Fill in the Blanks

1. Any information about you or created by you that exists in digital form is referred to as Digital Property.
2. Stealing someone's intellectual work and representing it as one's own is known as plagiarism.
3. Creative creations of the mind such as patents, trademark and copyright are intellectual property.
4. Any fraudulent business practice that extracts money from an ignorant person is called a(n) scam.
5. Software which usually limit the functionality after a trial period are known as shareware.
6. Online identity theft is a theft of personal information in order to commit a fraud.
7. Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which computer is the medium of crime (hacking, phishing,
spamming) or the computer is used as a tool to commit crimes.
8.The practice of attempting to acquire sensitive information from individuals over the internet by means of
deception is called phishing.
9. Copyright infringement means using another person's work, without permission or without paying for it,
if it is being sold.
State True or False
1. Public Domain Software is free and can be used with restrictions. - False
Reason — Public Domain Software is not only free but also comes with no restrictions on its use,
modification, or distribution.
2. An important factor of privacy is consumer consent. Answer - True
Reason — Consumer consent is a crucial aspect of privacy. It ensures that individuals have control over
their personal data and how it is collected, used, and shared.
3. Intellectual Property Rights are the rights of owners to decide how much information/data is to be
shared or exchanged. Answer True
Reason — Intellectual Property Rights are the specific legal rights that allow their owner to completely
benefit from the use of their creation for a certain period of time. These rights also entitle them to prevent
others from using or dealing with their product without prior permission and force them to stop and
compensate for any damages.
4. Copying and pasting data from internet or other digital resources is ethical. Answer - False
Reason — Copying and pasting data from the internet or other digital resources without permission is
considered unethical because it can infringe on copyright and intellectual property rights.
5. E-document becomes legal after it is digitally signed. Answer True
Reason — An e-document becomes legally binding and enforceable after it is digitally signed because a
digital signature verifies the authenticity and integrity of the document.
6. The data stored in biometric database can be updated. Answer - False
Reason — Biometric data of an individual doesn't change, it is part of the unique identity of the individual.
7. Source code of proprietary software is normally available. Answer False
Reason — The source code of proprietary software is not available to the public.
8. Free software is same as freeware. Answer False
Reason — Freeware is a type of software available free of cost, permitting copying and distribution but not
modification, with its source code not available. On the other hand, free software, or open-source software,
can be freely used, modified, improved, copied, and distributed without any payment required.
9. Never respond to an email or advertisement that claims you have won something. Answer True
Reason — Emails or advertisements claiming that we have won something, are often phishing scams or
fraudulent schemes designed to obtain personal information or money.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Using someone else's Twitter handle to post something will be termed as:
a) Fraud
b) Identity theft
c) Online stealing
d) Violation
Answer Identity theft
Reason — Using someone else's twitter handle to post something, will be termed as identity theft.
Question 2
Standard security protocol that establishes encrypted links between a web server and a browser is
called ............... .
1. Online safety technology
2. SDT technology
3. Web encryption technology
4. Secure Sockets Layer technology
Answer Secure Sockets Layer technology
Reason — Standard security protocol that establishes encrypted links between a web server and a browser is
called Secure sockets layer technology.
Question 3
Intellectual Property Rights protect the use of information and ideas that are of:
1. Ethical Value
2. Moral Value
3. Social Value
4. Commercial Value
Answer Commercial Value
Reason — Intellectual Property Rights protect the use of information and ideas that are of commercial
value.
Question 4
Credit card fraud may include:
1. Stealing of credit card
2. Unauthorized and illegal use of credit card
3. Stealing information
4. Phishing
Answer Unauthorized and illegal use of credit card
Reason — Credit card fraud involves the use of credit/debit card to obtain money or acquire properties
without appropriate authorization. Fraudsters obtain credit/debit card numbers of victims from unsecured
web media and use them to carry out illegal or unethical transactions.
Question 5
The term "Intellectual Property Rights" covers:
1. Copyrights
2. Trademarks
3. Patents
4. All of these
Answer All of these
Reason — Intellectual Property Rights include copyrights, trademarks, and patents.
Question 6
Which of the following is an open-source software?
1. Microsoft Windows
2. Adobe Photoshop
3. MySQL
4. MS PowerPoint
Answer
MySQL
Reason — MySQL is an open-source relational database management system, meaning its source code is
freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. In contrast, Microsoft Windows, Adobe
Photoshop and MS Powerpoint are proprietary software.
Question 7
Online personal account, personal websites are examples of:
1. Digital Wallet
2. Digital Property
3. Digital Certificate
4. Digital Signature
Answer: Digital Property
Reason — Online personal accounts and personal websites are considered digital property because they
represent owned assets in the digital space, similar to physical property in the real world.
Question 8
Unsolicited commercial email is known as ............... .
1. Spam
2. Malware
3. Virus
4. Spyware
Answer: Spam
Reason — The unsolicited emails and attractive advertisements are collectively known as spam.
Question 9
Which of the following is not a type of a cyber crime?
1. Data theft
2. Forgery
3. Damage to data
4. Installing antivirus for protection
Answer: Installing antivirus for protection
Reason — Installing antivirus is not a type of cyber crime because it is a defensive measure taken by
individuals or organizations to protect against cyber threats. Cyber crime refers to criminal activities
conducted using computers or the Internet, such as data theft, forgery, hacking, phishing, and malware
attacks.
Assertions and Reasons
Question 1
Assertion (A): Digital footprints are also termed as Digital Tattoos.
Reasoning (R): Digital footprints are the records and traces that we leave behind while working with the
internet.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Digital footprints, also known as digital tattoos, refer to the trail or traces left by individuals online while
using digital devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers. These records are often permanent and
cannot be easily erased.
Question 2
Assertion (A): Privacy of sensitive data can be achieved through proper authentication checks.
Reasoning (R): Authentication is the process of providing access to the data for all the users.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Privacy of sensitive data can be implemented by encryption, authentication and other secure methods to
ensure that such data is accessible only to the authorized user and is for a legitimate purpose. Authentication
is the process of verifying the identity of users and granting access only to those who are authorized.
Question 3
Assertion (A): FLOSS is an Open Source Software.
Reasoning (R): FLOSS source code is freely available and modifiable.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
FLOSS stands for Free Libre/Livre and Open Source Software. It refers to software that is both open source
and free of charge. This means that users can freely access, modify, and distribute the software without any
cost.
Question 4
Assertion (A): One should not use copyrighted material without taking a license first.
Reasoning (R): A license is described as the permission granted by the copyright holder to use a product.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
One should not use copyrighted material without obtaining a license first, as doing so can violate copyright
laws. A license is the permission granted by the copyright holder, allowing legal use of the material.
Question 5
Assertion (A): Intellectual property refers to a creation of the intellect (hence, the name); inventions,
literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images and designs used in commerce are part of it.
Reasoning (R): Intellectual property is safeguarded through copyright.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Assertion (A) is true because intellectual property includes creations like inventions, literary works,
symbols, names, and designs.
Reasoning (R) is true as copyright is one of the ways to protect intellectual property (mainly for literary and
artistic works).
However, Reasoning (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) because patents and trademarks are
other ways of protecting other forms of intellectual property. Hence, copyright is not the sole mechanism for
safeguarding all types of intellectual property.
Question 6
Assertion (A): Plagiarism is a form of IPR infringement.
Reasoning (R): Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) infringement is using someone else's intellectual property
without the consent of the owner.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Plagiarism is a form of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) infringement because it involves copying someone
else's work without giving credit to the original author. Intellectual Property (IP) infringement refers to any
violation or breach of protected intellectual property rights.
Question 7
Assertion (A): When a patent is granted, the owner gets an exclusive right to prevent others from
modifying, reproducing, selling or distributing the protected invention.
Reasoning (R): A patent is usually granted for inventions.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A patent is usually granted for inventions. When a patent is granted, the owner gets an exclusive right to
prevent others from using, selling or distributing the protected invention. Patent gives full control to the
patentee to decide whether or how the invention can be used by others.
Question 8
Assertion (A): The act of presenting someone else's work or idea as your own is plagiarism.
Reasoning (R): Accessing someone's computer system without their permission is defined as plagiarism.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Plagiarism is copying someone else's work and then passing it off as one's own. Hacking is an act of
unauthorized access to a computer, computer network or any digital system.
Solutions to Unsolved Questions
Question 1
What do you mean by cyber crime?
Answer
Cyber crime refers to any online illegal activity facilitated by the use of electronic communication devices
like mobile phones, computers or through networks like the Internet. For example, cyberstalking,
cyberbullying, cyberespionage, cyberwarfare, etc.
Question 2
What is meant by cyber ethics? How are they important to us?
Answer
Cyber ethics refers to the moral principles and guidelines that govern the use of computers, the internet, and
other digital technologies.
Cyber ethics are important because they:
1. Protect individuals and organizations from cyber threats and attacks.
2. Promote trust and confidence in digital transactions and interactions.
3. Ensure accountability and responsibility in the digital world.
4. Foster a culture of respect and empathy online.
5. Help to prevent digital divide and promote digital inclusion.
Question 3
What do you mean by identity theft? How can we prevent it?
Answer
Identity theft is a type of fraud that involves using someone else's identity to steal money or gain other
benefits. Online identity theft refers to an act of stealing someone's personal information such as name, login
details, credit card details etc, and then posing as that person online.
To protect ourselves from such frauds, we should follow Private Browsing or Anonymous Browsing on the
internet.
Question 4
What do you understand by illegal download?
Answer
Illegal downloads means obtaining files from the Internet that we don't have the right to use. Illegal
downloads are the root cause of digital piracy.
Question 5
What is child pornography?
Answer
Child pornography is publishing and transmitting obscene material about children in electronic form.
Question 6
How do people unknowingly commit cyber crime?
Answer
People unknowingly commit cyber crime by:
1. Clicking on phishing emails or links
2. Using weak passwords
3. Downloading pirated software or content
4. Using public Wi-Fi or unsecured networks
5. Sharing personal information on social media
6. Not updating software or operating systems
7. Using infected devices or USB drives
8. Participating in online scams
9. Not using two-factor authentication
10. Lack of awareness about cyber laws
11. Using unauthorized or unlicensed software
12. Not reporting cyber incidents
Question 7
What are the different ways to do phishing?
Answer
The different ways to indulge in phishing are fake emails from banks, targeted emails, fraudulent SMS
messages, fake phone calls, and redirecting users to fake websites to steal information.
Question 8
What precautions should be taken to avoid phishing?
Answer
The protective measures to be followed against phishing include:
1. Never open or download a file from an unsolicited email, even from someone we know.
2. Keep our operating system updated.
3. Use a trusted antivirus program.
4. Enable two-factor authentication whenever available.
5. Confirm the authenticity of a website prior to entering login credentials by looking for a reputable
security trust mark.
6. Look for HTTPS in the address bar when we enter any sensitive personal information on a website to
make sure our data will be encrypted.
Question 9
What procedure is followed by the police to track/investigate cyber crime cases?
Answer
The procedure followed by the police to track/investigate cyber crime cases is as follows:
1. Reporting: Victim reports the crime to the police.
2. Initial Assessment: Police gather basic information and assess the crime.
3. Securing Evidence: Preserve digital evidence and maintain the chain of custody.
4. Digital Forensics: Collect and analyze data from devices to uncover clues.
5. Tracing: Trace IP addresses and online activities to locate the perpetrator.
6. Legal Procedures: Obtain necessary warrants and collaborate with other agencies.
7. Arrest and Prosecution: Identify, arrest, and prosecute the suspect based on gathered evidence.
Question 10
What do you understand by the concept of cyber forensics?
Answer
Cyber forensics is an electronic discovery technique used to determine and reveal technical criminal
evidence. It often involves electronic data storage extraction for legal purposes.
Question 11
What precautions should be taken so that students do not indulge in cyber crime unknowingly?
Answer
The precautions to be taken so that students do not indulge in cybercrime unknowingly are as follows:
1. Teach digital literacy and cybercrime laws.
2. Encourage the use of strong, unique passwords and proper privacy settings on online platforms.
3. Implement clear use policies and supervise internet use.
4. Use and update antivirus and security software.
5. Teach students to avoid clicking on unknown links or downloading unverified files.
 6. Encourage students to speak up if they encounter anything suspicious or uncomfortable online.
7. Make students aware of the legal consequences of engaging in cybercrime activities, even
unknowingly.
Question 12
Differentiate between Proprietary Licence and Open Source Licence.
Answer
Proprietary License Open Source License
A proprietary license is a type of software license An open source license is a type of software
that restricts the use, modification, and license that allows users to freely use, modify,
distribution of software. and distribute software.
The owner of the software, a company or The source code is publicly available, and
individual, retains the intellectual property rights users have the freedom to modify and
and controls how the software is used. redistribute the software.
It requires a license fee. It is Free of cost.
Examples: Microsoft Windows, Adobe
Examples: Linux, Apache, Mozilla Firefox.
Photoshop.
Question 13
How secure is Biometric Authentication System?
Answer
Biometric authentication systems offer a high level of security by using unique biological traits, such as
fingerprints or facial recognition, which are difficult to replicate or forge. They provide convenience and
reduce the risk of unauthorized access, as traits cannot be easily shared or stolen.
Question 14
What is the relationship between ethics and law?
Answer
Ethics and law are interconnected but distinct; ethics involves moral principles guiding behaviour based on
what is considered right and wrong, while law consists of formal rules established by authorities to maintain
societal order.
Question 15
What is the difference between fairness and ethics in law?
Answer
Fairness in law refers to the principle of treating all individuals impartially and justly, ensuring that legal
processes and outcomes are equitable. It focuses on the application of laws in a manner that is unbiased and
consistent, regardless of personal characteristics or circumstances.
Ethics in law involves the moral principles and values that guide the behaviour of legal professionals and the
interpretation of legal rules. It encompasses broader concerns about what is morally right or wrong in legal
practice and decision-making, such as integrity, honesty, and justice.
Question 16
How do ethical norms differ from the law?
Answer
Ethical norms are moral principles guiding behaviour based on concepts of right and wrong and are often
subjective, varying by culture and personal values. They are not legally enforceable and rely on societal
expectations. In contrast, laws are formal, objective rules established by governing bodies to regulate
behaviour and maintain order, with legal consequences for non-compliance.
Question 17
What is the difference between threat, vulnerability and risk?
Answer
A threat is any potential danger or adverse event that could exploit a vulnerability and cause harm. It
represents something that could exploit a weakness, such as a hacker, malware, or natural disaster.
A vulnerability is a weakness or gap in a system's defenses that could be exploited by a threat. It represents
the susceptibility of a system to threats, such as outdated software, misconfigured settings, or weak
passwords.
Risk is the likelihood that a threat will exploit a vulnerability and the potential impact of that exploitation.
Question 18
What is the goal of information security within an organization?
Answer
The goal of information security in an organization is to keep its information safe from being accessed,
changed, or damaged by unauthorized people.
Question 19
In how many ways can you secure your system from cyber attacks?
Answer
The ways to secure our system from cyber attacks are as follows:
1. Keep the computer system up-to-date and take regular backup of important data.
2. Protect our personal information by managing our social media privacy settings.
3. Update our antivirus software on a regular basis.
4. Choose a strong password (combination of letters, numbers, symbols and special characters) and
change it periodically. Do not use same password for all websites.
5. Before downloading any software, ensure that the website address contains HTTPS or lock symbol.
6. While using someone else's computer, do not allow the browser to save password or auto fill data
and try to browse in incognito mode.
7. For an unknown site, do not agree to accept cookies when asked for, through a Yes/No option.
8. Perform online transactions like shopping, ticketing and other such services only through well-
known and secure sites.
9. Always secure wireless network at home with a strong password and regularly change it.
10. Do not download songs, videos or software from untrustworthy websites. Often these files come with
hidden malware such as ransomware or Trojan.
11. Never download attachments from emails that appear suspicious.
12. Adjust the settings in the web browser. It may limit some functionality but can provide best
protection from malicious content.
Question 20
Write the advantages of biometrics in school.
Answer
The advantages of biometrics in school are as follows:
1. It provides secure identity verification for students, staff, and visitors.
2. It offers precise and automatic recording of attendance.
3. It saves time with quick fingerprint or facial recognition scans.
4. It minimizes identity fraud due to the uniqueness of biometric data.
5. It ensures accountability by recording exact times of entry and exit.
Question 21
Differentiate between Hacker and Cracker.
Answer
Hacker Cracker
Hackers are technically sound people who hack
Crackers are people with malicious intentions
devices and systems with good intentions, such as to
who hack a system by breaking into it and
find the security lapses of a system, in order to
violating it for some bad motives.
rectify it or for obtaining more knowledge out of it.
Hackers are the ethical professionals. Crackers are unethical.
They are known as White hat hackers. They are known as Black hat hackers.
Question 22
What do you mean by illegal downloads? What are its repercussions?
Answer
Illegal downloads means obtaining files from the internet that we don't have the right to use. It is the root
cause of digital piracy, which involves illegally sharing copyrighted media.
Illegal downloads should be discouraged as it incurs heavy losses to developers/producers and the person
who is carrying out such illegal downloads can face punishment or fine due to this unethical act.
Question 23
What do you mean by virus?
Answer
A virus is a malicious code/program that causes damage to data and files on a system. Viruses can attack any
part of a computer's software such as boot block, operating system, system areas, files and application-
program-macros etc.
Question 24
What do you mean by Spyware and Adware?
Answer
Spyware is malicious software that can collect various types of personal information, such as tracking the
internet surfing habits and visiting web pages by the user or changing the configuration of our system.
Adware are programs that send unwanted advertisements to the user's computer. These advertisements
generally appear in the form of pop ups, which can disrupt user's working.
Question 25
What do you mean by Malware?
Answer
Malware is a general term used to refer to viruses, worms, spyware, adware etc. It is unwanted software that
someone else wants to run on our computer. Malware infects our computer, making it behave in a way,
which we do not approve of.
Question 26
What do you mean by Worm?
Answer
A worm is a program designed to replicate. The program may perform any variety of additional tasks as
well.
Question 27
What do you mean by Trojan Horse?
Answer
A Trojan Horse is code hidden in a program such as a game or spreadsheet that looks safe to run but has
hidden side effects. It may destroy, damage, or alter information in the background.
Question 28
What is the difference between Worm and Trojan Horse?
Answer
Worms are self-replicating viruses that exploit security vulnerabilities to automatically spread themselves
across computers and networks. Unlike many viruses, worms do not attach to existing programs or alter
files. They typically go unnoticed until replication reaches a scale that consumes significant system
resources or network bandwidth.
Malware disguised in what appears to be legitimate software are known as Trojans. Once activated, Trojans
will conduct whatever action they have been programmed to carry out. Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans
do not replicate or reproduce through infection.
Question 29
What is the difference between Malware and Worm?
Answer
Malware (Malicious Software) is a file or code, typically delivered over a network, that infects, explores,
steals or conducts virtually any behavior an attacker wants. It includes various forms of malicious software,
such as viruses, spyware, trojans and worms.
Worms are a type of malware that are self-replicating viruses that exploit security vulnerabilities to
automatically spread themselves across computers and networks.
Question 30
How does technology impact the society? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer
Technology greatly impacts society by improving communication, access to information, and quality of life.
For example, smartphones have transformed how we connect with others, allowing instant messaging, video
calls, and access to the internet from almost anywhere. This makes staying in touch with family and friends
easier and helps people work remotely. However, it also brings challenges like reduced face-to-face
interactions and concerns about privacy and screen time.
Question 31
Write the drawback of social media networks.
Answer
The drawback of social media networks are as follows:
1. Personal information shared on social media can be misused or exposed, leading to privacy breaches
and identity theft.
2. Excessive use of social media has been linked to mental health issues.
3. The rapid spread of unverified or false information can lead to misinformation, confusion, and public
distrust.
4. Social media platforms can facilitate cyberbullying and harassment.
5. It leads to addiction.
6. Social media accounts can be targets for hacking, phishing, and other cyber threats.
Question 32
Write the names of five social media sites which are very popular.
Answer
The names of five social media sites are as follows:
1. Facebook
2. Instagram
3. X (formerly known as Twitter)
4. YouTube
5. LinkedIn
Question 33
What is plagiarism?
Answer
Plagiarism is stealing someone else's intellectual work and representing it as our own work without citing
the source of information.
Question 34(a)
Write the differences between Phishing and Identity theft.
Answer
Phishing Identity theft
Identity theft is a type of fraud that involves using
Phishing is an attempt to acquire sensitive
someone else's identity to steal money or gain other
information such as usernames, passwords
benefits. Online identity theft refers to an act of
and credit card details by masquerading as
stealing someone's personal information such as name,
a trustworthy entity in an electronic
login details, credit card details etc, and then posing as
communication.
that person online.
Question 34(b)
Write the differences between Copyright infringement and Trademark Infringement.
Answer
Copyright Infringement Trademark Infringement
Trademark infringement is defined as the unauthorized use of
Copyright infringement is the use
a trademark or service mark on or in connection with goods
or production of copyrighted
and/or services in a manner that is likely to cause confusion,
material without the permission of
deception, or mistake about the source of the goods and/or
the copyright holder.
services.
Question 34(c)
Write the differences between Proprietary and Free and Open-source software.
Answer
 Proprietary Software Free and Open-source Software
Proprietary Software is a software that is owned by an Free and Open-source Software is a
individual or company and has restrictions on its use, software that is freely available to use,
modification, and distribution. modify, and distribute .
Source code is open and available for
Source code is not available to the public. anyone to view, modify, and contribute
to.
Examples: Microsoft Windows, Adobe Photoshop. Examples: Linux, Mozilla Firefox.
Question 35
Cite examples depicting that you were a victim of following cyber crime. Also, cite provisions in IT Act to
deal with such a cyber crime.
(a) Identity theft
(b) Credit card account theft
Answer
(a) My personal medical information, including my medical records and health insurance details, was stolen
from a hacked hospital database. The thief used this information to obtain medical treatment and
prescription drugs, resulting in financial losses and damage to my credit score.
Provisions in IT Act:
1. Section 43A of the IT Act, 2000: Compensation for failure to protect data, which allows victims to
claim damages from the organization responsible for the data breach.
2. Section 66C of the IT Act, 2000: Punishment for identity theft, which includes imprisonment of up to
3 years and/or fine up to ₹1 lakh.
(b) My credit card information was stolen through a phishing email, and the thief used it to make
unauthorized transactions, resulting in financial losses.
Provisions in IT Act:
Section 66D of the IT Act, 2000: Punishment for cheating by personation using computer resource, which
includes imprisonment up to 3 years and/or fine up to ₹1 lakh. Section 43 of the IT Act, 2000:
Compensation for unauthorized access to computer system, which allows victims to claim damages from the
person responsible for the unauthorized access.
Question 36
Name the different types of intellectual property.
Answer
The different types of intellectual property are as follows:
1. Industrial property
i. Patent
ii. Trademark
2. Copyright
Question 37
Ravi received a mail from IRS department. On clicking "Click here", he was taken to an official-looking
website, like IRS.gov. He uploaded some important information on it. Identify and explain the cyber crime
discussed in this scenario.
Answer
The cyber crime discussed in this scenario is phishing. Phishing is an attempt to acquire sensitive
information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in
an electronic communication. In this case, Ravi received an email that appeared to be from the IRS
department. When he clicked on the link, he was directed to a website that looked like the official IRS site,
but it was actually a fake site created by cybercriminals. By uploading important information to this
fraudulent site, Ravi unknowingly provided his sensitive data to the attackers.
Question 38
Shreya was not able to attend a class and she called up Rajni enquiring about the topic discussed in the class.
Rajni informed her that tuples in Python was discussed. She also downloaded a PowerPoint Presentation
from the internet and mailed it to Shreya after changing the name to "made by Rajni" saying she had made
this presentation for her. Identify and explain the cyber crime being discussed in the above example.
Answer
The cyber crime being discussed in the above example is plagiarism. Plagiarism involves copying someone
else's work and passing it off as one's own without giving proper credit to the original author. In this case,
Rajni downloaded a PowerPoint presentation from the internet, changed the name to "made by Rajni," and
falsely claimed that she had created it. This act violates intellectual property rights and is considered a cyber
crime.
Question 39
What do you understand by trademark and intellectual property?
Answer
A trademark includes any visual symbol, word, name, design, slogan, label, etc. that distinguishes a brand or
commercial enterprise from other brands or commercial enterprises.
Intellectual property refers to creations of the intellect, inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols,
names, images and designs used in commerce are part of it.
Question 40
What is data privacy? Websites that you visit collect what type of information about you?
Answer
Data privacy refers to the protection of personal data and sensitive information from unauthorized access,
use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
Websites collect the information such as :
1. IP addresses of the user's computer (user's location).
2. Information about usage of website. For example, what users click on and how much time they spend
on a page.
3. Information about browsers and device used to access the sites.
4. Browsing activity across different sites.
Question 41
What do you mean by confidentiality of information?
Answer
Confidentiality of information ensures that only authorized users get access to sensitive and protected data.
Question 42
Name some common social networking sites.
Answer
Some social networking sites are as follows:
1. Facebook
2. X (formerly known as Twitter)
3. Reddit
4. LinkedIn
Question 43
Define digital footprint.
Answer
Digital Footprints are the records and traces of individual's activities as they use the Internet. Digital
Footprints are permanently stored.