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User's Perception of Public Space at Malioboro Street After Revitalization

using Placemaking Approach

Article in Built Environment Studies · April 2022

DOI: 10.22146/best.v3i1.1857

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 BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies/April 2022/Vol.3, No.1/ pp. 17-26

BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies

P-ISSN: 2746-9077 E-ISSN: 2746-9069
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USER’S PERCEPTION OF PUBLIC SPACE AT MALIOBORO STREET

AFTER REVITALIZATION USING PLACEMAKING APPROACH

Marinda Noor Fajrina N. P. 1*, Syam Rachma Marcillia 2*

1 Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO

Received 18 May 2021

Public open space has functioned as a development image and livability of a city. Malioboro Accepted 9 August 2021
is the most famous street in Yogyakarta with various activities and users. Malioboro street is Available online June 2022
a corridor that has been revitalized. One of the revitalization purposes is developing a public
*
space that should accommodate all users with their activities. This research will be Corresponding Author
concentrated on the revitalization of Malioboro as a public space. Placemaking is used as an
approach to find out the process of forming public space that has already formed at Marinda Noor Fajrina
Malioboro street after the revitalization. So, the research aims to find out that process. The Universitas Gadjah Mada
method is quantitative approach, which is a questionnaire to know the user's perception Email: [email protected]
(merchant, tourism, and communities) of the placemaking. Aspects of placemaking are from
Project of Public Space (PPS) with four variables: uses and activity, comfort and image, access
and linkage, and sociability. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed to find out the
placemaking process. The result of this research will be how far the process of the public space
that occurred in the revitalized Malioboro street.

Keywords:
Perception, Public Space. Placemaking

1. Introduction this corridor should have succeeded in creating a public

Public space is a space in a city space that can be freely space that could better accommodate all the activities and
accessed by every level community of the city. Yogyakarta community. It can be exciting research. The researcher can
City RTRW Regulation N0. 2 of 2010 said that the again review whether the renewed design element can
Malioboro street corridor is a secondary collector road. This redefine the real public open space, or are there other
street's function can develop an image of the city from this factors that need to be improved to create a public space
city, promoting tourism and providing space for in the streetscape area, especially for the user's activity in
pedestrians and the city's public open space. the Malioboro street.
The presence of public open space in Malioboro street Placemaking is the method of creating a public space as
after revitalization in the middle of the city serves to revive a forum to all communities by engaging the relationship
Yogyakarta's town by itself. This is support by a statement between users and the public space, Project of Public Space
from Jacob (1961), where the street space reflects the state (2010). This process is vital to find out whether the
of a city. Based on research, The Malioboro street after Malioboro street is alive. Because of that, this research aims
revitalization has the highest average visitor compare to to find out the placemaking process and the amount of
Tugu Pal Putih, and 0 km, Sari, Munandar et al. (2018). placemaking in the Malioboro road corridor after
Because of increasing the visitor's interest to Malioboro revitalization. Placemaking can be used as an alternative in
street in 2014, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta issued the improving the quality of space in research objects.
governor regulation no 36 / Tim / 2014, which states the
revitalization of the Malioboro road corridor. The purpose 2. Literature Review
of this revitalization to make the real public open space in The city’s public space is a space that can be accessed by
Yogyakarta and provide the pedestrian more like to walk. every community so that it functions as a forum to
Because of the Malioboro Road corridor's revitalization, accommodate its users in carrying out various kinds of

17
Marinda Noor Fajrina N. P.

activities, both economic, social, and cultural Project of d. Active engagement, the existence of social interaction
Publik Space (2010). Based on this understanding, the between users of activity.
public space must function to accommodate the activities e. Accessibility, some activities support the perpetrators of
carried out by its users, while the function of open space activities such as pedestrian paths, crossings, and
includes Hakim (2003): intermodal.
a. Social Function
A public space that functions as a place for socializing, Table 1. Definition Placemaking
playing, exercising, getting fresh air, a place to wait, Sources Definition
Saptorini Placemaking is a process of forming
creating a means of cleanliness, health, and harmony.
(2018) public spaces where there is the interaction
b. Ecological Function between individuals and communal, which has
Public space serves as a place to balance the ecosystem, for to do with the physical environment during
example, as an appropriate absorption and as a green open activities.
space.
The activity's user's interest triggers various activities Cresswell, Placemaking is the process of
2004; increasing the meaning of a space-based on
that can be carried out, especially in public open spaces.
Carmona et changes that can be measured in the form of
Human behavior in free public space is divided into (Gehl, al. 2010; Roe changes in design and not measurable in the
1996): 2014. way of context, history, processes,
1. Type of activity: connectedness, and meaning.
a. Necessary activity
Routine activities carried out by humans and took place
Martin, 2013; Placemaking is the meaning of a place
does not affect the environmental conditions; for example, Tobias & that is formed based on the identity of public
users do activities related to work. Muler Wahl, space.
b. Optional Activity 2013
Activities that take place and depend on the physical PPS The process of creating a space becomes
a public space as a forum for all communities
condition of the environment, weather, etc. For example,
by strengthening the relationship between the
activities looking for inspiration in the Malioboro street users and the existing public space.
corridor in the afternoon or morning Placemaking refers to the cooperation of
c. Social Activity physical, cultural, and social elements that can
Activities carried out together, such as talking, making define a place that can accommodate it.
passive contact such as listening, and seeing between users
who do not know each other. That Placemaking refers to the cooperation of physical,
2. Time cultural, and social elements that can define a place that
Morning, noon, afternoon, and night can accommodate activities in it so that the definition, in
3. Activity Patterns general, is a process of changing a space into a place, or
Human activities in outer space can be grouped into living space into a place so that it is more fun, interest and more
patterns and moving patterns Ashihara in Zulestari, (2014) able to have meaning by the user of the space.
a. still to observe around
b. Move
4. Classification of activities based on age
5. Gender
Based on the criteria for the quality of public space,
according to Carr (2003), among others:
a. Comfort, one of the mandatory indicators in determining
the success rate of physical corridor space. The length of
time the activity performer is at one point is used as an
indicator of a person's comfort level towards a corridor.
Comfort can be influenced by environmental mitigation in
the form of natural factors that affect comfort temperature
and wind speed, physical comfort supporting elements in
the way of street furniture elements, psychological
convenience, comfort, space for social interaction, and its
time activities. Figure 1. Placemaking by PPS
Source: http://pps.org/article/what-is-placemaking
b. Relaxation is still related to psychological comfort where
this condition is formed so that happy and healthy
From figure 1 explained that placemaking form project
conditions can be achieved, which can be achieved by the
for public space divide by four variables:
presence of elements of plant and water.
a. Comfort and image
c. Passive engagement of passive activities such as sitting
(safe, clean, green, walkable, sittable, spiritual,
and or observing the surrounding conditions is strongly
charming, attractive, historic)
influenced by the surrounding conditions or surrounding
- Reflecting local identity and culture
enclosures.

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 BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies/April 2022/Vol.3, No.1/ pp. 17-26

- There is room to sit, useful lighting elements, The distribution of questionnaires is with a random
landscapes, and street furniture provide convenience sampling method in a closed questionnaire type. Based on
and comfort this, the variables in this study are as follows.
- Performers comfortable activities in the space
Table 3. Placemaking variable
provided
Parameter Variable Code
(Uses & Activity) - active U1
b. Access and linkage
(connected, proximity, continuity, accessible, - fun U2
convenient, walkable, readable) - special U9
- Ease to reach and easy to find Comfort & Image - safe C1
- Sidewalks accommodate and provide pedestrian
- sittable C7
comfort
- Provides various choices of types of transportation - attractive C8
c. Uses and activity Access & Linkage - readable A4
(active, fun, vital, unique, real, useful, indigenous, - walkable A5
celebratory, sustainable) - accessible A7
- variety of activities
Sociability - diverse S1
- Activities on the ground floor edge sidewalk open
and invite visitors - interactive S7

d. Sociability - welcoming S8
(welcoming, interactive, friendly, pride, neighborly,
cooperative, stewardship, diverse) The placemaking is chosen through a theoretical
- the community can carry out joint activities approach related to public open space with the location of
- social interaction. research conditions. The scoring method uses four scales
from Linkert:
3. Research Method - Placemaking is low when the value range of 0 % - 25
The research location is in the Malioboro street corridor %, shows that starting from the absence of
after revitalization. This research uses qualitative and placemaking occurs in the observation corridor so that
quantitative methods. The qualitative approach is obtained the corridor is only useful as space.
by using behavior mapping with place centered mapping - Less Placemaking, the value range of 26 % - 50 %,
so that it can be known what types of activities and physical refers to the tendency of placemaking which can only
settings are used. Quantitative which are obtained from the meet the needs of one activity performer and physical
questionnaire at the research location at night where the elements that are still not supported in the formation
activities in the corridor at night occur at the busiest of placemaking in the street corridor after the
activities compared another time. revitalization of Malioboro as a public space.
The questionnaire was distributed to 3 groups of users - Enough Placemaking Value range of 51 % - 75 %
of different activities. Based on data from UPT Malioboro is shows that the tendency of placemaking that occurs
2018, the user of activities in the observation corridor is can only meet the needs of 1-2 activity users and
divided into three types, including user as Visitors, user as physical elements that have helped the formation of
seller, and user as a community. There were 60 respondents placemaking, or have been able to meet the needs of
in the research in which 20 people were involved in each public space for all users but have not been supported
activity. With the profile of the respondent, the position by physical elements that maximum.
and activities are as follows:
- High Placemaking The range of values of 76 % - 100
% which addresses the Malioboro street corridor has
Table 2. User Variable
User Activity been able to meet all placemaking variables as a
Visitor Observe corridor of public space for all activity users, both
Talking visitors, sellers, and activity users and supported by
Eating physical elements that have helped all activity users.
Taking photo
4. Results and Discussions
Seller Selling food
Malioboro Corridor is a famous corridor in the city of
Selling non-food
Yogyakarta. This street's location is right in the heart of the
Community Cycling
city of Yogyakarta, where it is located linearly from the
Art Community
Sultan's Palace to the Yogyakarta Monument and Mount
Pedicab worker
Merapi. This corridor became a historic area that later
Delman worker
developed into the image of Yogyakarta's city with a variety
of functions. Based on data obtained from Badan Pusat
Question of the questioner related to how placemaking Statistik Yogyakarta, from 2011 to 2015, there was an
is in the revitalization of the Malioboro corridor. They can increase in the number of tourists and will continue to grow
find out placemaking efforts in the observation corridor. each year. Therefore, the diversity of activities is higher and

19
Marinda Noor Fajrina N. P.

causes increased space requirements so that the idea of

revitalization in this corridor.

Figure 3. User Activity

Source: Researcher documentation
Figure 2. Land – Use Revitalized Malioboro street
Source: Researcher analysis Based on the results from the figure.3, a visitor of the
Malioboro Corridor itself has a length of 1 km located Malioboro street visitors perform various activities with a
in the sub-district of Sosromenduran, Yogyakarta. This variety of positions. The position carried out by visitors is
corridor on the north side is limited by the communal by sitting, standing, moving, and silent places with a variety
vehicle parking of Abu Bakar Ali to the south of the road of diverse activities.
bordering the intersection of Jalan Reksobayan. Along the
research corridor, six intersections allow seepage of activity b. Seller
at each intersection, including the junction of Sosrowijayan From the data table. Five users as a seller at night 69 %
Street, Representative Street, Dagen Street, Pajeksan of sellers sell their wares with food types, and 31 % of
Street, Ketandan Street, and Remujung Street. traders sell non-food items. The most of food seller is
In the Malioboro corridor, there is a government function placed in some space compared with non – food seller.
with the Kepatihan office now turned into the Governor's
office, and also the dominance of the commercial function Table 5. Seller Activity Data
Food Non - food
with the power of small shopping buildings, malls, and
even markets, then supported by the service function of Total 126 56
hotels and banks, both regional and national banks. So that
over time, this corridor develops into the main corridor that Based on the type of activity carried out by the user as a
meets social, economic, and tourist destinations. seller, the position carried out in selling is in one place on
the pedestrian ways or moves along the observed corridor.
4.1 Activity
After revitalization experiences, the Malioboro street
corridor compares with morning, noon, and afternoon
situation, activity at night more peak. Data is taken on
weekends by mapping using behavior mapping (place
centered mapping); the following information is obtained.
Activity in Malioboro is divided by 3 types: necessary
activity, optional activity, and social activity.

a. User as Visitors Figure 4. Seller activity at night

Source: Researcher documentation
All visitors doing optional and social activities, optional
activities are like looking around, eating, and taking c. Community
photos. And talking is social activities. Activities that occur Users community at 08.00 PM – 09. 00 PM, there is 4
from 08:00 PM to 09:00 PM are dominated by 92% of types of organization in this street, pedicab community,
visitors doing social activities like talking with visitors and Delman community, street art performance, and other
other user activities. Then only a few do the viewing community. In that time, activities are dominated by becak
activities see as much as 4%, and the rest do the activities communities who work as much as 44 % of the total
of eating and taking photos. community. The bicycle community also carries out a lot of
activities on the revitalized Malioboro street. Bicycle
Table 4. Visitor Activity Data
communities are 36 % of all user communities; this
Look Talking Eating Taking
around Photos
community can be dominant because there is some bike
community from Jogja. That triggers another user, mostly
Total 109 2254 54 28 user – a visitor to rent and try that bike.

Based on table 4, the social activity becomes a dominant Table 6. Users as Community Data
activity, so addressing the corridor's function based on Pedicab Delman Art - Bicycle -
Community community
existing theories does function as a corridor with social
Total 151 52 18 126
functions.

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 BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies/April 2022/Vol.3, No.1/ pp. 17-26

From the results at the Malioboro street after 4.2. Physical Setting
revitalization for community users also found two types of
the same position during the activities carried out by
community such as pedicabs, Delman, art – city, and bicycle
- communities while on the Malioboro corridor. Most
position of this user is placed or moving. For pedicab and
Delman, there are moving at Malioboro street. But the
bicycle community stay and move on the pedestrian way
then make a conflict between pedestrians and bikers.

Figure 5. Placemaking by PPS

Source: Researcher documentation

Figure 6. Place Centered Mapping in segment no 1

Source: Researcher analysis

21
Marinda Noor Fajrina N. P.

Figure 8. Place Centered Mapping in segment no 3

Figure 7. Place Centered Mapping in segment no 2
Source: Researcher analysis
Source: Researcher analysis

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 BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies/April 2022/Vol.3, No.1/ pp. 17-26

Place centered mapping was cut into three parts to b. Place centered mapping – seller
clarify the data obtained in the existing by considering Based on the results of place centered mapping, it can
dividing based on the intersection points that exist along be seen that users as a seller do the most activities in the
the Malioboro corridor. pedestrian ways with a moving position, and when in a stay
position seller using physical settings such as benches and
a. Place centered mapping – visitors lighting when doing activities.
Based on the table of types of activities carried out by
the user of the activity, the place-centered mapping results Table 9. Physical Setting for User Seller
can be seen the distribution of visitors indeed with social No Type Picture
1 Pedestrian
activities where the activities are carried out with various ways
positions by visitors, namely sitting, standing, and moving.
The physical settings used by visitors to social activities
include:

Table 7. Physical Setting for Visitor

No Type Picture
1 Long chair with
backrest
2 Long chair
without
backrest

2 Long chair
without backrest:

The conditions at the research location found the use of

3 Round chair
space used by the user as a seller to sell their stuff—
utilization of the area contained in the empty spaces
between the backrest bench.

However, at Malioboro street found that other physical

settings were used by visitors to do their social activity.
Pedestrian lights, bollards, and vegetation are more
utilization of physical settings options that are dominantly
used by visitors to do their activities.

Table 8. Utilization of physical Setting for Visitor

No Type Picture Figure 9. Utilization space from a user as a seller
1 Pedestrian ways Source: Researcher documentation
lamp:
At Figure Nine shows that users use space in the space
in the Malioboro corridor after revitalization.

c. Place centered mapping – community

Bicycle community is the most dominant activity from
2 Barrier vegetation:
community. The physical location used is a bicycle rack.

Table 10. Physical Setting for Community

No Type Picture
1 Bicycle
rack
3 Bollard:

Because of no bicycle path in the pedestrian ways at

Malioboro after revitalization, the bicycle community

23
Marinda Noor Fajrina N. P.

utilizes pedestrian ways to conduct their activities and Table 13. Seller – uses and activity placemaking perceptions
empty spaces between vegetation used by the community Active Fun Special
U1 U2 U3
to place their vehicles. Other activities come from the art Total 74 58 52
community. The art communities do their performance Score 93 % 73 % 65 %
with the utilization of space between a chair with backrest Code high enough enough
and pedestrian lights.
Table 14. Community - uses and activity placemaking perceptions
Table. 11. Utilization Physical Setting for Community Active Fun Special
U1 U2 U3
No Type Picture
Total 66 59 55
1 Pedestrian ways
Score 83 % 74 % 69 %
Code high enough enough

Chart (figure. 11) from tables 12, 13, and 14. From that
chart, visitors have the lowest score for variables, which
means the visitor has less attachment.
2 Vegetation

Uses and Activity

100% 83%
74% 69%
80%
60%
40%
Figure. 10 below shows various spatial uses; after the
20%
conditions in the different spatial benefits are used by
community users. 0%
active fun special

visitor seller community

Figure 11. Uses and activity chart

Source: Researcher documentation

4.3.2 Comfort and Image

In this aspect, from comfort and activity, the result is safe
the highest score the core is 76 % peoples agree that
Malioboro street after revitalization is safer than before.
Therefore, the physical setting that affects the variable safe
Figure 10. Utilization space from the bicycle community is a pedestrian lamp. When the night has come, pedestrian
Source: Researcher documentation ways in Malioboro get enough light from that lamp. Then
the sittable variable score was enough because visitors
Although bike racks are available, there are many users most use the chair, but because many visitors come in
as a community who use space to put the bicycles used, some part, visitors cannot find chairs to sit. And the seller
also for social activity, space utilization. has no space to sit when the condition is full by visitor.
Table 15. Visitor - comfort and image placemaking perceptions
Safe Sittable Attractive
4.3 Placemaking C1 C7 C8
4.3.1 Uses and Activity Total 66 48 40
The result from the uses and activity aspect in Malioboro Score 83% 60% 50%
street after revitalization, the active variable has the highest Code high enough less
score; more than 88 % of people agree that this location is
active. It is seen from the various activity happened in the Table 16. Seller - comfort and image placemaking perceptions
Safe Sittable Attractive
corridor from morning. There are many different activities C1 C7 C8
and know that talking with others is more dominant. Total 64 51 50
Variable fun has lower score all the participant has the Score 80 % 64 % 63 %
same score, but the lowest score is on a seller. Because the Kode high enough enough
seller comes to this location every day for working.
Table 12. Visitor - uses and activity placemaking perceptions Table 17. Community - comfort and image placemaking perceptions
Active Fun Special Safe Sittable Attractive
U1 U2 U3 C1 C7 C8
Total 70 53 37 Total 53 49 40
Score 88 % 66 % 46 % Score 66 % 61 % 50 %
Code high enough less Code enough enough less

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 BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies/April 2022/Vol.3, No.1/ pp. 17-26

Chart (figure. 12) shows that the community in safe and

attractive shows the lowest score than the visitor and seller. Acces and linkage
Most bicycle communities feel unsafe because this corridor 100%
80%
did not have a bike path to make this community feel safe. 71%
70%
80% 66% 66%
61%
55%
60% 49%
48%
Comfort and Image 40%
100% 83%
80% 20%
80% 66% 64%
61%
60% 63% 0%
50%
60% readable walkable accessible
40%
visitors seller community
20%
0% Figure 13. Access and linkage chart
safe sittable attractive Source: Researcher documentation

visitor seller community In the existing conditions on Malioboro street, it was

found that there were conflicts between visitors and users
Figure 12. comfort and image chart
as a community, especially bicycles. Where on the
Source: Researcher documentation
pedestrian ways, there is a bicycle rental that is Jogja bike,
but there is no bicycle lane; Malioboro revitalization design
4.3.3 Access and Linkage
has the aim of increasing pedestrian interest. The bicycle
From the results of the physical setting of the existing
community sometimes makes use of space along with
pedestrian ways in revitalization of Malioboro street. It is
pedestrian ways.
by the standards issued by Permen Pekerjaan Umum No.
While the accessible variable has an index value of 54 %
30 / 2006, wherein the current pedestrian ways have a
with enough placemaking value but in a low index, it is
width of 6 - 7 meters with a pedestrian way net path of 2.5
directly proportional to walkable because it is influenced
m. This has met the standard space requirements of
by conflicts between 2 users of the same activity.
pedestrian ways, which are only 120 cm wide. However, the
results from existing found that the walkable and accessible
variables only have enough placemaking values, with an
4.3.4 Sociability
In the aspect of diverse variable sociability, it has the
index score of 62%.
highest index value with a score of 75 %. The highest
Table 18. Visitor - access and linkage placemaking perceptions welcoming variable is based on the visitor's perspective
Readable Walkable Accessible because the observation corridor functions as a public
A4 A5 A7 social space to freely conduct activities on the observation
Total 64 56 39 corridor. The welcoming aspect by traders and
Score 80 % 70 % 49 %
communities has a lower value than visitors because the
Code high enough less
UPT already limits it in Malioboro.
Table 19. Seller - access and linkage placemaking perceptions
Table 21. Visitor sociability placemaking perceptions
Readable Walkable Accessible
A4 A5 A7 Diverse Interactive Welcoming
S1 S7 S8
Total 49 57 53
Total 67 57 37
Score 61 % 71 % 66 %
Score 84 % 71 % 46 %
Code enough enough enough
Code high enough less
Table 20. Community - access and linkage placemaking perceptions
Readable Walkable Accessible Table 22. Seller sociability placemaking perceptions
A4 A5 A7 Diverse Interactive Welcoming
Total 53 44 38 S1 S7 S8
Score 66 % 55 % 48 % Total 65 59 46
Code enough enough less Score 81 % 74 % 58 %
Code high enough enough

Walkable Variable in visitor’s perspective has the highest

Table 23. Community sociability placemaking perceptions
score (Figure 13) score because the physical setting for Diverse Interactive Welcoming
pedestrians fulfills the standard and makes pedestrians S1 S7 S8
more comfortable than others. Total 60 59 42
Score 75 % 74 % 53 %
Code enough enough enough

25
 Marinda Noor Fajrina N. P.

physical settings such as bicycle racks. Then there is space

sociabillity in the shade vegetation area and pedestrian ways; in this
pedestrian, there is a conflict with pedestrians because
100% 84%
81%
75% 74%
71% there are no bicycle lanes in the Malioboro corridor after
80% 58%
53% revitalization. The results of the placemaking evaluation
46%
60% have an average index score of enough values on all users
40% of the activity.
20% The uses and activity aspects have the highest value on
0% active variables that are busy with various activity users'
diverse interactive welcoming activities and types. The element of comfort and image has
the highest value on the safe variable because the
visitors seller community pedestrian lamps' physical arrangement is evenly
distributed in the observed corridor to have enough light
Figure 14. Sociability chart
that makes the user feel safe. The readable variable has a
Source: Researcher documentation
high score index on the access and linkage variable. The
free index has a lower index because of the conflict
5. Conclusion
between the visitor and the acting community. Diverse
The observation corridor based on the theory shows that
variables have the highest index because various activity
the Malioboro road corridor after revitalization is indeed a
users are in the Malioboro corridor after revitalization.
social function. It depends on Government regulation of
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta no. 36 / TIM / 2014. This
6. References
revitalization aims to create a public space it is in line. Types
Carmona, M. (2010). Contemporary Public Space, Part Two:
of activities that occur in the Malioboro corridor after
Classification. Journal of Urban Design, 15(2), 157-173.
revitalization.
Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, L., Stone, A. (1992). Environment and
The types of activities that occur varied, pedicab, and
Behavior Series. Public Space. Cambridge University Press.
delman traders and community are included in the kind of Hakim, R., et al. (2003). Komponen Perancangan Lansekap. Jakarta:
activities necessary activities with activities carried out Bumi Aksara.
routinely because of work. There are optional activity Gehl, J. (2001). Life Between Buildings. Copenhagen: The Danish
activities carried out by several visitors. Mainly social Architectural Press.
activities often occur in the Malioboro corridor after Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New
revitalization. Related to the time of the observing corridor, York: Vintage Books.
the corridor starts active at 07.00 AM. The peak of activity Martin, D. G. (2003). “Place-framing” as place-making: Constituting
during the Malioboro corridor occurred at night, so that a neighborhood for organizing and activism. Annals of the
moves in the observing corridor became more crowded at Association of American Geographers, 93.
night so that the most action was at night at 08.00 PM. Project for Public Spaces. (2015). A Street You Go To, Not Just
Based on the existing data, there are three types of Through: Principles for Fostering Streets as Places. Retrieved
activity users in the observation corridor, i.e.: visitors, seller, from: https://www.pps.org/article/8-principles-streets-as-
and community users. For community users themselves, it places
has been defined in UPT Malioboro, where the types of Saptorini, H. (2018). Placemaking in Yogyakarta Riverside
community: pedicabs, delman, and art community. At Settlements, Indonesia: Problems and Prospects. MATEC Web
existing, a bicycle community is found to be dominant so of Conference 280.
that community user activities. This corridor can https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928002004
accommodate three types of activity, necessary, optional, Sari, P., Munandar, A., & Fatimah, I. S. (2018). Perception of place
and social. The necessary activity mostly by seller, pedicab, attachment between cultural heritage in Yogyakarta City. IOP
and delman worker. The optional activity mostly by bicycle Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 179(1).
community. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/179/1/012012
Tobias, S., & Müller Wahl, P. (2013). Can place branding support
Types of physical settings used by the user of various
landscape conservation in city-regions? A case study from
activities allow visitors to use backrest chairs, chairs without
Switzerland. Land Use Policy, 30, 266–275.
backrest, and a half seat to conduct social activities.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.03.021
Signage is of interest to attracting visitors to optional
Zulestari, A. (2014). Pengaruh Sebaran Pengunjung terhadap
activities. Visitors also take advantage of other physical
Sence of Place di Koridor Ujung Selatan Jalan Malioboro
settings such as pedestrian lights, buffer vegetation, and
Yogyakarta (Master Thesis). Universitas Gadjah Mada.
bollards to support their activities.
The physical settings used by a user in carrying out their
activities are pedestrian ways, which are dominated by the
types of food sellers. Space utilization occurs when the
physical setting of the pedestrian lamp also the space
between the backrest chairs.
Community users who dominate the activities at night
are pedicabs and bicycles; the bicycle community uses

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