ISO 5817:2023(E)

Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam

welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections

焊接 钢、镍、钛及其合金的熔焊接头（束焊除外） 偏差质量等级

Contents
内容
Foreword
前言
Introduction
介绍
1. Scope
范围
2. Normative references
参考标准
3. Terms and definitions
术语和定义
4. Symbols
符号
5. Assessment of imperfections
偏差的评定
Annex A (informative)
附录 A（资料性附录）
Examples of determination of percentage (%) porosity
气孔（%）测定示例
Annex B (informative)
附录 B（资料性附录）
Additional criteria for welds in steel subject to fatigue
承受疲劳的钢焊缝的附加标准
Bibliography
参考文献

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
Foreword
前言
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
依据 ISO/IEC 导则第 1 部分的程序，制定和维护本标准。应特别指出的是不同类型的 ISO 文件所需
的批准准则不同。根据 ISO/IEC 导则第 2 部分的规则，起草本标准(参见 www.iso.org/directive)。
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
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rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
注意，本标准的某些要素有可能是专利权主题。ISO 不负责识别任何或所有此类专利权。在制定标
准期间确定的任何专利权的详细信息将在前言和/或收到的 ISO 专利声明列表中列出（见
www.iso.org/patents）。
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
本文中所用的任何商品名称均为方便用户而提供的资料，并不构成背书。
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Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
有关标准自愿性的解释、与符合性评定相关的 ISO 特定术语和表达的含义，以及 ISO 在《技术性贸
易壁垒》（TBT）中遵守世界贸易组织（WTO）原则的信息，请参见 URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html。
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 10, Quality management in the field of welding, in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
由技术委员会 ISO/TC 44（焊接及相关工艺）、 小组委员会 SC 10（焊接领域质量管理）、与欧洲标
准化委员会（CEN）技术委员会 CEN/TC 121（焊接和相关工艺），根据 ISO 和 CEN 之间的技术合
作协议（维也纳协议）编写本标准。
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5817:2014), which has been technically
revised.
第四版将第三版（ISO 5817 2004）取消并替换，本版在技术上进行了修订。与前版本相比，主要变
化如下：
The main changes are as follows:
主要变化如下：
➢ editorial updates;
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
编辑更新；
➢ actual throat thickness aA, used in Table 1, nos 1.3, 1.4, 1.16 and 3.2;
实际焊喉厚度（aA），用于表 1 内的第 1.3、1.4、1.16 和 3.2；
➢ figures for Table 1, nos 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.11, 1.14, 1.16, 1.19, 2.12, 2.13 and 4.1 changed or added;
更改或增加了表 1 内的第 1.4、1.5、1.6、1.11、1.14、1.16、1.19、2.12、2.13 和 4.1 号的数字；
➢ Table 1, no. 4.1: exclusion of several imperfections and change of acceptance criteria;
表 1 第 4.1：几个偏差的排除和验收标准的变更；
➢ Former Annex B deleted.
删除前版附录 B。
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Official interpretations of
ISO/TC 44 documents, where they exist, are available from this page:
https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.
任何与本标准有关的反馈或问题应提交至所在国的标准机构处。有关这些机构的完整列表，访问
www.iso.org/members.html 。ISO/TC 44 文件的官方解释（如有），可访问：
https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html。

Introduction
介绍
This document is intended to be used as a reference in the drafting of application codes and/or other
application standards. It contains a simplified selection of fusion weld imperfections based on the
designations given in ISO 6520-1.
作为起草应用规范和/或其它应用标准的参考为本标准的主要目的。本标准含基于 ISO 6520-1 内给出
名称的熔焊偏差的简化选择。
Some of the imperfections described in ISO 6520-1 have been used directly and some have been grouped
together. The basic numerical referencing system from ISO 6520-1 has been used.
ISO 6520-1 内描述的一些偏差已被直接使用，一些偏差已分组在一起。已使用 ISO 6520-1 中的基本
数值参考系统。
The purpose of this document is to specify dimensions of typical imperfections which might be expected in
normal fabrication. It may be used within a quality system for the production of welded joints. It provides
three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The quality
level necessary in each case should be specified by the application standard or the responsible designer in
conjunction with the manufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The quality level shall be prescribed
before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. For special purposes, additional
details may be prescribed. If the welds will be subsequently coated with a protective coating, lining or paint,
the welds might require more thorough post weld treatment or surface finishing to achieve the requirements
in ISO 8501-3.
对通用制造中可能出现典型偏差的尺寸进行规定，为本标准的主要目的。本标准可用于焊接接头生
产的质量体系。本标准提供了三组维度值，可以从中为特定应用程序进行选择。每种情况下所需的
应由应用标准或负责的设计师与制造商、用户和/或其他相关方共同规定质量等级。质量等级应在生
产开始前规定，最好在询价或订购阶段。如有特殊用途，可能会规定其它详细信息。如果焊缝随后
将涂上保护涂层、衬里或油漆，则焊缝可能需要更彻底的焊后处理或表面精加工，以达到 ISO 8501-
3 的要求。
The quality levels given in this document provide basic reference data and are not specifically related to any
particular application. They refer to types of welded joint in fabrication and not to the complete product or
component itself. It is possible, therefore, that different quality levels are applied to individual welded joints
in the same product or component.

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
本标准内所给的质量等级提供了基本参考数据，与任何特定应用程序无关。质量等级指的是制造中
的焊接接头类型，而不是整个产品或部件本身。因此，对同一产品或部件的各个焊接接头采用不同
的质量等级是可能的。
The main part of the document takes no account for fitness or design for purpose. Annex B gives a
possibility to address design for purpose for fatigue applications.
该文件的主体未考虑到适用性或设计目的。附录 B 提供了解决疲劳应用设计的可能性。
It would normally be expected that for a particular welded joint the dimensional limits for imperfections can
all be covered by specifying one quality level. In some cases, it can be necessary to specify different quality
levels for different imperfections in the same welded joint. The choice of quality level for any application
should take account of design considerations, subsequent processing (e.g. surfacing), mode of stressing (e.g.
static, dynamic), service conditions (e.g. temperature, environment) and consequences of failure. Economic
factors are also important and should include not only the cost of welding but also of inspection, testing and
repair.
通常情况下，对于特定的焊接接头，偏差的尺寸限制可通过指定一个质量等级来涵盖。在某些情况
下，可能有必要对同一焊接接头的不同偏差规定不同的质量等级。任何应用的质量等级的选择都应
考虑设计因素、后续处理（如表面处理）、应力模式（如静态、动态）、使用条件（如温度、环境）
和失效后果。经济因素也很重要，不仅应包括焊接成本，还应包括检测、测试和维修成本。
Although this document includes types of imperfection relevant to the fusion welding processes listed in
Clause 1, only those which are applicable to the process and application in question need to be considered.
尽管本标准包括与第 1 节所列熔焊工艺相关的偏差类型，但只需考虑适用于相关工艺和应用的偏差
类型。
Imperfections are quoted in terms of their actual dimensions, and their detection and evaluation can require
the use of one or more methods of non-destructive testing. The detection and sizing of imperfections is
dependent on the testing methods and the extent of testing specified in the application standard or contract.
偏差是根据其实际尺寸来引证，其检测和评定可能需要使用一种或多种无损检测方法。偏差的检测
和确定尺寸取决于应用标准或合同中规定的检测方法和检测程度。
This document does not address the methods used for the detection of imperfections. However, ISO 17635
contains a correlation between the quality level and acceptance level for different NDT methods.
本标准不涉及用于检测偏差的方法。然而，ISO 17635 包含不同无损检测方法的质量等级和验收等
级之间的相关性。
This document is directly applicable to visual testing of welds and does not include details of recommended
methods of detection or sizing by non- destructive means. It should be considered that there are difficulties
in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as
ultrasonic testing (UT), radiographic testing (RT), eddy current testing (ET), penetrant testing (PT) and
magnetic particle testing (MT) and that these will possibly need to be supplemented by requirements for
inspection, examining and testing.
本标准直接适用于焊缝的目视测试，不包括推荐的检测方法的细节，也不包括采用 NDT 手段进行尺
寸测定的方法。应考虑到，在使用这些限制来建立适用于无损检测方法的适当标准方面存在困难，
如超声波检测（UT）、射线照相检测（RT）、涡流检测（ET）、渗透检测（PT）和磁粉检测（MT），
并且可能需要通过检测、检查和测试的要求来补充这些标准。
The values given for imperfections are for welds produced using normal welding practice. Requirements for
smaller (more stringent) values as stated in quality level B may include additional manufacturing processes,
e.g. grinding, TIG dressing.
所给出的偏差值适用于使用通用焊接方法生产的焊缝。如质量等级 B 规定，对更小（更严格）值的
要求可能包括额外的制造工艺，如研磨、TIG 修整。
Annex B gives additional requirements for welds subject to fatigue.
附录 B 给出了疲劳焊缝的附加要求。

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
1. Scope
范围
This document specifies quality levels of imperfections in fusion-welded joints (except for beam
welding) in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material thickness ≥ 0.5 mm.
It covers fully penetrated butt welds and all fillet welds. Its principles can also be applied to partial-
penetration butt welds.
钢、镍、钛及其合金所有类型熔焊接头（束焊除外）的偏差质量等级，本标准进行了规定。本
标准适用于厚度≥0.5 mm 的材料。包括全熔透的对接焊缝和所有角焊缝。其原理也可应用于局
部熔透的对接焊缝。
Quality levels for beam-welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919- 1.
对钢束焊焊接头的质量等级，ISO 13919-1 给出了规定。
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They
are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the
finished weld.
为能够广泛应用于焊接制造，给出了三个质量等级。它们由符号 B、C 和 D 表示。质量等级 B
对应于成品焊缝的最高要求。
Several types of loads are considered, e.g. static load, thermal load, corrosion load, pressure load.
Additional guidance on fatigue loads is given in Annex B.
考虑了几种类型的载荷，如静态载荷、热载荷、腐蚀载荷、压力载荷。疲劳载荷的附加指南参
考附录 B。
The quality levels refer to production and good workmanship.
质量等级指的是生产和良好的工艺。
This document is applicable to:
本标准适用于：
a) non-alloy and alloy steels;
非合金钢和合金钢；
b) nickel and nickel alloys;
镍和镍合金；
c) titanium and titanium alloys;
钛和钛合金；
d) manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
手工、机械化和自动焊接；
e) all welding positions;
所有焊接位置；
f) all types of welds, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;
所有类型的焊缝，如对接焊缝、角焊缝和分支接头；
g) the following welding processes and their sub-processes, as defined in ISO 4063:
ISO 4063 中定义的以下焊接工艺及其子工艺：
➢ 11 metal arc welding without gas protection;
11 无气体保护的金属电弧焊；
➢ 12 submerged arc welding;
12 埋弧焊；SAW
➢ 13 gas-shielded metal arc welding;
13 气体保护金属电弧焊；GMAW
➢ 14 gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten electrode;
14 非消耗钨极气体保护电弧焊；TIG
➢ 15 plasma arc welding;
15 等离子弧焊；
➢ 31 oxyfuel gas welding (for steel only).
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
31 氧气焊（仅适用于钢）。
Metallurgical aspects, such as grain size and hardness, are not covered by this document.
冶金方面，如晶粒尺寸和硬度，不在本标准的范围内。
2. Normative references
参考文件
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
以下参考文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡注明日期的应用，只引用适用版本。对未注
明日期的应用, 引用最新版本的参考文件 (包括任何修订) 。
ISO 25901 (all parts), Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary
ISO 25901（所有部分），焊接和相关工艺 术语
3. Terms and definitions
术语和定义
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in the ISO 25901 series and the
following apply.
就本文件而言，ISO 5577 和以下所给术语和定义均适用。
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
在下列地址，ISO 和 IEC 维护术语数据库，用于标准化：
➢ ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
ISO 在线浏览平台：可在
➢ IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
IEC 电子百科全书：可在
3.1 quality level
质量等级
description of the quality of a weld on the basis of type, size and amount of selected imperfections
基于所选偏差的类型、尺寸和数量，对焊接质量的描述
3.2 short imperfection
短偏差
<welds 100 mm long or longer> imperfection whose total length is not greater than 25 mm in the
100 mm of the weld which contains the greatest number of imperfections
<焊缝长度≥100 mm >在 100 mm 焊缝内（含偏差量最多），所含偏差的总长≤25 mm；
3.3 short imperfection
短偏差
< welds less than 100 mm long> imperfection whose total length is not greater than 25 % of the
length of the weld
<焊缝长度＜100 mm >偏差的总长度≤焊缝长度的 25%
3.4 systematic imperfection
系统偏差
imperfection that is repeatedly distributed in the weld over the weld length to be tested, the size of a
single imperfection being within the specified limits
在待检焊缝长度内反复分布的偏差，单个偏差的尺寸在规定的范围内
3.5 projected area
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
投影面积
area where imperfections distributed along the volume of the weld under consideration are imaged
two-dimensionally
对沿所检焊缝体积内分布的偏差，进行二维成像的区域
Note 1 to entry: In contrast to the cross-sectional area, the occurrence of imperfections is dependent
on the weld thickness when exposed radiographically (see Figure 1).
注 1：与横截面积相比，偏差的发生取决于射线成像时的焊缝厚度（见图 1）。

Key
direction of rays sixfold thickness twofold thickness
1 3 5
射线方向 六倍厚度 两倍厚度
four pores per volume unit threefold thickness onefold thickness
2 4 6
每个单位体积内有四个孔 三倍厚度 一倍厚度
3.6 cross-sectional area
横截面积
area to be considered after fracture or sectioning
断裂或切片后需要考虑的区域
3.7 smooth transition
光滑过渡
even surface with no irregularities or sharpness at the transition between the weld bead and the
parent material and/or the adjacent welding bead(s)
焊道与母材和/或相邻焊道之间的过渡处表面平坦，无不规则或锐角。
3.8 fatigue class
疲劳等级
FATx
classification reference to S-N curve
分类参考 S-N 曲线
Note 1 to entry: x is the stress range in MPa at 2 · 106 cycles.
注 1：x 是 2·106 次周期时的应力范围，单位为 MPa。
Note 2 to entry: Fatigue properties are described by S-N curves (stress-number of cycle-curves).
注 2：疲劳特性用 S-N 曲线（应力-循环曲线数）描述。

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
Note 3 to entry: See Annex B.
注 3：见附录 B。
4. Symbols
符号
nominal throat thickness of the fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)
a
角焊缝的标称焊喉厚度（另见 ISO 2553）
actual throat thickness (throat thickness of the finalized weld) (see ISO/TR 25901-1)
aA
实际焊喉厚度（最终焊缝的焊喉厚度）（见 ISO/TR 25901-1）
area surrounding the gas pores
A
气孔周围的区域
width of weld reinforcement
b
焊缝余高宽度
diameter of gas pore
d
气孔直径
diameter of area surrounding the gas pores
dA
气孔周围区域的直径
height or width of imperfection
h
偏差的高度或宽度
penetration in fillet welds
i
角焊缝熔深
length of imperfection in longitudinal direction of the weld
l
纵向焊缝内偏差的长度
length of projected or cross-sectional area
lp
投影面积或横截面积的长度
radius of weld toe
r
焊趾半径
nominal butt weld thickness
s
对接焊缝标称厚度
wall or plate thickness (nominal size)
t
壁厚或板厚（标称尺寸）
width of the weld or width or height of the cross-sectional area
WP
焊缝宽度或横截面积的宽度或高度
leg length of a fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)
z
角焊缝的焊脚长度（另见 ISO 2553）
angle of weld toe
α
焊趾角
angle of angular misalignment
β
错位角的角度
5. Assessment of imperfections
偏差评定
Limits for imperfections in accordance with ISO 6520-1 are given in Table 1.
表 1 给出了符合 ISO 6520-1 的偏差限值。
If, for the detection of imperfections, macro-examination is used, only those imperfections shall be
considered which can be detected with a maximum of tenfold magnification. Excluded from this are
micro lack of fusion (see Table 1, 1.5) and microcracks (see Table 1, 2.2).
如果使用宏观检查来检测偏差，则应只考虑那些可用最大十倍放大率检测到的偏差。除此之
外，还有微观未熔合（见表 1，第 1.5 节）和微裂纹（见表 1，第 2.2 节）。
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
Systematic imperfections are only permitted in quality level D, provided the other requirements of Table
1 are fulfilled.
只有在满足表 1 其它要求的情况下，系统偏差才允许出现在质量等级 D 中。
A welded joint should usually be assessed separately for each individual type of imperfection (see Table
1, 1.1 to 3.2).
焊接接头通常应针对每种类型的偏差分别进行评定（见表 1，第 1.1 节至第 3.2 节）。
Different types of imperfection occurring at any cross-section of the joint need special consideration
(see multiple imperfections in Table 1, 4.1).
不同类型的偏差出现在接头的任何横截面需要特别考虑（见表 1，第 4.1 节的多个偏差）。
The limits for multiple imperfections (see Table 1) are only applicable for cases where the requirements
for a single imperfection are not exceeded.
多个偏差的限值（见表 1）仅适用于未超过单个偏差要求的情况。
Any two adjacent imperfections separated by a distance smaller than the major dimension of the smaller
imperfection shall be considered as a single imperfection.\
任意两个相邻偏差的间距＜较小偏差的主要尺寸，则应视为单个偏差。

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
Table 1 — Limits for imperfections
偏差的限值
Reference Imperfection t mm Limits for imperfections for quality levels
Remarks
No. to ISO designation 被检件 与质量等级对应偏差的限值
备注
6520-1 偏差设计 厚度 D C B
1 Surface imperfections
表面偏差
Crack Not permitted
1.1 100 ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted
裂纹 不允许
Crater crack
1.2 104 ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
弧坑裂纹
Butt welds d ≤ 0.3 s
对接焊缝d≤0.3 s
0.5 to 3 Not permitted Not permitted
fillet welds d ≤ 0,3 aA
角焊缝 d≤0,3 aA
On the weld face or the weld root Butt welds d ≤ 0,3 s, butt welds d ≤ 0.2 s,
Surface pore Maximum dimension of a single pore but max. 3 mm but max. 2 mm
1.3 2017
表面气孔 在焊缝表面或焊缝根部 对接焊缝d≤0.3 s，但 对接焊缝d≤0.2 s，但
单个气孔的最大尺寸 最大为3mm 最大为2mm
＞3 Not permitted
fillet welds d ≤ 0,3 aA, fillet welds d ≤ 0.2
but max. 3 mm aA, but max. 2 mm
角焊缝 d≤0.3 aA，但最 角焊缝 d≤0.2aA，但
大为 3mm 最大为 2mm
— butt welds 对接焊缝 Butt welds h ≤ 0.2 s，d
≤ 0,3 s
对接焊缝 h ≤ 0.2 s，
End crater d≤0.3 s
0.5 to 3 Not permitted Not permitted
pipe fillet welds h ≤ 0.2 aA,
1.4 2025
端部弧坑缩 d ≤ 0,3 aA
管 角焊缝 h ≤ 0.2 aA ，
d≤0.3 aA
Butt welds h ≤ 0.2 s, Butt welds h ≤ 0.1 s,
＞3 Not permitted
— fillet welds 角焊缝 but max. 2 mm, d ≤ 0,3 but max. 1 mm, d ≤

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
s, but max. 3 mm 0.2 s, but max. 2 mm
对接焊缝h≤0.2 s，但 对接焊缝 h≤0.1 s，
最 大 为 2 mm 时 , 但最大为 1 mm 时,
d≤0.3 s ，但 最 大为3 d≤0.2 s，但最大为 2
mm mm
fillet welds h ≤ 0.2 aA, fillet welds h ≤ 0.1
but max. 2 mm, d ≤ 0,3 aA, but max. 1 mm, d
aA, but max. 3 mm ≤ 0.2 aA, but max. 2
角焊缝 h≤0.2 aA，但最 mm
大为 2 mm 时, d≤0.3 角焊缝 h≤0.1 aA，但
aA，但最大为 3 mm 最 大 为 1mm 时 ,
d≤0.2 aA，但最大为
2 mm

Lack of
fusion
(incomplete Not permitted
401 ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted
fusion) 不允许
1.5 未熔合（未
完全熔合）

Micro lack of
Only detectable by micro examination (≥50 ×) Permitted
4014 fusion ≥0.5 Permitted Permitted
只能通过显微检查检测（≥50 倍） 允许
微观未熔合
1.6 4021 Incomplete Only for single side butt welds (full ≥0.5 Short imperfections: h Not permitted Not permitted

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
root penetration) ≤ 0.2 t but max. 2 mm
penetration 仅适用于单面对接焊缝（全熔透） 短偏差：h≤0.2 t，但最
根部未焊透 大 2 mm

Smooth transition is required. This is not Short imperfections: h Short imperfections:

regarded as a systematic imperfection. 0.5 to 3 ≤ 0.2 t h ≤ 0.1 t Not permitted
要求平滑过渡。这并不被视为系统偏差。 短偏差：h≤0.2 t 短偏差：h≤0.1 t，
Continuous
undercut
连续咬边
Intermittent
5011
1.7 undercut h ≤ 0.1 t, but max. h ≤ 0.05 t, but
5012 h ≤ 0.2 t, but max. 1
(short 0.5 mm max. 0.5 mm
＞3 mm
imperfection) h≤0.1 t，但最大 0.5 h≤0.05 t，但最
h≤0.2 t，但最大 1 mm
断续咬边 mm 大 0.5 mm
（短偏差）

1.8 5013 Shrinkage Smooth transition is required. 0.5 to 3 Short imperfections: h Short imperfections: Not permitted

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
grooves 要求平滑过渡。 ≤ 0.1 t + 0.2 mm h ≤ 0.1 t
缩沟 短偏差：h≤0.1 t+ 0.2 短偏差：h≤0.1 t，
mm
Short
Short imperfections: imperfections:
Short imperfections: h
h ≤ 0.1 t, but max.1 h ≤ 0.05 t, but
≤ 0.2 t, but max. 2 mm
＞3 mm max. 0.5 mm
短偏差：h≤0.2 t，但最
短偏差：h≤0.1 t，但 短 偏 差 ：
大 1 mm
最大 0.5 mm h≤0.05 t，但最
大0.5 mm
Smooth transition is required between the
capping run(s) and the plate surface and/or the
adjacent welding bead(s)
余高与板表面和/或相邻焊道之间，要求平
Excess weld h ≤ 0.1 b + 1
滑过渡
metal (butt h ≤ 0.25 b + 1 mm, but h ≤ 0.15 b + 1 mm, mm, but max.
weld) max. 10 mm but max. 7 mm 5 mm
1.9 502 ≥0.5
余高超高 h≤0.25 b+ 1 mm，但最 h≤0.15 b+ 1 mm，但 h≤0.1 b+ 1
（对接焊 大 1 0mm 最大 7 mm mm，但最大 5
缝） mm

h ≤ 0.1 b + 1
Excessive Smooth transition is required between the cap
h ≤ 0.25 b + 1 mm, but h ≤ 0.15 b + 1 mm, mm, but max.
convexity of the weld and the plate surface and/or the
max. 5 mm but max. 4 mm 3 mm
1.9 503 (fillet weld) adjacent welding bead(s) ≥0.5
h≤0.25 b+ 1 mm，但最 h≤0.15 b+ 1 mm，但 h≤0.1 b+ 1
余高超高 余高与板表面和/或相邻焊道之间，要求平
大 5 mm 最大 4 mm mm，但最大 3
（角焊缝） 滑过渡
mm

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

h ≤ 0.1 b + 1
h ≤ 0,6 b + 1 mm h ≤ 0,3 b + 1 mm mm
0.5 to 3
h≤0.6 b+ 1 mm h≤0.3 b+ 1 mm h≤0.1 b+ 1
mm

Excessive
1.11 504 penetration
下塌
h ≤ 0.2 b + 1
h ≤ 1,0 b + 1 mm, but h ≤ 0,45 b + 1 mm, mm, but max.
max. 5 mm but max. 4 mm 3 mm
＞3
h≤1.0 b+ 1 mm，但最 h≤0.45 b+ 1 mm，但 h≤0.2 b+ 1
大5 mm 最大4 mm mm，但最大3
mm

Incorrect — butt welds

1.12 505 ≥0.5 α ≥ 90° α ≥ 110° α ≥150°
weld toe 对接焊缝

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
焊趾不良

Not applicable for the root

不适用于焊根
— fillet welds
角焊缝

≥0.5 α ≥ 90° α ≥ 100° α ≥ 110°

α1 ≥ α and α2 ≥ α

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

Overlap
1.13 506 ≥0.5 h ≤ 0.2 b Not permitted Not permitted
焊瘤

Smooth transition is required

要求平滑过渡。
Short imperfections: h Short imperfections:
0.5 to 3 ≤ 0.25 t h ≤ 0.1 t Not permitted
短偏差：h≤0.25 t 短偏差：h≤0.1 t

Sagging
1.14 509 Short
下垂
Short imperfections: h Short imperfections: imperfections:
≤ 0.25 t, but max. 2 h ≤ 0.1 t, but max. 1 h ≤ 0.05 t, but
＞3 mm mm max. 0.5 mm
短偏差：h≤0.25 t，但 短偏差：h≤0.1 t，但 短 偏 差 ：
最大2 mm 最大1 mm h≤0.05 t，但最
大0.5 mm

Incompletely
511 filled groove
未焊满

Burn through Not permitted

1.15 510 - ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted
烧穿 不允许

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
In cases where an asymmetric fillet weld has
not been prescribed.
除规定非对称角焊缝时。

Excessive
asymmetry of
fillet weld
h ≤ 0.15 aA +
(excessive
h ≤ 0.2 aA + 2 mm h ≤ 0.15 aA + 2 mm 1.5 mm
1.16 512 unequal leg ≥0.5
h≤0.2aA+2 mm h≤0.15aA+2 mm h≤0.15aA+1.5
length)
mm
焊脚不对称
（焊脚长度
不等）

h = |Z1 − Z2|
Short imperfections:
h ≤ 0.1 t + 0.2 mm
Root 0.5 to 3 h ≤ 0.1 t Not permitted
Smooth transition is required. h≤0.1 t+2 mm
1.17 515 concavity 短偏差：h≤0.1 t，
要求平滑过渡。
根部缩沟 Short imperfections: h Short imperfections: Short
＞3
≤ 0.2 t, but max. 2 mm h ≤ 0.1 t, but max. 1 imperfections:

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
短偏差：h≤0.2 t，但最 mm h ≤ 0.05 t, but
大 2 mm 短偏差：h≤0.1 t，但 max. 0.5 mm
最大 1 mm 短 偏 差 ：
h≤0.05 t，但最
大 0.5 mm

Acceptance depends
Spongy formation at the root of a weld due to
on application, e.g.
bubbling of the weld metal at the moment of
Root porosity material, corrosion
1.18 516 solidification (e.g. lack of gas backing) ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted
根部气孔 protection
由于焊接金属在凝固时起泡（如缺乏气体背
验收取决于应用，例
衬），在焊缝根部形成海绵状结构
如材料、防腐

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

Permitted
允许
The limit depends on
the type of
Poor restart
1.19 517 ≥0.5 imperfection which Not permitted Not permitted
接头不良
occurred due to the
restart
局限取决于因复焊而
出现的偏差类型

Not applicable to processes with proof of

greater depth of penetration Short imperfections: h
不适用于熔深较大工艺的证明 Short imperfections:
≤ 0.1 a + 0.2 mm
0.5 to 3 h ≤ 0.2 mm Not permitted
短偏差：h≤0.1a+0.2
短偏差：h≤0.2 mm
mm

Insufficient
throat
1.20 5213
thickness Short imperfections: h Short imperfections:
焊喉不足 ≤ 0.1 a + 0,3 mm, but h ≤ 0.1 a + 0,3 mm,
max. 2 mm but max. 1 mm
＞3 Not permitted
短偏差： 短偏差：
h≤0.1a+0.3mm，但最 h≤0.1a+0.3mm，但
大2 mm 最大1 mm

Excessive The actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is Permitted h ≤ 0.2 a + 1 mm, h ≤ 0.15 a + 1
1.21 5214 ≥0.5
throat too large. 允许 but max. 4 mm mm, but max.

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
thickness 角焊缝的实际焊喉厚度过大。 h≤0.2a+1 mm，但 3 mm
焊喉过厚 最大4 mm h≤0.15a+1
mm，但最大
3 mm

Permitted, if the
properties of the
Stray arc parent metal are not
1.22 601 - ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted
电弧擦伤 affected
如母材性能不受影
响，则允许
Acceptance
depends on
Acceptance depends Acceptance depends
application,
on application, e.g. on application, e.g.
e.g. material,
Spatter material, corrosion material, corrosion
1.23 602 - ≥0.5 corrosion
飞溅 protection protection
protection
验收取决于应用，例 验收取决于应用，
验收取决于
材料、防腐 例材料、防腐
应用，例材
料、防腐
Temper Acceptance depends Acceptance depends Acceptance
colours on application, e.g. on application, e.g. depends on
1.24 610 - ≥0.5
(visible oxide material, corrosion material, corrosion application,
film) protection protection e.g. material,

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回火色（可 验收取决于应用，例 验收取决于应用， corrosion
见氧化膜） 材料、防腐 例材料、防腐 protection
验收取决于
应用，例材
料、防腐
2 Internal imperfections
内部偏差
All types of cracks except microcracks and
Crack crater cracks
2.1 100 ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
裂纹 除微裂纹和弧坑裂纹外，所有其它类型的裂
纹。
Acceptance
depends on
type of parent
Acceptance depends
metal with
on type of parent
particular
metal with particular
A crack usually only visible under the reference to
Microcrack reference to crack
2.2 1001 microscope (≥50 × ) ≥0.5 Permitted crack
微裂纹 sensitivity
仅在显微镜（≥50 倍）下可观察到的裂纹 sensitivity
验收取决于母材的
验收取决于
类型，特别是裂纹
母体金属的
敏感性
类型，特别
是裂纹敏感
性
The following conditions and limits for imperfections shall be fulfilled. See also Annex A for information.
Gas pore 对于偏差，应满足以下条件和限制。有关信息，另见附录A。
Uniformly a1) Maximum dimension of the area of the
For single layer: ≤ For single
distributed imperfections (inclusive of systematic For single layer: ≤
2011 1.5 % layer: ≤ 1 %
2.3 porosity imperfection) related to the projected area. The 2,5 %
2012 单层：≤1.5 % 单层：≤1 %
气孔 porosity in the project area depends on the ≥0.5 单层：≤2.5%
For multi- layer: ≤ For multi-
均匀分布的 numbers of layers (volume of the weld). For multi-layer: ≤ 5 %
3% layer: ≤ 2 %
气孔 与投影面积相关的偏差（包括系统偏差）面 多层：≤5%
多层：≤3 % 多层：≤2 %
积的最大尺寸。投影面积的气孔取决于层数

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
（焊缝体积）。
a2) Maximum dimension of the cross-sectional
area of the imperfections (inclusive of
systematic imperfection) related to the fracture
area (only applicable to test pieces: production
≥0.5 ≤ 2,5 % ≤ 1.5 % ≤ 1.0 %
test, welder or procedure qualification tests)
与断裂区域相关的偏差（包括系统偏差）横
截面积的最大尺寸（仅适用于被检件：生产
检测、焊工或程序资格测试）
d ≤ 0,4 s, but max. 5 d ≤ 0,3 s, but max. 4 d ≤ 0.2 s, but
b) Maximum dimension for a single pore for mm mm max. 3 mm
单个气孔的最大尺寸 d≤0.4 s，但最大5 d≤0.3 s，但最大4 d≤0.2 s，但
— butt welds mm mm 最大3 mm
≥0.5
对接焊缝 d ≤ 0,4 aA, but max. 5 d ≤ 0,3 aA, but max. d ≤ 0.2 aA, but
— fillet welds mm 4 mm max. 3 mm
角焊缝 d≤0.4 aA，但最大 5 d≤0.3 aA，但最大 4 d≤0.2 aA，但
mm mm 最大 3 mm

Clustered
(localized) dA ≤ 15 mm
dA ≤ 25 mm or dA max dA ≤ 20 mm or dA
2.4 2013 porosity ≥0.5 or dA max ≤
≤ wp max ≤ wp
密集型气孔 wp/2
（局部）

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Reference length for lp is 100 mm.

lp的参考长度为：100 mm。
The total gas pore area within the cluster is
represented by a circle of diameter dA
surrounding all the gas pores.
将所有气孔圈在一个圆内（直径为dA），以
此圆面积代表密集型气孔的总面积。
The requirement for a single gas pore shall be
met by all the gas pores within this circle.
该圆内的所有气孔应满足单个气孔的要求。
A permitted porous area shall be local. The
possibility of the pore cluster masking other
imperfections shall be taken into consideration.
允许的多孔区域应为局部区域。应考虑密集
型气孔掩盖其它偏差的可能性。
If D is less than dA1 or dA2, whichever is
smaller, then the total gas pore area is
represented by a circle of diameter dAC, where
dAC = dA1 + dA2 + D.

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
如D＜dA1或dA2（取小值），则总气孔面积
以直径为dAC的圆表示，其中dAC = dA1 + dA2
+ D。
Systematic cluster porosity is not permitted.
不允许有系统密集型气孔。
dA corresponds to dA1, dA2 or dAC, whichever is
applicable.
dA对应dA1、dA2或dAC，取适用值。
h ≤ 0,4 s, but max. 4
mm h ≤ 0,3 s, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 s, but
— butt welds h ≤ 0.4 s，但最大 4 mm max. 2 mm
≥0.5
对接焊缝 mm l ≤ s, but max. 50 l ≤ s, but max.
l ≤ s, but max. 75 mm mm 25 mm
Linear
l ≤ s, 但最大 75 mm
2.5 2014 porosity
h ≤ 0,4 a, but max. 4
链状气孔
mm h ≤ 0,3 a, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 a, but
— fillet welds h ≤ 0.4 a，但最大 4 mm max. 2 mm
≥0.5
角焊缝 mm l ≤ a, but max. 50 l ≤ a, but max.
l ≤ a, but max. 75 mm mm 25 mm
l ≤ a, 但最大 75 mm
Case 1 (D > d2)
气孔 1 （D > d2）

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Case 2 (D < d2) 气孔 2（D < d2）

Reference length for lp is 100 mm.

lp 的参考长度为：100 mm。
For case 1: d1 = h
对于气孔 1：d1 = h
For case 2: d1 + d2 + D = h
对于气孔 2：d1 + d2 + D = h

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
h ≤ 0,4 s, but max. 4
mm h ≤ 0,3 s, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 s, but
— butt welds h ≤ 0.4 s，但最大 4 mm max. 2 mm
≥0.5
对接焊缝 mm l ≤ s, but max. 50 l ≤ s, but max.
Elongated
l ≤ s, but max. 75 mm mm 25 mm
cavity
2015 l ≤ s, 但最大 75 mm
2.6 条形气孔
2016 h ≤ 0,4 a, but max. 4
Worm hole
mm h ≤ 0,3 a, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 a, but
虫形气孔
— fillet welds h ≤ 0.4 a，但最大4 mm max. 2 mm
≥0.5
角焊缝 mm l ≤ a, but max. 50 l ≤ a, but max.
l ≤ a, but max. 75 mm mm 25 mm
l ≤ a, 但最大75 mm
Short imperfections
permitted, but not
breaking of the
surfaces:
允许存在短偏差，但
不得有表面断裂：
Shrinkage
butt welds: h ≤ 0,4 s,
2.7 202 cavity - ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted
but max. 4 mm
缩孔
对接焊缝：h≤0.4 s，
但最大 4 mm
fillet welds: h ≤ 0,4 a,
but max. 4 mm
角焊缝：h≤0.4 a，但
最大 4 mm

Crater pipe
2.8 2024 0.5 to 3 h or l ≤ 0.2 t Not permitted Not permitted
弧坑缩管

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h or l ≤ 0.2 t, but max.

2 mm
＞3 Not permitted Not permitted
h or l ≤ 0.2 t，但最大
4 mm

The larger value of h or l will be measured

将对 h 或 l 的较大值进行测量
Solid h ≤ 0,4 s, but max. 4
inclusion mm h ≤ 0,3 s, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 s, but
300 固体夹杂 — butt welds h ≤ 0.4 s，但最大 4 mm max. 2 mm
≥0.5
301 Slag 对接焊缝 mm l ≤ s, but max. 50 l ≤ s, but max.
inclusion l ≤ s, but max. 75 mm mm 25 mm
熔渣夹杂 l ≤ s, 但最大 75 mm
2.9
Flux h ≤ 0,4 a, but max. 4
inclusion mm h ≤ 0,3 a, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 a, but
302 焊剂夹杂 — fillet welds h ≤ 0.4 a，但最大 4 mm max. 2 mm
≥0.5
303 Oxide 角焊缝 mm l ≤ a, but max. 50 l ≤ a, but max.
inclusion l ≤ a, but max. 75 mm mm 25 mm
氧化物夹杂 l ≤ a, 但最大 75 mm
Metallic ≥0.5
inclusion
h ≤ 0,4 s, but max. 4 h ≤ 0,3 s, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.2 s, but
other than — butt welds
2.10 304 mm mm max. 2 mm
copper 对接焊缝
除铜以外的
金属夹杂
Copper ≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
2.11 3042 inclusion
铜夹杂
Lack of ≥0.5 Short imperfections Not permitted Not permitted
2.12 401
fusion permitted:

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
(incomplete 允许的短偏差：
fusion) butt welds: h ≤ 0,4 s,
未熔合（未 but max. 4 mm
完全熔合） 对接焊缝：h≤0.4 s，
≥0.5 但最大 4 mm
fillet welds: h ≤ 0,4 a
Lack of side- but max. 4 mm
4011 wall fusion 角焊缝：h≤0.4 a，但
侧壁未熔合 最大 4 mm

Lack of inter-
run fusion
4012
焊道内未熔
合

Lack of root
4013 fusion
根部未熔合

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≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted

Short imperfections:
Incomplete
h ≤ 0.2 a, but max. 2
root
4021 mm
penetration
短偏差：h≤0.2 a，但
根部未焊透
最大 2 mm

T-joint (fillet weld)

T-接头（角焊缝）
2.13 ≥0.5

Short imperfections:
Short imperfections:
h ≤ 0.1 s or h ≤ 0.1
Lack of h ≤ 0.2 s or h ≤ 0.2 I,
I, but max. 1.5 mm
402 penetration but max. 2 mm Not permitted
短偏差：h≤0.1s 或
未焊透 短偏差：h≤0.2 s 或 h
h ≤ 0.1 i，但最大
≤ 0.2 i，但最大 2 mm
1.5 mm

T-joint (partial penetration)

T-接头（局部熔透）

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

Butt joint (partial penetration)

对接接头（局部熔透）
≥0.5 Not permitted Not permitted

Butt joint (full penetration)

对接接头（全熔透）

Short imperfections:
h ≤ 0.2 t, but max. 2
mm
短偏差：h≤0.2 t，但
最大 2 mm

T-joint (full penetration)

T-接头（全熔透）
3 Imperfections in joint geometry

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
接头几何形状的偏差
The limits relate to deviations from the correct position. Unless otherwise specified, the correct position is that when the
Linear
centrelines coincide (see also Clause 1). t refers to the smaller thickness.
507 misalignment
限值与偏离正确位置有关。除非另有规定，否则正确的位置为中心线重合时的位置（参见第 1 节）。t 表示较小的
错边
厚度。

Linear
h ≤ 0.1 t + 0.2
misalignment 0.5 to 3 h ≤ 0.25 t + 0.2 mm h ≤ 0.15 t + 0.2 mm
mm
between
5071
plates
板材焊缝错
边
3.1
This applies for longitudinal welds in plates
h ≤ 0.25 t but max. 5 h ≤ 0.15 t, but max. h ≤ 0.1 t, but
and hollow sections ＞3
mm 4 mm max. 3 mm
这适用于板材和空心型材的纵向焊缝

Linear
misalignment h ≤ 0.5 t, but max. 4
between mm h ≤ 0.5 t, but max. 3 h ≤ 0.5 t, but
5072 ≥0.5
tubes h ≤ 0.5 t 但最大 5 mm max. 2 mm
管子接头错 mm
边
This applies for circumferential welds in tubes
and hollow sections
这适用于管子和空心型材的环焊缝
Incorrect root Gap between the parts to be joined. Gaps h ≤ 0.1 aA +
0.5 to 3 h ≤ 0.1 aA + 0.5 mm h ≤ 0.1 aA + 0,3 mm
3.2 617 gap for fillet exceeding the appropriate limit may, in certain 0.2 mm
welds cases, be compensated for by a corresponding ＞3 h ≤ 0,3 aA + 1 mm, but h ≤ 0.2 aA + 0.5 mm, h ≤ 0.1 aA +

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
角焊缝根部 increase in the throat thickness. max. 4 mm but max. 3 mm 0.5 mm, but
间隙不良 待连接件之间的间隙。在某些情况下，超过 h ≤ 0,3 aA + 1 mm, 但 max. 2 mm
适当限度的间隙可以通过相应增加焊喉厚度 最大 4 mm
来补偿。

4 Multiple imperfections
多个偏差
502 Excess weld metal 503 Excessive
convexity 504 Excessive penetration, 505
Multiple Incorrect weld toe, 506 Overlap, 512 Excessive
imperfections asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal
Not permitted
in any cross- leg length) and 5214 Excessive throat thickness Not permitted
Maximum total height Not permitted
section which are excluded Maximum
of imperfections: Maximum total
None reduce the 不包括： 0.5 to 3 total height of
4.1 Σ h ≤ 0,4 t or ≤ 0,4 a height of
无 cross-section 502 余高超高 ＞3 imperfections:
不允许 imperfections:
在任意横截 503 余高超高 Σ h ≤ 0.2 t or
偏差的最大总高度： Σ h ≤ 0,3 t or ≤ 0,3 a
面上存在多 504 下塌 ≤ 0.2 a
∑h≤0.4 t 或≤0.4 a
个缺陷，使 505 焊趾不良
横截面减小 506 焊瘤
512 焊脚不对称（焊脚长度不等），以及
5214焊喉过厚

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 = Σh

h1 + h2 + h3 = Σh
Case 1 (D > l3)
Projected or
cross-
sectional area
in
None
4.2 longitudinal ≥0.5 Σ h × l ≤ 16 % Σ h ×l ≤ 8 % Σ h ×l ≤ 4 %
无
direction
纵向上的投
影或横截面
积
ℎ1× 𝑙1+ ℎ2× 𝑙2+ ℎ3× 𝑙3=𝛴ℎ × 𝑙
Case 2 (D < l3)

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

ℎ2 + ℎ3
ℎ1 × 𝑙1 + ℎ2 × 𝑙2 + ( ) × 𝐷 + ℎ3 × 𝑙3
2
= 𝛴ℎ × 𝑙
The sum of the areas Σ h × l shall be calculated
as a percentage to the evaluation area lp × wp
(case 1).
应按评估面积（lp × wp）的百分比计算（情
况 1）面积总和 Σ h × l。
If D is smaller than the shorter length of one of
the neighbouring imperfections, the full
connection of the two imperfections shall be
applied to the sum of imperfections (case 2).
如果D小于相邻偏差中的较短长度，则偏差
之和应为两个偏差的累加（情况2）。
See also Annex A for information.
有关信息，另见附录 A。

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

Annex A (informative)
附录 A（资料性附录）
Examples of determination of percentage (%) porosity
气孔百分比（%）测定示例
Figures A.1 to A.9 give a presentation of different percentage porosities. This should assist the assessment of
porosity on projected areas (radiographs) or cross-sectional areas.
图 A.1 至 A.9 给出了不同气孔百分比的示例。这应有助于评估投影区域（射线底片）或横截面区域的
气孔。

Figure A.1 — 1 surface per cent, 15 pores, d = 1 mm

1% 表面积、15 个气孔、d = 1 mm

Figure A.2 — 1.5 surface per cent, 23 pores, d = 1 mm

1.5% 表面积、23 个气孔、d = 1 mm

Figure A.3 — 2 surface per cent, 30 pores, d = 1 mm

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
2% 表面积、30 个气孔、d =1 mm

Figure A.4 — 2,5 surface per cent, 38 pores, d = 1 mm

2.5% 表面积、38 个气孔、d = 1 mm

Figure A.5 — 3 surface per cent, 45 pores, d = 1 mm

3% 表面积、45 个气孔、d = 1 mm

Figure A.6 — 4 surface per cent, 61 pores, d = 1 mm

4% 表面积、61 个气孔、d = 1 mm

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

Figure A.7 — 5 surface per cent, 76 pores, d = 1 mm

5% 表面积、76 个气孔、d = 1 mm

Figure A.8 — 8 surface per cent, 122 pores, d = 1 mm

8% 表面积、122 个气孔、d = 1 mm

Figure A.9 — 16 surface per cent, 244 pores, d = 1 mm

16% 表面积、244 个气孔、d = 1 mm

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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
Annex B (informative)
附录B（资料性附录）
Additional criteria for welds in steel subject to fatigue
承受疲劳钢焊缝的附加标准
B1. General
概述
This annex gives additional criteria to meet fatigue class (FAT) levels.
本附录提供了满足疲劳等级（FAT）水平的附加标准。
In several areas of application, the codes refer to mean minus two standard deviations, which
corresponds to a survival probability of 97,7 %. Referring to a survival probability of 95 % at a two-
sided confidence level of the mean of 75 % (one-sided 87,5 %, sometimes 95 %), considering the usual
scatter of fatigue tests, the difference in terms of stress is less than 2 % and thus may be neglected.
在一些应用领域，代码指的是平均值减去两个标准差，这相当于97.7 %的存活概率。如果以平
均值 75% 的双侧置信度（单侧置信度为 87.5%，有时为 95%）来计算 95% 的存活概率，考
虑到疲劳测试的通常分散性，应力方面的差异小于 2%，因此可以忽略不计。
For welds subject to fatigue load, Table 1 should be supplemented with additional criteria according to
B.2 to B.5.
对于受疲劳载荷影响的焊缝，应根据B.2至B.5的规定，用附加标准补充表1。
B2. Quality levels
质量等级
The additional criteria for quality levels B and C is to adjust the limits for imperfections to FAT 90 for
quality level B, giving B90, and FAT 63 for quality level C, giving C63.
质量等级B和C的附加标准是将质量等级B的偏差限值调整为FAT 90，为B90，质量等级C的偏差
限值调整为FAT 63，为C63。
A quality level B125 representing FAT 125 is represented by additional criteria to level B for some
imperfections. Level B125 is generally not achieved as welded.
质量等级B125代表FAT 125，对于某些偏差，用B等级的附加标准表示。B125级通常不会在焊接
时达到。
Fillet welds are excluded from level B125.
角焊缝不属于B125级。
Annex B does not apply to level D.
附录B不适用于D级。
Additional criteria do not apply to Level D.
附加标准不适用于D级。
NOTE Level C63 covers FAT 63 and lower, level B90 covers FAT 90 and lower, and level B125 covers
FAT 125 and lower.
注：C63级涵盖FAT 63及以下，B90级涵盖FAT 90及以下，B125级涵盖FAT 125及以下。
Table B.1 contains additional criteria for levels C and B for welds subject to fatigue load. In the column
for level B125, additional criteria to level B are presented. If no limits are presented, level B125 equals
the level B.
表B.1包含受疲劳载荷影响的焊缝C级和B级的附加标准。在B125级一栏中，给出了B级的附加标
准。如果没有限制，则B125级等于B级。
B3. Smooth transition
光滑过渡
For smooth transition in Table 1, the transition radius according to Table B.1, 1.12, applies.
对于表1中的光滑过渡，适用表B.11.12中的过渡半径。
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
B4. Partial penetration butt welds and fillet welds
局部熔透对接焊缝和角焊缝
For partial penetration butt welds and fillet welds, the designed value of penetration should be
considered together with the limits for imperfection to apply to the respective quality level.
对于局部熔透对接焊缝和角焊缝，应考虑熔透的设计值以及适用于相应质量等级的偏差限值。
NOTE If no value for the penetration is present, limits for imperfections can be disregarded since the
fatigue life will be governed by the design root crack.
注：如果不存在熔透值，则可以忽略偏差限制，因为疲劳寿命将由设计根部裂纹决定。
For the quality levels to apply to FAT, the penetration depth of the inner side of the weld (root side),
which is governed by information on the drawing, should be determined by appropriate analysis
methods and in later stages assessed using inspection.
为使质量等级适用于 FAT，应根据图纸信息确定焊缝内侧（根部）的熔透深度，并采用适当的
分析方法，在后期阶段通过检验进行评估。
B5. Designation
指定
To indicate that the quality criteria include the criteria in Annex B, the designation for levels B and C is
supplemented with the character FAT.
为了表明质量标准包括附录B中的标准，B级和C级的名称补充了FAT字符。
EXAMPLE 1 ISO 5817-C63.
例1 ISO 5817-C63。
EXAMPLE 2 ISO 5817-B90.
例2 ISO 5817-B90。
Table B.1 — Additional criteria to Table 1 for welds subject to fatigue load
表 1 中承受疲劳载荷焊缝的附加标准
Referen Limits for imperfections for quality levels
ce to Imperfection designation 与质量等级对应偏差的限值
No. t mm
ISO 偏差描述
C 63c B 90c B 125
6520-1
Micro lack of fusion
1.5 401 ≥ 0.5 a a a
微观未熔合
Continuous undercut
5011 连续咬边
1.7 >3 a a Not permitted
5012 Intermittent undercut
断续咬边
Shrinkage groove
1.8 5013 >3 a a Not permitted
缩沟
Excess weld metal (butt
h ≤ 0.2 mm + 0.1 b,
1.9 502 weld) ≥ 0.5 a a
max. 2 mm
余高超高（对接焊缝）
Excessive convexity (fillet
1.10 503 weld) ≥ 0.5 a a b
余高超高（角焊缝）
h ≤ 0.2 mm + 0.05
0.5 to 3 a a
Excessive penetration b
1.11 504
下塌 h ≤ 0.2 mm + 0.05
>3 a a
b, but max. 1 mm
Incorrect weld toe, weld toe
1.12 505 ≥ 0.5 a a a
angle for fillet welds
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
焊趾不良，对应角焊缝的
焊趾角度
Incorrect weld toe, weld toe
radius
焊趾不良，焊趾半径

— 5052 >3 b r ≥ 1 mm r ≥ 4 mm

Sagging
509 下垂
1.14 >3 a a Not permitted
511 Incompletely filled groove
未焊满
Excessive asymmetry of
fillet weld (excessive
1.16 512 unequal leg length) ≥ 0.5 a a b
焊脚不对称（焊脚长度不
等）
Root concavity
1.17 515 >3 a a Not permitted
根部缩沟
Spatter
1.23 602 ≥ 0.5 a a Not permitted
飞溅
For single layer: ≤
1%
单层：≤1 %
Gas pore
for multi-layer: ≤
Uniformly distributed
2011 2%
2.3 porosity ≥ 0.5 a a
2012 多层：≤2 %
气孔
d ≤ 0.1 s, max. 1
均匀分布的气孔
mm
d ≤ 0.1 s，最大值
1mm
≤ 3 %d
Clustered (localized) ≤ 2 %d
d ≤ 0.2 s,
2.4 2013 porosity ≥ 0.5 a d ≤ 0.1 s, max. 0.5
d ≤ 0.2 a,
密集型气孔（局部） mm
d ≤ 2,5 mm
For single layer: ≤
1 %d
单层：≤1 %d
Linear porosity for multi- layer: ≤
2.5 2014 ≥ 0.5 a a
链状气孔 2 %d
多层：≤2 %d
d ≤ 0.1 s, max. 1
mm
Elongation cavity h ≤ 0.2 s or 0.2
2015
2.6 条形气孔 ≥ 0.5 a a, max. h = 2 a
2016
Worm hole mm
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)
虫形气孔 as welded:
max. l = 2,5
mm;
stress relieved:
l ≤ 20 mm
h ≤ 0.2 s或0.2
a, 最大h = 2
mm
焊接时：最大
值。l =
2.5mm；
去应力：l ≤
20 mm
Solid inclusion h ≤ 0.2 s or 0.2
固体夹杂 a，max. h = 2
300 Slag inclusion mm
301 熔渣夹杂 as welded:
2.9 ≥ 0.5 a Not permitted
302 Flux inclusion max. l = 2,5
303 焊剂夹杂 mm
Oxide inclusion stress relieved:
氧化物夹杂 l ≤ 20 mm
Linear misalignment
h ≤ 0.1 t h ≤ 0.05 t，max.
5071 between plates ≥ 0.5 a
max. 3 mm 1.5 mm
板材焊缝错边
Linear misalignment
between tubes (this applies
3.1
for circumferential welds in
h ≤ 0.5 t
5072 tubes and hollow sections) ≥ 0.5 a a
max. 1 mm
管子接头错边（这适用于
管子和空心型材的环焊
缝）
Angular misalignment b
3.3 508 ≥ 0.5 β ≤ 2° β ≤ 1° β ≤ 1°
角度偏差
Same values as given for quality levels B and C, respectively, in Table 1.
a
与表1中分别给出的质量等级B和C的值相同。
Not specified.
b
未指定。
Values identical with IIW-Doc. XIII-2323–10. The values are proved by IIW for a material thickness
of 10 mm and above. Lower material thicknesses may be applicable.
c
值与IIW文档 XIII-2323–10相同。对10mm及以上的材料厚度，IIW证明了这些值。较低的材料
厚度也可能适用。
The limit of imperfection corresponds to the ratio between the sum of the different pore areas and
the evaluation area. If the distance between two pore areas is less than the diameter of the smallest
pore area, an envelope surrounding both pore areas is relevant as one area of imperfection. If the
distance between two pores is smaller than the diameter of one of the neighbouring pores, the full
d
connected area of two pores is the sum of the imperfection areas.
偏差极限对应于不同气孔面积之和与评定面积之比。如果两个气孔区域之间的距离＜最小气
孔区域的直径，则两个气孔区域周围的包络被视为一个偏差区域。如果两个气孔之间的距离
小于其中一个相邻气孔的直径，则偏差面积的总和为两个气孔的全部连接面积。
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 ISO 5817:2023(E)

Bibliography
参考文献
1) ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes — Symbolic representation on drawings — Welded joints
ISO 2553 焊接及相关工艺 图纸上的符号表示 焊接接头
2) ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
ISO 4063 焊接和相关工艺 工艺术语和参考号
3) ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic
materials — Part 1: Fusion welding
ISO 6520-1 焊接及相关工艺 金属材料几何偏差的分类 第 1 部分：熔焊
4) ISO 8501-3, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas with
surface imperfections
ISO 8501-3 在涂刷涂料和相关产品之前对钢材基底进行准备 表面清洁度的目视评估 第3部分：
焊缝、边缘和其它有表面偏差区域的制备等级
5) ISO 13919-1, Electron and laser-beam welded joints — Requirements and recommendations on quality
levels for imperfections — Part 1: Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
ISO 13919-1，电子束和激光束焊接接头 偏差质量等级的要求和建议 第1部分：钢、镍、钛及其
合金
6) ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials
ISO 17635，焊缝无损检测 金属材料的通用规则
7) IIW-Catalogue. Reference radiographs for the assessment of weld imperfections in accordance with
ISO 5817. Düsseldorf: DVS Media Verlag
IIW目录 根据ISO 5817评定焊接偏差的参考射线底片 杜塞尔多夫：DVS Media Verlag
8) Hobbacher, A., ed. Recommendations for fatigue design of welded joints and components. IIW
document XIII-1823-0. Welding Research Council New York, WRC-Bulletin 520, 2009
Hobbacher，A.主编。焊接接头和部件疲劳设计建议。IIW文件XIII-1823-0。纽约焊接研究委员
会，WRC公告5202009
9) Hobbacher, A., Kassner, M. On relation between fatigue properties of welded joints, quality criteria
and groups in ISO 5817. IIW-document XIII-2323-10
Hobbacher，A.，Kassner，M. 关于ISO 5817中焊接接头疲劳性能、质量标准和组之间的关系。
IIW文件XIII-2323-10
10) Karlsson, N., Lenander, P.H. Analysis of fatigue life in two weld class systems. Master thesis in Solid
Mechanics, LITH-IKP-EX-05/2302-SE, Linköpings University, Sweden, 2005
Karlsson，N.，Lenander，P.H. 两种焊接等级系统的疲劳寿命分析。固体力学硕士论文，LITH-
IKP-EX-05/2302-SE，瑞典林克平大学，2005年

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