Class 10th Geography (c) national, state forests

Chapter-2 Forest and Wild Life Worksheet (d) habitat, biological loss
1. ‘Lepcha’ folk song belongs to which state? (ii) Identify the animal species with the following
(a) West Bengal (b) Assam category belong to:
(c) Sikkim (d) Mizoram Species Category
2. What per cent of the total number of species in the 1. Wild Asiatic Buffalo a. rare
world is present in India? 2. Pine b. Extinct
(a) 6% (b) 7% (c) 8% (d) 9% 3. Gangetic dolphins c. Vulnerable species
3. Arrange the following in the correct sequence of the 4. Pink head duck d. Normal
classification of the forest —
(i) Unclassed Forests (ii) Protected Forests (a) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d (b) 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a
(iii) Reserved Forests (iv) Normal Forest (c) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c (d) 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b
Options:
(a) (iii)-(ii)-(i)-(iv) (b) (iv)- (i)-(ii)-(iii) (iii) Which of the following animal species is not
(c) (i)-(iv)-(iii)-(ii) (d) (iii)-(i)-(ii)-(iv) protected by central government?
4. Chipko movement in Himalayas is associated with (a) Asiatic Lion (b) Gharials
what? (c) Hangul (d) Himalayan Yew
(a) Protecting forests (b) Resisting deforestation (iv) The main aim of the government to protect the
(c) Cleaning forests (d) Overgrazing endangered species was by ________.
5. Which community in India is famous for protecting (a) banning hunting and poaching
the Black Buck? (b) limiting animal trade
(a) Dogras (b) Santhals (c) setting legalities
(c) Bishnois (d) All of the above (d) All of the above
6. What does JFM stands for? 2. Read the extract given below and answer the
(a) Joint Foreign Minister questions that follow:
(b) Joint Forest Mission In India, joint forest management (JFM) programme
(c) Joint Fund Management furnishes a good example for involving local
(d) Joint Forest Management communities in the management and restoration of
7. Read the extract given below and answer the degraded forests. The programme has been in formal
questions that follow: existence since 1988 when the state of Odisha passed the
In the 1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a first resolution for joint forest management. JFM depends
national wildlife protection programme. The Indian on the formation of local (village) institutions that
Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest
various provisions for protecting habitats. An all-India land managed by the forest department. In return, the
list of protected species was also published. The thrust of members of these communities are entitled to
the programme was towards protecting the remaining intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces and
population of certain endangered species by banning share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’.
hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and The clear lesson from the dynamics of both
restricting trade in wildlife. Subsequently, central and environmental destruction and reconstruction in India is
many state governments established national parks and that local communities everywhere have to be involved in
wildlife sanctuaries about which you have already some kind of natural resource management. But there is
studied. The central government also announced several still a long way to go before local communities are at the
projects for protecting specific animals, which were centre stage in decision-making. Accept only
gravely threatened, including those economic or developmental activities, that are
the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or people centric, environment-friendly and economically
hangul, three types of crocodiles – fresh water crocodile, rewarding.
saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion, and Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most
others. Most recently, the Indian appropriate option:
elephant, black buck (chinkara), the great Indian bustard (i) Joint forest management (JFM) programme is an
(godawan) and the snow leopard, etc. have been given epitome of involving _________ and _________ in
full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade forest protection.
throughout India. (a) communities, tradition
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most (b) communities and government
appropriate option: (c) forests department and state government
(i) The target of conservation programme is to (d) forest department and centre government
conserve _________ and _________. (ii) Which of the following titles suit best to the
(a) ecological diversity, life support system paragraph given above?
(b) animals, source of food (a) Joint forest management—A success story
(b) India—on a right path by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their
(c) Historical evolution of JFM in India habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
(d) Community and conservation 2. The Act encourages launching of new projects for
(iii) Which of the following is not a target of JFM? protecting animals, which were greatly threatened,
(a) Restoration of degraded forests including the tiger, the onehorned rhinoceros, the
(b) Develop ways for ecological farming Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles–fresh
(c) Control environmental degradation water crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the
(d) Include local communities in safeguarding the forests Asiatic lion, and others.
(iv) Local communities are ready to partner 3. The Act emphasizes on establishing more national
government in protection of forests. In return they get parks, wildlife sanctuaries and bio reserves to protect and
_________ . conserve the wildlife.
(a) Forests products (b) Share in forests land 3. Why do we need to conserve forests and wildlife?
(c) Government rewards(d) Economic help Ans. Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and
our life support systems such as water, air and soil. It also
MCQ.:-Ans:- Ans. (a) West Bengal preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for
Ans. (c) 8% better growth of species and breeding. Because in
Ans. (a) (iii)-(ii)-(i)-(iv) agriculture, we still depend on traditional crop varieties.
Ans. (b) Resisting deforestation Fisheries too are heavily dependent on the maintenance
Ans. (c) Bishnois of aquatic biodiversity.
Ans. (d) Joint Forest Management 4. With reference to the type and distribution of
Case Based Ans:- Ans. (i) (a) ecological diversity, life forests, answer the following questions:
support system (i) How are they classified?
(ii) (d) 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b (ii) Which type of forests are regarded as the most
(iii) (d) Himalayan Yew valuable as far as the conservation of forest and
(iv) (d) All of the above wildlife resources are concerned?
Case Based 2:- Ans. (i) (b) communities and government Ans. (i) Forest are classified as:
(ii) (d) Community and conservation (a) Reserved forests
(iii) (b) Develop ways for ecological farming (b) Protected forests
(iv) (a) Forests products (c) Unclassed forests
(d) Normal forests.
Short Answer Questions (ii) Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable as
1. What is the importance of forests? far as
OR the conservation of forests and
“Forests play a key role in the ecological system.” wildlife resources are concerned.
Highlight the value of forests in our life. 5. Define the following:
OR (i) Reserved forests
Why is it necessary to increase the area under forest (ii) Protected forests
cover in India? (iii) Unclassed forests
Ans. All living organisms form a complex web of OR
ecological system. Forest is one and an essential part of How many types of forests are classified in India?
this ecological system. Explain.
Following are the reasons why forests are important for Ans. (i) Reserved forests: These are the forests which are
the survival for other living beings: permanently earmarked either to the production of timber
1. Forests are the primary producers on which all other or other forest produce and in which right of grazing and
living beings depend. cultivation is banned.
2. Forests provide shelter to most of the living beings. (ii) Protected forests: These are forests in which the right
3. Many communities directly depend on them for food, of grazing and cultivation are allowed subject to a few
drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. minor restrictions.
2. What has been the contribution of the Indian (iii) Unclassed forests: These consist largely of
Wildlife Protection Act in protecting habitats in inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes.
India? Explain. 6. “Nature-worship is an old age belief”. Explain how
Ans. The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in it has helped in the conservation of forests and
1972 with the objective to protect the wildlife in India. wildlife.
Following are the steps taken in this direction: Ans. Worshiping nature is an old age belief. In olden
1. The Act enlisted the species that need special attention days people use to worship nature this culture still exists
for their protection. The coerce of the Act was to protect in our country. Such type of culture helps in preserving
the remaining population of certain endangered species the forests and wildlife.
1. Nature-worship is an age old tribal belief based on the 10.Explain any three measures taken by the Indian
premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Government to protect wildlife.
Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in Ans. 1. National parks, biosphere and wildlife
pristine form called sacred groves (the forest of Gods and sanctuaries: To protect the biodiversity, the Indian
Goddesses). These patches of forests or parts of large government has established 100 national parks, 515
forests, have been left untouched by local people and any sanctuaries and 17 biosphere reserves.
interference with them is banned.
2. The Mundas and Santhal of Chota Nagpur regions 2. The Indian Wildlife Protection Act: The Indian
worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972, with
(Anthocaphalus Cadamba) tree, and the tribals of Odisha various provisions for protecting habitats. An all India list
and Bihar worship the tamarind (tamarindus indica) and of protected species was also published. The thrust of the
mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. program was towards protecting the remaining
3. Peepal and banyan trees are also considered sacred and population of certain endangered species by banning
worshipped in most parts of India. hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats and
4. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain restricting trade in wildlife.
peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected.
5. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of 3. Projects for protecting specific animals: The central
blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as government has also announced several projects for
an integral part of the community and nobody harms protecting specific animals which were greatly
them. threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned
7. What are the main objectives of JFM? rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, the three types of
Ans. 1. Under the Joint Forest Management programme, crocodiles — the freshwater crocodile, the saltwater
local communities are involved in the management and crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion and others.
restoration of degraded forests.
2. The major purpose of the JFM is to protect the forests 4. Forest Policy: India is one of the few countries which
from encroachments, grazing, theft and fire and also to has a forest policy since 1894. It was revised in 1952 and
improve the forests in accordance with an approved Joint again in 1988. The main plank of the forest policy is
Forest Management plan. protection, conservation and development of forests.
3. In return, the members of these communities are
entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest 5. Forest Research Institutes: Indian government has
produce. created many forest research institutes for the research,
8. Answer the following questions: protection and development of the forests. FRI, Dehradun
(i) Name any two states which have the largest area is the oldest research institution of the country.
under permanent forests. 11. “Conservation of rapid decline in wildlife
(ii) Name any four states which have a large area population and forestry has become essential.”
under reserved forests. Explain.
(iii) Name any four states which have the large area OR
under unclassed forests. Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife
Ans. (i) Two states having the largest area under resources? Explain any two steps taken by the
permanent forests are Madhya Pradesh and Arunachal communities to protect our forest and wildlife
Pradesh. resources.
(ii) Four states having large area under reserved forests OR
are Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand Why is conservation of forests and wildlife necessary?
and Kerala. In what way have conservation projects changed in
(iii) Four states having large area under unclassed forests the recent years?
are Gujarat, Manipur, Assam and Sikkim. OR
8. Write four major reasons for the depletion of forest Assess the need for the conservation of forests and
cover. wildlife in India.
Ans. 1. Deforestation for agricultural purposes. Ans. Conservation of forest and wildlife is important
2. Shifting cultivation which is still practised in because1. Loss of cultural diversity: The loss of forest
substantial parts of tribal belts. and wildlife is not just a biological issue but it is also
3. Large-scale development of river valley projects. correlated with cultural diversity. There are many forest-
4. Mining activities have also resulted in deforestation. dependent communities, which directly depend on
For example, the tiger reserve in West Bengal is seriously various components of the forests and wildlife for food,
threatened by the ongoing dolomite mining. drinks, medicines, etc. Many of the tribal communities
5. Environmental pollution and forest fires have also led like Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc. have lost their
to depletion of forests. habitat because of the destruction of forests.
2. Complex web of living organisms: We humans along
with all living organisms form a complex web ecological
system in which we are only a part and very much
dependent on this system for our own existence. For
example, the plants, animals and microorganisms recreate
the quality of the air we breathe, the water we
drink and the soil that produce our food without which
we cannot survive.
3. Large scale destruction of forests: Between 1951 and
1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over
26,200 sq. km of forest area was converted into
agricultural lands all over India.
12. Name some conservation movements which have
contributed towards the conservation of flora and
fauna.
Ans. Famous conservation movements are:
1. Chipko Movement: The famous Chipko Movement
was started in the Himalayas to resist deforestation in
several areas. To save indigenous species, it has opted for
community afforestation. It has made attempt to revive
the traditional conservation methods or develop new
methods of ecological farming.

2. Beej Bachao Andolan: Farmers and citizens’ groups in

Tehri have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop
production without the use of synthetic chemicals is
possible and are also economically viable.

3. Joint Forest Management (JFM): It furnishes a good

example for involving local communities in the
management and restoration of degraded forests.

The programme has been in formal existence since 1988

when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for
joint forest management.

It depends on the formation of local institutions that

undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest
land managed by the forest department.

In return, the community members are entitled to benefits

like non-timber forest produce and share in the timber
harvested by successful protection.