ANSWERS - Tutorial sheet on Wave functions
1. 12 cos x° + 5 sin x° = k cos(x − α)°
= k cos x cos α + k sin x sin α
k cos α = 12, k sin α = 5
‘α’ is in the 1st quadrant
−1 5
S A
α = tan = 22.6° and k = √ 122+ 52 = 13
12
Hence, 12 cos x° + 5 sin x° = 13 cos(x – 22.6)°
2. 8 cos x° + 15 sin x° = k cos(x − α)°
= k cos x cos α + k sin x sin α
k cos α = 8, k sin α = 15
‘α’ is in the 1st quadrant
−1 15
α = tan = 61.9° and k = √ 82 +152 = 17
8
Hence, 8 cos x° + 15 sin x° = 17 cos(x – 61.9)°
Minimum value of 8 cos x° + 15 sin x° = −17
It occurs when x – 61.9° = 180°
x = 180° + 61.9° = 241.9°
3. (a) 3cos x° − 4sin x° = k cos(x + α)°
= k cos x cos α − k sin x sin α
k cos α = 3, k sin α = 4
‘α’ is in the 1st quadrant
4
= 53.1° and k = √ 32 +4 2 = 5
−1
α = tan
3
Hence, 3cos x° − 4 sin x° = 5 cos(x + 53.1)°
(b) Minimum value of 3cos x° − 4 sin x° − 2 = −5 – 2 = − 7
It occurs when x + 53.1° = 180°
x = 180° − 53.1° = 126.9°
4. (a) √ 2 sin x° − 3 cos x° = k cos(x − α)°
= k cos x cos α + k sin x sin α
k cos α = −3, k sin α = √ 2
T C
‘α’ is in the 2nd quadrant
−1 √ 2
α =180° − tan
3
= 154.8° and k = √ √ 2 +3
2 2
= √ 11
Hence, √ 2 sin x° − 3 cos x° = √ 11 cos(x – 154.8)°
(b) 6cos x° − 5sin x°= k cos(x − α)°
= k cos x cos α + k sin x sin α
k cos α =6, k sin α = −5 S A
‘α’ is in the 4th quadrant
α =360° − tan
−1 5
= 320.2° and k = √ 62 +52 = √ 61 T C
6
Hence, 6 cos x °−5 sin x ° =√ 61 cos(x – 320.2)°
5. (a) √ 2 cos x° − 4sin x°= k cos(x + a)°
= k cos x cos a − k sin x sin a
k cos a = √ 2 , k sin a = 4
‘a’ is in the 1st quadrant
4
√
−1
a = tan = 70.5° and k = 4 2+ √ 22 = √ 18
√2
Hence, √ 2 cos x° − 4sin x° =√ 18 cos(x + 70.5)°
5.(b) √ 2 cos x° − 4sin x° =√ 5 for 0°≤ x ≤ 360°
√ 18 cos(x + 70.5)° = √ 5 for 0° + 70.5°≤ (x + 70.5°) ≤ 360°+ 70.5°
cos(x + 70.5)° =
√ 5
18
for 70.5° ≤ (x + 70.5)° ≤ 430.5°
(x + 70.5)° = 58.2°, 301.8°, 418.2°
x = 301.8°− 70.5°, 418.2°− 70.5°
x = 231.3°, 347.7°
Hence, x = 231.3°, 347.7°
6. (a) 6 sin x° − 2 cos x°= k sin(x − a)°
= k sin x cos a − k cos x sin a
k cos a = 6 , k sin a = 2
‘a’ is in the 1st quadrant
2
= 18.4° and k = √ 62 +22 = √ 40
−1
a = tan
6
Hence, 6 sin x °−2 cos x °= √ 40 sin(x − 18.4)°
(b) 6 sin x° − 2 cos x° =√ 20 for 0°≤ x ≤ 360°
√ 40 sin(x − 18.4)° =√ 20 for 0°− 18.4° ≤( x − 18.4)° ≤ 360°− 18.4°
sin(x − 18.4)° =
√ 1
2
for − 18.4° ≤( x − 18.4)° ≤ 341.6°
x − 18.4° = 45°, 135°
x = 45° + 18.4°, 135° + 18.4°
x = 63.4°, 153.4°
(c) For x- intercept nearest to origin, 6 sin x° − 2 cos x° = 0 or 6 sin x° = 2 cos x°
2
√ 40 sin(x − 18.4)° = 0 tan x° =
6
−1 2
sin(x − 18.4)° = 0 x = tan = 18.4°
6
x − 18.4° = 0° So x = 18.4°
7. (a) √ 6 cos x° + √ 6 sin x°= k cos(x + a)° = k cos x cos a − k sin x sin a
k cos a = √ 6 , k sin a = −√ 6
‘a’ is in the 4th quadrant
−1 √ 6
a =360° − tan = 315° and k = √ 12
√6
Hence, √ 6 cos x° + √ 6 sin x°= √ 12 cos( x + 315)°
(b) 3 + √ 6 cos x° + √ 6 sin x° = 3.8 for 0°≤ x ≤ 360°
√ 6 cos x° + √ 6 sin x° = 0.8
√ 12 cos( x + 315)° = 0.8 for 0°+ 315° ≤ (x + 315)° ≤ 360°+ 315°
0.8
cos( x + 315)° = for 315° ≤ (x + 315)° ≤ 675°
√12
x + 315° = 76.6°, 283.4°, 436.6°, 643.4°
x = 436.6°− 315°, 643.4°− 315°
x = 121.6°, 328.4°
(c) For x- intercept nearest to origin,
√ 6 cos x° + √ 6 sin x° = 0 or √ 6 cos x°= − √ 6 sin x°
√ 12 cos( x + 315)° = 0 tan x° = −1
cos(x + 315)° = 0 x = 135°
x + 315° = 90°
So x = −225(+360°) = 135°
8. (a) 3 sin x°+ cos x°= k sin(x + a)°
= k sin x cos a + k cos x sin a
3 sin x°+ cos x°= √ 1 0 sin(x + 18.4)°
(b) Maximum value of 5 + 3 sin x°+ cos x°= 5 + √ 10 sin(x +18.4)°= 5 + √ 10
And it occurs when x + 18.4° = 90°
x = 90°− 18.4°= 71.6°
9. (a) cos x° − 7sin x°= k cos(x + a)°
= k cos x cos a − k sin x sin a
cos x° − 7sin x°=√ 5 0 cos(x + 81.9)°
(b) Minimum value of 7√ 2 + cos x° − 7sin x°= 7√ 2 + √ 50 cos(x + 81.9)°
= (7√ 2 − √ 50 ) or 2√ 2
And it occurs when x + 81.9° = 180°
x = 180°− 81.9°= 98.1°
10. √ 3 sin θ° − 3 cos θ°= 2, 0°≤ θ < 360°
√ 3 sin θ° − 3 cos θ°= k cos(θ − α)° = k cos θ cos α + k sin θ sin α
k cos α = −3, k sin α = √ 3
‘α’ is in the 2nd quadrant
α = 150° and k =√ 12
S A
Solving, √ 12 cos(θ − 150)° = 2, 0°− 150°≤ θ− 150° < 360°− 150°
2
T C
cos(θ − 150)° = − 150°≤ (θ− 150°) < 210°
√12
θ − 150° = 54.7°
θ = 204.7°
θ = 1.14π
11. 5 sin x° − 12 cos x°= 2.6, 0°≤ x < 360°
13sin(x – 67.4)° = 2.6
2.6
sin(x – 67.4)° = for − 67.4° ≤( x − 67.4)° ≤ 292.6°
13
x – 67.4° = 11.5°,168.5°
x = 78.9°, 235.9°
12.
