 Diisopropyl ether -7.26958+00 4.48871!-01 -9.47468-01 -5.2803ll+OO 338 338 900 900 22.7 2.7
297 Mcihylte,·t-pcnlyl ether -7 .8 502E+OO 2.8081E+00 -4.5318E+Oiil -3.2519E-01 285 961 961 1.3 0.4

n, IJ, C, d CoaTclation coefl'icicnts "

Tc Critical tcmpcrnturc, R
" �

TJYf Trifllc point tcmf>eraturc, R MAX%ERR = Maximum % error in vapor pressure for experimental d:1ta set
Tmin Minimum lcmpcmturc for correlation,"R
AVE % ERR = Average%error in vapor pressure for all experimental data
Tum" Maximum temperature for corrclation."R
points used in regression

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 15
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.5 – Vapor Pressure of Normal Paraffin Hydrocarbons- High Temperature Range
(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.5

VAPOR PRESSURE OF NORMAL

PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS

Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

5 - 16 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.6 – Vapor Pressure of Branched Paraffin Hydrocarbons

(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.6
VAPOR PRESSURE OF
BRANCHED PARAFFIN
HYDROCARBONS
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 17
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.7 – Vapor Pressure of Paraffin Hydrocarbons – Low Temperature Range

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F

FIGURE 5A1.7

VAPOR PRESSURE OF PARAFFIN

HYDROCARBONS

Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

5 - 18 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.8 – Vapor Pressure of Naphthene Hydrocarbons

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F
FIGURE 5A1.8
VAPOR PRESSURE
OF NAPHTHENE
HYDROCARBONS
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 19
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.9 – Vapor Pressure of Olefin Hydrocarbons

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F

FIGURE 5A1.9

VAPOR PRESSURE OF OLEFIN

HYDROCARBONS

Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

5 - 20 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.10 – Vapor Pressure of Diolefin, Cycloolefin, and Acetylene Hydrocarbons

(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.10
VAPOR PRESSURE OF DIOLEFIN,
CYCLOOLEFIN, AND ACETYLENE
HYDROCARBONS
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 21
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.11 – Vapor Pressure of Lighter Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F

FIGURE 5A1.11

VAPOR PRESSURE OF LIGHTER

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS

Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

5 - 22 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.12 – Vapor Pressure of Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F
FIGURE 5A1.12
VAPOR PRESSURE
OF ALKYLBENZENE
HYDROCARBONS
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 23
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.13 - Vapor Pressure of Miscellaneous Aromatic Hydrocarbons

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F
FIGURE 5A1.13
VAPOR PRESSURE OF
MISCELLANEOUS AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

5 - 24 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.14 - Vapor Pressure of Heavy Hydrocarbons

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F

FIGURE 5A1.14

VAPOR PRESSURE OF

HEAVY HYDROCARBONS
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 25
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.15 - Vapor Pressure of Nonhydrocarbons (Ethanol and Ethers)

(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F
FIGURE 5A1.15
VAPOR PRESSURE OF
NONHYDROCARBONS
(ETHANOL AND ETHERS)
Created: February 1994 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

5 - 26 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Figures 5A1.5 through 5A1.15

(1994)

Purpose
Experimental vapor pressure data are presented for selected pure hydrocarbons in Figures 5A1.5 through
5A 1.14.
Reliability
The curves reproduce the experimental data from the various sources to within two percent.
Data Sources
The data sources for every compound listed in Chapter 5 are listed below. These sources were used to generate
Figures 5A1.5 through 5A1.15 and the correlations in Procedures 5A1.1 and 5A1.3.

Oxygen (70, 274, 320, 361, 332) 2,5-Dimethylhexane (318, 220, 354)
Hydrogen (211, 320, 313, 216) 3,3-Dimethylhexane (354)
Water (318, 179, 154, 324, 349) 3,4-Dimethylhexane (318, 220, 354)
Nitrogen dioxide (211, 171, 313, 145, 268) 2-Methylheptane (23, 220, 318)
Nitric oxide (313, 320, 211, 272) 3-Methylheptane (22, 220, 318)
Nitrous oxide (313, 320, 211, 95) 4-Methylheptane (220, 318)
Ammonia (362, 153, 320, 155, 210, 256, 171, 147) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (93, 244, 345, 54, 177, 301,
Chlorine (320, 146, 313) 354, 220, 318)
Hydrogen chloride (320, 171, 155, 210, 350) 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane (220, 318)
Hydrogen sulfide (320, 313, 211, 150, 98) 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane (354, 220, 318)
Carbon monoxide (320, 313, 90, 230, 211, 331, 227) 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane (318, 21, 220)
Carbon dioxide (313, 129, 172, 331) 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane (325, 77)
Sulfur dioxide (313, 331, 211, 320) 3-Ethylhexane (318, 354, 220)
Methane (267) 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane (318, 220, 354)
Ethane (152) 3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane (318, 156, 313, 299)
Propane (101, 259, 73, 159, 270, 279, 280, 205, n-Nonane (86, 138, 354, 318)
104, 185, 326, 264, 151, 318) 2-Methyloctane (318)
n-Butane (247, 339, 47, 265, 160, 134, 187, 318) 3-Methyloctane (318)
Isobutane (55, 61, 75, 224, 293, 327, 92, 101, 278, 4-Methyloctane (318)
170, 344) 2,2-Dimethylheptane (318)
n-Pentane (170, 259, 327, 20, 235, 244, 353, 278, 167, 2,6-Dimethylheptane (318)
102, 186) 3,3-Diethylpentane (318)
Isopentane (287, 296, 354) 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane (318)
Neopentane (45, 56, 22, 61, 346, 221) 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane (319)
n-Hexane (109, 148, 195, 162, 176, 304, 311, 318) 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane (318, 138)
2-Methylpentane (318, 353) 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane (318, 138)
3-Methylpentane (353, 318, 104) 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane (318, 138)
2,2-Dimethylbutane (182, 244, 353, 104) 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane (319, 158)
2,3-Dimethylbutane (353, 176, 318, 104) 3-Ethylheptane (318)
n-Heptane (195, 243, 304, 93, 138, 175, 213, 301, 2,2-Dimethyl-3-ethylpentane (318)
354, 220, 104, 318) 2,4-Dimethyl-3-ethylpentane (318)
2-Methylhexane (169, 220, 318) n-Decane (354, 278, 3)
3-Methylhexane (138, 220 > 318) 2-Methylnonane (318)
2,4-Dimethylpentane (318, 127, 138, 220) 3-Methylnonane (318)
2,2-Dimethylpentane (127, 354, 318) 4-Methylnonane (318)
2,3-Dimethylpentane (318, 127, 138, 19) 5-Methylnonane (318)
3,3-Dimethylpentane (318, 24, 220) 2,2-Dimethyloctane (318, 83)
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane (318, 69, 127, 138, 300, 220) n-Undecane (318, 80)
3-Ethylpentane (318, 138, 300, 220) n-Dodecane (354, 318)
n-Octane (93, 128, 354, 220, 167) n-Tridecane (318, 313)
2,2-Dimethylhexane (318, 354, 220) n-Tetradecane (318, 80)
2,3-Dimethylhexane (318, 220, 354) n-Pentadecane (318, 80)
2,4-Dimethylhexane (318, 220, 354) n-Hexadecane (170, 318, 78)

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 27
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

n-Heptadecane (318) 4-Methyl-l-pentene (318, 81)

n-Octadecane (318, 331, 207) 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene (318)
n-Nonadecane (318) 4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene (318)
n-Eicosane (318, 207) 2,3-Dimethyl-l-butene (318, 81)
n-Tetracosane (233, 25) 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene (318, 51, 81, 288)
n-Octacosane (233, 318, 89, 25) 3,3-Dimethyl-l-butene (318, 122, 51, 299)
Cyclopentane (318, 46, 340) 2-Ethyl-l-butene (318, 81)
Methylcyclopentane (104, 307, 318) 1-Heptene (137, 201, 62, 318)
Ethylcyclopentane (104, 313, 307, 318) cis-2-Heptene (318)
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane (318, 331) trans-2-Heptene (318, 66)
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (138, 318) cis-3-Heptene (318)
trans-l,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (138, 318) trans-3-Heptene (318, 66)
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (318, 328) 2-Methyl-l-hexene (318, 286)
trans-l,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (318) 3-Methyl-l-hexene (318)
n-Propylcyclopentane (318) 4-Methyl-l-hexene (318)
Isopropylcyclopentane (318, 119, 158) 2-Ethyl-l-pentene (318)
Cyclohexane (148, 353, 269, 48, 276, 181) 3-Ethyl-l-pentene (318)
Methylcyclohexane (318, 353, 306, 208) 2,3,3-Trimethyl-l-butene (318, 299)
Ethylcyclohexane (318, 353) 1-Octene (318, 137)
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane (138, 318) trans-2-Octene (318)
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (353, 318) trans-3-Octene (318)
trans-l,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (353, 318) trans-4-Octene (318)
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane (353, 318) 2-Ethyl-l-hexene (318)
trans-l,3-Dimethylcyclohexane (353, 318) 2,4,4-Trimethyl-l-pentene (318, 358, 82)
cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (353, 318) 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene (82, 318)
trans-l,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (353, 318) 1-Nonene (318)
n-Propylcyclohexane (318, 353) 1-Decene (318, 137)
Isopropylcyclohexane (119, 138) 1-Undecene (318)
n-Butylcyclohexane (318) 1-Dodecene (318)
n-Decylcyclohexane (318, 119) 1-Tridecene (318)
1-Methyl-l-ethylcyclopentane (252, 318, 113) 1-Tetradecene (318)
Cycloheptane (318, 131) 1 -Pentadecene (32 1)
Cyclooctane (131, 299, 157, 1) 1-Hexadecene (318)
Ethylene (74, 228, 76, 240, 361, 323) 1-Heptadecene (323, 2, 158, 284)
Propylene (85, 126, 229, 140, 270, 191, 279, 334, 173, 1-Octadecene (318)
323, 299) 1-Nonadecene (323)
1-Butene (164, 224, 57, 44, 61, 191, 279, 310, 170, 1-Eicosene (318)
193, 255, 350) Cyclopentene (331)
cis-2-Butene (61, 291, 134, 335) Cyclohexene (271, 331)
trans-2-Butene (61, 134, 335) Cycloheptene (299, 202, 94, 337)
Isobutene (191, 262, 283) Cyclooctene (94, 202, 135)
1-Pentene (290, 106, 318, 136, 313, 356, 323) Cyclopentadiene (196, 49, 163, 356)
cis-2-Pentene (104, 318, 289) 1,3-Butadiene (61, 192, 143> 161, 164, 232, 262, 292,
trans-2-Pentene (104, 318, 289) 333, 212, 134, 193, 255 , 349)
2-Methyl-l-butene (318, 290, 363) Isoprene (65, 318)
2-Methyl-2-butene (318, 191, 290) 3-Methyl-l,2-butadiene (318, 104, 251, 299)
3-Methyl-l-butene (318, 289) 1,2-Pentadiene (318, 251)
1-Hexene (137, 323) cis-1,3-Pentadiene (318, 251)
cis-2-Hexene (318, 81) trans-l,3-Pentadiene (318, 251)
trans-2-Hexene (318, 81) 1,4-Pentadiene (318)
cis-3-Hexene (318, 118) 2,3-Pentadiene (318, 251, 299, 316)
trans-3-Hexene (318, 118) 1,3-Cyclohexadiene (226, 197, 120, 308)
2-Methyl-l-pentene (318, 81) 2,3-Dimethyl-l,3-butadiene (99, 123)
2-Methyl-2-pentene (318, 81) 1,5-Hexadiene (99, 299, 197)
3-Methyl-l-pentene (318, 118) trans, trans-2,4-Hexadiene (197, 123)
3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene (318, 118) 1,5-Cyclooctadiene (66)

5 - 28 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Acetylene (219, 336, 15, 318) Ethynylbenzene(111,203,266)

Methylacetylene (318, 246, 330) cis-l-Propenylbenzene (319, 222)
Dimethylacetylene (331, 324) trans l-Propenylbenzene (258, 59)
3-Methyl-l-butyne (324) m-Divinylbenzene (313, 114)
1-Pentyne (324) 2-Phenylbutene-1 (277, 242)
1-Hexyne (149, 157, 324) Cyclohexylbenzene (355, 295, 125, 142, 200)
2-Hexyne (324) cis-Decahydronaphthalene (32)
3-Hexyne (324, 275) trans-Decahydronaphthalene(32)
Benzene (60, 312, 364, 360, 6, 322, 7) 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene (28, 178, 355, 239,
Toluene (53, 8, 353, 364, 115, 313, 322) 281, 133, 245)
Ethylbenzene (8, 20, 189, 253, 322, 7) Indane (315, 112, 13, 166)
m-Xylene (263, 138, 175, 8, 322, 7) Indene (31, 72)
o-Xylene (148, 263, 353, 8, 322, 7) Biphenyl (232, 88, 144, 148, 281)
p-Xylene (263, 19, 322, 239, 7, 349) Naphthalene (318, 4, 80, 96, 97, 130, 139, 174, 241,
n-Propylbenzene (136, 353, 322, 199) 343, 27, 107, 27)
Cumene (209, 322, 37) 1-Methylnaphthalene (148, 237, 355, 207, 348)
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (318, 65, 322) 2-Methylnaphthalene (80, 39)
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (148, 165, 318, 65, 322) 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene (250)
Mesitylene (318, 322) 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene (157, 250)
m-Ethyltoluene (318, 328, 322) 1-Ethylnaphthalene (318, 113, 190, 198, 234)
o-Ethyltoluene (318, 328, 322) 1-n-Butylnaphthalene (42, 52)
p-Ethyltoluene (318, 328, 322, 204, 105) Anthracene (33, 320)
n-Butylbenzene (318, 331, 199) Phenanthrene (29, 250)
Isobutylbenzene (318) Pyrene (170, 303, 328, 318)
sec-Butylbenzene (318, 271) Chrysene (170, 108, 30)
tert-Butylbenzene (318, 271) Acenaphthene (34)
m-Diethylbenzene (318, 138) Fluorene (297, 235)
o-Diethylbenzene (318, 138) Bicyclohexyl (271, 347)
p-Diethylbenzene (318) Fluoranthene (34)
m-Cymene (318, 37) cis-Stilbene (110, 71, 68, 100, 63, 316, 84, 352, 272)
o-Cymene (318, 37) 1,1-Diphenylethane (110, 284)
p-Cymene (318, 328, 37) 1,2-Diphenylethane(253)
2-Ethyl-m-xylene (132, 318) m-Terphenyl (116)
2-Ethyl-p-xylene (121, 314, 318) o-Terphenyl (116)
3-Ethyl-o-xylene (318) Pyridine (184, 217, 254, 36)
4-Ethyl-m-xylene (121, 314, 318) Isoquinoline (41)
4-EthyI-o-xylene (121, 318) Quinoline (35)
5-Ethyl-m-xylene (121, 314. 318) Dibenzopyrrole (171, 313, 65, 282, 235)
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene (318, 64, 302) Acridine (313, 26, 309)
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene (318) Indole (40)
n-Pentylbenzene (318) Thiophene (318, 313, 65, 271, 16, 238)
n-Hexylbenzene (318) Tetrahydrothiophene (271, 168, 318, 16)
m-Diisopropylbenzene (113, 223) Methyl mercaptan (318, 212, 313, 316)
p-Diisopropylbenzene (223, 237) Carbonyl sulfide (211, 273, 209, 313, 180)
n-Heptylbenzene (318) Ethyl mercaptan (318, 313, 218, 249, 316)
n-Octylbenzene (318, 3) Methanol (351, 320, 313, 11, 12, 206, 5, 305, 255)
Styrene (67) Ethanol (320, 171, 351, 11, 188, 359, 141, 231,
alpha-Methylstyrene (313, 319, 236, 338, 342, 50) 313, 285, 298)
m-Methylstyrene (91) 2-propanol (11, 328, 351, 65, 183, 320, 317, 14, 9, 272,
o-Methylstyrene (91, 299) 204, 105, 298, 313)
p-Methylstyrene (91) 2-Methyl-2-propanol (14, 11, 320, 351, 313, 298)
n-Nonylbenzene (318, 3) Methyl tert-butyl ether (260, 272, 10, 5, 38, 43, 105,
n-Decylbenzene (318, 79) 255, 349)
n-Undecylbenzene (318) tert-Butyl ethyl ether (117, 124, 261)
n-Dodecylbenzene (318, 105, 3, 248, 214, 329) Diisopropyl ether (184, 271, 313, 10, 117)
n-Tridecylbenzene (318) Methyl tert-pentyl ether (272, 87, 257)

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 29
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Procedure 5A1.16 – Prediction of Vapor Pressures of Pure Hydrocarbons

(1994)

Discussion
The following equation is useful for predicting the vapor pressures of pure hydrocarbons (and narrow-boiling
petroleum fractions) when the critical properties are known or can be estimated. When the critical properties are
not available or cannot be accurately estimated, Procedure 5Al.19 should be used

   
(0) (1)
ln pr*  ln pr*  ω ln pr* at constant Tr (5Al.16-1)

Where:
pr* = reduced vapor pressure p*/pc
p* = vapor pressure in pounds per square inch absolute
pc = critical pressure in pounds per square inch absolute
(ln pr*)(0) and (ln pr*) (1) = correlation terms that are given in equation, tabular and graphical form
 = acentric factor of hydrocarbon
Tr = reduced temperature T/Tc
T = temperature in degrees Rankine
Tc = critical temperature in degrees Rankine
Procedure

Step 1: Obtain the critical temperature and critical pressure from Chapter l or if not available, estimate
values by the procedures of Chapter 4.
Step 2: Calculate the reduced temperature.
Step 3: Obtain the acentric factor of the hydrocarbon from the Pure Component Properties program.
Step 4: Obtain the correlation terms (ln pr)(0) and (ln pr)(l) by either interpolating linearly from Table 5Al.17
or, at a small sacrifice in accuracy, by reading directly from Figure 5A1.18. [Alternately use
equations (5Al.16-2) and (5Al.16-3).]
Step 5: Calculate the reduced vapor pressure by using equation (5A1.16-1). The vapor pressure is obtained
by multiplying the reduced vapor pressure by the critical pressure.

For computer calculations, the correlation terms which are equivalent to Table 5Al.17 are given by the
following equations:

(ln pr*) (0) = 5.92714 – 6.09648/Tr –1.28862 ln Tr + 0.169347Tr6 (5Al.16-2)

(1)
(ln pr*) = 15.2518 –15.6875/Tr –13.4721 ln Tr + 0.43577Tr6 (5Al.16-3)

5 - 30 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5A1.16

(1994)

Purpose
Procedure 5A1.16 is presented as the best method for predicting the vapor pressure of a pure hydrocarbon
which is not treated directly in Procedures 5A1.1 or 5A1.3 or Figures 5A1.5 through 5A1.14. The critical conditions
and acentric factor must be known or estimated. The method can also be applied to narrow-boiling petroleum
fractions. In the absence of critical data, use Procedure 5A1.19.

Limitations
Equation (5A1.16-1) is valid only for nonpolar substances. The method is restricted to reduced temperatures
greater than 0.30 but below the critical point. Care should be taken not to use the equation below the freezing point.

Reliability
Equation (5A1.16-1) reproduces experimental data for pure hydrocarbons to within an average error of 3.5
percent when the critical properties are known. The method is most reliable for reduced temperatures between 0.5
and 0.95. When the critical properties and the acentric factor must be estimated the errors will be larger. The method
has not been tested with petroleum fraction data.

Literature Sources
This procedure is based on the vapor pressure equations of Lee, B.I. and Kesler, M.G., AIChE J., 21 510 (1975).

Example
Predict the vapor pressure of 1-butene at 208.4 °F.
From The Pure Component Properties program, the critical temperature is 295.4 °F and the critical pressure is
583.1 psia. The reduced

208.4  459.7
temperature is  0.885.
295.4  459.7

From The Pure Component Properties program, the acentric factor is 0.1845. By linear interpolation from Table
5A1.17

(ln pr )(0)  0.7232 and  (ln pr )(1)  0.6197

Using equation (5A1.16-1):

ln pr* = – 0.7232 + 0.1845 (– 0.6197) = – 0.8375

pr* = 0.4328
p* = 0.4328(583.1) = 252.37 psia

The experimental value is 250 psia.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 31
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Table 5A1.17 – Correlation Terms for Use in Procedure 5A1.16

(1994)

T, -(In P/)(O;) -(In P/)( 1)

1.00 0.000 0.000
0.98 0.118 0.098
0.96 0.238 0.198
0.94 0.362 0:303
0.92 0.489 0.412

0.90 0.621 0.528

0.88 0.757 0.650
0.86 0.899 0.781
0.84 1.046 0.922
0.82 1.200 1.073

0.80 1.362 1.237

0.78 1.531 1.415
0�76 I. 70S 1.608
0.74 1.896 1.819
0.72 2.093 2.050

0.70 2.303 2.303

0.68 2.525 2.579
0.66 2.761 2.883
0.64 3.012 3.218
0.62 .3.280 3.586

0.60 3.568 3.992

0.58 3.876 4.440
0.56 4.207 4.937
0.54 4.564 5.487
0.52 4.951 6.098

0.50 5.370 6.778

0.48 5.826 7.537
0.46 6.324 8.386
0.44 6.869 9.338
0.42 7.470 10.410

0.40 8.133 11.621

0.38 8.869 12.995
0.36 9.691 14.560
0.34 10.613 16.354
0.32 11.656 18.421

0.30 12.843 20.820

5 - 32 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.18 - Correlation Terms for Use in Procedure 5A1.16

(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.18

CORRELATION TERMS FOR USE

IN PROCEDURE 5A1.16
Created: June 1993 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.
and

REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T r

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 33
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Procedure 5A1.19 – Prediction of Vapor Pressures of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow-Boiling

Petroleum Fractions
(1994)

Discussion
Figures 5A1.20 and 5A1.21 are useful for predicting the vapor pressures of pure hydrocarbons and narrow-
boiling petroleum fractions when the critical properties or the acentric factors are not known and cannot be
estimated. When these properties are available, Procedure 5A1.16 is recommended.

Procedure
Step 1: Obtain the normal boiling point of the hydrocarbon from The Pure Component Properties program
and the Watson K from Chapter 2.
Step 2: Read a vapor pressure from Figure 5A1.20 using tb= t'b, where tb is the normal boiling point and t'b
is the normal boiling point corrected to K = 12 (both in degrees Fahrenheit). For naphthenes,
olefins, acetylenes and low- molecular-weight (<C5) paraffins, it is not generally beneficial to
apply the Watson K-correction, so the procedure is complete. For other hydrocarbons, proceed to
Step 3.
Step 3: Using the vapor pressure from Step 2, obtain a K-correction from Figure 5A1.21. Subtract this Δt
(corrected with f multiplier for superatmospheric pressures) from the true normal boiling point to
get the corrected normal boiling point, t'b.
Step 4: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until the pressure used to estimate the K-correction in Step 3 agrees within
desired limits with the value predicted in Step 2. In each repetition, the t'b from Step 3 is used in
Step 2.

Note: To estimate a normal boiling point from a known vapor pressure, simply determine the t'b from Figure
5A1.20 and add the K-correction from Figure 5A1.21. No trial-and-error approach is necessary.

This procedure may also be used with a digital computer. Figure 5A1.20 was generated from the following
equation:
3000.538 X  6.761560
log p  for X  0.0022( p  2 mm Hg ) (5A1.19-1)
43 X  0.987672
2663.129X  5.994296
log p  for 0.0013  X  0.0022 (2 mm Hg  p  760 mm Hg)
95.76 X  0.972546
(5A1.19-2)
2770.085 X  6.412631
log p  for X  0.0013( p  760 mm Hg ) (5A1.19-3)
36 X  0.989679
Where:
p*= vapor pressure, in mm Hg.
'
Tb '
 0.0002867(Tb )
X  T (5A1.19-4)
'
748.1  0.2145(Tb )
Where:
'
Tb = normal boiling point in degrees Rankine
T = absolute temperature in degrees Rankine

Figure 5A1.21 was generated from the following two equations:

p
T  Tb  Tb'  2.5 f ( K  12) log (5A1.19-5)
760

5 - 34 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Procedure 5A1.19 (Continued)

(1994)

Where:

Tb = normal boiling point degrees Rankine

f = correction factor. For all subatmospheric vapor pressures and for all substances having
normal boiling points greater than 400 °F, f = 1. For substances having normal boiling
points less than 200 °F, f = 0. For superatmospheric vapor pressures of substances having
normal boiling points between 200 °F and 400 °F, f is given by:

Tb  659.7
f  (5A1.19-6)
200

K = Watson characterization factor.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 35
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5A1.19

(1994)

Purpose
Procedure 5A1.19 is presented as an alternate method of predicting the vapor pressure of pure hydrocarbons or
narrow-boiling hydrocarbon mixtures. It should be used for pure hydrocarbons only when Procedure 5A1.16 cannot
be applied because critical properties or acentric factors are not available. The normal boiling point and Watson
characterization factor must be known.

Limitations
This procedure is limited to pure hydrocarbons and narrow-boiling range petroleum fractions, i.e., those having
less than 50 °F differences in a true-boiling point (TBP) distillation. Wide-boiling range fractions must be treated by
the appropriate procedures in Chapter 8.

Reliability
Figures 5A1.20 reproduces experimental data for pure hydrocarbons to within an average error of eight percent
for p* > 1 mm Hg and 30 percent for p* between 10–6 and 1 mm Hg. For p* < 10–6 mm Hg no experimental data are
available and the reliability for the method is unknown. The method is most reliable for vapor pressures near
atmospheric pressure. The method has not been tested with petroleum fraction data.

Literature Sources
Figures 5A1.20a-e and 5A1.21 and equations (5A1.19-4) and (5A1.19.5) were adapted from Maxwell and
Bonnell, Vapor Pressure Charts for Petroleum Engineers, Esso Research and Engineering Company, Linden, N.J.
(1955). Equations (5A1.19-1) through (5A1.19-3) were obtained from Exxon Research and Engineering Company,
Florham Park, N.J. private communication (1977). Figure 5A1.20f is from Beerbower, A. and Zudkevitch,
D.,”Predicting the Evaporation Behavior of Lubricants in Space Environment,” Preprints, Divisions of Petroleum
Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Los Angeles Meeting, 8(2) C-99 (April 1963).

Examples
A. Calculate the vapor pressure of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) at 302 °F.
From The Pure Component Properties program, the boiling point is 405.7 °F, and from Chapter 2, the Watson K
is 9.78.
For the first trial, assume t'b = tb = 405.7. Using this t'b and the desired temperature, 302 °F, the first estimate of
the vapor pressure is read from figure 5A1.20a as 0.20 atm. This vapor pressure (152 mm Hg) and a Watson K of
9.78 are used in Figure 5A1.15 to estimate the Watson K - correction, Δt = 4.0 °F. The t'b for the second trial is tb– (tb
– t'b) = 405.7 – 4.0 = 401.7 °F.
Using the new t'b, the second trial vapor pressure is 0.21 atm (160 mm Hg) from Figure 5A1.20a. From Figure
5A1.15, the new Watson K-correction is 3.9 °F; thus, the third trial t'b is 405.7 – 3.9 = 401.8 °F.
With t'b = 401.8 °F, the estimated vapor pressure for the third trial is read from Figure 5A1.20a as 0.21 atm.
This value is identical with the second trial vapor pressure; thus, the trial-and- error solution is satisfied.

The estimated vapor pressure, 3.1 psia, agrees well with an experimental value of 3.13 psia.

B. A petroleum fraction exhibits the following TBP distillation curve at 10 mm Hg:

Distillation, percent by volume 10 30 50 70 90

Temperature, deg F 350 380 425 500 600

Estimate the average normal boiling point of the 10 to 30 percent portion (the Watson K is 12.5) of the fraction.

The average boiling point at 10 mm Hg is 365 °F. From 5A1.20b, t'b = 628 °F. From figure 5A1.21, tb – t'b =
–2.4 °F. Therefore, the average normal boiling point = t'b + (tb – t'b) = 628 – 2.4= 626 °F.

5 - 36 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.20a - Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Range Petroleum
Fractions
(1994)

See Figure 5A1.20d for this region

TEMPERATURE, °F
See Figure 5A1.20b for this region

FIGURE 5A1.20a (1 of 6)
VAPOR PRESSURE OF PURE
HYDROCARBONS AND
NARROW-BOILING PETROLEUM
FRACTIONS
Created: June 1993 Remastered : 2012

TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

VAPOR PRESSURE, ATMOSPHERE

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON Interna t iona l - All Rights Reserved 5 - 37
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.20b - Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Range Petroleum
Fractions
(1994)
See Figure 5A1.20d for higher temperature

FIGURE 5A1.20b
(2 of 6)
VAPOR PRESSURE

See Figure 5A1.20c for Lower Pressure

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, mm of MERCURY

5 - 38 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.20c - Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Range Petroleum
Fractions
(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.20c
(3 of 6)
VAPOR PRESSURE

See Figure 5A1.20f for Lower Pressure

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, MICRONS (1 MICRON = 0.001mm)

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 39
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.20d - Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Range Petroleum
Fractions
(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.20d
(4 of 6)
VAPOR PRESSURE

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, mm OF MERCURY

5 - 40 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.20e - Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Range Petroleum
Fractions
(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.20e
(5 of 6)
VAPOR PRESSURE

TEMPERATURE, °F

VAPOR PRESSURE, MICRONS (1 MICRON = 0.001mm)

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 41
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.20f - Vapor Pressure of Pure Hydrocarbons and Narrow Boiling Range Petroleum
Fractions
(1994)

TEMPERATURE, °F

FIGURE 5A1.20f
(6 of 6)
VAPOR PRESSURE

5 - 42 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5A1.21 - Watson K - Correction for Procedure 5A1.19

(1994)

FIGURE 5A1.21
WATSON K - CORRECTION
FOR PROCEDURE 5A1.19

Created: June 1993 Remastered : 2012

MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY
TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9
Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

MICRONS
VAPOR PRESSURE
NOTE: Logarithmic Abscissa

BOILING - POINT CORRECTION

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 43
 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

5B Reid Vapor Pressure and True Vapor Pressure

Figure 5B1.1 - True Vapor Pressure of Gasolines and Finished Petroleum Products
(1994)

0.2

0.3
120
0.4

0.5 ASTM 10% SLOPE

110
0.6 3 1
0
4 2
0.8 100
1
1
REID VAPOR PRESSURE, psi 90
2
80
3
TRUE VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

2 4
70

TEMPERATURE,˚F
5

3 60

10
4 50
15
5
40
20
6
30

8
20

10
FIGURE 5B11.1
TRUE VAPOR PRESSURE OF 10
12
GASOLINES AND FINISHED
14 0
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
16 Created: June 1993 Remastered : 2012
18
20 TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9
22 Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

24

5 - 44 © 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Figure 5B1.1

(1994)

Purpose
Figure 5B1.1 is useful for estimating the true vapor pressure (tvp) of a gasoline or a finished petroleum product
at normal storage temperatures. The true vapor pressure of crude oils should be determined using Figure 5B1.2.

Reliability
No estimate of the reliability of this figure is available.

Notation
Slope = slope of the ASTM D 86 distillation curve at ten percent by volume distilled = T15  T5 , in degrees
10
Fahrenheit per percent distilled.

Special Comments
In the absence of distillation data, these approximate values of the ASTM ten percent slope may be used:

Motor gasoline 3 Light naphtha (9 to 14 psi RVP) 3.5

Aviation gasoline 2 Naphtha (2 to 8 psi RVP) 2.5

The following equation can be used instead of Figure 5Bl.1:

tvp  exp [A  B S  C ln(RVP)  D S ln(RVP)  P  RVP

( E  G S  H S ln(RVP)  O  RVP)  T
[ ZI  ZJ S  ZK ln(RVP)  ZL S ln (RVP)
 ZM  RVP  ZN (RVP) 2 ]   1 ]
 
T 
. (5B1.1.-1)
Where:

T = temperature, in degrees Rankine.


F
S = ASTM ten percent slope
% distilled
RVP = Reid vapor pressure in pounds per square inch

A = 21.36512862 ZJ = 2306.00561642
B = –6.7769666 ZK = 1097.68947465
C = –0.93213944 ZL = –463.19014182
D = 1.42680425 ZM = 65.61239475
E = –0.00568374 ZN = 0.13751932
G = 0.00477103 O = 0.00030246
H = –0.00106045 P = –0.29459386
ZI = –10177.78660360

Literature Source
The figure is given in API Bull. 2513: Evaporative Loss in the Petroleum Industry-Causes and Control,
American Petroleum Institute, New York (1959, Reaffirmed 1973). The equations were derived in API Publication
2517: Evaporative Loss from External Floating Roof Tanks" Third edition, 1989.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 45
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Figure 5B1.1 (Continued)

(1994)

Example
Estimate the tvp at 70 °F of naphtha having a ten percent ASTM slope of 3.5 and a Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of 11
psi. Locate the point on the grid of Figure 5B1.1 corresponding to a slope of 3.5 and RVP of 11. A straight line
extended from the 70 °F point on the temperature scale through this grid point intersects the tvp scale at 6.9 psia.

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BO O K– 9th Edition

Figure 5B1.2 - True Vapor Pressure of Crude Oils

(1994)

140
1
130

120

2 110
2
100
3 3
TRUE VAPOR PRESSURE, psia

4 90

4 5

TEMPERATURE,˚F
80
5
70
6
60
7 10

8 50
9
10 15 40

FIGURE 5B1.2 30

TRUE VAPOR PRESSURE OF 20

15
CRUDE OILS
10
Created: June 1993 Remastered : 2012
20 0
TECHNICAL DATA BOOK VERSION 9

25 Copyright © 2013. The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International, Inc.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 471
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Figure 5B1.2

(1999)

Purpose
Figure 5B1.2 is useful for estimating the true vapor pressure (tvp) of a crude oil at normal storage temperatures.
The true vapor pressures of gasolines and finished products should be determined using Figure 5B1.1.

Reliability
No estimate of the reliability of this figure is available.

Special Comments
The following equation can be used instead of Figure 5B1.2.

1n tvp = A + B 1n (RVP) + C (RVP) + DT

+ ( E + F 1n (RVP) + G (RVP)4 ) (5B1.2-1)

T
Where:

A = 7.78511307
B = –1.08100387
C = 0.05319502
D = 0.00451316
E = –5756.85623050
F = 1104.41248797
G = –0.00068023

Applicable Ranges:
0 °F < T (°F) < 140 °F and 2 psi < RVP < 15 psi

Literature Source
The figure was given in API Bull. 2513: Evaporation Loss in the Petroleum Industry-Causes and Control,
American Petroleum Institute, New York (1959, Reaffirmed 1973). Also API Publication 2517, Third Edition,
February 1989.

Example
Estimate the tvp at 70 °F of a crude oil having an RVP of 6 psi. A straight line on the Figure 5B1.2 connecting
the 70 °F point on the temperature scale and the 6 psi RVP point intersects the tvp scale at 4.2 psia.

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Procedure 5B1.3 – Blending Method for Reid Vapor Pressure

(1999)

Discussion
This procedure estimates the Reid vapor pressure for a blend of pure components and/or petroleum fractions.
The Reid vapor pressure of each stream and the molar blending ratio must be known. The Reid vapor pressure of
the blend is estimated from:
1
 
RVPb    vi RVPi  (5B1.3-1)
i 

Where:
RVPb = Reid vapor pressure of the blend psi
α = 1.2
vi = volume fraction of stream i
RVPi = Reid vapor pressure of stream i psi

For a pure component, RVPi is taken as the pure component true vapor pressure at 100 °F.

This procedure should not be used for widely dissimilar components or streams.

Procedure
Step 1: Obtain the vapor pressure of pure components at 100 °F from The Pure Component Properties
program or the Reid vapor pressure of any stream.
Step 2: Calculate the Reid vapor pressure of the blend from Equation (5B1.3-1).

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 49
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5B1.3

(1999)

Purpose
This procedure is used to estimate the Reid vapor pressure of a blend of components with known Reid vapor
pressures, as defined in ASTM Procedure D323-94.

Limitations
This method is limited to pure components and petroleum fractions. It should not be used for widely dissimilar
blends.

Reliability
This procedure has not been extensively tested. For applicable systems, the method is on average accurate to
within 1 psi. Higher errors can be expected for mixtures of unlike components.

Example
Estimate the Reid vapor pressure of a blend that contains 7.56 gallons of tert-butyl ethyl ether and 92.44 gallons
of isopentane.

Step 1: From The Pure Component Properties program, obtain needed data.
Step 2: Calculate the Reid vapor pressure of the blend using equation (5B1.3-1).

RVPb = (0.0756(4.1478) 1.2 + 0.9244(20.4643)1.2)1/1.2

RVPb =19.2 psi

An experimental Reid vapor pressure for this blend is 19.0 psi.

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Procedure 5B1.4 – Prediction of Reid Vapor Pressure

(1999)

Discussion
This procedure predicts the Reid vapor pressure of a fully defined mixture by simulating ASTM Procedure
D323-94. If it is necessary to simulate a partially undefined mixture such as a petroleum fraction or a crude oil,
please see the special comments for this procedure.
The method calculates the Reid vapor pressure of the liquid sample in two steps. First, the chilled sample is
saturated with air. Then, one part of the sample is mixed with four parts by volume of air at 100 °F and atmospheric
pressure. This mixture is then flashed at 100 °F and a constant total volume. The calculated flash pressure is then
corrected to obtain the Reid vapor pressure.

Procedure
Step 1: The input to this procedure is a liquid sample of known molar composition. For each component of
the input, and for oxygen and nitrogen, obtain the molecular weight, critical temperature, critical
pressure, acentric factor, ZRA (a constant from Table 6A2.14), and the S2 term from Table 8D1.3.
Step 2: Saturate the sample with air using Procedure 8Dl.l. The flash is conducted at 33 °F and 14.696 psi.
The feed to the flash is 98 mole % sample and 2% bone dry air. The liquid from this flash is used
for the remainder of the simulation.
Step 3: Use Procedure 6A3.1 to calculate the liquid density of the liquid product from Step 2 in units of
pound moles per cubic foot.
Step 4: One cubic foot of the sample is fed to the second flash. Multiply the liquid density by one cubic foot
to obtain the total pound moles that will be fed to the second flash. The pound moles of each
individual component are obtained by multiplying the total pound moles by the liquid mole
fractions from the first flash.
Step 5: Calculate the pound moles of air needed for a 4 to 1 vapor to liquid ratio at the start of the second
flash. The air is fed to the flash at 100 °F and 14.696 psia. From the ideal gas law, 0.0079 pound
moles of nitrogen and 0.0021 pound moles of oxygen are required.
Step 6: Sum the pound moles of both the liquid sample from Step 4 and the vapor from Step 5 to obtain the
total pound moles in the mixed feed. The mole fraction of each component in the feed is obtained
by dividing the pound moles of the component by the total pound moles.
Step 7: Flash the mixed feed at 100 °F and a constant volume of 5ft3 using Procedure 8D1.1. Iterate on the
pressure until the volumes of the two phases sums to 5 ft3. The volumes of the phases are found
with a material balance calculation and appropriate density equation. For the vapor phase,
calculate the density from the gas law with a compressibility factor from the flash calculation. The
liquid density should be determined from Procedure 6A3.1.
Step 8: Subtract 14.696 psi from the flash pressure. The resulting value is the predicted Reid vapor
pressure.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 51
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5B1.4

(1999)

Purpose
This procedure is used to simulate ASTM Reid vapor pressure experimental procedures.

Limitations
The Reid vapor pressure experiments are highly sensitive to the presence of trapped gases and light
hydrocarbons. If gases or paraffins with a carbon number less than seven are present in the mixture, the mole
fractions of these light components must be accurately measured to obtain a reliable prediction.
This method does not account for water in the atmosphere because the experimental procedure does not require
any correction for moisture or any record of the moisture content of the air. Further, calculations made while
creating this method demonstrated that the presence of water had negligible impact on the predicted Reid vapor
pressure.

Reliability
For defined mixtures, the method reproduces experimental data to an average deviation of 0.6 psi. For
petroleum fractions and whole crude oils, the average deviation from experimental data is 0.8 psi.

Example A.
Simulate the Reid experiment for a mixture that is 93.57 mole % isopentane and 6.43 mole % ethyl- tert-butyl
ether (ETBE). The required parameters for isopentane, ETBE, nitrogen, and oxygen are listed below.

Molecular Acentric
Weight Tc (°F) Pc (psia) Factor ZRA S2
Isopentane 72.15 369.10 490.38 0.2275 0.2718 –0.003898

ETBE 102.18 465.53 440.92 0.2957 0.2726 0.046280

Oxygen 32.00 –181.43 731.44 0.0222 0.2890 0.0

Nitrogen 28.01 –232.51 493.14 0.0377 0.2893 –0.011 016

Use Procedure 8D1.1 to perform a flash calculation at 33 °F and 14.7 psia of the sample saturated with 2 mole%
air.

Mole Fraction Mole Fraction

Component Feed Liquid

Isopentane 0.9170 0.9338

ETBE 0.0630 0.0648

Oxygen 0.0042 0.0005

Nitrogen 0.0158 0.0009

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5B1.4 (Continued)

(1999)

From Procedure 6A3.1, the liquid density of the saturated sample is 0.5483 lb-mole/ft3.
One cubic foot which contains 0.5483 pound mole of sample will be fed to the second flash calculation. To
determine the pound moles of each component, multiply by liquid mole fractions from first flash calculation.

Component Pound Moles

Isopentane 0.5120
ETBE 0.0355
Oxygen 0.0003
Nitrogen 0.0005

Add 0.0077 pound mole of nitrogen and 0.0021 pound mole of oxygen to the feed. Calculate the mole fraction
of each component in the feed.

Component Pound Moles Mole Fraction

Isopentane 0.5120 0.9174

ETBE 0.0355 0.0636

Oxygen 0.0024 0.0043

Nitrogen 0.0082 0.0147

Total 0.5581

Using procedure 8D1.1, perform a flash calculation on this feed at 100 °F and a constant volume of 5 ft3. The
flash pressure is found to be 33.8 psia by iteration. Subtracting atmosphere pressure from the flash pressure yields
the predicted Reid vapor pressure of 19.1 psi. The experimental value for this system from Wiltec Research Co. is
19.0 psi.

Special Comments
This procedure requires a fully defined mixture as a feed stream. However, for petroleum fractions and whole
crude oils, it is prohibitively expensive to fully define the mixture. Therefore, it is possible to treat the components
of a complex mixture as a blend of real pure components and a pseudocomponent.
To obtain accurate predictions, the light components, trapped gases and paraffins up to a carbon number of 6,
must be treated as real components. The heavy residual can then be treated as a single pseudocomponent created
from distillation data. The following steps should be taken to generate the pseudocomponent. This procedure will
require the specific gravity of the sample and the true boiling distillation which can be estimated from a D86
distillation. It is also necessary to know the volume percentage of the entire light end. This percentage will be
called the break volume. In other words, the break volume is the point at which the distillation goes from defined
components to the pseudocomponents.

Step 1: Calculate the volume average boiling point (VABP) using Equation 2.0-3.
Step 2: Use Procedure 2B1.1 to calculate the mean average boiling point (MeABP).
Step 3: Calculate the sample’s Watson K from Equation 2-0.8.
Step 4: Determine the volume percent at which one half of the residual is distilled. The calculation is
accomplished by taking the average of the break volume and 100%. The result is called the
residual’s midpoint volume.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 53
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5B1.4 (Continued)

(1999)

Step 5: Interpolate from the true boiling point data to find the true boiling temperature at which the
residual’s midpoint volume will occur. This temperature is assumed to be the residual’s mean
average boiling point.
Step 6: Assume that the Watson K is constant for the entire sample. Calculate a specific gravity for the
residuals from the definition of the Watson K.
Step 7: Characterize the pseudocomponent using

Critical Temperature Procedure 4D3.1

Critical Pressure Procedure 4D4.1
Acentric Factor Procedure 2B3.1
Molecular Weight Procedure 2B2.1

The ZRA parameter can be obtained from Procedure 6A2.13 using the calculated specific gravity. The S 2
parameter must be set equal to zero for pseudocomponents.

Example B.
Create a heavy residual pseudocomponent for a crude oil given the following data.

Volume % distilled 10 30 50 70 90

True Boiling Temperature (°F) 170.6 350.6 540.5 760.8 1141.3

The specific gravity is 0.8445. The light end is known to be 8.86 vol. % (the break volume) of the sample.

Calculate the volume average boiling point:

VABP = (170.6 + 350.6 + 540.5 + 760.8 + 1141.3)/5 =592.8 °F

From Procedure 2B1.1, the mean average boiling point is 587.4 °F. The Watson K is 12.02.

From the break volume of 8.86%, the residual midpoint is calculated as:

8.86%  100%
 54.43%
2

Interpolating with the distillation data gives a mean average boiling point for the residual of 589.3 °F. The
specific gravity of the residual is calculated as:

(589.3  459.67)1/3
SG   0.8453
12.02

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 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

Comments on Procedure 5B1.4 (Continued)

(1999)

The pseudocomponent is then characterized as:

Critical Temperature (4D3.1) 920.0 °F

Critical Pressure (4D4.1) 220.4 psia
Acentric Factor (2B3.1) 0.6488
Molecular Weight (2B2.1) 248.0
ZRA (6A2.13) 0.2419

For whole crude oils, if the atmospheric residuum of a crude oil is not known, the physical properties of the
atmospheric residuum of another crude oil may be substituted with little additional loss of accuracy. It is therefore
possible to predict the Reid vapor pressure of a crude oil from the light end compositions and a reference heavy
residual. This approach is not recommended for light or narrow boiling fractions.

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved 5 - 55
 API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK – 9th Edition

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Chapter 5 – Vapor Pressure

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Furfural: Vapor-Liquid Equilibria and Organic Compounds. Part III. The Viscosity of
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282. Sax, N.I., “Dangerous Properties of Industrial Methylcyclopentanol with Benzene,” Zh.
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