Chapter I

Introduction

1.1 Background of the study:

In the present context, there has been a debate on disability with much argument
about how it is defined and conceptualized. The Nepalese government has defined
it as a "situation of feeling difficulties to perform daily activities due to physical
impairedness, infrastructural, social, and cultural and communication barriers
owing to the problems in body organs and systems." Similarly, The International
Classification of Functioning (ICF) defines it as the outcomes of the interaction
between a person with impairment and environmental and attitudinal barriers s/he
may face. Similarly, a study conducted by National Planning Commission and
UNICEF in 2001 has been defined 'disability as the person who cannot perform
the daily activities of the life considered normal for a human being within the
specified age and where the person needed special care, support and some sort of
rehabilitation services. The women who have one or more impairments and
experience barriers in society are the women with disability. Both disabled girls
and women of all ages, in rural and urban areas, regardless of the severity of the
impairment, sexual preference and cultural background or whether they live in the
community or an institution are recognized as Women with Disabilities. As
Person with Disabilities are deprived, isolated, marginalized and excluded groups
of society, women who have a disability are one of the components of them. The
social status of disabled women varies according to individual circumstances and
the country in which they live. 'Disabled women in developing countries usually
experience a particular disadvantage. They are one of the most unrecognized
groups among the disability of society. They are found to exist in the lowest
status, as a result, they are multiply disadvantaged through their status as a
woman, as women with disabilities and, are over-represented among people living
in absolute poverty. They are cast down, stigmatized, rejected, and excluded from
family, community and even from the government authority. As the Asian
Institute of Technology, women with disability are more excluded group in
society. Among the people with disability, women with disability lead isolated
lives as they are not allowed to move out of their own houses.
People with disabilities, in general, face difficulties in entering the open labour
market, but, seen from a gender perspective, men with disabilities are almost
twice as likely to have jobs as women with disabilities. When women with
disabilities work, they often experience unequal hiring and promotion, standards,
unequal access to training and retraining, unequal access to credit and other
productive resources, unequal pay for equal work and occupational segregation,
and they rarely participate in economic decision-making People with disabilities
face challenges in the labour markets. There is a substantial gap between
integrating people with disabilities into the labour force and their actual
participation levels. Labour force disparities for people with disabilities also vary

1
from one type of disability to another, resulting in some groups showing higher or
lower participation rates than others.
Women with disabilities face significantly more difficulties in both public and
private spheres in attaining access to adequate housing, health, education,
vocational training and employment, and are more likely to be institutionalized.
They also experience inequality in hiring, promotion rates and pay for equal work,
access to training and retraining, credit and other productive resources, and rarely
participate in economic decision-making. Women with disabilities were more
likely than men with disabilities to change the amount of their work, begin
working from home and take a leave of absence because of their condition. A
higher proportion of women than men with disabilities required workplace
accommodations, but there were no significant sex differences in whether these
accommodations were available. Perceptions of labour discrimination were
generally similar between men and women with disabilities, with one notable
difference. Fewer women than men with disabilities, particularly those with more
severe disabilities, reported being refused a job interview because of their
condition.
Promoting gender equality and empowerment of women is essential to the
achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the
Millennium Development Goals. Women with disabilities experience double
discrimination, which places them at higher risk of gender-based violence, sexual
abuse, neglect, maltreatment and exploitation.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognizes that women
and girls with disabilities are often at greater risk, both within and outside the
home, of violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or
exploitation. To address this concern, the Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities has also taken a two-track approach to promote gender equality
and the empowerment of women with disabilities. It has as one of its principles
equality between men and women, and it devotes an article to women with
disabilities
The availability and conditions of employment may account for some of these
differences in employment. Although some persons with disabilities are students,
retired, or unable to work because of their condition, other persons with
disabilities have the potential to work but are not currently in the labour. These
findings highlight an important intersection between disability status and sex and
the need to better understand the work experiences of women compared with men
with disabilities while taking into consideration the severity of a disability.
Women with disabilities are more likely to be poor than men with disabilities or
men and women without disabilities. However, when allowed to participate in the
labour force, the gap between them narrows. This suggests that while employment
alone will not put women with disabilities on the same economic level as men
with disabilities or those without disabilities, it does go a long way toward
improving their standard of living and level of independence.

2
1.2 Statement of the Problem

People with disabilities may experience stigma and discrimination when it comes to
finding employment, and there may be an assumption that they are unable to do
anything. People with disabilities have experienced rejection from jobs as a result of
stigma and discrimination, salary compared to others for the same job. People with
disabilities who managed to find a job reported that they were not respected and
experienced discrimination and harassment at work. On the other hand, some of those
in employment felt that their work and work ethic was appreciated. Workplaces are
often not accessible. It is also difficult for people with disabilities to make their way
to work due to inaccessible physical infrastructure, such as the roads. Lack of
education and inadequate financial resources are also barriers to employment. An
additional problem, faced not only by people with disabilities, is that jobs often go to
those with money, power and social connections. Some people with disabilities have
responded to the discrimination they faced at work by dropping out of employment.
Others have tried to change the situation and report it. However, other people with
disabilities are reluctant to report discrimination as a result of not knowing who to
complain to, not feeling like their complaint will achieve anything, and fear of losing
their job. Persons with disabilities who have received some vocational training have
struggled with self-employment as they were not able to access credit or were given
the necessary skills to be able to run their own businesses.

People with disabilities of all backgrounds and genders deserve the opportunity to
earn an income and achieve independence, just like anyone else. Girls and women of
all ages with any form of disability are generally among the more vulnerable and
marginalized of society. Disability represents a barrier, for both women and men, in
accessing the labor market. However, women with disabilities experience more
significant difficulties than their male counterparts. In far too many countries, women
with disabilities are leaving the workforce, experiencing discrimination, and being
denied the opportunity to earn an income.
Despite the relative importance of the gender and disability barriers, which differ
from one country to another, they are underrepresented in the labor market and have
access to full citizenship rights. The extent of participation by women with disabilities
in the labor market is closely related to the definitions, criteria, and incentives
provided by welfare regimes and social and cultural barriers.
They also experience more physical barriers in nature, at home, in the community,
and in the workplace. These serve to discourage them from participating in the labor
force to their full potential. The loss of disability-related benefits when transitioning
to paid work is another massive disincentive to seeking employment. Sometimes it is
just not worthwhile when the dollar value of the loss of services is more significant
than earned income. Even when women with disabilities work, they are more likely
than men to be confronted with disadvantage, exclusion, and discrimination. Women
and the disabled often experience unequal hiring and promotion conditions, unequal

3
access to training and retraining, unequal pay for equal work, and occupational
segregation. Even when they have access to training and complete it, they are more
likely to remain unemployed or work part-time jobs.
Women with disabilities are more likely to be poor than are men with disabilities or
men and women without disabilities. However, when allowed to participate in the
labor force, the gap between them narrows. This suggests that while employment
alone will not put women with disabilities on the same economic level as men with
disabilities or those without disabilities, it goes a long way toward improving their
living standards and independence. Employment is a woman’s best defense against
poverty. It also provides a sense of value, status, and purpose to integrate and accept
and extend social networks.
Therefore, efforts to raise the labor market participation of women with disabilities
need to take the context of each welfare regime and social approaches to disability
into account.
That’s why; this study has focused on the condition, changing trend and Impact of
employment of women with disabilities in household economy in Bandipur VDC,
Ward No. 2 of the Tanahun district. It tries to analyze broadly their employment status
form different perspective. So, this study helps to find out the answer of the following
research question:

- What is the condition of employment of women with disabilities in household

economy?

- What are the impact of employment of women with disabilities in household

economy?

1.3 Research Problem and question

I. What is the condition of employment of women with disabilities in household

economy?
II. What are the impact of employment of women with disabilities in household
economy?

1.4 Research Objective

- To find the condition of employment of women with disabilities.

- To find the impact of employment of women with disabilities

4
1.5 Significance of the study

Many Researchers will conduct the research on Education status of employment of

women with disabilities over the past decade in Nepal. This will happened
because of the employment of women with disabilities and their employment
issue. Women education issue will get global importance. However, most of the
studies are being carried out by different NGOs or INGOs very few unbiased studies
are conducted by the students which are fruitful for women education.

This study will be focused on the employment of women with disabilities

status. In order to identity and analyze the condition, Impact for women with
disabilities employment. This research study will be an initiation to be expected
and useful for those who want to have detailed study or similar kind in the future. The
finding of the study will be useful for policy makers, planners as well as for concern
agencies and welfare organization in order to decrease women with disabilities
employment.
1.6 Limitation of the study

Researcher will faced some technical and operational problems, while projective,
survey of this field study. In our society due to the lack of education social awareness
and knowledge and also hesitation of participants which created the problems in the
field work observations. So, some limitations of this study were as follows:

On this research study, researchers will observe only in Bandipur village under the
Bandipur VDC, Ward No. 2 of the Tanahun District which may not be represented
widely in whole Country, women above the age of 20 years old, 30 from out of 100
household will be selected which may not cover the overall accessibility of
employment of women with disabilities in the whole village and only 2 female
respondents above age 20 were participated in this study. And also methodological or
theoretical limitations were maintained without using any high technical tools and
techniques which may raise the question on this study.

5
 Chapter II

Literature review
2.1 Theoretical Review

As this entry describes, feminism is both an intellectual commitment and a political

movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms. Motivated
by the quest for social justice, feminist inquiry provides a wide range of perspectives
on social, cultural, economic, and political phenomena. Yet despite many overall
shared commitments, there are numerous differences among feminist philosophers
regarding philosophical orientation, ontological commitments (such as the category of
woman), and what kind of political and moral remedies should be sought.

Contemporary feminist philosophical scholarship emerged in the 1970s as more

women began careers in higher education, including philosophy. As they did so, they
also began taking up matters from their own experience for philosophical scrutiny.
These scholars were influenced both by feminist movements in their midst as well as
by their philosophical training, which was anything but feminist. Until recently one
could not go to graduate school to study “feminist philosophy”. While students and
scholars could turn to the writings of Simone de Beauvoir or look back historically to
the writings of “first wave” feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft, most of the
philosophers writing in the first decades of the emergence of feminist philosophy
brought their particular training and expertise to bear on analyzing issues raised by the
women’s liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s, such as abortion, affirmative
action, equal opportunity, the institutions of marriage, sexuality, and love.
Additionally, feminist philosophical scholarship increasingly focused on the very
same types of issues philosophers had been and were dealing with.

Feminist philosophical scholarship begins with attention to women, to their roles and
locations. What are women doing? What social/political locations are they part of or
excluded from? How do their activities compare to those of men? Are the activities or
exclusions of some groups of women different from those of other groups and why?
What do the various roles and locations of women allow or preclude? How have their
roles been valued or devalued? How do the complexities of a woman’s situatedness,
including her class, race, ability, and sexuality impact her locations? To this we add
attention to the experiences and concerns of women. Have any of women’s
experiences or problems been ignored or undervalued? How might attention to these
transform our current methods or values? And from here we move to the realm of the
symbolic. How is the feminine instantiated and constructed within the texts of
philosophy? What role does the feminine play in forming, either through its absence
or its presence, the central concepts of philosophy? And so on.

6
Feminist philosophers brought their philosophical tools to bear on these questions.
And since these feminist philosophers employed the philosophical tools they knew
best and found most promising, feminist philosophy began to emerge from all the
traditions of Western philosophy prevalent at the end of the twentieth century
including analytic, Continental, and classical American philosophy. It should come as
no surprise then that the thematic focus of their work was often influenced by the
topics and questions highlighted by these traditions. Hence, as a result, a given
question can be taken up and addressed from an array of views, sometimes, as
discussed below, with quite contradictory answers.

Hence feminist philosophical scholarship is not homogeneous either in methods or in

conclusions. Indeed, there has been significant debate within feminist philosophical
circles concerning the effectiveness of particular methods within philosophy for
feminist goals. Some, for example, have found the methods of analytic philosophy to
provide clarity of both form and argumentation not found in some schools of
Continental philosophy, while others have argued that such alleged clarity comes at
the expense of rhetorical styles and methodological approaches that provide insights
into affective, psychic, or embodied components of human experience. Other
feminists find approaches within American pragmatism to provide the clarity of form
and argumentation sometimes missing in Continental approaches and the connection
to real world concerns sometimes missing in analytic approaches.

Founded in 1982 as a venue for feminist philosophical scholarship, Hypatia: A

Journal of Feminist Philosophy has embraced a diversity of methodological
approaches in feminist philosophy, publishing work from all three traditions. Feminist
scholarship in each of these traditions is also advanced and supported though
scholarly exchange at various professional societies, including the Society for Women
in Philosophy, founded in the United States in 1972. Additionally, the Society for
Analytical Feminism, founded in 1991, promotes the study of issues in feminism by
methods broadly construed as analytic, to examine the use of analytic methods as
applied to feminist issues, and to provide a means by which those interested in
analytical feminist can meet and exchange ideas. philoSOPHIA was established in
2005 to promote Continental feminist scholarly and pedagogical development. The
Society for the Study of Women Philosophers was established in 1987 to promote the
study of the contributions of women to the history of philosophy. Similar
organizations and journals on many continents continue to advance scholarship in
feminist philosophy.

Many of the ways in which feminist philosophy is not monolithic will be discussed
below. Nevertheless, it is worth noting here at the start that although feminist
philosophers have intended that their work—unlike the traditional philosophy they
criticize—be applicable to all women and reflect the diverse experiences of women,
in practice it has not always been the case. One important limitation that feminist

7
philosophers are trying to overcome is their insufficient attention to the many
interacting ways that human beings are oppressed, for example, along lines of race,
sexuality, ability, class, religion, and nationality. Feminist philosophy strives for
inclusivity and pluralism, even if it falls short.

2.2. Empirical Review:

This chapter presents a literature and document review to help fill a gap in
knowledge, understanding and awareness of the socio-economic needs and interests
of women with disabilities.

From a critical disability theory perspective, we discuss how employment and poverty
affect the empowerment and well-being of women with disabilities in India, Nepal
and Bangladesh. We describe some of the systemic labour market, socio-cultural and
individual barriers and opportunities to employment for women with various types of
disabilities.

Our discussion provides an overview of grassroots initiatives that address the barriers
and opportunities to promote the economic well-being of women and men with
disabilities in Nepal.

We conclude with recommendations to improve the employment outcomes for

women with disabilities as a social determinant of health. We argue that access to
paid employment as a human right, as outlined in the UNCRPD, has specific
relevance for women with disabilities. Further, if we are to consider “mental health”
from the perspective of women with disabilities, we must simultaneously attend to
discrimination against women with psycho-social disabilities (who may or may not be
otherwise disabled) and to distress related to a greater likelihood of experiencing
social exclusion, violence, oppression, and economic insecurity. In aligning with the
theme of the book, we highlight the strengths and abilities of women with disabilities.
The chapter aims to help raise awareness of the multidimensional aspects of the many
benefits and challenges of employment for women with disabilities and to highlight
potential opportunities for transformative change.

There is an increasing body of evidence on the extent and predictors of violence

against women in Nepal. However, much of the published research does not yet take
into account additional features of marginalization and vulnerability suffered by some
women – for example, women socially excluded on account of their disability.
Critical gaps exist in empirical data on the extent, risk factors, access to care, socio-
economic and health consequences of violence among women with disabilities in
Nepal. This paper addresses some these gaps and aims to promote evidence-informed
policy and programme responses in Nepal.

8
This study reviews the attitudes and behaviors in rural Nepalese society towards
women with disabilities, their pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. Society often
perceives people with disabilities as different from the norm, and women with
disabilities are frequently considered to be doubly discriminated against. Studies show
that negative perceptions held in many societies undervalue women with disabilities
and that there is discomfort with questions of their control over pregnancy, childbirth
and motherhood, thus limiting their sexual and reproductive rights. Public attitudes
towards women with disabilities have a significant impact on their life experiences,
opportunities and help-seeking behaviors. Numerous studies in the global literature
concentrate on attitudes towards persons with disabilities, however there have been
few studies in Nepal and fewer still specifically on women.

Women with disabilities face significant challenges from family and society in every
sphere of their reproductive lives including pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood.
There is a need for social policy to raise public awareness and for improved advocacy
to mitigate misconception about disability and promote disabled women’s sexual and
reproductive rights.

2.3. Policy Review:

For a long time, disability in Nepal has primarily been a family concern and
occasionally it has received some focus from public charity (in bigger urban centers
like Kathmandu) and private philanthropy (in and around popular religious locations).
Within a family also it is still a common practice to use the stigmatizing tag of
"disfavor" with disabled conditions of family members and most of the families in
Nepal still consider disability as a punishment for all the depravities and wickedness
disable persons have committed in their past lives. Besides, the burden of disability is
mostly put on the mothers of disabled child. The beginnings of disability policy in
Nepal are quite recent. In the following year of International Year of Disabled Persons
as proclaimed by the United Nations in 1981, Nepal enacted the Disabled Protection
and Welfare Act, 1982 (the "DPW Act") National Policy and Plan of Action on
Disability (GoN, 2006). Moreover, it was only after 1992, almost ten years later, the
series of different legislations started to emerge such as the Education Act of 1992,
Child Rights Acts of 1992 and Local Self-Government Act 1999 that have indirectly
helped to bring forward PWD conditions closer to the policy makers.

In 1994, the Disabled Protection and Welfare Regulation (the "DPW Regulation")
was framed to implement the DPW Act. Nepal signed the Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities (the "CRPD") and the Optional Protocol to the
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (the "Optional Protocol") on 3
January 2008, and also ratified them on 27 December 2009. The CRPD and Optional
Protocol came into its strength for Nepal on 6 June 2010. However, the important
changes have been only initiated after 2006, following the decade long conflict that

9
has forced Nepal to provide political high priority to social inclusion and human
rights, including those of PWDs.

The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 (the "Constitution") guarantees human rights and
fundamental freedom to all its citizens. Hence, different measures have been
identified to end all forms of discrimination against PWDs and a number of very
specific provisions have been made for PWD representation in Federal and Provincial
Assemblies (NFDN, 2015). Furthermore, many new laws are required to support the
constitutional provisions for implementation of the constitutional provisions. This
policy review has been divided into the following sections: The first section identifies
all the different affirmative measures that have been announced by the Government to
protect the rights of the disabled people and to support the development of a disabled
friendly environment. Then, this section is followed by the review of policy
implementation of different policy and program measures that have been announced
so far. Resources for disability highlights the one-year budget that was allocated for
the disability related programs by government. Inclusive education is an integral
subject of this extensive review which is highlighted in the section followed by the
review of Children and Disability. Similarly, there is a section on the review of
women, and disability and on community based rehabilitations. Finally, the policy
review completes with some of the conclusions drawn from the overall review. There
are number of conclusions regarding policies for PWDs in Nepal.

In 2006 Government of Nepal (GoN, 2006) announced its most comprehensive policy
document dealing with the affirmative decisions including positive discrimination of
PWDs in Nepal. The Government announced quotas for PWDs in training programs
conducted by the government organizations, employment within government agencies
and also for the private organizations that hire more than 25 persons. It was
announced for the first time a commitment to enforce constructions standards to make
all public buildings and places friendlier to PWDs. In the area of public transport
concessions and seat reservations were proposed for PWDs. Inclusive education was
proposed for free pre- primary and higher level education for PWDs and also for the
construction of disabled friendly school infrastructures. In the area of health, the
policy was proposed to provide free basic health services at the government hospitals
and health centers for PWDs. It was also mentioned that the production of assistive
devices and products would be expanded including those programs that pre- detect
disability, early screening, distribution of iodized salt, iron tablets, vaccines, and
Vitamin A. Based on the different policies that have been announced so far, it is
apparent that the Government of Nepal has been quite active on the policy
formulation front on disability recently. The Initial Report of GoN on the Measures
taken for the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities (GoN, 2014) has further elaborated about the disability policy in Nepal.
The DPW Act defines a person with disability to mean and include a citizen of Nepal

10
who is either physically or mentally unable or handicapped to do normal daily
lifework, who is blind, deaf, dull, has a crippled, limb, is lame and handicapped with
one leg broken, or is handicapped with one hand broken or is feeble minded. While
General Principles and Obligations are spelled out in the Constitution of Nepal, other
provisions can be found in The Civil Liberties Act, 1954 (the "CLA") and the General
Code (Muluki Ain) 1963, The 1982 DPW Act and DPW Regulation 1994, Interim
Plan of Nepal (2013-2015), National Human Rights Action Plan ("NHRAP" (2010-
2013).

The Initial Report ( GoN , 2014 ) identifies specific rights under 33 different Articles
such as Equality and non‐discrimination, Women with disabilities , Children with
Disabilities, Awareness Raising, Accessibility, Right to life, Situation of Risks and
Humanitarian Emergency, Equal Recognition before the Law , Access to Justice
Liberty and Security of the Person , Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment, Freedom from Exploitation, Violence and Abuse,
Protecting the Integrity of the Person, Liberty of Movement and Nationality ,Living
Independently and Being Included in the Community , Personal mobility , Freedom of
Expression and Opinion, and Access to Information , Respect for Privacy, Respect for
Home and Family , Education , Health , Habilitation and Rehabilitation , Work and
Employment , Adequate Standard of Living and Social Protection, Participation in
Political and Public Life, Participation in Cultural Life, Recreation, Leisure and
Sports , Statistics and Data Collection , International Cooperation , National
Implementation and Monitoring The Ministry of Women, Children and Social
Welfare (MOWCSW) has been designated as the focal ministry responsible for the
coordination of all PWD related activities within government and non-government
institutions. The GoN has also nominated a first class officer (Joint Secretary) as a
focal person for disability in each Ministry. The focal person should ensure that the
provisions of the CRPD are implemented by the Ministry. The central and regional
offices of the NHRC monitor the human rights violations, register the cases of human
rights violations and take necessary actions against those violating PWD human
rights.

11
2.2 Conceptual Framework:

- Employment participation
- Employment awareness
-Interest in Employment
Education
Causes -Knowledge development
-Leadership ability
-Communication toward education
-Education negligence
-Women education priority
-Education importance
-Education blockage
Employment
of Women
with
-Age
-Class Disabilities
Impact -Education
-Employment
-Marriage
-Family
-Patriarchy
-Gender
-Social relation
-Culture

Chapter III
Research Methodology

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3.1 Research Design

Since, this study aims to analyze contributing factors for education status of
employment of women with disabilities . Also, the access of women in
education and employment. The research design is descriptive Analytical as well as
exploratory. Descriptive analytical as well as exploratory research design will be
applied for the collection of information about respondents view, idea and perspective
will explore the contributing factors and variables for disabilities women
employment status.

3.2 Selection of the study Area

Bandipur VDC ward no. 2, Tanahun District will be selected for the study because of
the following reasons:
The study area will be accessible for the researcher to complete this study. Such type
of research will not be done in this study area. So, it will be new field of research on
disabilities women employment status. More than that the study will give new
direction of upcoming program that will give direction to the disabilities women and
their Employment.

3.3 Nature and Source of Data

Qualitative and Quantitative Nature of data and Primary and Secondary will be used
to collect the data from field. The primary data will be collected by the Researcher
personally conducting field report whereas secondary data will be collected from the
relevant available materials such as books journals project reports and article and so
on.

3.4 Universe and Sample

Among the researchable area the researcher will choose 15 sample and by using the
convenience sampling process. Out of the researchable respondents women above 20
will be selected for this study.

3.5 Data Collection Tools and Techniques

3.5.1 Interview Schedule

The interview schedule will be prepared to elicit information to the objective of the
study. The questionnaire will design to collect both qualitative and quantitative
information as a personal history of the respondents their present education, marital
status age and questionnaire will be prepared as per the research objective and
conceptual framework.

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3.5.2 Observation

Observation in the study area will provide so much of information, which is good
technique of the data collection. In this study physical condition, working condition,
perspective, opportunity, security and environment of the corporation will be
observed. By this observation some relevant information will be taken which helps to
study the status of education status of the disabilities women and their Employment.

3.6 Data Analysis and Interpretation

The data collection through various technique and tools during the research will be
analyzed in the subsequent chapter using both descriptive and statistical method of
analysis. The collected data will be processed, classified according to their Nature and
presented by applying simple statistical tools. (Percentage, Tabulation and diagram)

3.7 Reliability and Validity of Data

Validity refers to how well a test measures and what it will supposed to measure. Data
will used in this study will check with the Bandipur VDC ward no. 2, records and
others records of the village like cooperative and Bandipur VDC ward no. 2, office
and document. In the same way Reliability of this study will be measured by taking
cross check for that it will test the data and its reliable will be used in this study.

3.8 Ethical Consideration

Researcher will maintain the confidentiality of respondents, biasness and maintaining

the ethical process and will follow, ethical consideration during research by not
modifying, not using the data for personal benefit. Also, the unnecessary and personal
matter were not been asked while collecting data.

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15