HÒA BÌNH
I. LISTENING (50 Ps)
Part 1 (10 pts). You will hear an interview with Simon Hemmings, who works as a fight
director in the theater. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) according to what you hear.
1. According to Simon, during a fight scene, the audience should
A. feel the actors are really in danger.
B. see that the swords are not real.
C. be totally involved in the play itself.
D. be aware of the safety measures he adopts.
2. When casting the play, the theater was looking for actors who had
A. previous experience of fighting on stage.
B. familiarity with the design of the theater.
C. a willingness to learn a new set of skills.
D. previous training in how to handle a sword.
3. What does Simon say the actors must do during the performance?
A. improvise to cover up their mistakes.
B. adhere closely to the agreed fight text.
C. help colleagues who forget their lines.
D. involve the audience as much as possible.
4. Simon was particularly concerned that the fight scenes in this play might become
A. repetitive. B. ridiculous C. inauthentic. D. inelegant.
5. According to Simon, fight scene on stage should not
A. become too violent.
B. appear over-practised.
C. be taken too seriously.
D. actually upset people.
Part 2 (10 pts). You will hear part of a talk about the invention of a microwave oven. Listen
and answer the following questions.
1. How can radar detect enemy aircraft?
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2. What food was used in Percy Spencer’s first experiment?
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3. Where was the first microwave oven set up in Britain in 1946?
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4. What did the name of the first commercial microwave, Radarange, come from?
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5. Why did the microwave produced in the 1960s become so popular to consumers?
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Part 3. Listen and mark each of the following statements TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). (10 ps)
1. Stan Leach is a member of a sport club specializing in adventure sports
2. Walking is the most popular outdoors activity in Britain
3. Climbing is a terrifying sport even when you are experienced.
4. Stan went on a day- climb on his own in Scotland.
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5. You do not need to pay a huge amount of money if you want to take up mountain biking.
Part 4. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
(20 ps)
Questions 1- 5:
Manufacturing in the English Midlands
In the eighteenth century, the (1) _____________________ still determined how most
people made a living
In the ground were minerals which supported the many
(2) _____________________ of the region.
Since the late sixteenth century the French settlers had made
(3) _____________________.
In Cheshire (4) _____________________ was mined and transported on the river Mersey.
Potters worked in a few (5) _____________________ situated on the small hills of the
North Staffordshire.
Questions 6-10:
Pottery notes
Earthenware
Advantages:
potters used (6) _____________________ clay
saved money on (7) _____________________
Disadvantages:
needed two firings in the kiln to be (8) _________________
fragile led to high (9) _____________________ during manufacturing
Stoneware
more expensive but better.
made from a (10) _____________________ of clay and flint
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30Ps)
1. Write the correct form of each word in brackets in the numbered spaces provided in the
column on the right. (0) has been done as an example. (15ps)
FOOD MILES
In Britain, what is described as ‘food miles’, the distance which food
is transported from the place where it is grown to its point of sale, continues
to rise. This has major (0. ECONOMY) , social and environmental 0. economic
consequences, given the traffic congestion and pollution which (1.
VARIABLE) follow. 1. …………....
According to (2. PRESS) groups, the same amount of food is
travelling 50% further than twenty years ago. What’s more, the rise in the 2. …………….
demand for road haulage over this period has mostly been due to the transport
of food and drink. The groups assert that the increase in the number of lorry
journeys is (3. EXCEED) and that many of these are far from (4. ESSENCE). 3. …………….
In the distribution systems employed by British food (5. RETAIL), 4. …………….
fleets of lorries bring all goods into more (6. CENTRE) located warehouses 5. …………….
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for redistribution across the country. (7. LOGIC) as this might appear, the 6. …………….
situation whereby some goods get sent back to the same areas from which 7. …………….
they came is (8. AVOID).
In response to scathing (9. CRITIC) from environmentalists, some 8. …………….
food distributors now aim to minimize the impact of food miles by routing 9. …………….
vehicles, wherever possible, on motorways after dark. This encourages
greater energy (10. EFFICIENT) whilst also reducing the impact on the
residential areas through which they would otherwise pass. 10. ……….......
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
2. Circle one of the words marked A, B, C, or D which best completes the sentence. (15ps)
1. It was Alice’s year: a new home, a better job – everything just clicked into _______.
A. place B. position C. space D. spot
2. Tickets cost a ______ $6, which for three hours of music is great value for money.
A. few B. bit C. mere D. small
3. They are fighting to eradicate the ________ of starvation caused by the civil war.
A. leaving B. legacy C. remains D. tradition
4. The teenager took his father’s credit card and ________ 7,000 dollars’ worth of purchases.
A. made up B. took up C. put up D. ran up
5. The old man led a _____ existence after he left and refused even to see his children.
A. reclusive B. deserted C. remote D. vacant
6. Mercedes is so _______ that, in such a large class, I expect you’ve barely had time to notice
her.
A. self-critical B. self-absorbed C. self-effacing D. egotistical
7. The restaurant is popular with film stars and the _______.
A. like B. same C. similar D. such
8. He just managed to survive by the skin of his ________
A. ears B. nose C. teeth D. tongue
9. As a poet, I think she ________ comparison with the greatest this century.
A. makes B. stands C. leads D. matches
10. The painting bears a __________ resemblance to El Greco's earlier works.
A. heated B. fine C. striking D. comparable
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
III. READING ( 60ps)
1. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one suitable word. (15 ps)
Agriculture is the world’s most important industry. It provides us with (1)……. all our
food. It also supplies (2)………for two other basic human needs - clothing and shelter. In
addition, agriculture provides materials (3)………..in making many industrial products, such as
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paints and medicines. About half the world’s workers are employed in agriculture far more than
(4)………… any other industry.
Agriculture is one of the world’s oldest industries. It began about 10,000 years ago in the
Middle East. (5) ……….. that time, certain Middle Eastern tribes had discovered how to grow
plants from seeds and how to raise animals in captivity. (6) ………… mastered these skills, they
could begin to practice agriculture.
Before the development of agriculture, people got all their food by gathering wild plants,
hunting, and fishing. They had to search for food continually, (7)………. left them little time for
other activities. But as agriculture developed and farm (8) …….. increased, fewer people were
needed to produce food. The non-farmers could then develop the arts, crafts, trades and other
activities of civilized life. Agriculture (9) ……… not only greatly most the food supply but also
(10)……….. civilization possible.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
II. Read the following passage and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each sentence.
(15ps)
Work on the human brain has indicated how different parts are centres of activity for different
skills, feelings, perceptions and so on. It has also been shown that the left and right halves, or
hemispheres, of the brain are (1) ……….... for different functions. While language is processed
in the left, or analytical hemisphere, for most people music is processed in the right, or emotional
hemisphere. However, professional musicians have the (2) ……... to process music in the left
hemisphere more often than those without musical training do. This (3) …... they are having a
different experience – which is likely to be the case because they are analysing music rather than
just listening to it. (4) …... of music like tone, pitch and melody are all probably processed in
different parts of the brain. Some features of musical experience are processed not just in the
auditory parts of the brain, but in the visual ones. We don’t yet fully understand the (5) …….. of
this. The tempo of music seems to be (6) ………... related to its emotional impact, with fast
music often (7) ………... as happier and slower music as sadder. It is the same with the major
biological rhythm of the body: our heart (8) ……….. quickens when we’re happy, but slows
when we’re sad. Military music may have (9) ………... from attempts to get us ready for (10)
….. by using fast drumming to stimulate our hearts to beat faster. Music is perhaps one of the
most complex experiences the brain copes with and it has become an absolutely vital part of our
rituals and ceremonies. It has power beyond language to communicate mood and co-ordinate our
emotional states.
1. A amenable B dependable C responsible D reliable
2. A tendency B inclination C possibility D intention
3. A proposes B advances C introduces D suggests
4. A Views B Aspects C Factors D Pieces
5. A expectations B implications C assumptions D propositions
6. A surely B plainly C evidently D directly
7. A felt B endured C encountered D touched
8. A pulse B speed C pace D rate
9. A evolved B extended C advanced D elevated
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10. A battle B fight C quarrel D struggle
III. Read the following passage (15ps)
PAINTERS OF TIME
‘The world’s fascination with the mystique of Australian Aboriginal art.’
Emmanuel de Roux
A The works of Aboriginal artists are now much in demand throughout the world, and not
just in Australia, where they are already fully recognised: the National Museum of Australia,
which opened in Canberra in 2001, designated 40% of its exhibition space to works by
Aborigines. In Europe their art is being exhibited at a museum in Lyon, France, while the future
Quai Branly museum in Paris – which will be devoted to arts and civilisations of Africa, Asia,
Oceania and the Americas – plans to commission frescoes by artists from Australia.
B Their artistic movement began about 30 years ago, but its roots go back to time
immemorial. All the works refer to the founding myth of the Aboriginal culture, ‘the Dreaming’.
That internal geography, which is rendered with a brush and colours, is also the expression of the
Aborigines’ long quest to regain the land which was stolen from them when Europeans arrived in
the nineteenth century. ‘Painting is nothing without history,’ says one such artist, Michael Nelson
Tjakamarra.
C There are now fewer than 400,000 Aborigines living in Australia. They have been
swamped by the country’s 17.5 million immigrants. These original ‘natives’ have been living in
Australia for 50,000 years, but they were undoubtedly maltreated by the newcomers. Driven back
to the most barren lands or crammed into slums on the outskirts of cities, the Aborigines were
subjected to a policy of ‘assimilation’, which involved kidnapping children to make them better
‘integrated’ into European society, and herding the nomadic Aborigines by force into settled
communities.
D It was in one such community, Papunya, near Alice Springs, in the central desert, that
Aboriginal painting first came into its own. In 1971, a white schoolteacher, Geoffrey Bardon,
suggested to a group of Aborigines that they should decorate the school walls with ritual motifs,
so as to pass on to the younger generation the myths that were starting to fade from their
collective memory. He gave them brushes, colours and surfaces to paint on – cardboard and
canvases. He was astounded by the result. But their art did not come like a bolt from the blue: for
thousands of years Aborigines had been ‘painting’ on the ground using sands of different colours,
and on rock faces. They had also been decorating their bodies for ceremonial purposes. So there
existed a formal vocabulary.
E This had already been noted by Europeans. In the early twentieth century, Aboriginal
communities brought together by missionaries in northern Australia had been encouraged to
reproduce on tree bark the motifs found on rock faces. Artists turned out a steady stream of
works, supported by the churches, which helped to sell them to the public, and between 1950 and
1960 Aboriginal paintings began to reach overseas museums. Painting on bark persisted in the
north, whereas the communities in the central desert increasingly used acrylic paint, and
elsewhere in Western Australia women explored the possibilities of wax painting and dyeing
processes, known as ‘batik’.
F What Aborigines depict are always elements of the Dreaming, the collective history that
each community is both part of and guardian of. The Dreaming is the story of their origins, of
their ‘Great Ancestors’, who passed on their knowledge, their art and their skills (hunting,
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medicine, painting, music and dance) to man. ‘The Dreaming is not synonymous with the
moment when the world was created,’ says Stephane Jacob, one of the organisers of the Lyon
exhibition. ‘For Aborigines, that moment has never ceased to exist. It is perpetuated by the cycle
of the seasons and the religious ceremonies which the Aborigines organise. Indeed the aim of
those ceremonies is also to ensure the permanence of that golden age. The central function of
Aboriginal painting, even in its contemporary manifestations, is to guarantee the survival of this
world. The Dreaming is both past, present and future.’
G Each work is created individually, with a form peculiar to each artist, but it is created
within and on behalf of a community who must approve it. An artist cannot use a ‘dream’ that
does not belong to his or her community, since each community is the owner of its dreams, just
as it is anchored to a territory marked out by its ancestors, so each painting can be interpreted as a
kind of spiritual road map for that community.
H ‘By exporting their paintings as though they were surfaces of their territory, by
accompanying them to the temples of western art, the Aborigines have redrawn the map of their
country, into whose depths they were exiled,’ says Yves Le Fur, of the Quai Branly museum.
‘Masterpieces have been created. Their undeniable power prompts a dialogue that has proved all
too rare in the history of contacts between the two cultures’.
Question 1-6: The passage has nine paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for
paragraphs A-F from the list of headings, i-viii, below.
List of Headings
i Amazing results from a project
ii New religious ceremonies
iii Community art centres
iv Early painting techniques and marketing systems
v Mythology and history combined
vi The increasing acclaim for Aboriginal art
vii Belief on continuity
viii Oppression of a minority people
1. Paragraph A __________
2. Paragraph B __________
3. Paragraph C __________
4. Paragraph D __________
5. Paragraph E __________
6. Paragraph F __________
Question 7-10: Complete the flow chart below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS from the passage for each answer.
For (7) __________, Aborigines produced ground and rock paintings.
â
Early twentieth century: churches first prompted the use of (8) __________ for paintings.
â
Mid-twentieth century: Aboriginal paintings were seen in (9) __________.
â
Early 1970s: Aborigines painted traditional patterns on (10) __________ in one community.
4. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions. (15 ps)
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GENETICS
In the 1860s, an Austrian botanist and monk named Gregor Mendel began studying the
characteristics of pea plants. Specifically, he was interested in the way in which pea plants
passed on their characteristics to their offspring. Mendel chose to work with pea plants because
they are not self-pollinating. Unlike some plants, pea plants are distinctly male or female, and
require the presence of a pea plant of the opposite sex for pollination. In this way, they are
roughly analogous to humans and all other mammals, and it is for this reason that Mendel chose
to study them.
In his experiments, Mendel selected seven distinct traits in pea plants: such as plants
producing round seeds versus those producing wrinkled seeds, or tall plants versus short plants.
Mendel then spent years breeding plants with different combinations of traits and observing the
results. What he concluded was that each trait is controlled by a gene which is passed down by
parents. For example, there is gene for pea plants with round seeds and one for plants with
wrinkled seeds. Mendel also concluded that a new pea plant must inherit a full set of genes from
each of its parents. In cases, where a plant inherited the gene for round seeds from one parent and
the gene for wrinkled seeds from the other, the new plants would have round seeds. This led
Mendel to conclude that some genes are dominant and others are recessive. Characteristics which
are controlled by recessive genes, like wrinkle seeds in pea plants, only surface if an organism
inherits the recessive gene from both of its parents.
Although it was greatly expanded upon in the 20 th century, Mendel’s basis theory has
stood up to more than one hundred years of scientific scrutiny, and a whole field of scientific
study, genetics, has arisen around it. It is now known that Mendel’s genes are actually long
strands of a complex. Molecule called DNA. Each gene carries instructions for the production of
a certain protein. , and it is these proteins which determine the traits of an organism. We also
know that genes are transmitted in structures called chromosomes, long chains of genes. Humans
have 46 chromosomes, receiving 23 from their mother and 23 from their father. Actually each set
of 23 is basically a complete genetic package, but since some genes are dominant and some are
recessive, the redundancy events out.
Mendel’s observations led him to a simple and elegant theory heredity, but while the basis
of his theory will stand, reality has not proven to be quite as simple as theory. Any living
organism has thousands of genes. For example, fruit flies have about 13,000 sets of genes, and
humans have somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 adding to the complexity implied by the
sheer numbers of genes is the fact that many traits are polygenic; that is, they are controlled by a
combination of tens or even hundreds of genes, rather than by a single gene as Mendel had
envisioned. So while his experiments produced black and white results (a pea plant had either
round or wrinkled seeds), the interactions of genes in determining traits are often not so
straightforward, and there may be hundreds or thousands of possible outcomes.
Genetics has had a huge impact on the first years of the 21 st century. While earlier
scientists were largely limited to investigating the genes of organisms and classifying which
genes controlled which traits, recent advances in chemistry and molecular biology have actually
allowed scientists to begin to alter those genes. The implications of this development are nearly
infinite. While still in its infancy, this new science, called genetic engineering, has allowed
scientists to change organisms in fundamental ways. Scientists can now deactivate harmful
genes, promote the function of useful genes, or introduce foreign genes into an organism to
produce an entirely new trait.
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1. According to paragraph 1, Mendel’s reason for choosing pea plants for his experiments was
that ________
A. they were easier to breed than other types of plants
B. their method of reproduction was similar to that of mammals
C. they passed interesting characteristics to their offspring
D. he was interested in studying why some plants are self-pollinating
2. The phrase “the other” in the passage refers to ________
A. trait B. seed C. gene set D. parent
3. According to the information in paragraph 2, what led Mendel to conclude that some genes
were recessive?
A. In some cases, pea plants completely failed to inherit characteristics from their parents.
B. Some of his pea plants produced seeds that were progressively more and more wrinkled.
C. Some characteristics only seemed to surface if both parents had that characteristic.
D. In some cases, his pea plants did not seem to inherit a full set of genes from each parent.
4. The word “scrutiny” in the passage is closet in meaning to ________
A. investigation B. opposition C. application D. theory
5. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as supplements to Mendel’s original theory
EXCEPT _________
A. an explanation of how some genes dominate others
B. the chemical description of genes
C. the counting of genes and gene grouping in organisms
D. the manipulation of genes to produce specific traits
6. According to paragraph 3, what is ultimately responsible for the production of specific traits
in an organism?
A. The replication of chromosomes
B. The production of proteins within the organism
C. The use of proteins to create DNA in the organism
D. The structural complexity of the DNA molecule
7. According to paragraph 4, what fact complicates Mendel’s theory?
A. The fact that many traits are controlled by several genes
B. The fact that the exact numbers of genes for organism are uncertain
C. The fact that organisms can have very different numbers of genes
D. The fact that Mendel had only thought in black and white terms
8. Based on the information in paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the genetic make up of
organisms?
A. Humans have the highest number of genes that are polygenic.
B. Their traits are actually impossible to predict.
C. Only organisms that lack polygenetic traits are properly understood.
D. More advanced organisms generally have higher numbers of gene sets.
9. The word “envisioned” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______
A. imagined B. required C. represented D. tested
10. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. According to Mendel, traits were passed down through genes, which could either be recessive
or dominant.
B. Mendel’s basic theory has proved to be very complicated.
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C. Humans have 46 long chains of genes.
D. Thanks to genetics engineering, scientists can now make fundamental changes to organisms.
IV. WRITING (60ps)
1. Summarize the passage in not more than 120 words (10ps).
All snakes are hunters and predators, feeding on the animals and sometimes their eggs. Having
no limbs, snakes cannot hold their preys down to bite; hence they usually swallow them whole.
Poisonous snakes sometimes do immobilizetheir preys with their venom to make consumption
easier.
Most poisonous snakes are conspicuously colored to warn others off. One example is the
redheaded krait which has a bluish-black body and scarlet head and tail. Snakes like the cobras,
which have less outstanding body colors, display their fatality by lifting the front part of their
body and spreading their hoods.
It is truly a myth that poisonous snakes attack humans for food. Humans can never be their
targets for food as we are normally too large for them to swallow. in cases where snakes do bite,
these attacks are usually defensive ones and the venom injected is normally little or sometimes
even none. The full, fatal dose of the venom is only released on smaller animals which the snakes
can swallow easily. Besides helping in the killing and immobilizing of their preys, the poison
also acts as digestive agents for snakes.
Why then is the venom so deadly ? In general, there are three kinds of poisons in the venom,
though in varying amounts, depending on the type of snake in question. Venoms usually contain
substances that weaken the blood corpuscles and the lining of the blood vessels. Profuse
bleeding, often a common result of snake-bites, is caused by the anticoagulants present in the
poison which prevents blood clotting. The paralysis of the heart and respiratory muscles is
performed by the nervous system attacking toxins.
Though these bites are deadly, certain actions can be taken to slow down the spread of the
venom, hence saving the victim's life. Attempting to incise and suck at the spot of the bite is
more likely to be harmful than a cure. The poisonous venom usually travels fast into the body
upon being released; hence sucking at the mouth of the wound will not help remove the poison,
rather, incising the bite may lead the victim to great pain and further profuse bleeding. Instead, a
broad, firm crepe bandage should be applied over the would and up the full limb to compress the
tissues and prevent the spread of the venom. After which, the victim must be duly sent to the
hospital for professional treatment.
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2. Describe the information in the table in about 150 words (20ps)
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3. Essay writing (30ps)
Parents should not apply corporal punishment on their children.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience in an essay of about 250 words.
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THE END
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