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1. The autobiography Diyaslai belongs to which Explanation

Nobel Prize laureate? ▪ NASA is preparing to deploy the first mobile
a) Amartya Sen b) Kailash Satyarthi network on the Moon.
c) Malala Yousafzai d) Rabindranath Tagore ▪ This groundbreaking development is part of
Ans: b Intuitive Machines' IM-2 mission and will see
the launch of the Athena lander, which will
Explanation set up the Lunar Surface Communication
▪ The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the System (LSCS).
Arts (IGNCA), an autonomous body under the ▪ The LSCS, developed by Nokia, will utilise the
Ministry of Culture, in collaboration with the same cellular technology used on Earth to
Satyarthi Movement for Global Compassion, establish connectivity on the lunar surface.
organized a literary discussion on Kailash ▪ The mobile network will enable high-
Satyarthi’s autobiography Diyaslai. definition video streaming, command-and-
▪ Kailash Satyarthi - Nobel Peace Prize 2014 control communications, and telemetry data
▪ “for their struggle against the suppression of transfer between the lander and lunar
children and young people and for the right vehicles.
of all children to education” ▪ This network is designed to withstand the
harsh conditions of space, including extreme
2. Which bank has emerged as India’s highest-rated temperatures, radiation, and the vibrations
bank in sustainability, according to the S&P Global experienced during launch and landing.
Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) 2024? ▪ The mission will also involve two lunar
a) HDFC Bank b) ICICI Bank mobility vehicles: the Intuitive Machines
c) Yes Bank d) State Bank of India Micro-Nova Hopper and Lunar Outpost’s
Ans: c Mobile Autonomous Prospecting Platform
(MAPP) rover
Explanation ▪ These vehicles will use Nokia’s device modules
▪ Yes Bank has emerged as India’s highest-rated to connect to the network established by the
bank in sustainability for the third Athena lander.
consecutive year, as per the S&P Global ▪ In addition to the mobile network
Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) deployment, NASA will also conduct its Polar
2024 and the Carbon Disclosure Project Resources Ice Mining Experiment 1 (PRIME-1).
(CDP).
▪ With a CSA score of 72/100, Yes Bank is the NASA's vision for returning humans to the Moon by
only Indian bank featured in the S&P Global 2027
Sustainability Yearbook 2025, which ▪ NASA’s Artemis program aims to return
recognizes the top 15% of global banking astronauts to the Moon by 2027 and establish
leaders based on ESG (environmental, social, a permanent presence in the 2030s.
and governance) performance.
▪ CDP Rating A- (Leadership Band) 4. What is Bollgard-3?
(A) A genetically modified variety of maize
3. Consider the following statements regarding the (B) A drought-resistant dwarf variety of rice
Lunar Surface Communication System (LSCS): (C) A high-yielding and pest resistant variety of wheat
1. It is being developed by NASA in collaboration (D) A pest-resistant genetically modified cotton variety
with Nokia. Ans: d
2. It will use the same cellular technology as
Earth-based networks. Explanation
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Increasing demand for Bollgard-3 in Punjab
A) 1 only B) 2 only
C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2 About Bollgard-3
Ans: b ▪ It is a new pest-resistant genetically-modified
(GM) cotton variety.

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▪ It was developed by Monsanto more than a 7. Where was the integrated Tri-Service Special
decade ago, and shows remarkable resistance Forces exercise "Exercise Desert Hunt 2025"
to pests. conducted?
▪ It contains three Bt proteins Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab A) Air Force Station Hindon
and Vip3A that cause insect death by B) Air Force Station Jodhpur
disrupting their normal gut function. This in C) Air Force Station Gwalior
turn allows for the growth of a healthier D) Air Force Station Agra
cotton crop, and increases yield. Ans: b
▪ These insecticidal proteins derived from the
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Explanation
commonly used in genetically modified crops ▪ EXERCISE DESERT HUNT 2025 at Air Force
to provide resistance against lepidopteran Station Jodhpur from 24 to 28 February 2025.
pests like bollworms ▪ It is an integrated Tri-Service Special Forces
exercise conducted by the Indian Air Force.
5. What is the theme for World Wildlife Day 2024? ▪ The exercise involved elite Para (Special
a) "Sustaining Wildlife for the Future" Forces) from the Indian Army, the Marine
b) "Conserving Biodiversity: A Global Commitment" Commandos from the Indian Navy along with
c) "Wildlife Conservation Finance: Investing in People the Garud (Special Forces) from the Indian
and Planet" Air Force, participating together in a
d) "Protecting Endangered Species for a Sustainable simulated combat environment.
Tomorrow" ▪ Aim: This high-intensity drill was aimed at
Ans: c enhancing interoperability, coordination and
synergy among the three Special Forces units
Explanation
▪ March 3 is observed as World Wildlife Day 8. What is the primary objective of Firefly
▪ Declared by United Nations General Assembly Aerospace's Blue Ghost Mission 1?
(UNGA) on 20th December 2013 a) To transport astronauts to the lunar surface
▪ This day holds significance as the day that the b) To deploy communication satellites in lunar orbit
Convention on International Trade in c) To conduct scientific research and technology
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora demonstrations on the Moon
(CITES) was signed in 1973. d) To establish a permanent lunar base
▪ THEME: “Wildlife Conservation Finance: Ans: c
Investing in People and Planet”
Explanation
6. Which country is hosting the first Swayambhu ▪ Private lunar lander Blue Ghost touches
Festival? down on the moon with a special delivery for
a) India b) Sri Lanka c) Bhutan d) Nepal NASA
Ans: d ▪ Private space firm Firefly Aerospace
announced the successful landing of its Blue
Explanation Ghost Mission 1 on the Moon’s surface.
Nepal: Swayambhu Festival promotes local art and ▪ The achievement marks the first fully
culture successful commercial Moon landing in
▪ The first Swayambhu Festival is being held by history, furthering Nasa’s partnership with
Kathmandu Municipal Corporation from private industry to advance lunar
February 22 to March 1 to promote local exploration.
identity and potential. ▪ Only the second private mission to achieve
▪ The festival is being organized with the the milestone - and the first to do so upright.
objective of promoting natural beauty, ▪ Mission nicknamed "Ghost Riders in the Sky”
religious, cultural and social structures, ▪ In February 2024, Intuitive Machines became
customs and traditions, ancient monuments the first private company to achieve a soft
lunar landing - also the first U.S. landing since
the crewed Apollo 17 mission of 1972

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▪ Blue Ghost, roughly the size of a compact car, Explanation

launched on January 15 aboard a SpaceX Vidarbha clinch their third Ranji Trophy title
Falcon 9 rocket. ▪ Vidarbha won their third Ranji Trophy title,
▪ The lander uncrewed touchdown near an courtesy their first innings lead in the final
ancient volcanic vent on Mare Crisium, a against Kerala as the summit clash ended in a
basin on the Moon’s Earth-facing side. draw on the fifth and final day
▪ The lander is carrying 10 scientific
instruments What is Ranji Trophy?
▪ The mission aligns with Nasa’s strategy of ▪ The Ranji Trophy founded by the Board of
using private companies for lunar exploration Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), was named
under the Artemis programme. after one of India’s first test cricketer,
Ranjitsinhji, who played for England and
9. Who won the doubles title at the Dubai Tennis Sussex.
Championships 2025? ▪ Ranjitsinhji known as ‘Father of Indian
a) Rohan Bopanna and Matthew Ebden cricket’, never actually played for India.
b) Yuki Bhambri and Alexei Popyrin ▪ The Ranji Trophy can be summed up as
c) Ramkumar Ramanathan and Saketh Myneni a domestic first-class cricket series played by
d) Novak Djokovic and Carlos Alcaraz various regional teams against one another.
Ans: b ▪ The series was announced in 1934, and the
initial fixtures took place in 1934-
Explanation 35. Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala
India’s Yuki Bhambri and Australian Alexei Popyrin won donated the trophy.
the doubles title at the Dubai Tennis Championships
2025 Other Domestic Cricket Tournaments
▪ Duleep Trophy
10. Which state launched the state-level Cordon and ▪ Vijay Hazare Trophy
Search Operation (CASO) named “Yudh Nasheyan ▪ Deodhar Trophy
Virudh” to combat drug smuggling? ▪ Irani Cup
a) Punjab b) Haryana ▪ On completion of 25 years of the
c) Rajasthan d) Uttar Pradesh Ranji Trophy Championship, The BCCI
Ans: a inaugurated the Irani Trophy in 1960.
▪ Irani Cup sees a match annually
Explanation between the Ranji Trophy champions
▪ Punjab police launch drive against drug of the preceding year and rest of
menace on war footing. Indian team.
▪ A state-level Cordon and Search Operation ▪ Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy:
(CASO) named “Yudh Nasheyan Virudh” was ▪ Introduced in the year 2008-09 - is
conducted by the police over 900 Police a Twenty20 cricket domestic
teams, comprising over 8, 000 police championship, among the teams
personnel raided about 800 places in the from Ranji Trophy.
state.
▪ This has led to the arrest of 290 drug 12. How many total medals did India win at the
smugglers and registering more than 230 first World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2025?
information reports (FIRs). A) 120 B) 134 C) 150 D) 98
Ans: b
11. Which team won the Ranji Trophy title 2024-25?
a) Mumbai b) Karnataka Explanation
c) Saurashtra d) Vidarbha India Tops Medal Tally at World Para Athletics Grand
Ans: d Prix 2025 in New Delhi
▪ India at the World Para Athletics Grand Prix
2025 , finished on top of the medal table with

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a total of 134 medals, including 45 gold, 40 14. Which of the following is NOT a sub-component
silver and 49 bronze in New Delhi. of the Livestock Health and Disease Control
▪ The New Delhi World Para Athletics Grand Prix Programme (LHDCP)?
was the first international para event hosted A) Critical Animal Disease Control Programme (CADCP)
by India. B) Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM)
C) Establishment and Strengthening of Existing
13. Match the Following (97th Academy Awards - Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries - Mobile
Oscars 2025): Veterinary Unit (ESVHD-MVU)
Category Winner D) Assistance to States for Control of Animal Diseases
1 Best Director A. Sean Baker (ASCAD)
2 Best Actress B. Anora Ans: b
3 Best Picture C. Mikey Madison
Select the correct answer using the code given Explanation
below: ▪ The Union Cabinet approved the revision of
A) 1 - A, 2 - C, 3 – B B) 1 - A, 2 - B, 3 - C the Livestock Health and Disease Control
C) 1 - C, 2 - B, 3 – A D) 1 - C, 2 - A, 3 - B Programme (LHDCP) with a total outlay of
Ans: a ₹3,880 crore for two years, 2024-25 and 2025-
26.
Explanation ▪ The scheme aims to boost livestock
Oscars 2025 | List of winners at the 97th Academy productivity, which is adversely impacted by
Awards diseases such as foot and mouth disease
▪ Venue - Dolby Theatre at Ovation Hollywood (FMD), brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants
▪ Anora was the big winner at the Oscars, (PPR), classical swine fever (CSF), and lumpy
winning five awards including best actress for skin disease, among others.
breakout star Mikey Madison, and a record- ▪ The scheme consists of two components: the
breaking four prizes for its director Sean Baker. National Animal Disease Control Programme
▪ Baker became the first person to personally (NADCP) and Livestock Health & Disease
win four Academy Awards for a single film - Control (LH&DC). Additionally, a new
for directing, editing, writing and producing component, Pashu Aushadhi, has been
Anora. introduced.
▪ LH&DC has three sub-components:
Adrien Brody sets record for longest Oscar ▪ Critical Animal Disease Control
acceptance speech for ‘The Brutalist’ win (5 minutes Programme (CADCP)
and 40 seconds) ▪ Establishment and Strengthening of
existing Veterinary Hospitals and
Winner Category Dispensaries – Mobile Veterinary Unit
Anora Best Picture (ESVHD-MVU)
Sean Baker Oscar for Best Director for ▪ Assistance to States for Control of
‘Anora’ Animal Diseases (ASCAD).
Mikey Madison Oscar for Best Actress for ‘Anora’ ▪ The implementation of the LHDCP will help
Adrien Brody Oscar for Best Actor for ‘The reduce these losses by preventing diseases
Brutalist’ through immunization
Zoe Saldana Best Supporting Actress for ▪ The scheme also supports doorstep delivery
‘Emilia Perez’ of livestock healthcare through mobile
Kieran Culkin Best Supporting Actor for A real veterinary units (ESVHD-MVU).
Pain
▪ Additionally, it will improve the availability of
Emilia Perez Best Original Song
generic veterinary medicine under Pashu
‘I’m Still Here’ Oscar for Best International
Aushadhi through a network of PM-Kisan
(by Walter Feature (Brazil’s submission)
Samriddhi Kendras and Cooperative Societies.
Salles)
‘No Other Land’ Oscar for Best Documentary ▪ The initiative is also expected to enhance
Feature productivity, generate employment,
‘Flow’ Oscar for Best Animated Feature encourage entrepreneurship in rural areas,

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and prevent economic losses for farmers due challenging 16-km uphill trek from
to the disease burden Gaurikund.
▪ The 12.4 km Hemkund Sahib-Govindghat
15. In which wildlife sanctuary were the newly Ropeway will be developed at a total capital
discovered jumping spider species, Epidelaxia cost of ₹2,730.13 crore.
falciformis sp. nov. and Epidelaxia palustris sp. nov., ▪ Capacity – 1100 passenger per hour per
identified? direction (11000 passengers per day)
A) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary ▪ Hemkund Sahib Gurudwara is a highly-
B) Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary revered pilgrimage site situated at an
C) Silent Valley National Park elevation of 15,000 ft in Chamoli district of
D) Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve Uttarakhand.
Ans: b ▪ The Gurudwara is open for about five months
in a year between May and September
Explanation ▪ The trek to Hemkund Sahib also serves as the
▪ Two new species of jumping spiders gateway to the famous Valley of Flowers, a
discovered in Western Ghats national park recognized as the UNESCO
▪ University of Kerala has reported the World Heritage site, located in the Garhwal
discovery of two new species of jumping Himalayas.
spiders belonging to the genus Epidelaxia
from the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary. 17. What is the surveillance range of China’s Large
▪ This marks the first time the genus has been Phased Array Radar (LPAR)?
recorded from India, extending its known A) 3,000 km B) 4,000 km C) 5,000 km D) 6,000 km
range from Sri Lanka to other parts of the Ans: c
subcontinent.
▪ The two new species, Epidelaxia falciformis sp. Explanation
nov. and Epidelaxia palustris sp. nov. China deployed a powerful Large Phased Array Radar
(LPAR) in Yunnan province near the China-Myanmar
16. What is the total length of the ropeway project border
connecting Sonprayag to Kedarnath? ▪ Large Phased Array Radar boasts
A) 10.5 km B) 12.9 km C) 14.2 km D) 15.3 km a surveillance range exceeding 5,000
Ans: b kilometers, allowing China to monitor
extensive areas of the Indian Ocean and deep
Explanation into Indian territory.
▪ The Union Cabinet approved the construction ▪ It possesses the capability to detect and track
of two ropeways — 12.9 km ropeway from ballistic missile launches in real time.
Sonprayag to Kedarnath and 12.4 km ▪ Unlike traditional radars, which rely on
ropeway from Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib mechanical rotation, LPARs use electronically
— in Uttarakhand. controlled antennas to scan vast
▪ The 12.9 km project connecting Kedarnath areas almost instantly.
and Sonprayag will be developed at a total ▪ This allows them to track multiple targets
capital cost of ₹4,081.28 crore ▪ Such radars play a critical role in early
▪ The ropeway is planned to be developed in warning systems and air defence networks.
public-private partnership with a design ▪ Besides China, only the US and Russia have
capacity of 1,800 passengers per hour per the LPAR system.
direction (PPHPD) carrying 18,000 passengers
per day. Concerns for India
▪ The Kedarnath temple, one of the 12 sacred ▪ The Yunnan-based LPAR can monitor deep
Jyotirlingas, is situated at an elevation of into Indian territory and track missile tests
3,583 m (11968 ft) in Uttarakhand’s conducted from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island
Rudraprayag district. off India's eastern coast.
▪ The journey to the temple which is opened ▪ This site is crucial for testing strategic
only for about six months a year, includes a weapons like the Agni-V intercontinental

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ballistic missile and the K-4 submarine- 20. As per the report "Population Status of River
launched missile. Dolphin in India," what is the recorded population of
riverine dolphins in the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and
18. Which of the following risks are covered under Indus River systems?
the ‘Gosamrudhi’ insurance scheme for dairy farmers A) 5,977 B) 6,327 C) 6,688 D) 7,125
and their cattle? Ans: b
a) Loss of grazing land
b) Animal death and decline in milk yield Explanation
c) Increase in cattle feed prices First-ever survey finds over 6,300 river dolphins in
d) Veterinary treatment costs India
Ans: b ▪ The first population estimation of riverine
dolphins in India has revealed the presence of
Explanation 6,327 dolphins in the Ganga, Brahmaputra
▪ The ‘Gosamrudhi’ insurance scheme for dairy and Indus River systems, according to a
farmers and cattle under their care, a joint government report published.
venture between the Central and State ▪ The Ganges River dolphin, known for its
governments under the National Livestock unique features, is found in the Ganga-
Mission, has been launched in Ernakulam Brahmaputra-Meghna river system and its
district, Kerala. tributaries across India, Bangladesh, Nepal,
▪ The insurance scheme provides coverage to and Bhutan.
dairy farmers and their cattle, including cows ▪ A small population of the Indus river dolphin,
and buffaloes, against risks such as animal a close relative of the Ganges river dolphin, is
death and a decline in milk yield. found in the Indus River system in India.
▪ For an animal costing around ₹65,000, the ▪ As part of "Project Dolphin", a
insurance premium will be ₹1,356 for general comprehensive survey was conducted for the
category farmers and ₹774 for those in the first time to estimate the population of river
SC/ST category. dolphins across eight states -- Uttar Pradesh,
▪ For a three-year cover, the premium will be Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
₹3,319 for the general category and ₹1,892 West Bengal, Assam and Punjab.
for the SC/ST category. ▪ It is one of the world's largest freshwater
▪ Paying a premium of ₹100 will provide an surveys, covering the entire range of the
accident cover of ₹5 lakh for the farmer. All Ganges river dolphin in the Ganga and
3,325 milch animals and their owners are Brahmaputra, as well as the Indus river
entitled to this insurance cover. dolphin in the Beas river, according to the
report "Population Status of River Dolphin in
19. Steve Smith, who recently announced his India"
retirement from One Day International (ODI) cricket, ▪ The survey estimated 6,327 Ganges river
represents which country? dolphins (range: 5,977-6,688) and three Indus
A) Australia B) England river dolphins.
C) South Africa D) New Zealand ▪ PM Modi announced Project Dolphin on
Ans: a August 15, 2020, to conserve dolphins and
other aquatic ecosystems.
Explanation
▪ Steve Smith has announced his retirement About Gangetic dolphin
from One Day International Cricket after top- ▪ Common Name: Susu
scoring in Australia’s ICC Champions Trophy ▪ Scientific Name: Platanista gangetica
semi-final defeat against India in Dubai gangetica.
▪ will continue to be available for Tests and
T20Is. Some characteristics:
▪ The Ganges river dolphin can only live in
freshwater.

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▪ It is essentially blind and they hunt by ▪ There are 14 Maharatna CPSEs

emitting ultrasonic sounds. ▪ Last year, Union Finance Minister Nirmala
▪ Females are larger than males and give birth Sitharaman approved the upgradation of four
once every two to three years to only one CPSEs—RailTel Corporation of India, Solar
calf. Energy Corporation of India, Satluj Jal Vidyut
Nigam, and National Hydroelectric Power
Conservation status: Corporation—to Navratna status.
▪ IUCN: Endangered
▪ Wildlife (Protection) Act: Schedule-I 23. Padmakar Shivalkar, who recently passed away,
▪ CITES: Appendix I was honored with the Col. C.K. Nayudu Lifetime
Achievement Award by the BCCI in which year?
21. Who won the ATP Challenger singles title at the a) 2015 b) 2016 c) 2017 d) 2018
Bengaluru Open 2025? Ans: c
A) Shintaro Mochizuki B) Yosuke Watanuki
C) Brandon Holt D) Maxime Cressy Explanation
Ans: c Padmakar Shivalkar passes away
▪ Shivalkar, who claimed a staggering 589
Explanation wickets in First Class cricket in 124 games at
Tennis: Brandon Holt wins Bengaluru Open Title, an enviable average of 19.74
Beats Japan in Final ▪ in a career spanning a quarter of a century,
▪ Brandon Holt of the USA clinched Bengaluru was among the chief architects of Mumbai’s
Open 2025 tennis . 15-season winning streak in the Ranji Trophy.
▪ This was the ninth edition of the ATP ▪ Shivalkar, along with fellow left-arm spinner
Challenger 125 tennis tournament. Rajinder Goel, was conferred the Col. C.K.
Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award by the
22. Consider the following statements: Board of Control for Cricket in India in 2017
1. The Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)
and Indian Railway Catering and Tourism 24. Which country has recently introduced the "Blue
Corporation (IRCTC) have been accorded Visa," a 10-year residency visa for foreign nationals?
Navratna status. a) Saudi Arabia b) Oman
2. With these additions, the total number of c) Qatar d) United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Navratna CPSEs in India stands at 26. Ans: d
Which of the above given statement/s is/are correct?
A) Only 1 B) Only 2 Explanation
C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2 UAE Introduces Blue Visa: 10-Year Residency for
Ans: c Foreigners
For professionals and contributors working in the
Explanation areas of sustainability, environmental protection, and
▪ Navratan Status granted to two Enterprises climate change, the New Blue Visa System provides a
of Railways 10-year resident visa.
▪ Navratna status to the the Indian Railway
Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) 25. What is the primary objective of the Cities
25th and the Indian Railway Finance Coalition for Circularity (C-3) launched by India?
Corporation (IRFC) 26th . A) Facilitating international investment in urban
▪ The government categorises all Public Sector infrastructure projects
Undertakings (PSUs) into three categories, B) Enhancing city-to-city collaboration, knowledge-
namely Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna. sharing, and sustainable urban development
▪ The Government had introduced the C) Establishing a regulatory framework for waste
‘Navratna’ scheme in 1997. management and emission control in megacities
▪ With these two additions, the total number of D) Promoting decentralized governance models for
Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprises circular economy initiatives
(CPSEs) has now increased to 26. Ans: b

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Explanation Explanation
▪ India launched the Cities Coalition for Reclassification of Major Minerals
Circularity (C-3), a multi-nation alliance for ▪ The Ministry of Mines (MoM) announced the
city-to-city collaboration, knowledge-sharing, re-classification of Barytes, Felspar, Mica, and
and private sector partnerships for Quartz as major minerals to enhance the
sustainable urban development. exploration and scientific mining of these
▪ It was announced at the 12th Regional 3R resources, which are key sources of many
and Circular Economy Forum in Asia and the critical minerals
Pacific in Jaipur. What are Major Minerals?
▪ It would act as a catalyst for resource ▪ Major minerals are those regulated by the
efficiency and a low-carbon economy, Central Government under the Mines and
strengthening collaboration between Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act,
policymakers, industry leaders, and 1957 (MMDR Act, 1957).
researchers to build a sustainable future. ▪ They include minerals with high economic
▪ What is a Circular Economy? and strategic significance, such as iron ore,
▪ The circular economy is a system coal, bauxite, gold, and now, Barytes, Feldspar,
where materials never become waste and Mica, and Quartz.
nature is regenerated through processes
like maintenance, reuse, refurbishment, Rules Governing Major Minerals:
remanufacture, recycling, and composting. ▪ Regulated by: The Indian Bureau of Mines
(IBM).
12th Regional 3R and Circular Economy Forum in Asia ▪ Lease Period: Up to 50 years, as per Section
and the Pacific 8A of the MMDR Act, 1957.
▪ Theme: Realizing Circular Societies Towards ▪ Revenue Collection: Earnings from these
Achieving SDGs and Carbon Neutrality in minerals accrue to state governments.
Asia-Pacific. ▪ Auction Process: Major minerals are allocated
▪ Dates: 3rd to 5th March 2025 through a competitive bidding process.
▪ Venue: Rajasthan International
Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Minerals Reclassified as Major Minerals:
▪ Organized by: Ministry of Housing and Urban ▪ Barytes: Used in oil drilling, electronics,
Affairs (India),United Nations Centre for radiation shielding, and medical applications.
Regional Development (UNCRD), ▪ Feldspar: Essential for ceramics, glass, and
and Institute for Global Environmental paints.
Strategies (IGES). ▪ Mica: Key for electrical insulation, cosmetics,
▪ Adopted the Jaipur Declaration (2025-2034), and the aerospace industry.
a nonpolitical, nonbinding commitment that ▪ Quartz: Critical for semiconductors, optics,
will guide the next decade of efforts towards and industrial applications.
resource efficiency and sustainable urban
growth. Reasons Behind Reclassification:
▪ Enhancing Critical Mineral
26. Mica, which has been reclassified as a major Exploration: Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica
mineral, is widely used in which of the following contain Beryl, Lithium, Niobium, and
industries? Tantalum, vital for energy, aerospace, and
a) Automotive and textile industries healthcare.
b) Electrical insulation, cosmetics, and aerospace ▪ Preventing Resource Misuse
industry ▪ Boosting Scientific Mining: Barytes mining
c) Agriculture and food processing often results in the simultaneous extraction of
d) Pharmaceuticals and fertilizers Antimony, Cobalt, and Silver, requiring
Ans: b advanced mining techniques.
▪ Reducing Import Dependence: Strengthening
domestic mineral supply for industries and
national security.

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27. What is the maximum financial assistance 30. Dalithan, considered the first Dalit autobiography
provided under the Mukhyamantri Ekal Mahila in Malayalam, is the autobiography of?
Swarozgar Yojana? A) K. Ayyappa Paniker B) C. Ayyappan
a) ₹50,000 b) ₹1 lakh C) KK Kochu D) P. V. Rajeev
c) ₹2 lakh d) ₹5 lakh Ans: c
Ans: c
Explanation
Explanation Noted social activist, Dalit thinker K.K. Kochu passes
▪ The Uttarakhand government has approved away
the “Mukhyamantri Ekal Mahila Swarozgar ▪ Kochu, has been credited with having
Yojana,” aimed at empowering unmarried, authored the first autobiography of a Dalit in
divorced, abandoned, destitute, and Malayalam
differently-abled single women by providing ▪ The award-winning autobiography `Dalithan’
them with financial assistance of up to 2 lakh shed light into the life of Dalits in Kerala and
rupees. delved into the caste politics that prevailed in
▪ Under this scheme, 75 per cent of the the state.
amount will be given as a grant, while ▪ In 2020, he won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi
beneficiaries will need to contribute only 25 Award for Overall Contributions.
per cent from their side.
▪ In the first phase, the government aims to 31. Which team topped the medal tally in the Khelo
benefit at least 2,000 women, with a provision India Winter Games 2025?
to increase the number of beneficiaries based A) Himachal Pradesh B) Indian Army
on the scheme’s progress. C) Jammu & Kashmir D) Uttarakhand
Ans: b
28. Who won the Cannes International Open chess
2025? Explanation
a) Pa Iniyan b) Arjun Erigaisi ▪ The fifth edition of Khelo India Winter
c) R Praggnanandhaa d) V Pranesh Games (KIWG) 2025 was held in two phases.
Ans: a The first phase was held in Ladakh from
January 23 to 27 while the second began in
Explanation Jammu and Kashmir on March 9 and ended
Indian Grandmaster Pa Iniyan won the Cannes on 12th.
International Open, defeating compatriot V Pranesh in ▪ featured more than 400 athletes from 19
the ninth and final round in Cannes, France. teams comprising states, Union Territories
and institutions, competing in disciplines
29. Where was the first-ever World Peace Centre across six winter sports.
inaugurated under the leadership of Jain Acharya ▪ Army topped the the Khelo India Winter
Lokesh Muni? Games 2025 medal tally with seven golds,
a) New Delhi b) Gurugram four silvers and five bronze.
c) Jaipur d) Pune ▪ The Indian Army also won the Khelo India
Ans: b Winter Games 2024 after winning 10 gold
medals, five silver and six bronze.
Explanation ▪ The first three editions of KIWG were hosted
▪ The first-ever World Peace Centre, and won by Jammu and Kashmir in 2020,
established under the leadership of Jain 2021 and 2023.
Acharya Lokesh Muni and the efforts of Ran State/UT/Te Gold Silver Bronz Total
Ahimsa Vishwa Bharti, inaugurated at k am meda meda e meda
Gurugram, Haryana ls ls meda ls
▪ World Peace Center will be dedicated to the ls
mental, emotional and character 1 Army 7 5 6 18
development of the people. 2 Himachal 6 5 7 18
Pradesh
3 Ladakh 4 2 1 7

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32. Which company has launched the AI voice 34. Which of the following statements is NOT correct
assistant 'Dragon Copilot' for healthcare? about Attukal Pongala?
a) Google b) Microsoft A) It is a 10-day-long festival celebrated in Kerala
c) Amazon d) IBM B) The festival is dedicated to Lord Ayyappa.
Ans: b C) Women prepare a special offering of rice, jaggery,
and coconut
Explanation D) It is celebrated by women.
▪ Microsoft has introduced a new voice- Ans: b
activated AI assistant designed to help
doctors and healthcare professionals Explanation
transcribe clinical notes and draft paperwork ▪ Attukal Pongala is a 10-day religious festival
as well as quickly search for information from celebrated at the Attukal Bhagavathy Temple
medical sources. in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
▪ On the ninth day there is a huge gathering of
33. Who has been re-elected as the Chairman of the millions of women on the temple
Bar Council of India for the seventh consecutive surroundings.
term? ▪ The ritual made it to the Guinness Book of
A) Ranjit Kumar B) Manan Kumar Mishra World Records in 2009 for being the largest
C) Kapil Sibal D) Harish Salve religious gathering of women on a single day
Ans: b when over 2.5 million took part in it.
▪ Attukal temple is also known as the “women’s
Explanation Sabarimala”.
▪ The Bar Council of India (BCI) announced that ▪ Lakhs of Women prepare the Pongala to
Manan Kumar Mishra, Senior Advocate of the appease their favourite deity, the Attukal
Supreme Court of India and Member of Bhagavathy (also known as Goddess Kannaki
Parliament (Rajya Sabha), has been re- or Bhadrakali) for the peace and prosperity of
elected unopposed as the Chairman of the Bar their families.
Council of India for a historic seventh ▪ In ‘pongala’, devotees prepare a mix of rice,
consecutive term. jaggery and scrapped coconut in pots in
makeshift brick stoves.
Bar Council of India (BCI):
▪ It is a statutory body established under 35. Himmat Shah, who recently passed away, was a
the Advocates Act 1961 to regulate and renowned professional in which field?
represent the Indian bar. A) Architecture B) Sculpture and Modern Art
C) Classical Music D) Literature
Functions: Ans: b
▪ It performs the regulatory
function by prescribing standards of Explanation
professional conduct and etiquette and by Himmat Shah, Renowned Indian Artist, Passes Away
exercising disciplinary jurisdiction over the at Age of 92
bar. ▪ known for his sculptures and modern art
▪ It also sets standards for legal ▪ Lalit Kala Akademi National Award (1956,
education and grants recognition to 1962)
Universities whose degrees in law will serve ▪ Bombay Art Society Award (1962)
as qualification for enrolment as an advocate. ▪ Sahitya Kala Parishad Award (1988)
▪ It conducts the All India Bar Examination ▪ Kalidas Samman (2003) by the Madhya
(AIBE) to grant a 'Certificate of Practice' to Pradesh Government
advocates practising law in India.
▪ BCI also funds welfare 36. Jay Shah has been honoured with which
schemes for economically weaker and prestigious award at the 14th edition of the Forbes
physically handicapped advocates. India Leadership Awards (FILA 2025)?

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A) Global Sports Leader Award positioning India as a key player in global

B) Visionary Leadership Award wealth creation.
C) Lifetime Achievement Award ▪ In 2024, the number of Indian HNWIs
D) Icon of Excellence Award increased by 6% year-on-year (YoY)
Ans: d ▪ India is home to 3.7% of the wealthy
individuals globally and currently stands at 4th
Explanation position after the US, China and Japan
▪ Jay Shah, Chairman of the International ▪ North America led in HNWI numbers this year
Cricket Council (ICC), has been honoured with ▪ Knight Frank also found that the country’s
the prestigious Icon of Excellence award at the billionaire population has seen a YoY growth
14th edition of the Forbes India Leadership of 12% in 2024 over the previous year.
Awards (FILA 2025). ▪ The country now has 191 billionaires of which
▪ This award recognises his exceptional 26 joined the ranks in just the last year.
contributions to cricket administration and his ▪ The combined wealth of Indian billionaires is
role in driving innovation and inclusivity in the estimated at $950 billion, ranking the country
sport third globally, behind the U.S. and Mainland
▪ At the age of 36, Jay Shah made history by China
becoming the youngest-ever chairman of the
ICC 39. Where will India's first integrated API, Green
Hydrogen, and 2G Ethanol manufacturing facility be
37. Who made history by becoming the first Indian set up?
woman to cross the 16-metre mark in indoor shot A) Pune, Maharashtra B) Solan, Himachal Pradesh
put? C) Hyderabad, Telangana D) Vadodara, Gujarat
A) Manpreet Kaur B) Poornarao Rane Ans: b
C) Krishna Jayasankar D) Navjeet Kaur Dhillon
Ans: c Explanation
India's first integrated manufacturing facility
Explanation for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), Green
▪ India’s Krishna Jayasankar (Chennai) made Hydrogen, and 2G Ethanol will be set up in the Baddi-
history at the 2025 Mountain West Indoor Barotiwala-Nalagarh area in the Solan district of
Track and Field Championships by becoming Himachal Pradesh.
the first Indian woman to cross the 16-metre ▪ The project is being executed by M/s Spray
mark in indoor shot put. Her record-breaking Engineering Devices Limited.
throw measured 16.03 metres.
▪ The 22-year-old broke the previous Indian 2nd Generation ethanol or 2G Ethanol
indoor record of 15.54 metres. ▪ The government of India has set a target to
provide 20 percent ethanol blended petrol all
38. According to Knight Frank’s Wealth Report 2025, over the country by 2025-26
what is India's rank in terms of high-net-worth ▪ Initially, the government allowed the use of
individuals (HNWIs) population as of 2024? ethanol derived from sugarcane molasses.
(A) 2nd (B) 3rd (C) 4th (D) 5th This was called 1st generational ethanol.
Ans: c ▪ Later, the government allowed the use of
agri-residues like rice & wheat straw, cane
Explanation trash, corn cobs etc. for the production of
▪ India’s HNWI population to rise to 93,753 by ethanol. This was called 2nd generation
2028, from 85,698 in 2024: Knight Frank ethanol.
▪ Knight Frank’s Wealth Report 2025 forecasts ▪ To encourage the companies to set up 2G
an increase of 9.4% in India’s HNWIs — those ethanol biorefineries, the central
with assets exceeding $ 10 million. government has launched the Pradhan
▪ this rise highlights the country’s strong long- Mantri JI-VAN (Jaiv Indhan - Vatavaran
term economic growth, increasing investment Anukool Fasal Awashesh Nivaran) Yojana.
opportunities, and evolving luxury market,

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About Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana 42. Under the new scheme announced by Madhya
▪ It was launched by the government of India Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, how much will
in 2019. farmers have to pay for a permanent power
▪ extended the scheme till 2028-29. connection?
▪ Under the scheme, the government provides (A) ₹1 (B) ₹5 (C) ₹50 (D) ₹100
financial support to companies setting up Ans: b
second-generation (2G) ethanol plants.
▪ The first 2G Ethanol Project set up by Indian Explanation
Oil Corporation Limited at Panipat, Haryana, ▪ Madhya Pradesh Government to Provide
was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Permanent Power Connections to Farmers for
Modi on 10th August 2022. Just Rs 5 Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister
Mohan Yadav
40. Which Indian state launched ‘Project Hifazat’ for ▪ This initiative aims to enhance their
women’s safety? livelihoods by ensuring uninterrupted
A) Haryana B) Rajasthan electricity for agricultural needs.
C) Punjab D) Uttar Pradesh
Ans: c 43. Recently deceased player Fred Stolle was
associated with which sport?
Explanation (A) Cricket (B) Tennis (C) Golf (D) Football
Punjab govt launches ‘Project Hifazat’ to ensure Ans: b
women’s safety, dignity
▪ Dedicated to International Women’s Day , the Explanation
initiative aims to strengthen the response Australian tennis player Fred Stolle has died at age 86
mechanism for victims of violence against ▪ Fred Stolle, a former world No 1, dual grand
women as well as children. slam singles champion and three-times Davis
▪ The 24×7 Women and Child Helpline under Cup winner
the Government of India’s two missions, - ▪ Stolle reached world No 1 in 1966
‘Mission Shakti’ and ‘Mission Vatsalya’ -will
serve as the backbone of the ‘Project Hifazat.’ 44. Consider the following statements regarding the
▪ She urged all women in Punjab to save the MISHTI scheme:
emergency helpline number 181 in their 1. India launched the MISHTI scheme after
mobile contacts to tackle the emergency joining the ‘Mangrove Alliance for Climate’
situation. during COP26.
2. The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate
41. Which city has been designated as the host for Change launched the scheme on 5th June
the Khelo India Para Games 2025? 2023.
(A) Mumbai (B) New Delhi Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
(C) Chennai (D) Bengaluru (A) 1 only (B) 2 only
Ans: b (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: b
Explanation
▪ The Khelo India Para Games 2025 will be held Explanation
across three venues in New Delhi from March Gujarat Leads India with Mangrove Plantation in Two
20 to 27. Years Under ‘MISHTI’ Scheme
▪ A multi-sport event, KIPG 2025 will feature MISHTI Scheme
six sports - archery, athletics, badminton, ▪ It was launched by the Ministry of
powerlifting, shooting and table tennis. Environment, Forest & Climate Change on the
▪ Haryana had topped the Khelo India Para occasion of World Environment Day, i.e., 5th
Games 2023. June 2023.
▪ The first edition of the Khelo India Para ▪ The Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline
Games was also held in Delhi in December Habitats & Tangible Incomes
2023. (MISHTI) scheme is a government-led

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initiative aimed at increasing the mangrove Explanation

cover along the coastline and on salt pan ▪ LeBron James becomes first to score 50,000
lands. combined points in NBA regular season and
▪ “MISHTI” comes after India joined the playoffs
‘Mangrove Alliance for Climate’ launched ▪ James became the first player to score 50,000
during the 27th Conference of Parties (COP27) combined points in the regular basketball
to the UNFCCC held in Egypt in November season and postseason
2022. ▪ James already is the top scorer in NBA history
▪ MISHTI envisages in both the regular season and the playoffs.
the restoration/reforestation of
mangroves covering approximately 540 47. Who has been appointed as the CEO of
sq.km., spreading across 9 states and 3 union Government e Marketplace (GeM) in 2025?
territories for a period of five years (A) Rajesh Verma (B) Ajay Bhadoo
commencing 2023-24 onwards. (C) Sanjay Malhotra (D) Tarun Kapoor
▪ The scheme is primarily focused on the Ans: b
Sundarbans delta, Hooghly Estuary in West
Bengal, India, and other bay parts of the Explanation
country, but also includes other wetlands in ▪ The Government of India has appointed Ajay
the country. Bhadoo, Additional Secretary in the
▪ Under the MISHTI scheme, the government is Department of Commerce, as the Chief
providing financial assistance to local Executive Officer (CEO) of Government e
communities to undertake mangrove Marketplace (GeM), effective March 3, 2025
plantation activities. ▪ GeM facilitates online procurement of
common use Goods & Services required by
45. Renowned Odia poet Ramakanta Rath, who various Government Departments /
recently passed away, was conferred with the Padma Organisations / PSUs.
Bhushan in which year? ▪ The initiative was launched in August
A) 1998 B) 2006 C) 2012 D) 2018 2016, by the Ministry of Commerce and
Ans: b Industry, Government of India.

Explanation 48. Who has been awarded the Gold Mercury

Renowned Odia poet Padma Bhushan Ramakanta Award® 2025 for advancing a culture of peace,
Rath passes away compassion, and sustainability?
▪ One of the most renowned modernist poets A) Pope Francis B) Tenzin Gyatso (Dalai Lama)
in Odia literature, he was conferred with the C) António Guterres D) Malala Yousafzai
Padma Bhushan in 2006. Ans: b
▪ An IAS officer, Ramakanta Rath also served as
the Chief Secretary of Odisha and held several Explanation
key positions in the Union Government. ▪ Gold Mercury International, the global
▪ He also served as president of the Sahitya governance think tank, has awarded its Gold
Akademi of India from 1998 to 2003 Mercury Award 2025 to His Holiness, Tenzin
▪ Rath was honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama for advancing a
Award in 1977, the Sarala Award in 1984, the culture of peace, compassion and
Bishuva Samman in 1990, and the Sahitya sustainability.
Akademi Fellowship in 2009. ▪ The Gold Mercury Award Ceremony will be
held in Dharamsala, the home of the Dalai
46. Who became the first player in National Lama, on 31st March 2025
Basketball Association (NBA) history to score 50,000 ▪ Founded in 1961
combined points in the regular season and playoffs?
a) Michael Jordan b) Kobe Bryant
c) LeBron James d) Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Ans: c

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49. The Low-level Transportable Radar (LLTR) A) Australia B) Canada

‘Ashwini’ has been designed and developed by which C) United States D) Russia
organization? Ans: a
A) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
B) Defence Research and Development Organisation Explanation
(DRDO) ▪ Scientists have discovered the world’s oldest
C) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) known meteorite impact crater.
D) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) ▪ Located in Western Australia's ancient Pilbara
Ans: b region, the crater has been dated to about 3.5
billion years ago
Explanation ▪ a classic crater shape, due to its age, the team
Defence ministry inks Rs 2,906 crore contract with found it through other evidence – namely
BEL for procurement of transportable radar (Ashwini) “shatter cones,” geological features that form
for the Indian Air Force. only when exposed to extreme pressures, like
▪ The radar has been indigenously designed and meteorite impacts or underground nuclear
developed by DRDO. explosions.
▪ Low-level Transportable Radar, LLTR (Ashwini) ▪ That former recordholder is the Yarrabubba
is capable of tracking aerial targets from high- impact structure, 2.2 billion years old, located
speed fighter aircraft to slow moving targets roughly 800 km (500 miles) south of the
such as unmanned aerial vehicles and Pilbara Crater
helicopters.
52. Who has become the first woman pilot to be
50. Consider the following statements about the permanently assigned to the Indian Air Force’s Jaguar
Pritzker Architecture Prize: fighter jet squadron?
1. It was established in 1979. A) Avani Chaturvedi B) Shivangi Singh
2. The award includes a cash prize of $100,000 C) Bhawana Kanth D) Tanushka Singh
and a bronze medallion. Ans: d
3. Chinese Architect Liu Jiakun has received the
2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize. Explanation
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct? ▪ Flying Officer Tanushka Singh has become the
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only first woman pilot to be permanently assigned
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 to the Indian Air Force’s (IAF) Jaguar fighter
Ans: d jet squadron.
▪ Jaguar Indian Air Force is a twin Engine Deep
Explanation Penetration strike Aircraft. This Anglo-French
▪ Chinese Architect Liu Jiakun Receives the Fighter jet is in service with Indian Air Force
2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize since 1979.
▪ Liu is the 54th laureate of the annual Pritzker
Architecture Prize, since its inception in 1979 53. What is the theme of 'Jan Aushadhi Diwas' in
▪ established by the Pritzker family of Chicago 2025?
through their Hyatt Foundation in 1979. It is A) Generic Medicines for All
granted annually and is often referred to as B) Affordable Quality Medicines For A Healthier Future
“architecture’s Nobel” and “the profession’s C) Strengthening Healthcare with Generics
highest honor.” D) Accessible Medicine, Better Health
▪ The award consists of $100,000 (US) and a Ans: b
bronze medallion.
Explanation
51. Scientists have identified the oldest meteorite ▪ Jan Aushadhi Diwas, observed on 7th March,
impact crater on Earth, dating back 3.5 billion years, aims to raise awareness about the Pradhan
in an ancient geological region. Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana
Where was this oldest meteorite impact crater (PMBJP) and promote the use of affordable
discovered? generic medicines.

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▪ Theme: Affordable Quality Medicines For A 56. Which badminton player has joined Naarica as a
Healthier Future strategic investor and brand ambassador?
▪ Week-long events are organized across the A. Saina Nehwal B. PV Sindhu
country from March 1st to 7th to support this C. Ashwini Ponnappa D. Jwala Gutta
initiative. Ans: a
▪ The "Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi
Pariyojana (PMBJP)" was launched Explanation
in November 2008 by the Department of ▪ Badminton icon and former World No.1 Saina
Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Nehwal has stepped into the world of
Fertilizers, in collaboration with Central business, joining Naarica, a pioneering
Pharma Public Sector Undertakings. menstrual hygiene brand, as a strategic
investor and brand ambassador.
54. In which state is the Shaurya Vednam Utsav being
held? 57. Who has been appointed as the new Chairman
A) Uttar Pradesh B) Bihar and Managing Director (CMD) of Hindustan
C) Rajasthan D) Madhya Pradesh Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL)?
Ans: b A. Rajneesh Narang B. Vikas Kaushal
C. Sanjiv Singh D. Mukesh Kumar Surana
Explanation Ans: b
▪ In Bihar, the three Armed Forces are holding
Shaurya Vednam Utsav at Motihari in East Explanation
Champaran district from 7 – 8 march . ▪ The government named Vikas Kaushal the
▪ The two-day function was organised under the chairman and managing director
campaign “Know Your Army” of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL)
▪ The event has been organised in a bordering for a period of five years.
area which is near to Indo-Nepal frontier, to ▪ He succeeds Rajneesh Narang, director
instill a patriotic feeling in people, especially (finance), who was handling the additional
among youths. charge of CMD since September 1, 2024.
▪ HPCL is a Maharatna CPSE and a Forbes 2000
55. In which country is Cyclone Alfred expected to company.
make landfall?
A) United States B) Australia 58. What is the main reason for celebrating the
C) Canada D) South Africa Chapchar Kut festival?
Ans: b A) Beginning of monsoon season
B) Completion of jhum cultivation process
Explanation C) Harvesting of paddy crops
Three tropical cyclones—Rae, Seru, and Alfred—are D) New Year celebrations
currently active off the eastern coast of Australia. Ans: b
This phenomenon coincides with the peak of the
cyclone season. Explanation
Current Cyclones ▪ Chapchar Kut festival, the largest and the
▪ Cyclone Alfred formed recently and rapidly most popular festival of the Mizo people.
intensified to a Category 3 storm. celebrated on first Friday of March
▪ It features wind gusts of up to 185 km/h. ▪ Chapchar Kut is a popular spring festival
Cyclone Rae has already caused damage in celebrated by the Mizo people of Mizoram.
Fiji, destroying fruit trees due to its strong ▪ The Chapchar Kut festival celebrates the
winds and heavy rainfall. completion of the jhum operations in the
▪ Cyclone Seru is predicted to pass near state
Vanuatu but is expected to remain offshore, ▪ Jhumming or slash and burn agriculture is a
minimising its impact. cultivation technique used in woodland or
forested terrains.

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▪ It is one of the 3 festivals that marks the Explanation

various stages of the agricultural cycle, the ▪ International Women’s Day (IWD), observed
other two being Mim Kut and Pawl Kut. annually on March 8
▪ Theme “For ALL Women and Girls: Rights.
Cheraw Dance Equality. Empowerment”
▪ Cheraw dance is a traditional bamboo dance ▪ Officially recognized by the United Nations in
form of Mizoram. 1977
▪ the male dancers clap the bamboo staves ▪ The celebrations also coincide with the 30th
rhythmically while the female dancers dance anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and
between the beating staves by stepping in and Platform for Action, a historic blueprint
out. adopted in 1995 by 189 governments to
▪ It is one of the oldest dance forms in Mizoram. promote gender equality and women's rights.
▪ It was adopted in 1995 at the Fourth World
59. Which country is hosting the five-nation Naval Conference on Women in Beijing, China.
exercise Sea Dragon 2025?
A) India B) Australia 61. Which of the following statements about India's
C) Japan D) United States tiger conservation efforts are correct?
Ans: d 1. India's 58th Tiger Reserve is located in
Madhav National Park, Madhya Pradesh.
Explanation 2. Tigers are classified as an endangered species
▪ Indian Navy Participates in the Exercise Sea by the International Union for Conservation of
Dragon 2025 in Guam Nature (IUCN).
▪ The five-nation Naval exercise Sea 3. Project Tiger was launched by the
Dragon 2025, which includes the Indian Navy, Government of India on April 1, 1973.
commenced off the Guam coast in the Select the correct answer using the codes below:
western Pacific Ocean. A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only
▪ The Sea Dragon exercise 2025 is being hosted C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
by the United States Navy’s 7th fleet and will Ans: d
be held from 4-19 March 2025.
▪ It is a multilateral naval exercise where the Explanation
allies and partner countries of the United ▪ Madhya Pradesh’s Madhav National Park has
States are invited. became the country’s 58th Tiger Reserve
▪ The exercise started as a joint United States ▪ Located in the Shivpuri district in Chambal
Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force region, the reserve has five tigers at present.
exercise in 2019. ▪ It is also the 9th Tiger Reserve in the State.
▪ In the 2025 edition the United States Navy is ▪ The reserved forest area of Madhav National
hosting the Indian Navy, Japan Maritime Self- Park, which will also now be known as
Defence Force, Royal Australian Air Madhav Tiger Reserve, is 32,429.52 hectares.
Force, and the Republic of Korea Navy. Its protected forest area spreads over 2,422
hectares
60. Which of the following statements about ▪ Notably, on December 2, 2024 India got its
International Women's Day 2025 is correct? 57th tiger reserve in the Ratapani Wildlife
1. The theme for 2025 is "For ALL Women and Girls: Sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh
Rights. Equality. Empowerment."
2. The United Nations officially recognized 62. Who won the Prague Masters 2025 Chess title?
International Women's Day in 1977. A) R Praggnanandhaa B) Vidit Gujrathi
3. The day marks the 50th anniversary of the Beijing C) A Chithambaram D) Arjun Erigaisi
Declaration and Platform for Action. Ans: c
A) Only 1 is correct B) Only 2 is correct
C) 1 & 2 are correct D) 1, 2 & 3 are correct Explanation
Ans: c Indian Grandmaster A Chithambaram clinches Prague
Masters 2025 Chess title

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63. What initiative will be introduced to ensure Ministry of Power, in association with CIGRE,
transparency in the management of coaching centres India.
in Rajasthan under the Rajasthan Coaching Centers ▪ The GRIDCON 2025 inaugural event
(Control and Regulation) Bill-2025? witnessed a galaxy of professionals from the
A) Establishment of a state-level portal power sector from across the globe.
B) Setting up of a 24×7 helpline for student counselling
C) Formation of the Rajasthan Coaching Institutes 65. Bollywood actor Ajay Devgn has recently
(Control and Regulation) Authority launched an artificial intelligence company named:
D) All of the above (A) GenAI Studios (B) StorySynth
Ans: d (C) Prismix (D) AI Vision
Ans: c
Explanation
▪ The Rajasthan Cabinet has approved a Bill that Explanation
aims to regulate the state’s coaching institutes ▪ Ajay Devgn launches ‘Prismix,’ an AI-driven
and offer students a secure and supportive media company focused on generative
learning environment. content creation
▪ The Rajasthan Coaching Centers (Control and ▪ The new company aims to develop generative
Regulation) Bill-2025 was drafted based on storytelling technologies.
the guidelines issued by the central
government, the state’s specific requirements 66. The Indian Defence Ministry has signed a USD
and after discussions with various 248 million deal for T-72 tank engines with which
stakeholders. country?
▪ Coaching centres with 50 or more students A) United States B) Russia C) France D) Israel
will fall under legal scrutiny. Ans: b
▪ To ensure transparency in the management of
coaching centres, a state-level portal will be Explanation
established, along with a 24×7 helpline for ▪ The Defence Ministry has inked a USD 248
student counselling, and the Rajasthan million deal with Russia's Rosoboronexport for
Coaching Institutes (Control and Regulation) the procurement of 1,000 HP engines for T-72
Authority will be set up. tanks
▪ The Cabinet also approved the state’s Skill ▪ The deal also includes the transfer of
Development Policy, aimed at training youth technology from the Russian defence major to
in specialised skills to meet the demands of the state-run Armoured Vehicles Nigam Ltd
industrial sectors (heavy vehicle factory) based at Avadi in
Chennai.
64. What is the theme of GRIDCON 2025? ▪ T-72 tanks are the mainstay of the tank fleet of
A. "Sustainable Energy for the Future" the Indian Army which is at present fitted with
B. "Grid Modernization and Digitalization" 780 HP engines.
C. "Innovations in Grid Resilience"
D. "Renewable Energy Integration" 67. What is the primary purpose of the ‘RISE’ app
Ans: c launched by Uttar Pradesh?
A) Online education for children
Explanation B) Digital monitoring of child vaccinations
▪ Union Minister of Power and Housing and C) Tracking malnutrition cases
Urban Affairs Manohar Lal Khattar D) Managing hospital appointments
inaugurated GRIDCON 2025 — an Ans: b
international conference cum exhibition — at
Yashobhoomi, Dwarka. Explanation
▪ Theme ‘Innovations in grid resilience’ ▪ Uttar Pradesh Adopts Digital Monitoring for
▪ The event, organised by Power Grid Routine Child Vaccination Through RISE App
Corporation of India Limited from March 9 to ▪ In Uttar Pradesh routine vaccination among
11, is being held under the patronage of the children will now be monitored digitally via

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‘Rapid Immunisation Skill Enhancement’ (RISE) C. A pediatric research laboratory

app, a platform to be used by nurses, ANMs D. A child nutrition awareness campaign
and health workers engaged in vaccination in Ans: b
Uttar Pradesh.
▪ The app (RISE) plays a crucial role in capacity Explanation
building for vaccinators, ensuring they stay ▪ AIIMS, New Delhi launched ‘Payodhi’, a
updated with evolving guidelines and the human milk bank, to provide pasteurised
incorporation of new technologies in donor human milk for critically ill preterm
immunisation programmes babies in the NICU.
▪ It collects, processes, and stores pasteurised
68. Which organization is developing the air-to-air donor milk for premature and critically ill
missile Gandiva, formerly known as Astra MK-III? newborns.
A) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
B) Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) 70. Who were the co-recipients of the 2024 A.M.
C) Defence Research and Development Organisation Turing Award?
(DRDO) A. Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun
D) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) B. Andrew Barto and Richard Sutton
Ans: c C. John McCarthy and Donald Knuth
D. Alan Turing and Claude Shannon
Explanation Ans: b
▪ India’s latest and most advanced air-to-air
missile, the Astra MK-III, has now been Explanation
officially renamed Gandiva, after the ▪ Richard Sutton, a University of Alberta
legendary bow of Arjuna from the computing science professor and one of the
Mahabharata. founders of modern computational
▪ Still under development by the Defence reinforcement learning, has been honoured as
Research and Development Organisation co-recipient of the 2024 Association for
(DRDO) Computing Machinery A.M. Turing Award,
▪ The Gandiva missile has been designed with a often referred to as the “Nobel Prize in
remarkable ability to strike enemy aerial computing.”
targets from a range of 340 kilometers when ▪ It was honoured alongside longtime
the target is at an altitude of 20 kilometers, collaborator Andrew Barto.
and 190 kilometers when the target is at a ▪ The award, named for British mathematician
lower altitude of 8 kilometers. Alan M. Turing, carries a US$1-million prize
▪ The missile will be deployed on the IAF's funded by Google.
Sukhoi Su-30MKI jets and the Light Combat
Aircraft Tejas. 71. Which of the following statements is/are correct
▪ With the eventual induction of Gandiva, India regarding the Stockholm International Peace
will possess one of the longest-range BVR air- Research Institute (SIPRI) report on global arms
to-air missiles in the world. imports (2020-2024)?
▪ This will allow India to surpass China’s PL-15 1. India is the third-largest arms importer in the
missile, which has a reported range of 300 world during this period.
kilometers, and the U.S. AIM-174 BVRAAM, 2. Ukraine holds the top position as the world's
which has a confirmed range of 240 largest arms importer.
kilometers. Select the correct answer using the options given
below:
69. What is ‘Payodhi’, recently launched at AIIMS, (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
New Delhi? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
A. A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Ans: b
B. A human milk bank and lactation management
center

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Explanation Ramsar secretariat in Geneva on the eve of

According to the latest report from the Stockholm International Women's Day.
International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI):
▪ Ukraine has emerged as the leading global 73. Which company secured the top position in the
arms importer, accounting for 8.8% of total YouGov India Value Rankings 2025?
arms imports during the period from 2020 to A. Amul B. Flipkart C. Amazon D. Tata
2024. Ans: c
▪ European countries have notably increased
their imports of major arms and defence Explanation
weapons, experiencing a remarkable 155% ▪ London-based YouGov, a global online data
rise over the past four years (2020-2024) research and analytics technology group, has
compared to the previous four-year period released the India Value Rankings 2025. In
(2015-2019), SIPRI reported. this ranking, Amul has been recognized as
the third most valued brand in India,
Rank Country Share of Top 3 Supplier ▪ London UK based YouGov, an International
global arms Countries online data research and Analytics technology
imports group released India Value Rankings 2025.
(2020-24) ▪ Based on consumer insights from 1.3 Lakh
1 Ukraine 8.8% USA, Germany, urban Indians, it evaluated brands across key
Poland sectors for their ability to provide the best
2 India 8.3% Russia, France, value for money.
Israel ▪ Amazon, based in Washington, Flipkart based
3 Qatar 6.8% USA, Italy, UK
in Bengaluru, and Anand Milk Union Limited
4 Saudi 6.8% USA, Spain,
(AMUL) based in Anand, Gujarat– top 3
Arabia France
valued brands in India
5 Pakistan 4.6% China,
Netherlands,
Türkiye 74. Which private sector bank has renewed its MoU
6 Japan 3.9% USA, UK, with the Indian Army and CSC e-Governance to
Germany expand Project NAMAN?
7 Australia 3.5% USA, Spain, A. HDFC Bank B. Axis Bank
Norway C. ICICI Bank D. State Bank of India
8 Egypt 3.3% Germany, Italy, Ans: a
France
9 United 3.1% UK, France, Israel Explanation
States ▪ HDFC Bank, India's leading private sector
10 Kuwait 2.9% USA, Italy, France bank, has renewed its Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Army
72. Who is the first Indian to be honored with the and CSC e-Governance to expand Project
Ramsar Award for 'Wetland Wise Use’? NAMAN.
A) Medha Patkar B) Jayshree Vencatesan ▪ This initiative, which honors veterans, will
C) Sunita Narain D) Vandana Shiva now be implemented at 26 Directorates of
Ans: b Indian Army Veterans (DIAV) locations.
▪ Project NAMAN is designed to provide
Explanation support and services to Army veterans, their
▪ Jayshree Vencatesan, co-founder of Chennai- families, and their next of kin.
based Care Earth Trust, has become the first ▪ The CSC centers, operated by Army veterans
Indian to be honored with the Ramsar award or their families, are dedicated to offering
for 'Wetland Wise Use', a globally recognised pension-related services, Government-to-
accolade celebrating contributions to the Citizen (G2C) services, and Business-to-
sustainable management of wetlands. Consumer (B2C) services directly at the
▪ She is one of the 12 women changemakers in doorstep of defense establishments.
the world of wetlands as announced by the

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75. Which airport has been recognized as the ‘Best ▪ Indian naval ship Imphal reached Port Louis,
Airport in the 15 to 25 Million Passengers Per Annum the capital city of Mauritius, to participate in
(MPPA)’ category in the Asia-Pacific region for 2024? the island nation’s national day celebrations.
(A) Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi ▪ Commissioned in December 2023, Imphal is
(B) Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru the third of the four Project 15B
(C) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, (Visakhapatnam class) indigenous destroyers.
Mumbai ▪ Imphal ranks amongst the largest and most
(D) Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad technologically advanced warships in the
Ans: d world.
▪ Mauritius Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
Explanation ▪ Capital: Port Louis
▪ Hyderabad’s Rajiv Gandhi International ▪ It is an island country in the Indian Ocean,
Airport (RGIA) has been recognised as the located off the eastern coast of Africa.
‘Best Airport in the 15 to 25 Million ▪ The island of Mauritius is a volcanic island
Passengers Per Annum (MPPA)’ category in formed by volcanic activity around 8 million
the Asia-Pacific region for 2024. years ago.
▪ The award comes from the Airports Council ▪ The highest peak in Mauritius, the 828 m tall
International (ACI) as part of its annual Airport Mount Piton, is located in the southwest of
Service Quality (ASQ) survey, which assesses the plateau.
passenger satisfaction across more than 400 ▪ The chief water source is Lake Vacoas.
airports worldwide. ▪ Both the Indian Ocean Rim Association and
the Indian Ocean Commission have their
76. Which Indian Air Force team will participate in headquarters in Mauritius.
the Mauritius National Day celebrations 2025? ▪ Ganga Talao (commonly known as Grand
A) Sarang Helicopter Team Bassin) is a crater lake situated in a secluded
B) Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team mountain area in the district of Savanne,
C) Garud Commando Force deep in the heart of Mauritius.
D) Akash Ganga Skydiving Team ▪ It is considered the most sacred Hindu place
Ans: d in Mauritius.

Explanation Indian diaspora performed Geet-Gawai during PM

PM Modi attends Mauritius National Day as Chief Modi’s welcome in Mauritius
Guest on March 12 ▪ Bihari cultural performance called Geet
▪ Prime Minister Narendra Modi reached Gawai (traditional Bhojpuri musical
Mauritius on a two-day visit on March 11 ensemble).
▪ Mauritius gained independence from British ▪ Bhojpuri folk songs in Mauritius, Geet-Gawai
rule on March 12, 1968. was inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative
▪ After the year 2015, PM Modi is attending the List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of
National Day celebrations of Mauritius for the Humanity in December 2016.
second time as the chief guest. ▪ Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted water
▪ Mr. Modi has been conferred The Grand from the Mahakumbh at Sangam to
Commander of the Order of the Star and Key Mauritius President Dharam Gokhool
of the Indian Ocean, the island nation’s ▪ several others gifts, including makhana — a
highest civilian honour. super food from Bihar.
▪ Mr. Modi also paid homage at the concrete ▪ Gifted a Banarasi saree in a Sadeli box to
‘Samadhi’ of Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Brinda Gokhool, the wife of the Mauritian
the founding father of Mauritius president.
▪ He will also inaugurate two key projects—the ▪ a Sadeli box from Gujarat featuring intricate
Civil Service College and the Area Health inlay work, designed to store precious sarees,
Centre—both constructed with India’s grant jewellery, or keepsakes.
assistance

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77. With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi ▪ If a beneficiary has given regular contribution
Maandhan (PM-SYM) scheme, consider the following and died before age of 60 years,
statements: ▪ His/her spouse will be entitled to continue
1. The Pension Fund Manager for the scheme is scheme subsequently by payment of regular
the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). contribution or exit as per provisions of exit
2. The scheme is a Central Sector Scheme and withdrawal.
launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Labour ▪ Donate-a-Pension Module: Encourages
and Employment. employers to pay premium for their staff to
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct? increase enrolment.
(A) 1 only (B) 2 only ▪ Implementation and Current Status:
(C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2 ▪ Coverage: 36 States/UTs
Ans: c ▪ Enrollments: ~46,12,330 (March 2025)
▪ Top 3 States: Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Explanation Maharashtra.
Six years of Pradhan Mantri ShramYogi Maandhan
Yojana (PM-SYM) completed 78. What is the primary purpose of ‘SBI Asmita’, the
▪ PM-SYM - a government scheme for old age newly launched SME loan product by SBI?
protection and social security of Unorganized A) To provide personal loans to working women
workers B) To offer collateral-free loans to women
▪ Ministry: Central Sector Scheme launched in entrepreneurs for business expansion
2019 by Ministry of Labour and Employment C) To finance education loans for female students
▪ PM-SYM provides universal pension coverage D) To provide home loans at lower interest rates
through financial security for unorganized Ans: b
workers.
▪ Unorganized sector contributes around 50% of Explanation
nation’s GDP. There are over 30.51 crore ▪ State Bank of India (SBI) has launched a
unorganized workers registered on e-Shram collateral free digital SME (small and medium
portal (2024). enterprise) loan product ‘SBI Asmita’ for
▪ Eligibility women entrepreneurs to help them expand
▪ For Unorganized Workers (UW) their business.
▪ Entry Age between 18 to 40 years ▪ The product fetches and verifies the data
▪ Monthly Income up to Rs 15000/- footprints such as GSTIN, customers’ bank
▪ Features statements, CIC data base, etc. of the
▪ Assured Pension of Rs. 3000/- month borrower, thereby, eliminating the hassle of
▪ Voluntary and Contributory Pension physical document verification
Scheme ▪ It also launched a ‘Nari Shakti’ platinum debit
▪ Matching Contribution by the card to cater to the needs of women across
Government of India various segments.
▪ Objective: Voluntary and contributory
pension scheme ensuring a minimum 79. Consider the following statements regarding the
monthly pension of Rs. 3,000 after Global Terrorism Index (GTI) Report 2025:
age of 60. 1. The report is published by the Institute of
▪ Pension Fund Manager: Life Insurance Economics and Peace (IEP).
Corporation of India (LIC) 2. India is ranked 14th, while the top three most
▪ Contribution by Subscriber: Shall be impacted countries are Afghanistan, Pakistan,
made through ‘auto-debit’ facility and Syria.
from savings bank account/ Jan- Dhan Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
account. A) 1 only B) 2 only
Other Features: C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2
▪ Family Pension: If subscriber dies during Ans: a
receipt of pension, only the spouse can
receive 50% of pension amount.

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Explanation Gyan Bharatam Mission

▪ The 12th edition of Global Terrorism Index Announced In Union Budget 2025-26
(GTI) 2025, released by the Institute for Nodal Ministry of Culture
Economics and Peace (IEP), ranks India at Ministry
14th position Objective To preserve, promote, survey,
▪ The report provides a comprehensive document, and conserve India’s
summary of the key global trends and manuscript heritage lying with
patterns in terrorism over the last decade academic institutions, museums,
▪ The GTI ranks 163 countries (representing libraries, and private collectors
Key Creation of a national digital
99.7% of the world’s population) based on
Component repository of the Indian
four indicators weighted over five years –
knowledge system.
deaths, incidents, hostages and injuries from
Executing National Mission for Manuscripts
terrorism Agency (NMM)
▪ India Ranked 14th as most impacted by Parent Indira Gandhi National Centre for
terrorism. Organization the Arts (IGNCA)
▪ Top 3 - Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Syria (NMM)
Budget To accommodate the ‘Gyan
Key findings from the GTI 2025 report Increase Bharatam Mission’, budget
▪ The Sahel region remains terrorism’s (NMM) allocation for the National
epicenter, recording for over half of all global Manuscripts Mission (NMM) has
terrorism deaths been hiked from ₹3.5 crore to
▪ Islamic State (IS) has expanded its operations ₹60 crore.
to 22 countries and remains the deadliest Main Goal To protect manuscripts, ensure
organization (active in Syria and DRC) their longevity and accessibility,
▪ Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP) Pakistan emerged as and unveil ancient Indian
the fastest-growing terrorist group, with a knowledge to the world.
90% increase in attributed deaths
81. What is India's ranking among the most polluted
80. Which ministry serves as the nodal authority for countries in the world, as per the 2024 World Air
the Gyan Bharatam Mission? Quality Report?
a) Ministry of Education (a) 2nd (b) 3rd (c) 4th (d) 5th
b) Ministry of Culture Ans: d
c) Ministry of Science and Technology
d) Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Explanation
Ans: b ▪ The 7th annual World Air Quality Report By
Swiss air quality technology company IQAir
Explanation ▪ 13 of the world's 20 most polluted cities
located in India
▪ The National Archives of India (NAI)
▪ Byrnihat (Meghalaya) on the Meghalaya-
celebrated its 135th Foundation Day on 11th
Assam border is the “most polluted city in
March 2025 with an exhibition titled “Indian
the world (annual PM2.5 concentration of
Heritage through Architecture.”
128.2 µg/m³)
▪ NAI started ‘Gyan Bharatam Mission’ to
▪ Delhi remains the most polluted capital.
increase access to knowledge
▪ India ranked fifth in air pollution in 2024,
▪ The National Archives of India, an attached
improving from third place in 2023.
office under the Ministry of Culture, was
▪ The report looked at the data from over
originally established as the Imperial Record
40,000 air quality monitoring stations across
Department on 11 March 1891 in Kolkata
138 countries, territories, and regions, and
(Calcutta).
was analysed by IQAir’s air quality scientists.
▪ Following the transfer of the capital to Delhi
▪ Decline in Average PM2.5 Levels in India
in 1911, the present NAI building, designed
▪ India's average PM2.5 concentration
by Sir Edwin Lutyens, was completed in 1926.
in 2024 was 50.6 µg/m³, reflecting

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a 7% decrease from 2023 (54.4 Best Performance in a Nitanshi Goel (Laapataa

µg/m³). Leading Role (Female) Ladies)
▪ Six Indian cities ranked among the Best Performance in a Kartik Aaryan (Bhool
world’s 10 most polluted (Delhi, Leading Role (Male) Bhulaiyaa 3)
Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Best Performance in Raghav Juyal (Kill)
Mumbai and Chennai). Negative Role
▪ Most Polluted Countries Best Choreography Bosco-Caesar (Tauba
▪ The five most polluted countries, Tauba – Bad Newz)
based on annual average PM2.5 Outstanding Rakesh Roshan
concentrations, were: Achievement in Indian
Cinema
▪ Chad – 91.8 µg/m³
▪ Bangladesh – 78 µg/m³
IIFA DIGITAL Awards 2025
▪ Pakistan – 73.7 µg/m³
CATEGORY AWARD
▪ Congo – 58.2 µg/m³
Best Film Amar Singh Chamkila
▪ India – 50.6 µg/m³
Best Director (Film) Imtiaz Ali, for Amar Singh
▪ Widespread Exposure to Dirty Air
Chamkila
▪ In 2024, most of the global
Best Performance in a Kriti Sanon, for Do Patti
population was breathing polluted air. Leading Role (Female)
▪ Only 12 countries, regions, and Best Performance in a Vikrant Massey, for Sector
territories met the WHO’s Leading Role (Male) 36
recommended PM2.5 limit of 5 Best Original Story Kanika Dhillon, for Do
µg/m³. Patti
▪ These regions were primarily in Latin Best Series Panchayat Season 3
America, the Caribbean, and Best Director (Series) Deepak Kumar Mishra, for
Oceania. Panchayat Season 3
Best Yo Yo Honey Singh:
82. Which of the following pairs of award categories Docuseries/DocuFilm Famous
and winners at the 25th International Indian Film
Academy (IIFA) Awards 2024 is correct? 83. Which three countries are participating in the
(a) Best Picture – Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 joint naval drills "Security Belt-2025" in the Gulf of
(b) Best Director - Kiran Rao Oman?
(c) Best Performance in a Leading Role (Female) – Alia A) India, Russia, China B) Iran, Russia, China
Bhatt C) Iran, India, USA D) China, USA, France
(d) Best Performance in a Leading Role (Male) – Ans: b
Raghav Juyal (Kill)
Ans: b Explanation
“Security Belt-2025”
Explanation ▪ Iran, Russia and China have begun joint naval
IIFA Awards 2025 drills in the Gulf of Oman, marking the fifth
▪ The International Indian Film Academy Awards year the three countries have conducted
(IIFA) 25th edition, held on March 8 and 9. military drills together.
▪ The festivities kicked off with the IIFA Digital ▪ The exercises, called “Security Belt-2025”, will
Awards 2025 on March 8, followed by the take place near the Iranian port of Chabahar.
grand main event ▪ The exercises aim to strengthen military
▪ Hosts of Nexa IIFA Awards 2025 - Kartik cooperation and trust among the participating
Aaryan and Karan Johar countries

IIFA Awards 2025 Winners List: 84. Which institute has partnered with Coal India
Category Winner Limited (CIL) to establish the Centre of Clean Energy
Best Picture Laapataa Ladies & Net Zero (CLEANZ)?
Best Director Kiran Rao (Laapataa A. IIT Bombay B. IIT Delhi
Ladies) C. IIT Hyderabad D. IIT Kharagpur

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Ans: c Explanation
Glass-Ceiling Index 2025: Best Countries for Working
Explanation Women
▪ Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad and ▪ According to The Economist’s 2025 Glass-
Coal India Limited (CIL) in a significant Ceiling Index, a rise in the percentage of
development signed a Memorandum of women on corporate boards, reaching 33%,
Understanding to establish the Centre of as well as an increase in women’s labour-force
Clean Energy & Net Zero (CLEANZ). participation, which grew to 66.6%, up from
▪ The centre will focus on cutting-edge research, 65.8% the previous year; however, it remains
technology development, and skill lower compared to men at 81%.
enhancement for sustainable energy solutions ▪ Sweden secured the top position in the index
for 2025, ending Iceland’s two-year reign as
85. Which two Indian cricketers have surpassed the best country for working women.
Yuvraj Singh’s record for most ICC final appearances?
A. MS Dhoni and Suresh Raina 88. Who has been appointed as the new President &
B. Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma CEO of Honda Cars India Ltd (HCIL)?
C. Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid A. Takuya Tsumura B. Takashi Nakajima
D. KL Rahul and Hardik Pandya C. Kenichi Ayukawa D. Toshihiro Mibe
Ans: b Ans: b

Explanation Explanation
▪ Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma Break Yuvraj ▪ Honda Motor Co., Ltd. has appointed Takashi
Singh’s Record for Most ICC Final Appearances Nakajima as the new president & CEO of
Honda Cars India Ltd (HCIL).
Players with most appearances in ICC event finals: ▪ He will take charge from April 1, 2025
1. Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli: 9 finals
2. Yuvraj Singh, Ravindra Jadeja: 8 finals 89. Which team won the Women's Premier League
3. Mahela Jayawardene, Kumar Sangakkara: 7 finals (WPL) 2025 title?
A) Delhi Capitals B) Gujarat Giants
86. Who has been named the EY Entrepreneur Of The C) Royal Challengers Bangalore D) Mumbai Indians
Year (EOY) 2024 from India? Ans: d
A. Vijay Shekhar Sharma B. Ritesh Agarwal
C. Nithin Kamath D. Bhavish Aggarwal Explanation
Ans: c Mumbai Indians claimed their second Women’s
Premier League (WPL) title 2025
Explanation ▪ Harmanpreet Kaur-led Mumbai Indians beat
Nithin Kamath, Founder and CEO of Zerodha, has Meg Lanning's Delhi Capitals by eight runs at
been named the EY Entrepreneur Of The Year 2024 the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai
(EOY) and will represent India at the EY World
Entrepreneur Of The Year Award (WEOY) in Monte The other award winners:
Carlo in June 2025. ▪ Chinelle Henry: highest strike-rate this season
▪ Zerodha is an Indian financial services ▪ Ashleigh Gardner: most sixes this season
company that offers online trading and ▪ Annabel Sutherland: catch of the season
brokerage services. It was founded in 2010 ▪ Amanjot Kaur: emerging player of the season
and is headquartered in Bangalore. ▪ Gujarat Giants: fair play award

87. Which country secured the top position in the 90. What is the theme of the Raisina Dialogue 2025?
Glass-Ceiling Index 2025 as the best country for A) "Global Resilience: Strengthening Democracies"
working women? B) "Strategic Realignments in a Changing World"
A. Iceland B. Sweden C. Norway D. Finland C) "Kālachakra - People, Peace and Planet"
Ans: b D) "Innovating for a Sustainable Future"
Ans: c

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Explanation ▪ The mission involves four suitcase-sized

New Zealand PM Christopher Luxon to be Chief Guest satellites that will observe the sun and its
at inaugural session of 10th Raisina Dialogue-2025 environment.
▪ He is on a five day visit to India.
▪ PM Narendra Modi will inaugurate the 92. Which health insurance company launched the
Dialogue on 17 March. “SheTARA” health campaign in Tamil Nadu?
▪ The 10th edition of the Raisina Dialogue will (a) ICICI Lombard (b) HDFC ERGO
be held from 17-19 March, 2025. (c) Max Bupa (d) Star Health Insurance
▪ The theme of the 2025 edition is "Kālachakra Ans: d
- People, Peace and Planet”.
▪ The Raisina Dialogue is a multilateral Explanation
conference held annually in New Delhi since ▪ Star Health Insurance launches the “SheTARA”
2016 - India's flagship conference on health campaign in Tamil Nadu to celebrate
geopolitics and geo-economics. International Women’s Day.
▪ This initiative aims to raise people’s
91. What is the primary objective of the SPHEREx awareness of preventative healthcare
mission? solutions and recruit more women as
A) To study black holes in the Milky Way insurance agents. This is a crucial step as
B) To observe exoplanets and their atmospheres Tamil Nadu’s factories employ nearly 42% of
C) To study cosmic inflation and map the universe in India’s women workers (6.3 lakh).
3D ▪ Star Health Insurance is one of India’s leading
D) To detect radio waves from deep space health insurance companies operating since
Ans: c 2006.

Explanation 93. How many total medals did India win at the
▪ A NASA telescope megaphone-shaped Special Olympics World Winter Games 2025?
SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History A) 28 B) 30 C) 33 D) 35
of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ans: c
Ices Explorer) was launched by a SpaceX
Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Explanation
Base into space from California ▪ India ends Special Olympics World Winter
▪ Tenure: 2 year Games campaign with 33 medals
▪ Special Olympics World Winter Games held in
OBJECTIVES : Turin, Italy.
▪ The mission aims to deepen the ▪ India's medal tally included 8 gold, 18 silver,
understanding of a phenomenon known as and 7 bronze medals.
cosmic inflation, referring to the universe's
rapid and exponential expansion after the Big 94 . Who was honored with the “TIE Mumbai Hall of
Bang that occurred roughly 13.8 billion years Fame” award at the TIECON summit 2025?
ago. A) Uddhav Thackeray B) Devendra Fadnavis
▪ It will map the universe while detecting two C) Eknath Shinde D) Sharad Pawar
kinds of cosmic light, optical and infrared Ans: b
▪ It will create a three-dimensional map of the
cosmos in 102 colors - individual wavelengths Explanation
of light - and will study the history and ▪ Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis
evolution of galaxies. honoured with ‘TIE Mumbai Hall of Fame’
▪ Being launched along with SPHEREx is a award
constellation of satellites for NASA's PUNCH - ▪ He was awarded in the TIECON summit
short for Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Mumbai 2025: “Dhanda First”, organized by
Heliosphere - mission to better understand TIECON in Mumbai.
the solar wind, the continuous flow of ▪ This award was presented to him for his
charged particles from the sun. outstanding contribution in the field of

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infrastructure development, investment and 97. Who has been awarded the 2026 TWAS Award in
water conservation. Engineering and Computer Sciences by UNESCO?
▪ The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE), was founded A) T. Pradeep B) Rohini Godbole
in 1992 in Silicon Valley by a group of C) Suman Chakraborty D) Uday Maitra
successful entrepreneurs, corporate Ans: c
executives, and senior professionals with roots
in the Indus region Explanation
▪ Professor Suman Chakraborty of IIT
95. Who has recently assumed charge as the Chief Kharagpur Wins UNESCO’s TWAS Award
Executive of the Indian Banks’ Association (IBA)? 2026.
A) Rajiv Kumar B) Atul Kumar Goel ▪ UNESCO - United Nations Educational,
C) Dinesh Kumar Khara D) M. Rajeshwar Rao Scientific and Cultural Organization
Ans: b ▪ The TWAS Awards (formerly known as TWAS
Prizes) are awarded biennially to individual
Explanation scientists from developing countries for their
▪ Atul Kumar Goel Assumes Charge as Chief outstanding contributions to scientific
Executive of the Indian Banks’ Association knowledge and the application of science and
(IBA) technology to sustainable development.
▪ He succeeded Sunil Mehta ▪ The award recognizes contributions in nine
▪ Atul Goel was MD and CEO of Punjab fields of sciences: Agricultural Sciences,
National Bank (PNB) from February 2022 to Biology, Chemistry, Earth, Astronomy and
December 2024 Space Sciences, Engineering Sciences,
▪ The Indian Banks' Association (IBA) was Mathematics, Medical Sciences, Physics, and
formed on September 26, 1946 Social Sciences.
▪ It is a representative body of management of ▪ Professor Suman Chakraborty has also been
banking in India operating in India – an an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow in
association of Indian banks and financial Germany, as well as a Fellow of the American
institutions based in Mumbai. Physical Society, American Society of
Mechanical Engineers and the Royal Society of
96. What new name has the Commonwealth Games Chemistry.
Federation (CGF) adopted? ▪ Professor Chakraborty is currently a J.C. Bose
A) Commonwealth Athletics National Fellow.
B) Commonwealth Federation ▪ His notable innovations include Oroscreen, a
C) Commonwealth Sport torch-like imaging device for the early
D) Global Sports Federation detection of oral cancer, and Covirap, a rapid
Ans: c COVID-19 detection test kit

Explanation 98. Which bank has recently appointed Bollywood

▪ Commonwealth Games Federation Rebrands actress Vidya Balan as its brand ambassador?
as ‘Commonwealth Sport’ on (A) HDFC Bank (B) ICICI Bank
Commonwealth Day 2025. (C) Federal Bank (D) Axis Bank
▪ The Commonwealth Games Federation will Ans: c
be known as Commonwealth Sport
▪ Commonwealth Day 2025 was celebrated Explanation
across the Commonwealth - 10 March Federal Bank has appointed actor Vidya Balan its first-
▪ King Charles, the Patron of Commonwealth ever brand ambassador.
Sport About Federal Bank
▪ Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games - • Founded- 23 April 1931
from 23 July to 2 August • Founder- K.P Hormis
• Headquarters – Kochi, Kerala.
• MD & CEO- – KVS Manian (replaced Shyam
Srinivasan)

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99. Which airport won the ‘Best Airport over 40 peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and human
million passengers’ award in the Asia-Pacific region rights.
for 2024?
(A) Indira Gandhi International Airport UN Specializ Funds Related Other
(B) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Principa ed and Organizat Entitie
(C) Kempegowda International Airport l Organs Agencie Program ions s and
(D) Rajiv Gandhi International Airport s of UN mes Bodie
Ans: b s
UNGA working Focus on They These
UNSC with the addressin work in are
Explanation
ICJ UN in g collaborat relate
Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji international airport
Secretar accorda particular ion with d to
wins best airport award in Asia-Pacific region for 8th
iat nce with humanita the UN to other
time ECOSOC relations rian and promote purpo
▪ Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Trustees hip develop internatio ses
Airport (CSMIA) in Mumbai was awarded the hip agreeme ment nal such
‘Best Airport over 40 million passengers’ in council nts concerns. cooperati as
the Asia-Pacific region FAO UNDP on and huma
▪ The Airport Service Quality (ASQ) award was IFAD UNEP achieve n
presented to the Mumbai airport by the IMF UNICEF common rights,
Airports Council International (ACI), marking WHO UN- goals. relief
the eighth consecutive win for CSMIA. WORLD HABITAT IOM work
BANK WTO etc.
100. Which initiative did UN Secretary-General IAEA UNHC
OPCW R
António Guterres recently launch to enhance the
UNAID
efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the United
S
Nations? UN
A) UN Efficient 80 B) Global Digital Compact WOM
C) UN Common Agenda D) UN80 Initiative EN
Ans: d UNRW
A
Explanation
UN chief announces new ‘UN80 Initiative’ to improve 101. Which film won the Best Film award at the Asian
efficiencies amid shrinking resources, uncertainty Film Awards 2025?
▪ UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has A) Santosh B) All We Imagine As Light
announced a new initiative aimed at C) The Disciple D) Gully Boy
improving efficiencies at the 80-year-old Ans: b
world organisation and making it more cost-
effective. Explanation
▪ 1945: the UN was founded after the signing ▪ ‘All We Imagine As Light’; ‘Santosh’ actor
of the UN Charter by 51 countries on June Shahana Goswami win big at Asian Film
26th. The headquarters of the UN is located in Awards
New York City. ▪ At the Asian Film Awards 2025 "All We Imagine
▪ The UN officially came into existence on As Light" won the Best Film award.
October 24, 1945, after the ratification of the ▪ Shahana Goswami - Best Actress for her role in
UN Charter by the majority of its founding "Santosh", directed by Sandhya Suri who won
members. the trophy of Best New Director.
▪ 1946: The first meeting of the UN General ▪ The 18th edition of the awards took place in
Assembly was held in London in January Hong Kong.
1946. ▪ "All We Imagine As Light", an official India-
▪ Till present: Over the years, the UN has grown French co-production, charted history by
to include 193 member states and has played becoming the first Indian title from India to win
a key role in many global issues, including

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the Grand Prix Award at the Cannes Film Explanation

Festival last year. Hockey India Awards 2024: Harmanpreet Singh,
Savita Punia Win Player of the Year
102. Which planet now holds the record for the most ▪ Indian men’s hockey team
moons, as per the International Astronomical Union? captain Harmanpreet Singh and veteran
A) Jupiter B) Saturn C) Uranus D) Neptune Indian women's hockey team
Ans: b goalkeeper Savita Punia won the Balbir Singh
Sr. Player of the Year Award for women and
Explanation men respectively at the 7th Hockey India
A team of scientists has found 128 previously awards. Cash prize of Rs. 25 lakh each.
unknown moons hanging around Saturn, in a ▪ Baljit Singh Award for Goalkeeper of the
discovery officially recognized by the International Year: Savita Punia
Astronomical Union. ▪ Major Dhyan Chand Lifetime Achievement
▪ The “moon king” title was held by Jupiter, Award:
but Saturn now has a total of 274 moons, ▪ Indian men’s hockey team that won the 1975
almost twice as many as all the other planets World Cup. They defeated Pakistan in the
combined. final at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The team
▪ There are 95 moons of Jupiter with was led by Ajit Pal Singh.
confirmed orbits as of 5 February 2024
▪ Saturn's first moon, Titan, was discovered in Best unit of the year - Hockey Unit of Tamil Nadu –
1655 by Christiaan Huygens for its efforts at the grassroots
Hockey India President Award for Outstanding
103. Which team won the inaugural International Achievement
Masters League T20 title? ▪ Beighton Cup Hockey Tournament.
A) Australia Masters B) India Masters ▪ It is the oldest hockey tournament in India,
C) West Indies Masters D) England Masters which was started in 1895.
Ans: b ▪ It is currently organised by Hockey Bengal,
and the 125th edition held in 2024 was won
Explanation by the Indian Navy team.
▪ In Cricket, Sachin Tendulkar led India Masters
clinched the inaugural International Masters Jaman Lal Sharma Award for Invaluable Contribution:
League T20 title Prasar Bharti for promoting and broadcasting hockey.
▪ beating Brian Lara’s West Indies Masters by 6 Hockey India
wickets ▪ Formed in 2009; Headquarters: New Delhi
▪ at the Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh ▪ President: Dileep Tirkey
International Stadium in Raipur.
▪ Shane Watson - Most Sixes of the Season 105. With reference to Mission Amrit Sarovar,
award and Kumar consider the following statements:
▪ Ambati Rayudu - the Player of the Match 1. Each Amrit Sarovar must have a minimum
award. pondage area of 2 acres.
2. The mission was launched on 24th April 2022.
104. Which team was honored with the Major Dhyan 3. Bhaskar Acharya National Institute for Space
Chand Lifetime Achievement Award at the 7th Application and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N)
Hockey India Annual Awards 2025? serves as the technical partner for the
A) 1980 Olympic Gold Medal Team mission.
B) 1975 Hockey World Cup Winning Team Which of the statements given above are correct?
C) 1998 Asian Games Gold Medal Team A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only
D) 2016 Junior Hockey World Cup Team C) 1 and 3 only D) 2 and 3 only
Ans: b Ans: b

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Explanation ▪ It promotes wrestling players for the

Indian Railways Joins Mission Amrit Sarovar to Tackle Olympics, Asian Games, National Wrestling
Water Scarcity Championships, and World Wrestling
▪ The Indian Railways will dig ponds as part of Championships.
the Union government’s Mission Amrit
Sarovar that aims to address the critical issue 107. Which organization designed and developed
of water scarcity in the country. Astra, India’s beyond visual range air-to-air missile
(BVRAAM)?
Mission Amrit Sarovar A) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
▪ Mission Amrit Sarovar was launched on 24th B) Defence Research and Development Organisation
April 2022 (DRDO)
▪ The Mission aimed at developing / C) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
rejuvenating 75 Amrit Sarovar (Pond) in each D) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
district of the Country, totalling about 50,000 Ans: b
Amrit Sarovars in the country.
▪ The phase two of the mission was launched Explanation
with a renewed focus on ensuring water ▪ India has successfully test fired beyond visual
availability, with community participation range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) Astra from
(Jan Bhagidaari) at its core LCA Tejas AF MK1 off Odisha coast, paving the
▪ Every Amrit Sarovar will have a pondage area way for its integration in the indigenously
of at least 1 acre with a water holding developed fighter jet.
capacity of about 10,000 cubic metre. ▪ Designed and developed by DRDO, Astra
▪ It is based on the “Whole of Government” missile is capable of engaging the targets up
approach with the participation from the to a range of over 100 km.
Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Jal ▪ The 3.8 metre long state-of-the-art missile has
Shakti, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of a launch weight of about 154 kg.
Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Environment, ▪ It uses solid-fuel propellant and a 15 kg high-
Forest & Climate Change, and technical explosive warhead, activated by a proximity
organizations. fuse.
▪ Bhaskar Acharya National Institute for Space
Application and Geo-informatics (BISAG- 108. Which institution won the Digital
N) has been engaged as a technical Transformation Award 2025 by Central Banking for its
partner for the Mission. digital initiatives, Sarthi and Pravaah?
▪ Amrit Sarovar Portal and Mobile A) Bank of England B) Federal Reserve
App developed by BISAG-N is used for tracking C) Reserve Bank of India D) European Central Bank
the progress/ performance of Mission Amrit Ans: c
Sarovar in districts.
Explanation
106. Who has been elected as a Bureau Member of RBI Wins Digital Transformation Award 2025 for
United World Wrestling (UWW)-Asia in 2025? Pravaah and Sarthi Initiatives
a) Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh b) Deepak Punia ▪ The Reserve Bank of India – RBI has been
c) Sanjay Singh d) Bajrang Punia selected for the Digital Transformation Award
Ans: c 2025 by Central Banking at London in UK.
▪ Sarthi, launched in January 2023, digitised
Explanation RBI’s internal workflows, enabling its
▪ The Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) employees to store and share documents
president, Sanjay Singh, has been elected a securely, improving record management, and
Bureau Member of United World Wrestling increasing the options for data analysis
(UWW)-Asia. through reports and dashboards.
▪ Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) is a ▪ Launched in May 2024 as Pravaah, a digitised
governing body of wrestling based in New means was created for external users to
Delhi. submit regulatory applications to the RBI.

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109. The Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs, recently ▪ As per Operational Guidelines, 2019
added to India's UNESCO Tentative List, are located in of UNESCO, it is mandatory to put any
which Indian state? monument/site on the tentative list for one
A) Karnataka B) Tamil Nadu year before it is considered for the final
C) Telangana D) Andhra Pradesh nomination dossier.
Ans: c ▪ Once the nomination is done, it is sent to the
World Heritage Centre (WHC).
Explanation
Six New Properties Added to India’s UNESCO 110. Who won the 2025 Holberg Prize ?
Tentative List A) Gayatri Spivak B) Amartya Sen
1. Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs: C) Noam Chomsky D) Homi Bhabha
▪ standing stones in Telangana’s Narayanpet Ans: a
district, dating back approximately 3,500 to
4,000 years. Explanation
▪ The menhirs are considered sacred by the ▪ Gayatri Spivak, celebrated literary critic and
local population, who refer to them as postcolonial scholar, has won the 2025
‘Niluralla Thimmappa’ (Thimmappa of the Holberg Prize, considered the equivalent of
Standing Stones), with one particular menhir the Nobel Prize in the field of humanities,
being worshipped as Goddess Yellamma. social sciences, law or theology research.
2. Chausath Yogini Temples in Madhya Pradesh and ▪ The prize carries a $5,40,000 cash prize.
Odisha ▪ The prestigious award goes to her for“critique
▪ ancient, circular, and hypaethral (open to the of structures of power and knowledge in an
sky) temples dedicated to the 64 Yoginis, unequal world”
female deities associated with the Shakta ▪ She has also coined the term ‘planetarity’, a
tradition, found primarily in Madhya Pradesh response to historically capitalist notions of
and Odisha ‘globalisation’.
3. The Palace-Fortresses of the Bundelas in Madhya
Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. 111. How much monthly financial assistance is
▪ six significant components: Garhkundar Fort, provided to interns under the PM Internship
Raja Mahal, Jahangir Mahal, Datia Palace, Scheme?
Jhansi Fort and Dhubela Palace. A) Rs 3,000 B) Rs 4,000 C) Rs 5,000 D) Rs 6,000
▪ These forts and palaces embody the cultural Ans: c
traditions, architectural styles, and political
history of the Bundela Rajputs, who played a Explanation
significant role in Indian history from the 16th FM Nirmala Sitharaman Launches Mobile App for PM
to the 19th centuries. Internship Scheme
▪ The launch, aims to enhance participation by
The other three are : facilitating easier registration for the second
3. Kanger Valley National Park in Chhattisgarh round of the scheme, which accepts
4. Ashokan Edict Sites in multiple states applications until March 31.
5. Gupta Temples in multiple states PM internship scheme:
▪ World Heritage Sites are designated as ▪ announced in the Budget 2024-25.
having “outstanding universal value” under ▪ It aims to provide internship opportunities to
the Convention Concerning the Protection of one crore youth in top 500 companies in five
the World Cultural and Natural Heritage years
1972. ▪ Under this scheme, interns will be provided
▪ It provides a framework for international a monthly financial assistance of Rs 5,000 for
cooperation in preserving and protecting 12 months and a one-time grant of Rs 6,000.
cultural treasures and natural areas Who is eligible for the scheme?
throughout the world. ▪ Candidates aged between 21 and 24 years
▪ There are three types of sites: Cultural, and who are not engaged in full-time
Natural, and Mixed. employment.

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▪ Internships are available to those who have C) Azerbaijan and Armenia

passed class 10 or higher. D) Iran and Azerbaijan
▪ Individuals from families with government Ans: c
jobs are excluded.
▪ It is not open to post-graduates. Explanation
▪ A candidate who graduated from premier Armenia and Azerbaijan finalise draft peace deal to
institutes such as IIT, IIM, or IISER, and those resolve four decades of conflict over Nagorno-
who have CA, or CMA qualification would not Karabakh
be eligible to apply for this internship. Nagorno-Karabakh region is a landlocked
▪ Anyone from a household that includes a mountainous area in the South Caucasus.
person who earned an income of Rs.8 lakh or The region is internationally recognised as part of
more in 2023-24, will not be eligible. Azerbaijan but has a majority ethnic Armenian
population that has sought self-rule. The conflict has
112. Who won the women's singles title at the BNP led to multiple wars, ceasefires, and international
Paribas Open Indian Wells 2025? interventions.
A) Iga Swiatek B) Coco Gauff Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Agreement (2025)
C) Aryna Sabalenka D) Mirra Andreeva ▪ Armenia has accepted Azerbaijan’s control
Ans: d over Nagorno-Karabakh.
▪ Both nations agreed to establish diplomatic
Explanation relations and restore trade routes.
Mirra Andreeva beats No. 1-ranked Aryna Sabalenka ▪ However, the timeline for signing the deal is
to win the Indian Wells title uncertain as Azerbaijan has said a prerequisite
BNP Paribas Open Indian Wells 2025 (Men): Jack for its signature is a change to Armenia's
Draper beats Holger Rune constitution, which it says makes implicit
claims to its territory.
113. What is the primary objective of the ‘Rajiv Yuva ▪ Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and
Vikasam’ scheme? Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan
A) To provide scholarships for higher education
B) To promote agricultural development among youth 115. Consider the following statements regarding the
C) To provide housing subsidies for marginalized 19th edition of the Ramnath Goenka Excellence in
communities Journalism Awards
D) To offer self-employment opportunities to 1. The awards were presented in Print, Digital,
Backward Classes youth and Broadcast Journalism categories.
Ans: d 2. A total of 27 journalists were honored across
13 categories.
Explanation 3. Each winner received a citation, trophy, and a
Telangana launches Rajiv Yuva Vikasam scheme; cash prize of ₹1 lakh.
financial assistance to Backward Classes youth Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?
▪ The government has decided to provide A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only
financial assistance of ₹6,000 crore to five lakh C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
unemployed Backward Classes youth under Ans: d
Rajiv Yuva Vikasam enabling them to take up
self-employment. Explanation
▪ Each of the selected beneficiaries will be President of India presents 19th Ramnath Goenka
provided with financial assistance of ₹3 lakh Excellence In Journalism Awards
under the scheme enabling them to opt for ▪ Ramnath Goenka Excellence In Journalism
self-employment. Awards are instituted by the Ramnath
Goenka Foundation, the awards acknowledge
114. Which two sovereign states are the primary and honour the best of journalism showcasing
parties in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict? 20 outstanding contributions from print,
A) Armenia and Turkey digital and broadcast journalists
B) Russia and Georgia

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▪ across 13 categories, including investigative 117. The Baradari or pavilions at Ana Sagar Lake were
journalism, sports, politics and government, built by which Mughal emperor?
books, feature writing and regional languages. A) Akbar B) Aurangzeb
▪ The 19th edition of the awards honoured 27 C) Babur D) Shah Jahan
journalists across print and digital formats Ans: d
▪ The winners were presented with a citation, a
Trophy, and a cash prize of Rs one lakh. Explanation
Context: The Supreme Court recently directed the
About Ramnath Goenka: state govt to remove replica structures from the
▪ Born in Darbhanga on April 3, 1904 ‘Seven Wonders' park in the wetland area of Ana
▪ In 1936, he founded The Indian Express. Sagar lake in six months.
▪ In 1941, he was elected President of the ▪ It is an artificial lake situated in Ajmer,
National Newspaper Editors’ Conference. Rajasthan.
▪ He was also a member of the first Constituent ▪ It was built by raising a dam across the
Assembly, having put his signature on the Luni or Lavanavari River.
Constitution of India. ▪ The lake was built by Arnoraja
▪ He was a fearless journalist who is Chauhan, the grandfather of Prithviraj
remembered for his fierce opposition to Chauhan, in 1135 - 1150 AD and was named
former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, during after him.
the days of the Emergency. ▪ It is spread over 13 km.
▪ The lake also comprises Baradari
116. In which year did UNESCO inscribe Navroz on or pavilions that were built by Shah Jahan in
the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural 1637 AD.
Heritage of Humanity? ▪ The Daulat Bagh Gardens, located on the
A) 2009 B) 2012 C) 2016 D) 2018 banks of the lake, was built by Jehangir.
Ans: c ▪ There is an island in the center of the lake
which is accessible by boat.
Explanation ▪ A circuit house is there on a hill near the lake
▪ The Parsi New Year Nowruz, also spelled that used to be the British Residency.
Novruz, Navruz, Nooruz, Nevruz, or Nauryz,
▪ Meaning “new day” in Persian, is far more 118. Which of the following statements about
than just the start of a new year—it is an Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is correct?
ancient celebration of life, rebirth, and the A) It is India's first manmade wildlife sanctuary
triumph of light over darkness. B) It is located in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
▪ With roots extending back over 3,000 years to C) It known for Elephant population
the era of Zoroastrianism, Nowruz heralds the D) The wildlife species in the sanctuary are entirely
arrival of spring and is celebrated on the day native.
of the vernal equinox, usually March 20 or Ans: a
21.
▪ In 2010, the United Nations General Explanation
Assembly proclaimed March 21 as the The Sagreshwar wildlife sanctuary has 536 sambars
International Day of Nowruz, encouraging and 295 cheetals (spotted deer), making the sanctuary
global celebrations that highlight the festival's one of the highest in deer population, especially
themes of peace, unity, and renewal. among manmade wildlife sanctuaries.
▪ UNESCO inscribed Navroz on About Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary
the Representative List of the Intangible ▪ It is located in the Sangli district
Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016, of Maharashtra.
following an initial inscription in 2009. ▪ It is India’s first manmade wildlife sanctuary.
▪ most of the wildlife species were artificially
introduced.
▪ The sanctuary derives its name from
an ancient Sagareshwar temple.

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119. In which language was Kamba Ramayana ▪ Proclaimed 21st March of each year as the
originally written? World Day for Glaciers starting in 2025.
A) Sanskrit B) Kannada ▪ Theme, "Save Our Glaciers"
C) Telugu D) Tamil
Ans: d 121. Who are the authors of the book March of
Glory, which celebrates India's 1975 Hockey World
Explanation Cup triumph?
Ministry of Culture has launched a comprehensive A) Sjoerd Marijne and Ric Charlesworth
initiative to preserve and promote Kamba Ramayana B) M.S. Gill and Sundeep Misra
recitals in Tamil Nadu. C) Harendra Singh and Gurbux Singh
▪ Kamba Ramayana, also known as D) K. Arumugam and Errol D’Cruz
Ramavataram, is a Tamil epic based on the Ans: d
Sanskrit Valmiki Ramayana.
▪ Written by: Explanation
▪ Composed by Tamil poet Kambar in Book ‘March of Glory’ Released to Celebrate India’s
the 12th century CE. 1975 Hockey World Cup Victory
▪ Patronized by Thiruvennai Nallur ▪ Written by hockey historian and founder of
Sadayappa Vallal, whose name NGO One Thousand Hockey Legs (OTHL) K.
appears every 1,000 verses in Arumugam and journalist Errol D’Cruz
gratitude.
Key Features: 122. Who has been awarded the prestigious
▪ Structure: Divided into 6 Kandams (chapters), Stockholm Water Prize 2025 for his contributions to
113 Padalams (sections), and around 10,569 water engineering?
verses. A) Günter Blöschl B) John Cherry
▪ Language: Written in classical Tamil, C) Upmanu Lall D) Andrea Rinaldo
highlighting regional devotion and cultural Ans: a
values.
▪ Cultural Integration: Combines Tamil folk Explanation
elements with deep philosophical and Hydrologist Günter Blöschl Wins 2025 Stockholm
spiritual symbolism. Water Prize
▪ Performance Tradition: Traditionally recited ▪ Blöschl is a professor at the Vienna University
by Kamba Ramayana Mandali in temples; now of Technology
being revived through state initiatives. ▪ Stockholm Water Prize is the world's most
▪ The Valmiki Ramayana comprises 24,000 prestigious water award
verses organized into seven kandas: ▪ It is awarded by the Stockholm Water
Bālakāṇḍa (Childhood of Rama); Foundation in cooperation with the Royal
Ayodhyakāṇḍa (Ayodhya); Araṇyakāṇḍa Swedish Academy of Sciences.
(Forest); Kiṣkindhakāṇḍa (Kishkindha); ▪ The Prize will be presented to Blöschl by King
Sundarakāṇḍa (Beautiful); Yuddhakāṇḍa Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, official patron of
(War); Uttarakāṇḍa (Aftermath) the Prize, during World Water Week in
Stockholm in August.
120. From which year onwards will March 21st be
officially recognized as the World Day for Glaciers? 123. Who has become the first female and first
A) 2024 B) 2025 C) 2026 D) 2030 African President of the International Olympic
Ans: b Committee (IOC)?
A) Nawal El Moutawakel B) Fatma Samoura
Explanation C) Kirsty Coventry D) Tegla Loroupe
▪ World Day for Glaciers, observed annually on Ans: c
March 21
▪ The United Nations declared 2025 as the Explanation
International Year of Glaciers' Preservation, ▪ Kirsty Coventry (Zimbabwean) became
International Olympic Committee’s first

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female and first African president in its 130- levitation

year history. D) Expands thermally and forms metallic bonds
▪ to replace Thomas Bach Ans: b
▪ A seven-times Olympic
medallist, Coventry won 200m backstroke Explanation
gold at the 2004 Athens Games and again in ▪ Italian scientists have successfully "frozen"
Beijing four years later. light, demonstrating that it can behave as a
▪ She was added to the IOC’s Athletes’ supersolid
Commission in 2012
▪ The International Olympic Committee is the What Is a Supersolid?
guardian of the Olympic Games and the ▪ A supersolid is a strange and unique type of
leader of the Olympic Movement. matter that combines two very different
▪ Established in June 1894 as a not-for-profit properties:
independent international organisation. ▪ Superfluidity – The ability to flow without
▪ It is based in Lausanne, Switzerland friction, just like liquid helium.
▪ Solid Structure – A stable and organized
124. Which shipyard launched the frigate ‘Tavasya’ arrangement of particles, just like a crystal.
under Project 1135.6?
A) Cochin Shipyard Limited 126. Which of the following are prominent megalithic
B) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited sites in India?
C) Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers A) Dholavira and Lothal
D) Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) B) Brahmagiri and Adichanallur
Ans: d C) Ajanta and Ellora
D) Nalanda and Vikramshila
Explanation Ans: b
▪ Goa Shipyard launches second P1135.6
frigate ‘Tavasya’, a monumental leap in Explanation
India’s indigenous warship building ▪ The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has
▪ Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), one of India’s stumbled upon a cluster of over 100 megaliths
premier defence shipyards, achieved yet near Malampuzha dam in Palakkad, Kerala
another historic milestone with the successful during a recent exploration expedition.
launch of ‘Tavasya’, the second frigate of ▪ Megalithic structures are structures, which
Project 1135.6 (Yard 1259) are built for burials using large, often rough
▪ With a displacement exceeding 3,800 tonnes, stones, without mortar or cement.
‘Tavasya’ is engineered to execute a diverse ▪ Such chambers were common during
range of offensive and defensive operations, Neolithic and Bronze Ages.
ensuring strategic dominance in the Indian ▪ The ASI said that most of the burials are of
Ocean Region (IOR). Cists variety
▪ The first indigenous P1135.6 frigate built by ▪ Cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box
Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) for the Indian or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the
Navy is named "Triput”, which was lauched in dead.
July, 2024 ▪ Megaliths, large stone structures, are found
▪ It is a maiden attempt by an Indian Shipyard across India particularly in the southern India.
to construct these complex platforms, which Most notable sites are Brahmagiri in
were previously imported in a fully built Karnataka and Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu.
condition.
127. What is the primary objective of the SwaYaan
125. Which of the following best describes the initiative?
unique properties of a supersolid? A) Promote drone tourism in India
A) Exhibits plasma behavior and conducts electricity B) Develop a skilled workforce in drone and allied
B) Combines superfluidity with a solid structure technologies
C) Demonstrates gaseous diffusion and magnetic

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C) Manufacture military drones for border security ▪ Dancer Urmila Satyanarayana, a

D) Establish drone delivery networks across rural India Bharatanatyam exponent, had been selected
Ans: b for the Nritya Kalanidhi award.

Explanation Sangita Kalanidhi Award:

Context: The Ministry of Electronics and Information ▪ It is considered the highest award in the field
Technology (MeitY) and Drone Federation of India of Carnatic music.
launched the National Innovation Challenge for ▪ The award is conferred by the Madras Music
Drone Research (NIDAR) under the SwaYaan Academy.
initiative. ▪ The award comprises a gold medal and a
▪ NIDAR aims to encourage research, birudu patra (citation).
innovation, and real-world drone applications
in disaster management and precision 130. Consider the following statements regarding the
agriculture. revised MSME classification:
▪ Engage over 100 student teams for 1. The turnover threshold for micro-enterprises
developing autonomous drone solutions. has been increased from ₹5 crore to ₹10
▪ Foster startup incubation, cloud credits, crore.
software support, and internships. 2. The investment limit for small enterprises has
increased from ₹10 crore to ₹25 crore.
About SwaYaan Initiative: 3. The turnover limit for medium enterprises
▪ A comprehensive capacity-building program remains unchanged at ₹250 crore.
for drone and allied technologies in India. Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?
▪ Launched in: Approved by MeitY in July 2022. A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only
▪ Aims to train 42,560 participants to create C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
a skilled drone technology workforce. Ans: a

128. Who has been elected as the new chairman of Explanation

the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural ▪ For Micro, small and medium enterprises
Heritage (INTACH) for a three-year term? (MSMEs) the investment and turnover limits
A) K. Kasturirangan B) Vinod Kumar Shukla for the classifications has been increased to
C) Ashok Singh Thakur D) Amitabh Kant 2.5 times and two times, respectively.
Ans: c ▪ It will take effect from April 1.

Explanation Types of Enterprises

Changes in Changes in
▪ Shri Ashok Singh Thakur elected as Chairman Investment Turnover
of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Limit Limit
Heritage (INTACH) for a period of three Micro Enterprises From Rs 1 From Rs 5
years. crore to Rs crore to Rs 10
▪ Delhi-based INTACH, a premier heritage 2.5 crore crore
conservation body was established in 1984. Small Enterprises From Rs 10 From Rs 50
crore to Rs crore to Rs
25 crore 100 crore
129. Who won the Nritya Kalanidhi Award 2025?
Medium Enterprises From Rs 50 From Rs 250
A) R.K. Shriramkumar
crore to Rs crore to Rs
B) Shymala Venkateswaran
125 crore 500 crore
C) Urmila Satyanarayana
D) T.R. Govindarajan What are MSMEs?
Ans: c ▪ About: MSME stands for Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises. MSMEs are businesses
Explanation that produce, process, and preserve goods
Violinist R.K. Shriramkumar gets Sangita Kalanidhi and commodities.
award of the Music Academy. ▪ These are broadly classified based on their
investment in plant and machinery for

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manufacturing or equipment for service A) Northern Railway B) Western Railway

enterprises, as well as their annual turnover. C) East Coast Railway (ECoR) D) South Central Railway
▪ MSME Regulation in India: In 2007, Ans: c
the Ministry of Small Scale Industries and
the Ministry of Agro and Rural Explanation
Industries merged to form the Ministry of East Coast Railway Creates History: Becomes the First
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. Railway Zone to Achieve 250 MT of Freight Loading in
2024-25
131. Who won the F1 Chinese Grand Prix? ▪ ECoR’s freight loading record surpasses all
A) Oscar Piastri B) Max Verstappen previous benchmarks of Indian Railways,
C) Lewis Hamilton D) Lando Norris reinforcing its status as the highest freight-
Ans: a loading zone in the country.
▪ This is the second consecutive year that ECoR
Explanation has crossed the 250 MT mark
▪ Oscar Piastri wins F1 Chinese Grand Prix, has
made his maiden Chinese Grand Prix win 134. Which of the following books was written by Dr.
Ram Manohar Lohia?
132. Which organization released the ‘A World of A) Discovery of India
Debt Report 2024’? B) Wheel of History
A) International Monetary Fund (IMF) C) Hind Swaraj
B) World Bank D) The Story of My Experiments with Truth
C) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Ans: b
Development (OECD)
D) United Nations Conference on Trade and Explanation
Development (UNCTAD) Dr Ram Manohar Lohia birth anniversary
Ans: d ▪ Birth: 23rd March, 1910 in Akbarpur, Uttar
Pradesh.
Explanation ▪ Ram Manohar Lohia was an Indian political
United Nations Conference on Trade and activist of the Indian independence
Development (UNCTAD) Released ‘A World of Debt movement and a socialist politician.
Report 2024’
▪ UNCTAD’s 2024 report warns of rising debt Lohia’s Idea of Socialism:
risks, urging immediate global action to Lohia identified five kinds of inequalities that need to
ensure stability. be fought against simultaneously:
▪ Inequality between man and woman,
Key Findings of the Report ▪ Inequality based on skin colour,
▪ Global Debt Surge: Public debt reached $97 ▪ Caste-based inequality,
trillion in 2023, with developing countries' ▪ Colonial rule of some countries over others,
debt rising twice as fast as developed and
nations. ▪ Economic inequality.
▪ India's public debt was recorded at 2.9 trillion
US dollars. Pre-Independence Role:
▪ Debt Servicing Strains: 54 developing ▪ In 1934, he became actively involved in
nations spend more on interest the Congress Socialist Party (CSP),
payments than on social sector. ▪ A vehement opponent of Indian participation
▪ Unequal Financial System: Developing on the side of Great Britain in World War II
nations pay 2 to 12 times more in (1939-45), he was arrested for anti-British
interest than developed countries. remarks in 1939 and again in 1940.
▪ With the emergence in 1942 of the Quit India
133. Which railway zone became the first in India to movement—a campaign initiated
achieve 250 million tons (MT) of originating freight in by Mahatma Gandhi to urge the withdrawal
the financial year 2024-25? of British authorities from India—Lohia and

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other CSP leaders (such as Jaya Prakash 137. Which team won the Men's Kabaddi World Cup
Narayan) mobilized support from the 2025?
underground. For such resistance activities, A) Pakistan B) England
he was jailed again in 1944–46. C) Iran D) India
▪ Some of his works include: ‘Wheel of History’, Ans: d
‘Marx, Gandhi and Socialism’, ‘Guilty Men of
India’s Partition’, etc. Explanation
▪ Death: 12th October, 1967. India clinches both Men’s & Women’s Kabaddi World
Cup 2025
135. In which Indian state was the new freshwater ▪ Kabaddi World Cup 2025 at Wolverhampton
algae species ‘Sheathia rosemalayensis’ discovered? in England.
A) Kerala B) Tamil Nadu ▪ Indian Men’s team defeated the home side
C) Assam D) Karnataka England
Ans: a ▪ Earlier, the Indian Women’s Team also
defeated England
Explanation ▪ At the inaugural edition, hosted by Malaysia
▪ In a recent discovery, researchers recently in 2019, India won both the men’s and
identified a new species of freshwater algae women’s crowns.
named ‘Sheathia rosemalayensis’
▪ It is a new species of freshwater algae. 138. Who won the Men’s Singles title at the All
▪ It was discovered in Rosemala, located in England Open Badminton Championships 2025?
THE western ghats of Kerala, and has been A) Viktor Axelsen B) Kento Momota
named after the place where it was found. C) Lee Chia-hao D) Shi Yuqi
▪ This discovery is crucial because Sheathia Ans: d
species are extremely rare in India.
Explanation
What are Algae? Shi Yu Qi (China) & An Se-young (South Korea) won
▪ Algae are a diverse group of aquatic All-England Badminton 2025 Men’s & Women’s
organisms that have the ability to conduct Singles Title respectively
photosynthesis.
▪ They can be unicellular (single-celled) 139. Which cricket team launched the book “Leo –
or multicellular, ranging from microscopic The Untold Story”?
phytoplankton to large seaweeds like kelp. a) Mumbai Indians
▪ They have no true Roots, Stems, or Leaves. b) Chennai Super Kings
Unlike plants, algae lack vascular tissues. c) Kolkata Knight Riders
d) Royal Challengers Bangalore
136. Which academy won the Bakshi Cup 2025? Ans: b
A) National Defence Academy (NDA)
B) Indian Military Academy (IMA) Explanation
C) Indian Naval Academy (INA) ▪ A new book on Chennai Super Kings, ‘Leo—
D) Air Force Academy (AFA) The Untold Story’
Ans: c ▪ Authored by : Senior advocate and former
Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA) vice-
Explanation president P.S. Raman
Indian Naval Academy wins Bakshi Cup 2025 ▪ Unveiled by :“C.D.” Gopinath, a member of
▪ Started in 1960 by Major General Ranbir India’s first Test-winning team
Singh Bakshi, The Bakhshi Cup is an esteemed
annual inter-services sports competition 140. The North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms
among academies Development Corporation Ltd. (NEHHDC) received
▪ Bakshi Cup 2025 held at Ezhimala, Kannur – the Oeko-Tex certification from which country?
Kerala A) France B) Germany
C) Japan D) United Kingdom

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Ans: b ▪ The festival, organised by the J&K Cine

Association, was held at Abhinav Theatre in
Explanation Jammu.
▪ The North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms
Development Corporation Ltd. (NEHHDC), 142. In which Indian state is the ‘Anthurium Festival’
under the Ministry of Development of North celebrated annually?
Eastern Region, has obtained the Oeko-Tex A) Sikkim B) Meghalaya
certification from Germany for eri silk. C) Mizoram D) Assam
Ans: c
Oeko-Tex Certification
▪ It is an internationally recognized certification Explanation
for textiles, including yarns, fabrics, threads, First-Ever Export of Anthurium Flowers from
buttons, linens, and other accessories. Mizoram to Singapore
▪ It certifies that these materials are tested and ▪ Scientific Name: Anthurium (family: Araceae).
free from harmful substances, ensuring the ▪ Native region: Americas, from northern
products’ safety and suitability for human use. Mexico to northern Argentina and parts of the
▪ Having this certification meets international Caribbean.
safety and sustainability standards. ▪ In India: Widely cultivated in Mizoram and
other North Eastern states.
Eri Silk - ▪ ‘Anthurium Festival’ is an annual cultural and
▪ It is a Geographical Indication (GI) tagged tourism event celebrated in Mizoram.
product from Assam ▪ Floriculture is commercially cultivated in
▪ Eri Silk, primarily produced in Northeast India, several states with Tamil Nadu (21%),
▪ world’s only vegan silk, characterized by Karnataka (16%), Madhya Pradesh (14%) and
its ethical, cruelty-free production method. West Bengal (12%).
▪ Unlike traditional silk harvesting methods, eri ▪ The major importing countries from
silk allows moths to naturally emerge from India were U.S.A, Netherland, United Arab
their cocoons, preserving their lives. Emirates, U.K and Canada.

India produces several types of silk, notably: 143. Which organization publishes the ‘Report on
▪ Mulberry Silk: Most common type, Trends and Progress of Housing in India, 2024’?
accounting for the largest share of silk A) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
production in India, widely cultivated, B) National Housing Bank (NHB)
particularly in southern states like Karnataka. C) NITI Aayog
▪ Tasar Silk: Primarily produced in Central India D) Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
and Jharkhand, known for its coarse texture Ans: b
and durability.
▪ Muga Silk: Indigenous to Assam, renowned Explanation
globally for its natural golden-yellow NHB Released ‘Report on Trends and Progress of
sheen and durability. Housing in India 2024’
▪ Published by : National Housing Bank (NHB)
141. In which state/union territory was the ‘Tawi
Filmotsav’ inaugurated? Key Highlights of Report
A) Jammu and Kashmir B) Punjab ▪ Banks account for 81% whereas Housing
C) Himachal Pradesh D) Uttarakhand Finance Companies (HFCs) account for 19% of
Ans: a housing loans.
▪ Distribution of loans(outstanding) : Middle
Explanation Income Group(44%)> EWS & Lower Income
▪ J&K: LG Manoj Sinha Inaugurates ‘Tawi Group(39%)> High Income Group (HIG): 17%
Filmotsva’ in Jammu a short film festival ▪ Housing loans (as % of GDP): It has increased
dedicated to promoting local talent. from 6.60% (2011-12) to 11.29% (2023-24).

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▪ Green buildings: Only 5% of buildings are ▪ 58th Jnanpith Award to two writers -
classified as green Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya
and Urdu poet and lyricist Gulzar, for 2023.
Challenges in Housing Sector in India: ▪ Vinod Shukla, a renowned Hindi writer, poet
▪ Regional Disparity in Finance: Southern and novelist, becomes the first person from
(35%), Western (30%), Northern (28%), Chhattisgarh state who is being awarded this
Eastern (5.4%) , North Eastern States (0.68%) honour.
▪ Climate Risks: Increased vulnerability to ▪ He is also famous for experimental writing in
floods, fires, and extreme weather calls for modern Hindi literature. His first booklet of
resilient and energy-efficient buildings. poetry ‘Lagbhag Jai Hind’ was published in
▪ Issues in Green Building: Limited number of 1971.
certification bodies, lack of standard ▪ His major novels include ‘Naukar Ki Kameez’.
certification framework, and high material ‘Deewar Mein Ek Khidki Rahti Thi’ and
costs. ‘Khilega To Dekhenge’,”
▪ He has also been awarded the Sahitya
About National Housing Bank (NHB) Akademi Award among other prestigious
▪ Founded: In 1988, under the National Housing honors.
Bank Act, 1987.
▪ Objective: To regulate, promote, and develop About Jnanpith Awards
the housing finance market in India. ▪ Instituted in 1961
▪ Ownership: 100% owned by the Government ▪ It is presented annually by the Bharatiya
of India. Jnanpith to an author for their outstanding
▪ MD: Sanjay Shukla contribution towards literature.
▪ Head Office: New Delhi ▪ The award is bestowed only on Indian writers
writing in Indian languages included in
143. With reference to the Jnanpith Award, consider the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of
the following statements: India and English (22+1 = 23 languages).
1. Vinod Kumar Shukla has been awarded the
59th Jnanpith Award for 2024. 144. Which zoological park has become India’s first to
2. He is the first person from Madhya Pradesh to preserve DNA samples of wildlife?
receive this honor. A) Nandankanan Zoological Park
3. The award carries a cash prize of Rs 11 lakh, a B) Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park
bronze statue of Goddess Vagdevi, and a C) Indira Gandhi Zoological Park
citation. D) Mysore Zoo
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct? Ans: b
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 Explanation
Ans: c ▪ Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in
West Bengal’s Darjeeling has become India’s
Explanation first zoo to preserve DNA samples of wildlife
▪ Eminent Hindi litterateur, Vinod Kumar Shukla, found exclusively in snowy regions.
88, will be awarded the 59th Jnanpith Award ▪ The cryogenic conservation initiative, in
for 2024 for his contributions to Hindi collaboration with the Centre for Cellular and
Literature. Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, aims to
▪ The Jnanpith Award is the oldest & highest ensure that if these species face extinction,
literary honour of India given to writers who their preserved genetic material can aid in
have excelled in literature in different Indian research and future conservation efforts.
languages. ▪ The zoo is India’s highest-altitude zoological
▪ The award carries with it a cash of Rs 11 lakh, park.
a bronze statue of the Hindu Goddess
Vagdevi and a citation.

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145. Who has been assigned the additional charge as Explanation

the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of REC ▪ on January 3, 2025, the Finance Ministry has
Limited? launched a revamped e-auction portal named
a) R.K. Gupta b) Rajesh Kumar 'BAANKNET' to further streamline the listing
c) Parminder Chopra d) Sunil Kumar and auctioning of banks' assets.
Ans: c ▪ The BAANKNET portal is specifically designed
to enhance transparency and speed up the
Explanation process of disposing of non-performing asset
Parminder Chopra Assumes Additional Charge as (NPA) cases
Chairman & MD of REC Ltd for a period of three ▪ The platform “e-BKray” was launched on 28th
months. February, 2019.
▪ She is currently the CMD of Power Finance ▪ All 12 Public Sector Banks, and Insolvency and
Corporation Ltd. (PFC). Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) are using the
▪ REC was incorporated in 1969 platform for listing and auction of properties
▪ REC is a 'Maharatna' company under the across the country.
administrative control of the Ministry of
Power, Government of India, BAANKNET portal :
▪ and is registered with RBI as Non-Banking ▪ to address the recovery of Non-Performing
Finance Company (NBFC), Public Financial Asset (NPA) loans through efficient property
Institution (PFI) and Infrastructure Financing auctions.
Company (IFC). ▪ both mobile and web interfaces, making it
▪ REC has been associated as nodal agency for easy for stakeholders to interact with the
Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana platform.
(SAUBHAGAYA), Deen Dayal Upadhaya Gram ▪ Integrates advanced Know Your Customer
Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and National Electricity (KYC) tools and secure payment gateways,
Fund (NEF) Scheme. ensuring a transparent and secure auction
process.
146. Who was awarded the Golden Peacock ▪ Comprehensive Property Listings
Innovative Product/Service Award for the year 2025?
a) Bengaluru Traffic Police b) Mumbai Traffic Police 148. Which state won the Best National Performance
c) Delhi Traffic Police d) Hyderabad Traffic Police Award in NAAT testing during the 100-Day ‘TB Mukt
Ans: a Bharat Abhiyan’ campaign?
a) Andhra Pradesh b) Telangana
Explanation c) Tamil Nadu d) Karnataka
Bengaluru Traffic Police (BTP) wins Golden Peacock Ans: b
Innovative Product/Service Award for 2025
▪ The award was conferred upon BTP for its Explanation
initiative ASTraM (Actionable Intelligence for ▪ Telangana has been recognised for its
Sustainable Transformation Management) outstanding performance in tuberculosis (TB)
▪ ASTraM is an AI traffic engine which provides testing, winning the Best National
holistic insights into the road traffic scenario Performance Award in NAAT (Nucleic Acid
for Bengaluru city. Amplification Test) testing during the 100-Day
‘TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan’ campaign.
147. What is the primary purpose of the 'BAANKNET' ▪ The award was presented by Union Health
portal? Minister J.P. Nadda
a) To enhance digital banking services ▪ World Tuberculosis Day (24th March)
b) To streamline the listing and auctioning of banks' ▪ Theme 2025: “Yes! We Can End TB: Commit,
assets Invest, Deliver.”
c) To promote digital currency transactions
d) To create a platform for online banking transactions India’s Efforts:
Ans: b ▪ NIKSHAY - TB Notification Incentive for the
Private Sector, launched in 2018

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▪ Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana provides Rs 150. What is the revised monthly salary of a Lok
1,000/month for nutrition. Sabha or Rajya Sabha MP after the 24% increase in
▪ National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) salary, allowances, and pension, as officially notified
aims for TB-free India by 2025, ahead of the by the Central Government?
global 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. A) ₹1.10 lakh B) ₹1.24 lakh
▪ The PM TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (9th C) ₹1.50 lakh D) ₹1.75 lakh
September 2022), a mission mode of NTEP, Ans: b
drives community participation, advanced
diagnostics, better treatments, and innovation Explanation
to accelerate TB elimination. ▪ The Central Government has officially notified
▪ Despite global efforts, TB remains a major a 24% increase in the salary, allowances, and
public health challenge worldwide (27% of pension of Members of Parliament (MPs) and
Global TB cases) former MPs, effective from April 1, 2023.
▪ A Lok Sabha or a Rajya Sabha member will
149. Which two countries are co-hosting the get ₹1.24 lakh a month, up from the ₹1 lakh
‘AIKEYME’ exercise? they receive at present.
a) India and South Africa b) India and Seychelles ▪ The pension for former MPs has been
c) India and Kenya d) India and Tanzania increased to ₹31,000 from ₹25,000 a month.
Ans: d ▪ The additional pension for every year of
service in excess of five years has been
Explanation increased to ₹2,500 from ₹2,000 a month
India Navy announces maiden India-African exercise, ▪ This change is made in the exercise of the
Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) Sagar & AIKEYME powers granted by the Salary, Allowances,
The Indian Navy has announced initiatives to bolder and Pension of Members of Parliament Act,
cooperation with African continent and the Indian 1954, and is based on the Cost Inflation Index
Ocean Region (IOR). as outlined in the Income-tax Act, 1961.
▪ The salaries and allowances were last revised
What is IOS Sagar? in April 2018. In the last revision, the base pay
▪ Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) Sagar is a maritime was set at ₹1 lakh a month.
security cooperation initiative in ▪ During their five-year term, MPs are provided
the Southwest Indian Ocean Region (IOR). with rent-free housing in New Delhi.
▪ Duration: April 5 to May 8, 2025. ▪ They may be allocated hostel rooms,
▪ Vessel: INS Sunayna, an offshore patrol apartments, or bungalows based on seniority.
vessel.
▪ Participants: India + 9 African nations: 151. Who has been appointed as the brand
Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Maldives, ambassador for Tata Motors' Passenger and Electric
Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Vehicle segment?
and South Africa. a) Ranbir Kapoor b) Vicky Kaushal
c) Shah Rukh Khan d) Hrithik Roshan
What is AIKEYME? Ans: b
▪ AIKEYME stands for ‘Africa-India Key
Maritime Engagement’, meaning ‘Unity’ in Explanation
Sanskrit. ▪ Tata Motors Welcomes Vicky Kaushal as
▪ Co-hosts: Indian Navy & Tanzania People's Brand Ambassador for its Passenger and
Defence Force (TPDF). Electric Vehicle segment.
▪ Location: Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
▪ Participants: India + 10 African nations – 152. Consider the following statements regarding
Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, pulses in India:
Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, 1. The Government of India has imposed a 10%
Seychelles, South Africa, and Tanzania. import duty on Masur (Lentil).
▪ Duration: Six days in mid-April 2025. 2. Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of
▪ To be Inaugurated: By Defence Minister Urad in India.

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3. Canada and Russia are the major sources of Ans: b

Masur imports for India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? Explanation
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only ▪ Ajay Seth Appointed as India’s New Finance
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 Secretary
Ans: d ▪ Seth is currently the Secretary of the
Department of Economic Affairs.
Explanation ▪ There was a vacancy for the post after the
▪ The government of India has extended the appointment of Tuhin Kant Pandey as the
free import of Urad pulses till 31st March chairman of Securities and Exchange Board of
2026 to control the price of the essential India (SEBI) recently.
pulses in the country.
▪ The government of India has also imposed a 155. Who is heading the high-level committee
10% import duty on the lentil (masur) formed to evaluate and draft the Uniform Civil Code
▪ India is the largest producer and consumer of (UCC) for Gujarat?
Urad pulses in the world, but the demand for A) Justice Arun Mishra
Urad is more than the domestic production. B) Justice Ranjana Desai
▪ Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of C) Justice DY Chandrachud
Urad in India, followed by Andhra Pradesh, D) Justice Indira Banerjee
Uttar Pradesh Ans: b
▪ Myanmar is the largest source of import of
Urad, followed by Singapore, Thailand, and Explanation
Brazil ▪ Gujarat is to become the second state in the
country to implement the Uniform Civil Code
10 % duty on lentils (Masur) (UCC) after Uttarakhand.
▪ Canada and Russia are the major sources of ▪ The state government has formed a high-level
Masur for India. committee under the chairmanship of Justice
▪ According to the Indian Institute of Pulse Ranjana Desai to evaluate and draft a
Research in 2022 Uttar Pradesh was the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for the state.
largest Masur producing state in India ▪ The committee invited suggestions from
residents, socio political organizations , the
153. Which state has become the first in India to pass deadline of submitting the suggestions has
a law creating a commission for senior citizens? been extended till April 15, 2025.
a) Tamil Nadu b) Maharashtra
c) Kerala d) Karnataka Uniform Civil Code ( Article 44)
Ans: c ▪ The Uniform Civil Code refers to a single set
of laws governing personal matters such
Explanation as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance,
▪ Kerala has become the first state in India to and succession for all citizens of India.
pass a law creating a commission for senior ▪ The concept of UCC is mentioned in Article 44
citizens, Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan of the Indian Constitution as a Directive
▪ The commission will prioritise addressing the Principle of State Policy, which states that the
hardships faced by the elderly, including ▪ state shall endeavor to secure a uniform civil
neglect, exploitation, and loneliness. code for citizens throughout the territory of
▪ Additionally, the commission will take the lead India.
in implementing initiatives to utilise the skills ▪ However, it's important to note that this is not
of senior citizens for the benefit of society. a legally enforceable right but a guiding
principle for the state.
154. Who has been appointed as India’s new Finance
Secretary?
a) Tuhin Kant Pandey b) Ajay Seth
c) Tarun Bajaj d) Subhash Chandra Garg

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156. What major change does the Disaster

Function Reviewing DM Bill adds new functions
Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, introduce
s of plans of for these authorities
regarding disaster management plans?
NDMA government
A) NDMA and SDMA will now prepare disaster and departments, Taking periodic
management plans instead of Executive Committees SDMA at stock of disaster risks.
B) Disaster management plans will now be reviewed their Setting guidelin
only at the national level respectiv es for Providing technical
C) NDMA will no longer be responsible for disaster e levels preparation of assistance to
preparedness DM plans for authorities.
D) The state governments will not have any role in authorities
disaster management below them, Recommending guideli
Ans: a and nes for minimum
standards of relief.
Explanation Recommendin
g provision of Preparing national and
Parliament Passes Disaster Management
funds for state
(Amendment) Bill 2024
disaster disaster databases.
▪ The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, mitigation.
2024 amends the Disaster Management Act, Provisio DM Act, 2005 DM (Amendment) Bill,
2005. ns 2024
▪ The Bill aims to mainstream disaster State & No Provisions Contain information
management in development plans & bring National on type & severity of
more clarity and convergence in roles of Disaster disaster risks,
authorities and committees. Databas allocation of funds and
es expenditure,
Disaster Management Act 2005 and disaster
▪ Enacted in the aftermath of the devastating preparedness and
2004 tsunami. mitigation plans.
▪ Act establishes a three-tier structure for Appointments Act provides that Bill empowers
▪ disaster management. to NDMA central NDMA to specify
▪ National Disaster Management Authority government will the number and
(NDMA): Headed by the Prime Minister, provide NDMA category of
responsible for formulating policies, plans, with officers, officers and
consultants, and employees, with
and guidelines for disaster management at the
employees, as it previous approval
national level. considers of the central
▪ State Disaster Management Authorities necessary. government.
(SDMAs): Headed by the Chief Ministers Urban DM No Provisions Bill empowers
▪ District Disaster Management Authorities Authorities state government
(DDMAs): Led by the District Magistrate to constitute a
separate Urban
Provisions DM Act, 2005 DM Disaster
(Amendment) Management
Bill, 2024 Authority (UDMA)
for state capitals
Preparation National Executive National
and cities with a
of DM Committee and Disaster municipal
plans State Executive Management corporation except
Committee prepare Authority for Delhi and
national and state (NDMA) and Chandigarh.
DM plans, State Disaster
respectively. Management
Authority
(SDMA) will
prepare DM
plans.

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Formation of No Provisions Bill empowers Explanation

State state government ▪ The Hon’ble Union Minister of Jal Shakti, CR
Disaster to constitute a
Response State Disaster
Paatil, launched the book, “Ripples of
Force Response Force Change: Gender-transformative rural WASH
(SDRF). programmes in India” in New Delhi.
State government ▪ A joint publication of the Department of
will define Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS),
functions of
Ministry of Jal Shakti, and UNICEF India,
SDRF and prescribe
terms of service for Ripples of Change captures ten powerful
its members. stories from rural India.
National No provisions Bill ▪ Documented by UNICEF, the stories reflect the
Crisis provides statutory transformational impact of Swachh Bharat
Management status to NCMC Mission (Grameen) and Jal Jeevan Mission
Committee and HLC.
(NCMC) and NCMC will function
the High as the nodal body 158. Which traditional dish did Mata Karma prepare
Level for dealing with upon reaching the sacred city of Puri, which later
Committee major became an enduring part of the Jagannath Temple's
(HLC) disasters with rituals?
serious or national A) Pongal B) Chhena Poda
ramifications.
HLC will
C) Payasam D) Khichdi
provide financial Ans: d
assistance to state
governments Explanation
during disasters. ▪ The Department of Posts released a
The NCMC will be
commemorative postage stamp on Mata
led by the Cabinet
Secretary, and the Karma to mark her 1009th birth anniversary.
HLC by ▪ a revered saint, social reformer, and an
the Minister of ardent devotee of Lord Krishna
department ▪ Upon reaching Puri, the temple servants
overseeing disaster requested her to prepare khichdi. To her great
management.
joy, Lord Krishna accepted her offering.
▪ This heartfelt tradition, initiated by Mata
Challenges with the Bill:
Karma, became an enduring part of the
▪ Lack of financial Devolution: Urban Local
Jagannath Temple's rituals.
Bodies will find difficult to set up, equip, and
▪ Her life inspires us to fight against various
run the UDMAs due to financial constraints.
social evils like untouchability and
▪ Centralization: Bill grants excessive
conservatism while promoting unity and
rulemaking power to Central government,
harmony in society.
which could potentially overlap with
legislative powers reserved for States.
159. Who won the women's singles title at the Indian
▪ Restricted definition of 'disaster': Bill does
Open 2025 Squash Tournament?
not expand the list of notified disasters to
A) Joshna Chinappa B) Tanvi Khanna
include climate-induced disaster such as
C) Dipika Pallikal D) Anahat Singh
heatwaves.
Ans: d
157. Which organizations jointly published the book
Explanation
“Ripples of Change”?
▪ Indian Open 2025 PSA Copper event, held at
A) Ministry of Jal Shakti and WHO
Bombay Gymkhana, Mumbai
B) NITI Aayog and UNICEF India
▪ Anahat Singh (India) and Kareem El Torkey
C) Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
(Egypt) clinch the women’s and men’s singles
(DDWS) and UNICEF India
titles, respectively.
D) Ministry of Rural Development and UNDP
Ans: c

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▪ This was Anahat Singh’s 11th PSA title, Ans: a

reinforcing her dominance as India’s number
one-ranked women’s squash player. Explanation
▪ The $53,500 prize money event was the ▪ Justice Harish Tandon took oath as the 35th
highest-rated PSA tournament in India since Chief Justice of Orissa High Court
2018 and marked the first-ever PSA Copper ▪ He was administered the oath of office by Dr.
event hosted in the country. Hari Babu Kambhampati, Governor of
▪ Additional Fact: Top-ranked male squash Odisha.
player from India is Abhay Singh ▪ Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court was lying
vacant for almost two months consequent
160. Consider the following statements regarding upon the superannuation of the former Chief
Noma: Justice Chakradhari Sharan Singh on January
1. It is a rapidly progressing gangrenous disease 19, 2025.
affecting the mouth and face.
2. It primarily affects children aged 2–6 years. 162. Which institute will install India's first
3. The disease is directly transmitted from indigenous MRI machine for trials?
person to person. A) IIT Delhi B) AIIMS Delhi
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct? C) PGIMER Chandigarh D) JIPMER Puducherry
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only Ans: b
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
Ans: a Explanation
▪ India develops first indigenous MRI machine,
Explanation set to be installed at AIIMS Delhi for trials
What is Noma? ▪ An MoU was also signed between AIIMS Delhi
▪ Noma, also known as cancrum oris or and the Society for Applied Microwave
gangrenous stomatitis Electronics Engineering and Research
▪ It is a rapidly progressing, often fatal, (SAMEER), an autonomous body under the
gangrenous infection of the mouth and face, Ministry of Electronics and Information
primarily affecting malnourished children Technology - for the installation of the 1.5
aged 2 to 6 years in areas with poor sanitation Tesla MRI scanner.
and hygiene
▪ mostly found in sub-Saharan Africa. 163. Who has been appointed as the Director of the
▪ It is classified as a neglected tropical disease National Institutes of Health (NIH) by the U.S.
by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of Senate?
December 2023. A) Vivek Murthy B) Atul Gawande
▪ It can also occur among C) Siddhartha Mukherjee D) Jay Bhattacharya
immunocompromised adults due to HIV, Ans: d
leukaemia and other diseases.
▪ It starts as a soft tissue lesion (a sore) of the Explanation
gums. ▪ Indian-American scientist Jay Bhattacharya
▪ There is no documented evidence to support has been confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the
direct transmission from person to person. Director of the National Institutes of Health
▪ Early detection is essential for treatment, as (NIH), the country’s top health research and
therapy is most effective at the early stages of funding institutions.
disease
164. Which Small Finance Bank is the Official Banking
161. Who has taken oath as the 35th Chief Justice of Partner for Chennai Super Kings (CSK) and Gujarat
Orissa High Court? Titans (GT)?
A) Justice Harish Tandon A) Ujjivan Small Finance Bank
B) Justice Chakradhari Sharan Singh B) AU Small Finance Bank
C) Justice Arindam Sinha C) Equitas Small Finance Bank
D) Justice Hari Singh D) Suryoday Small Finance Bank

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Ans: c Ans: a

Explanation Explanation
Equitas Small Finance Bank Strengthens Ties with FIFA Banned Russia, Congo from 2026 World Cup
Chennai Super Kings & Gujarat Titans as Official ▪ It is set to be hosted jointly by the United
Banking Partner. States, Canada, and Mexico, the 2026 FIFA
World Cup has excluded three nations—
165. The New Pamban Bridge serves as a connection Russia, Congo, and Pakistan—due to separate
between which two places? controversies
(A) Chennai and Puducherry ▪ The tournament will feature 48 teams.
(B) Rameswaram and Mandapam ▪ Pakistan’s suspension stems from
(C) Kanyakumari and Rameswaram administrative failures, Russia remains banned
(D) Cochin and Alleppey due to geopolitical sanctions and Congo is
Ans: b excluded for third-party interference in its
football federation.
Explanation
▪ Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate 169. The BONGOSAGAR-25 naval exercise is
the new Pamban rail bridge, connecting conducted between which two countries?
Ramanathapuram with Rameswaram Island, A) India and Sri Lanka B) India and Bangladesh
on April 6, 2025, on the occasion of Ram C) India and Myanmar D) India and Indonesia
Navami. Ans: b
▪ constructed at a cost of ₹531 crore
▪ He would also flag off a new train service Explanation
between Tambaram and Rameswaram. The 6th edition of Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT-25) and
the 4th edition of the bilateral naval exercise
About New Pamban Bridge ‘BONGOSAGAR-25’ between the Indian Navy and the
▪ It is India’s first vertical-lift railway sea bridge. Bangladesh Navy In Bay of Bengal
▪ It connects Rameswaram on Pamban Island to ▪ Conducted under the supervision of
Mandapam on the mainland in Tamil Nadu. Commander Flotilla West (the officer in
▪ The total length of the bridge is 2.078 km. command of the Western Fleet), which is
▪ It will replace the iconic Pamban Bridge, headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
India's first sea bridge, which opened in 1914. ▪ The exercise saw participation of INS Ranvir
▪ The new bridge is being built parallel to the from Indian Navy and BNS Abu Ubaidah from
old Pamban Bridge by Rail Vikas Nigam Bangladesh Navy.
Limited. ▪ Conducted since 2018

166. Who won the Australian Grand Prix 2025? 170. Which institution has been designated as the
A) Max Verstappen B) Charles Leclerc implementing agency for the PM-YUVA 3.0 scheme?
C) Lando Norris D) Lewis Hamilton A) National Council of Educational Research and
Ans: c Training (NCERT)
B) National Book Trust, India (NBT)
Explanation C) Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)
McLaren’s Lando Norris wins Australian Grand Prix D) Sahitya Akademi
2025. Ans: b

167. Which of the following countries has been Explanation

banned from participating in the 2026 FIFA World ▪ The Ministry of Education, Department of
Cup? Higher Education, launched PM-YUVA 3.0 -
A) Russia, Congo, and Pakistan Prime Minister’s Scheme for Mentoring Young
B) Iran, Ukraine, and Nigeria Authors, an Author Mentorship programme
C) South Korea, Ghana, and Serbia to train young and budding authors in 22
D) Qatar, Morocco, and Chile

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different Indian languages and English (below 172. Which Sikh Guru initiated the tradition of Hola
30 years of age) Mohalla in 1701 as a festival to showcase martial
▪ The National Book Trust, India, under the skills, with demonstrations of the traditional Sikh
Ministry of Education as the Implementing martial art Gatka?
Agency A) Guru Nanak Dev B) Guru Tegh Bahadur
▪ The books prepared under this scheme will C) Guru Gobind Singh D) Guru Arjan Dev
be published by National Book Trust, India, Ans: c
and translated into other Indian languages,
fostering cultural and literary exchange while Explanation
promoting 'Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’. ▪ The annual celebrations of Hola Mohalla took
▪ A total of 50 authors will be selected through place at the birthplace of the Khalsa, Sri
an All India Contest to be conducted through Anandpur Sahib
https://www.mygov.in/ from 11 March 2025 – ▪ Hola Mohalla (“mock fight”) is a three-day
10 April 2025. Sikh festival
▪ Following Guru Gobind Singh’s tradition, it
171. Which of the following statement/s is/are follows the Hindu festival Holi by one day.
correct regarding the rupee symbol (₹)? (“Hola” is the masculine form of the feminine
1. The rupee symbol (₹) was officially adopted in “holi.”)
2010. ▪ Hola Mohalla is a time when Sikhs
2. The designer of the rupee symbol, D Udaya demonstrate their martial skills in simulated
Kumar, is the son of a former DMK MLA. battles. They display traditional martial arts
3. The rupee symbol (₹) was derived from the known as Gatka, as well as sword fighting,
Tamil script. archery, and horse riding.
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only ▪ Guru Gobind held the first such mock fight in
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 February 1701 at Anandpur.
Ans: a ▪ The Anadnpur Sahib is located in Punjab near
the Sutlej river.
Explanation ▪ The Anadpur Sahib was founded by Guru Tegh
Tamil Nadu Govt Replaces Rupee Symbol with Tamil Bahadur, the ninth guru.
Letter: A Language Debate Intensifies
▪ The DMK-led Tamil Nadu government 173. Consider the following statements regarding
dropped the Devanagari rupee symbol and Maa Purnagiri Temple:
replaced it with a Tamil letter in its logo for 1. Maa Purnagiri Temple is located in
the state Budget 2025-26 Champawat district, Uttarakhand.
▪ The logo, released by the office of Chief 2. It is considered a Shaktipeeth and is one of
Minister M K Stalin carried ‘ru’, the first letter the 108 Siddhapeeths.
of the Tamil word ‘rubaai’ which denotes the Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?
Indian currency in the vernacular language. A) 1 only B) 2 only
▪ The rupee symbol '₹' was designed by D C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2
Udaya Kumar , the son of a former DMK MLA Ans: c
- was adopted by the whole of Bharat and
incorporated into our currency in 2010. Explanation
▪ Moreover, the Tamil word ‘Rupaai’ itself has ▪ Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami
deep roots in the Sanskrit word ‘Rupya,’ inaugurates Maa Purnagiri Fair in
meaning ‘wrought silver’ or ‘a worked silver Champawat district
coin.’ ▪ Maa Purnagiri Temple is situated at an altitude
▪ This term has resonated across centuries in of about 3000 meters in the mountainous
Tamil trade and literature, and even today, region of Tanakpur in Champawat district of
‘Rupaai’ remains the currency name in Tamil Uttarakhand.
Nadu and Sri Lanka ▪ The temple is considered a Shaktipeeth and is
one of the 108 Siddhapeeths. It is believed

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that the navel of Sati Mata had fallen at this ▪ Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
place. established in 1969 to protect sensitive public
▪ Purnagiri is also known as Punyagiri. This sector undertakings.
temple is situated near the Sharda River. ▪ It was set up under an Act of the Parliament
Purnagiri temple is also well known for its of India on 10 March 1969 with a strength of
miracles. 2,800.
▪ It is directly under the Union Ministry of
174. Which of the following statements about Home Affairs
National Vaccination Day are correct? ▪ The CISF was created in response to a fire at
1. It is observed annually on March 16 in India. the Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC) in
2. The first celebration took place in 1995 to Ranchi in 1964.
mark the launch of the Pulse Polio ▪ The Justice Mukherjee Commission was
Immunisation Programme. appointed to investigate the fire, which found
3. WHO declared India polio-free in 2014. sabotage and recommended the creation of a
Select the correct answer using the codes below: central industrial security force.
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only ▪ Union Home Minister and Minister of
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 Cooperation Amit Shah attended the 56th
Ans: d Raising Day Parade of the Central Industrial
Security Force (CISF) in Thakkolam, Tamil
Explanation Nadu.
▪ National Vaccination Day, observed on March ▪ it was decided in 2019 that instead of
16, acknowledges and appreciates the hard celebrating the CISF Raising Day in Delhi, it
work of frontline healthcare workers in would be celebrated in different parts of the
ensuring the vaccination of every child. country.
▪ National Vaccination Day was celebrated for ▪ Union Home Minister and Minister of
the first time on 16 March, 1995. Cooperation Shri Amit Shah launched the
▪ This day commemorates the initiation of the CISF's annual magazine, Sentinel.
Pulse Polio Immunisation Programme in ▪ CISF Director General Shri Rajvinder Singh
1995. Bhatti
▪ India was declared polio-free by WHO in 2014
▪ World Immunization Day on November 10 176. Which organization developed the VIKRAM3201
▪ World Immunisation Week 2025 celebrated & KALPANA3201 microprocessors for space
from 24 April to 30 April, managed by WHO. applications?
▪ The theme is “Immunisation for All is a) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
Humanly Possible.” b) Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
c) Defence Research and Development Organisation
175. Which incident led to the formation of the (DRDO)
Justice Mukherjee Commission, which later d) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
recommended the creation of CISF? Ans: b
A) 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
B) 1964 fire at Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC), Explanation
Ranchi Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201 Microprocessors
C) 1991 assassination of Rajiv Gandhi ▪ VIKRAM3201 & KALPANA3201 are the first
D) 2001 Indian Parliament attack production lots of the 32-bit microprocessors
Ans: b developed for space applications
▪ These microprocessors were designed &
Explanation developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
▪ CISF Raising Day is observed on March 10 of ISRO in collaboration with SCL, Chandigarh.
each year to commemorate the ▪ VIKRAM3201 is the first fully “Make-in-India” 32-
establishment of the Central Industrial bit microprocessor that is qualified for use in the
Security Force (CISF). harsh environmental conditions of launch
vehicles.

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177. Which sporting event has been approved for ▪ The bilingual tagline 'Champions Beyond
inclusion in the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics by the Limits' | 'Haunslon ki Udaan’
IOC? ▪ The anthem was also unveiled - "khelega
a) Wrestling b) Boxing c) Karate d) Squash khelega mera India, jeetega jeetega mera
Ans: b India"
▪ The KIPG 2025 will feature competitions
Explanation across six para sports disciplines:
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has ▪ para-archery,
approved the inclusion of boxing in the 2028 Los ▪ para-athletics,
Angeles Olympics games. ▪ para badminton,
▪ para powerlifting,
178. Which company topped the 2025 Black Book ▪ para shooting,
Research rankings in AI-driven Revenue Cycle ▪ para table tennis
Management (RCM)? at three venues - Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Indira
a) Optum b) Cerner c) IKS Health d) McKesson Gandhi Stadium and the Dr Karni Singh shooting range
Ans: c - in New Delhi.
▪ Haryana once again emerged as the top
Explanation forming state with 34 gold medals
▪ IKS Health, a global leader in care Tamil Nadu (28 golds) and Uttar Pradesh (23 golds)
enablement solutions, is honored to be Rank State Gold Silver Bronze Total
named the 2025 Black Book Research leader 1. Haryana 34 39 31 104
in the newly established category of AI-driven 2. Tamil 28 19 27 74
Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) Nadu
▪ IKS Health is a global healthcare technology 3. Uttar 23 21 20 64
solutions provider Pradesh
▪ Black Book Research, a highly regarded
independent healthcare research firm, 180. Consider the following statements regarding the
conducted its comprehensive annual survey VARUNA naval exercise:
with responses from 1,037 validated RCM 1. The exercise was first conducted in 1993.
professionals. 2. VARUNA is a bilateral naval exercise between
India and France.
179. Consider the following statements regarding the Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
Khelo India Para Games 2025: A) 1 only B) 2 only
1. The mascot of Khelo India Para Games 2025 is C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2
named ‘Ujjwala.’ Ans: c
2. The tagline of the event is 'Champions Beyond
Limits' in English and 'Haunslon ki Udaan' in Hindi. Explanation
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct? ▪ The 23rd edition of the bilateral naval exercise
A) 1 only B) 2 only VARUNA 2025 between India and France was
conducted from March 19 to 22, 2025, in the
C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2
Arabian Sea.
Ans: c
▪ Advanced air defense drills and fighter
exercises, including mock air-to-air combat
Explanation between the French Rafale-M and Indian
▪ Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports Dr MiG-29K.
Mansukh Mandaviya unveiled the mascot, ▪ Anti-submarine warfare exercises; Surface
logo and anthem of the upcoming Khelo India warfare operations.
Para Games-KIPG 2025 to be held from the ▪ The joint participation of the aircraft carriers
20th -27th of March in New Delhi Vikrant and Charles de Gaulle, alongside their
▪ The mascot 'Ujjwala’ - the house sparrow of
fighter aircraft, destroyers, frigates, and an
Delhi symbolising the pride and fighting spirit
Indian Scorpene-class submarine
of the city.
▪ The naval exercise was initiated in 1993.

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▪ In 2001, the exercise was officially named ▪ along the lines of the ‘Anti-Romeo Squads’
"Varuna". introduced in Uttar Pradesh by Yogi
Adityanath in 2017.
181. In which district of Assam was the Lachit ▪ Delhi Police Commissioner Sanjay Arora
Barphukan Police Academy inaugurated?
A) Golaghat B) Jorhat C) Dibrugarh D) Tinsukia 183. Who has been appointed as the new Chief
Ans: a Executive Officer (CEO) of the Anusandhan National
Research Foundation (ANRF)?
Explanation a) Abhay Karandikar
Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, b) T. Ramasami
Shri Amit Shah inaugurated the Lachit Barphukan c) Dr. Raghunath Mashelkar
Police Academy in Dergaon, Assam. d) Dr. Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
Ans: d
Static points about Lachit Borphukan:
▪ 24th November is celebrated as the ‘Lachit Explanation
Diwas’ to mark his birth anniversary Dr. Shivkumar Kalyanaraman Appointed as CEO of
▪ He was a legendary army commander of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)
Ahom kingdom. He defeated the Mughal ▪ ANRF has been established under
forces, led by Raja Ramsingh-I, in the 1671 the Anusandhan National Research
‘Battle of Saraighat’ Foundation Act, 2023 to seed, grow, and
▪ Lachit Barphukan gold medal, instituted in foster a culture of research and innovation
1999, is given to the best cadet from the throughout the country.
National Defence Academy.
▪ PM Modi unveiled a 125-foot bronze statue 184. Consider the following statements regarding the
of Ahom general Lachit Borphukan at his Maharashtra Bhushan Award:
burial site in eastern Assam’s Jorhat district 1. It is the highest civilian honor instituted by the
on March 9, 2024. Veteran sculptor Ram Maharashtra government.
Vanji Sutar, a Padma Bhushan awardee, built 2. The award includes a cash prize of Rs 50 lakh
the statue and a memento.
3. Veteran sculptor Ram Sutar has been selected
182. What is the primary objective of the for the award in 2025.
‘Shishtachar’ squads launched by Delhi Police? Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) To control traffic violations A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only
B) To check sexual harassment in public places C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
C) To monitor cyber crimes against women Ans: b
D) To provide self-defense training to women
Ans: b Explanation
▪ Veteran sculptor Ram Sutar will be conferred
Explanation with the coveted Maharashtra Bhushan, the
▪ Delhi Police to create ‘Shishtachar’ Squad to highest civilian honour instituted by the
Combat Eve-Teasing Maharashtra government.
▪ Shishtachar squads, comprising men and ▪ The award comprises Rs 25 lakh and a
women officers, will be deployed across spots memento.
with higher rates of crimes against women.
▪ 12-member teams: An Inspector will head Achievements of Ram Sutar
each team with a Sub-Inspector, four female ▪ Designer of the Statue of Unity, the world’s
constables, five male constables and a tallest statue located in Gujarat
constable from the district’s Anti-Auto Theft ▪ Has been commissioned to create a statue of
Squad for technical assistance. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar for Chaityabhoomi,
▪ Each district will have at least two such Mumbai.
teams ▪ Designed the 125-foot-high statue of Lachit
Borphukan in Jorhat Assam

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▪ He is also the designer of the 108-ft tall statue a) V. Sriram b) A.L. Somayaji
of Kempe Gowda at the Kempegowda c) Justice P.N. Prakash d) P. C. Alexander
International Airport in Bengaluru. Ans: a
▪ Honored with Padma Shri (1999) and Padma
Bhushan (2016). Explanation
▪ In October 2018, Sutar received the Tagore ▪ Former judge of Madras High Court Justice
Award for cultural harmony of 2016. P.N. Prakash released ‘Memories and
▪ Born in Dhule, Maharashtra, and recently Milestones’, a book which documents the
turned 100 years old. journey of Blue Cross in Chennai.
▪ The book was documented by historian V.
185. Which state government has announced the Sriram.
launch of the Lado Laxmi Yojana, providing financial ▪ Blue Cross of India (BCI) is a registered
assistance of ₹2,100 per month to women? animal welfare organization that provides
a) Uttar Pradesh b) Haryana shelter, treatment, and care for stray
c) Rajasthan d) Madhya Pradesh animals, including dogs, cats, cattle, horses,
Ans: b and birds.
▪ Registered in 1964, Blue Cross pioneered
Explanation some path breaking initiatives like the
▪ Haryana CM Nayab Saini Presents ₹2.05 Lakh Animal Birth Control (ABC) programme, the
Crore Budget for 2025-26 first time in the world
▪ In the last 10 years, the state’s GDP has grown
at an average rate of 10.8% and per capita 188. Which organization launched the Frontier Seed
income at an average rate of 9.1%. (Pacific) program to support sustainable ocean-based
▪ Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini also economies?
announced the launch of the Lado Laxmi A) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Yojana, under which women in the state will B) World Bank
receive financial assistance of Rs 2,100 per C) Asian Development Bank (ADB)
month. D) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Ans: c
186. Which Indian village was recently referred to as
‘Mini Brazil’ by Prime Minister Narendra Modi for its Explanation
rich football culture? ADB Launches “Frontier Seed” to Boost Private
A) Vicharpur B) Bishnupur Sector Growth and Ocean Impact in the Pacific
C) Mawlynnong D) Kila Raipur Asian Development Bank (ADB) Frontier Seed (Pacific)
Ans: a program:
▪ Objective: To provide early-stage grants to
Explanation private sector entities and projects that focus
▪ PM Modi calls Vicharpur ‘Mini Brazil’ during on sustainable ocean-based economies.
conversation with podcaster Lex Fridman ▪ Focus Areas:
▪ Vicharpur village is in Shahdol district, ▪ Supporting innovative business
Madhya Pradesh. models in fisheries, aquaculture, and
▪ The Prime Minister also mentioned Vicharpur marine tourism.
in the 103rd episode of Mann Ki Baat. ▪ Promoting sustainable waste
▪ Prime Minister Modi has said that every management and pollution reduction
family in this village has been playing football in coastal areas.
for four generations. So far, about 80 ▪ Enhancing climate resilience through
national-level players have emerged from the ocean-based solutions.
village. ▪ Supporting the Blue Economy in the
Pacific region.
187. Who documented the book Memories and ▪ Funding: The program will provide catalytic
Milestones? grants, acting as "seed" funding to attract
further investment.

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▪ ADB will provide technical assistance and ▪ The United States has dropped to its lowest
capacity building alongside the grants. position at 24th, down from its peak at 11th
▪ ADB is a leading multilateral development in 2012.
bank supporting sustainable, inclusive, and ▪ The report attributes this decline partly to an
resilient growth across Asia and the Pacific. increase in social isolation, with the number
▪ Founded in 1966, ADB is owned by 69 of people dining alone rising by 53% over the
members—49 from the region. past two decades
▪ HQ - Manila, Philippines ▪ Similarly, the United Kingdom saw its lowest
happiness score since 2017, ranking 23rd.
189. Match the countries with their World Happiness ▪ The Nordic countries continue to dominate
Report 2025 rankings: the top positions, with Denmark, Iceland and
Country Rank Sweden maintaining their respective rankings
1. Finland A. 24th in the top four spots.
2. India B. 118th
3. Afghanistan C. 1st Bottom five countries:
4. USA D. 147th 1. Zimbabwe (143)
A) 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A B) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A 2. Malawi (144)
C) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C D) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A 3. Lebanon (145)
Ans: a 4. Sierra Leone (146)
5. Afghanistan (147)
Explanation
▪ India ranked 118th in World Happiness Report Top 10 Happiest Countries
2025 RANK Country
▪ Published by the Wellbeing Research Centre 1 Finland
at the University of Oxford, in collaboration 2 Denmark
with Gallup, the UN Sustainable 3 Iceland
Development Solutions Network, and an 4 Sweden
independent editorial board 5 Netherlands
▪ Some countries, including Sudan and Syria, 6 Costa Rica
were not ranked due to unfavorable 7 Norway
conditions preventing survey data collection. 8 Israel
▪ Finland is the happiest country in the world 9 Luxembourg
for the eighth year in a row 10 Mexico
▪ India stood at 118th position among 147
countries (up from 126 in 2024). 190. Who sculpted the 6.5-foot idol of Chhatrapati
▪ For the fourth consecutive year, Afghanistan Shivaji Maharaj for the first temple dedicated to him,
(ranked 147th) remains the unhappiest in Bhiwandi, Maharashtra?
nation in the world. Afghan women reported A) Arun Yogiraj B) Rajkumar Pandit
particularly harsh living conditions. C) Ram V. Sutar D) Anil Sutar
▪ Assessment criteria: The World Happiness Ans: a
Report evaluates countries based on self-
assessed life satisfaction averages from 2022- Explanation
24. The primary factors influencing happiness Maharashtra Inaugurates First-Ever Temple Dedicated
rankings include GDP per capita, healthy life to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Bhiwandi
expectancy, freedom, generosity, and ▪ Bhiwandi town of Maharashtra’s Thane
perceptions of corruption. district
▪ Pakistan stood at 109th. Despite facing ▪ CM Fadnavis referred to the site as a “national
significant economic and social challenges, temple”
Pakistan’s relatively higher ranking suggests a ▪ The temple’s structure was designed by
stronger sense of social support among its architect Vijaykumar Patil.
citizens, as per the report’s analysis. ▪ The 6.5 feet idol of the Maratha king, was
sculpted by Arun Yogiraj, who also carved the
idol for the Ram temple in Ayodhya.

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191. Consider the following statements regarding the Explanation

Five Eyes (FVEY) intelligence alliance: ▪ In Madhya Pradesh, the traditional Ger was
1. The Five Eyes alliance was officially formed in taken out on Rangpanchami in Indore, the
1946 as an intelligence-sharing network. cleanest city in the country.
2. The alliance includes Australia, Canada, ▪ 'Ger’ - a fag yatra or Holi processions
Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United ▪ The history of the Ger procession on
States. Rangpanchami in Indore is related to the
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct? Holkar dynasty.
A) 1 only B) 2 only ▪ It is celebrated on the fifth day after Holi and
C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2 people put colours and gulal on each other
Ans: a
193. As per the global survey report "Who in the
Explanation World Supports Free Speech?" by The Future of Free
▪ CONTEXT : Intelligence officials from several Speech, which two countries topped the rankings in
countries gathered in Delhi including three support for free speech?
representatives from the Five Eyes (FVEY) A) Sweden and Finland B) Canada and Germany
alliance. C) Norway and Denmark D) USA and UK
▪ Formed in 1946 it is the world’s oldest and Ans: c
most exclusive intelligence-sharing network.
▪ It is a multilateral intelligence-sharing Explanation
network shared by over 20 different agencies ▪ India ranked 24th out of 33 countries in free
of five English-speaking countries speech index
— Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the ▪ A recent global survey by The Future of Free
United Kingdom and the United States. Speech, a U.S.-based think tank
▪ Intelligence documents shared between the ▪ The report, titled "Who in the World Supports
member countries are classified as ‘Secret— Free Speech?", reveals a concerning decline in
AUS/CAN/NZ/UK/US Eyes Only,’ which gave the global commitment to protecting
the group its title ‘Five Eyes.’ controversial speech
▪ Although observations and rankings showed
Background of the alliance free speech in India has worsened since 2021,
▪ The alliance between the U.S. and the Indians believe it has improved, according to
U.K. evolved around the Second World War the global survey
to counter the Cold War Soviet threat. ▪ The survey, conducted in October 2024, found
▪ In 1946, the alliance was formalised through that more countries have seen declines rather
an agreement for cooperation in signals than improvements in free speech support
intelligence. since 2021, with some of the biggest drops
▪ The treaty called the British-U.S. occurring in democratic nations like the
Communication Intelligence Agreement, or United States, Israel, and Japan
BRUSA (now known as the UKUSA ▪ Scandinavian countries dominate the index,
Agreement), was signed with Norway (87.9) and Denmark (87.0)
▪ Canada joined it in 1948, and New Zealand securing the top positions.
and Australia did so in 1956, forming the ▪ Indonesia (56.8), Malaysia (55.4), and Pakistan
alliance. (57.0) showed the biggest improvements
despite being lower in the rankings.
192. In which state is the traditional Ger procession ▪ India’s score of 62.6
taken out on Rangpanchami?
A) Rajasthan B) Madhya Pradesh 194. Which city launched India’s first green waste
C) Uttar Pradesh D) Maharashtra processing plant under the Swachh Bharat Mission-
Ans: b Urban?
A) Bengaluru B) Mumbai
C) Indore D) Ahmedabad
Ans: c

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Explanation 197. Which of the following statements regarding

▪ Under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban, recently retired table tennis player Sharath Kamal
Indore launched India’s first green waste is/are correct?
processing plant, developed through a 1. He was honored with the Major Dhyan Chand
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. Khel Ratna Award in 2022.
▪ Aims to revolutionize the city’s waste 2. He is the first Indian to be elected into the
management system by converting green International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
waste into valuable resources. athletes' commission.
▪ Built in Bicholi Hapsi, the plant will recycle Select the correct answer using the codes below:
wood and branches to produce wooden A) 1 only B) 2 only
pellets, serving as an alternative to coal and C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2
promoting energy conservation. Ans: c
▪ The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) will
earn approximately Rs 3,000 per tonne in Explanation
royalty for supplying wood and branches to ▪ Table tennis players, Sharath Kamal, has
the facility. announced his retirement from the table
tennis sport.
195. Who has been named the Goodwill Ambassador ▪ His last outing will be the WTT Star
of VISION 2020 India, an initiative dedicated to Contender to be held at the Nehru Indoor
eliminating avoidable blindness? Stadium in Chennai from March 25 to 30.
A) Sunil Gavaskar B) Kapil Dev ▪ The five-time Olympian is the highest-ranked
C) Krishnamachari Srikkanth D) Rahul Dravid Indian in the world at 42, according to the
Ans: c latest World Table Tennis (WTT) ranking list.
▪ In 2019, he achieved a career-best world
Explanation ranking of No. 30
▪ Former Indian cricket team captain and ▪ He leaves behind a legacy as a 10-time
batsman Krishnamachari Srikkanth has been national champion
named the Goodwill Ambassador of VISION ▪ In a career spanning over two decades,
2020 India, an initiative dedicated to Sharath has won 13 Commonwealth Games
eliminating avoidable blindness across the medals, including seven golds, two Asian
country. Games bronze medals, and two ITTF Pro Tour
▪ The initiative will offer free eye check-ups, titles.
surgeries, and vision correction services to ▪ He is the first Indian to be elected into the
underserved communities, with Srikkanth International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
actively participating in awareness campaigns athletes' commission.
to combat avoidable blindness. ▪ Also part of the athletes' body in the Indian
Olympic Association (IOA)
196. Who has been named the ‘Fit India Icon’ by ▪ Arjuna Award – 2004
Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya? ▪ Padma Shri 2019
A) Ayushmann Khurrana B) Akshay Kumar ▪ Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna - 2022
C) Ranveer Singh D) Virat Kohli
Ans: a 198. What initiative has the Punjab government
recently announced in the FY26 Budget to assess the
Explanation prevalence of drug use in the state?
Ayushmann Khurrana Named ‘Fit India Icon’ by (A) Setting up new de-addiction centers
Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya (B) Launching statewide awareness programs
▪ First-Ever Fit India Carnival a threed ay event (C) Strengthening anti-narcotics laws
from March 16-18, 2025 in New Delhi (D) Conducting the first-ever "drug census"
▪ Inaugurated by Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, Ans: d
Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports.
▪ The launch of the book, "Benefits of Cycling",
curated by the NCSSR team

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Explanation Explanation
Punjab Finance Minister Harpal Cheema Presents Induction ceremony for fourth 25T Bollard Pull (BP)
₹2.36 Lakh Crore Budget, Focuses on Drugs, Farming Tug Yuvan was held at Naval Dockyard
& Health (Visakhapatnam)
▪ The total budget expenditure of ₹2,36,080 ▪ These Tugs are a part of the contract for
crore for FY 2025-26. construction of six (06) 25T BP Tugs
▪ The Punjab Government is going to carry out concluded with M/s Titagarh Rail Systems
the first-ever "drug census" in Punjab to Limited (TRSL), Kolkata on 12 Nov 21.
understand the prevalence of drugs, usage of ▪ These Tugs have been indigenously designed
de-addiction centres etc. and built
▪ 4 tugs - "Bhishm" (Yard 335), "Bahubali",
199. What is the primary objective of the Sahkar Taxi "Ashva" (Yard 337), and "Yuvan" (Yard 338)
initiative? ▪ Tugs which are being utilised by Indian Navy
(A) To provide a luxury ride-hailing service for to provide assistance to Naval ships and
premium users submarines during berthing, un-berthing and
(B) To replace traditional taxis with electric vehicles manoeuvring in confined waters.
(C) To introduce AI-based ride-sharing for urban areas
(D) To eliminate commission cuts by third-party 201. Tribhuvan Kashibhai Patel, after whom India’s
platforms for drivers first national cooperative university, Tribhuvan
Ans: d Sahkari University, is named, is known for being:
(A) The first Union Minister for Cooperation
Explanation (B) The founder of Amul cooperative dairy
Govt to launch “Sahkar” taxi, cooperative-based (C) A freedom fighter from Gujarat
service (D) The first Chairman of NABARD
▪ The launch of Sahkar Taxi—a cooperative- Ans: b
based service aimed at giving drivers full
control over their earnings, free from Explanation
commission cuts by third-party platforms. ▪ The Lok Sabha passed the Tribhuvan Sahkari
▪ the initiative would allow cooperative University Bill, 2025 to establish the country’s
societies to register taxis, rickshaws, two- first national cooperative university at the
wheelers, and four-wheelers without Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA)
involving intermediaries. in Gujarat.
▪ Sahkar Taxi aligns with Prime Minister ▪ It aims to revolutionise education, research
Narendra Modi's broader vision of 'Sahkar Se and training in the cooperative sector.
Samriddhi' (Prosperity through Cooperation), ▪ The cooperative training institutes in all States
▪ The Central Consumer Protection Authority will be registered as schools or colleges under
(CCPA) recently sent notices to Ola and Uber the university.
after reports emerged suggesting fare ▪ It will have degree, diploma, and PhD courses.
discrepancies based on the user's phone ▪ The Cooperative University will have the
type—Android vs iPhone. capacity to train 8 lakh people every year
▪ The University is named after Tribhuvan
200. Which company constructed Tug Yuvan, the 25T Kashibhai Patel, the founder of cooperative
Bollard Pull (BP) Tug? dairy giant Amul.
(A) Hindustan Shipyard Limited
(B) Titagarh Rail Systems Limited (TRSL) 202. Which of the following statements regarding the
(C) Cochin Shipyard Limited Senkaku Islands are correct?
(D) Goa Shipyard Limited 1. The islands are a point of territorial dispute
Ans: b between Japan, China, and Taiwan.
2. Japan has administered the islands since 1972.
3. The Senkaku Islands are located in the South
China Sea.
CODE:

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(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 Principle of State Policy, which states that the
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2, and 3 state shall endeavor to secure a uniform civil
Ans: a code for citizens throughout the territory of
India.
Explanation ▪ However, it's important to note that this is
Context: Japan has raised strong concerns over the not a legally enforceable right but a guiding
longest recorded intrusion by Chinese Coast Guard principle for the state.
ships near the disputed Senkaku Islands.
▪ Location: 204. Which organization is spearheading the national
▪ The Senkaku Islands are located in initiative 'Dx-EDGE' to drive digital transformation
the East China Sea, northeast of across India's MSMEs?
Taiwan. A) NITI Aayog
▪ The group comprises eight B) Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
uninhabited islands with a total area C) Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
of approximately 7 sq km. D) Reserve Bank of India
▪ Presently controlled by: The islands are Ans: b
currently administered and controlled
by Japan since 1972. Explanation
▪ Disputed Nations: The dispute exists ▪ Recently, India launched the 'Digital Excellence
between Japan, China (Diaoyu Islands), for Growth and Enterprise' (Dx-EDGE) initiative
and Taiwan (Diaoyutai Islands). ▪ Dx-EDGE is a national initiative spearheaded by
▪ China began asserting its claim only after the CII with the support of NITI Frontier Tech Hub
discovery of potential oil and gas reserves in (NITI FTH) and All India Council for Technical
the 1970s. Education (AICTE) to drive digital transformation
across India's MSMEs.
203. Who is heading the high-level committee ▪ 'Dx-EDGE', a platform to empower MSMEs with
formed to evaluate and draft the Uniform Civil Code the tools, knowledge and ecosystem needed to
(UCC) for Gujarat? become future-ready, competitive and resilient.
A) Justice Arun Mishra B) Justice Ranjana Desai
C) Justice DY Chandrachud D) Justice Indira Banerjee 205. In which state is the Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife
Ans: b Sanctuary being developed as a leopard safari
destination?
Explanation A) Punjab B) Himachal Pradesh
▪ Gujarat is to become the second state in the C) Haryana D) Uttarakhand
country to implement the Uniform Civil Code Ans: a
(UCC) after Uttarakhand.
▪ The state government has formed a high- Explanation
level committee under the chairmanship of ▪ Punjab govt plans to develop Jhajjar-Bachauli
Justice Ranjana Desai to evaluate and draft a Wildlife Sanctuary as 1st Leopard Safari
Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for the state. destination in state
▪ The committee invited suggestions from ▪ The Punjab govt has announced plans to
residents, socio political organizations , the develop Nangal as a major tourist destination
deadline of submitting the suggestions has and turn Anandpur Sahib's Jhajjar Bachauli
been extended till April 15, 2025. Wildlife Sanctuary into the state's first
leopard safari destination.
Uniform Civil Code ( Article 44) ▪ Located near the Sutlej River, the Jhajjar-
▪ The Uniform Civil Code refers to a single set Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a
of laws governing personal matters such protected sanctuary by the Punjab
as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, government in 1998 under the provisions of
and succession for all citizens of India. the Wildlife Protection Act 1972.
▪ The concept of UCC is mentioned in Article 44 ▪ This initiative was highlighted in the budget
of the Indian Constitution as a Directive for the financial year 2025-26.

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206. Which temple is featured in the photobook About Indian Banks’ Association (IBA):
Namo Ganapa? ▪ Formed in 1946.
A) Udupi Krishna Temple ▪ It is an association of Indian banks and
B) Sri Madanantheswara Siddivinayaka Temple financial institutions based in Mumbai.
C) Sabarimala Temple ▪ IBA was formed for development,
D) Guruvayur Temple coordination and strengthening of Indian
Ans: b banking

Explanation 209. Which divisions of the Indian Armed Forces

▪ A photobook titled Namo Ganapa on Sri participated in the Prachand Prahar exercise
Madanantheswara Siddivinayaka Temple, conducted in Arunachal Pradesh?
Madhur, Kasaragod district, Kerala. (A) Indian Army (B) Indian Air Force
▪ It is a popular Hindu temple dedicated to (C) Indian Navy (D) All of the above
Lord Shiva (Madanantheshwara) and Lord Ans: d
Ganesha (Siddhivinayaka).
▪ Situated on the banks of the Mogral river Explanation
(locally known as Madhuvahini) ▪ Indian Armed Forces conduct tri-services
Exercise Prachand Prahar
207. Which operation has India launched to provide ▪ The Indian Armed Forces conducted a tri-
humanitarian aid and relief supplies to Myanmar? service integrated multi-domain exercise,
A) Operation Ganga B) Operation Brahma Prachand Prahar, in the high-altitude terrain
C) Operation Shakti D) Operation Rescue of the Himalayas along the Northern Borders
Ans: b in Arunachal Pradesh.
▪ The three-day exercise, held from March 25
Explanation to 27, focused on coordinated operations
▪ 7.7 magnitude earthquake hit Mandalay, involving the Army, Air Force, and Navy.
Myanmar, killing over 140 people and ▪ Prachand Prahar follows Exercise Poorvi
causing structural damage across Myanmar Prahar, conducted in November 2024
and neighbouring countries. (Arunachal Pradesh.), which focused on the
▪ India has launched Operation Brahma, integrated application of aviation assets.
sending humanitarian aid and relief supplies
to the affected region. 210. Which organization released the Global Energy
Review 2025?
About Operation Brahma: A) World Energy Council
▪ Launched by the Indian Air Force using C- B) International Energy Agency (IEA)
130J aircraft. C) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
▪ First batch: 15 tonnes of relief material and Change (UNFCCC)
includes search and rescue D) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
personnel and medical teams. Ans: b

208. Who has been elected as the new Chairman of Explanation

the Indian Banks' Association (IBA)? ▪ The report titled Global Energy Review
A) CS Setty B) Shyam Sundar 2025 was released by the International Energy
C) Ramesh Kumar D) Arvind Gupta Agency (IEA).
Ans: a ▪ This edition of the Global Energy Review is the
first comprehensive depiction of the trends
Explanation that took place in 2024 across the entire
CS Setty replaced MV Rao, the Chief Executive of energy sector, covering data for all fuels and
Central Bank of India, as the Chairman of the Indian technologies, all regions and major countries,
Banks' Association (IBA). and energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions.

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▪ global electricity demand increased by 4.3 Key Insights from India BioEconomy Report 2024:
per cent in 2024, a step change from the 2.5 ▪ Rapid Market Growth: Bioeconomy doubled
per cent growth seen in 2023. from $86 billion (2020) to $165 billion (2024)
▪ Rising global electricity use was driven by ▪ Industrial & Pharma Dominance: 48% value
factors such as increasing cooling demand came from industrial bioeconomy (biofuels,
resulting from extreme temperatures, bioplastics); 35% from pharma,
growing consumption by industry, the majorly vaccines.
electrification of transport, and the expansion ▪ Start-up Surge: Number of companies grew
of the data centre sector. from 5,365 in 2021 to 10,075 in 2024,
▪ Extreme temperatures in 2024 – the warmest expected to double again by 2030.
year recorded, surpassed the previous record ▪ Employment Potential: Projected to
set in 2023. generate 35 million jobs by 2030 through
▪ Regions with high cooling demand were biotech research, IT, and bio-manufacturing.
particularly affected, including China, India ▪ Regional Disparities: 5 states - Maharashtra
and the United States. (MH), Karnataka (KA), Telangana (TG),
▪ The buildings sector drove higher electricity Gujarat (GJ), and Andhra Pradesh (AP)-
demand in 2024, growing four times faster contribute two-thirds of total value; NE and
than in 2023. Eastern India underperform (<6%).
▪ Global electricity consumption in buildings ▪ Fastest Growing Segment: Research & IT—
increased by more than 600 terawatt-hours including bioinformatics, clinical trials, and
(TWh) or five per cent in 2024, biotech software—is seeing the highest
▪ The industry sector made up nearly 40 per annual growth.
cent of total growth in electricity demand in
2024. About India’s Achievements in Bioeconomy:
▪ Electricity use in industry grew by nearly 4 ▪ Vaccine Revolution: India became a global
per cent in 2024, a step up from the pace in leader in vaccine production post-COVID-19,
2023, boosting biotech infrastructure and
▪ According to the report, the global increase of innovation.
300 million tonnes of CO2 was influenced by ▪ Biofuel Expansion: Ethanol blending
record high temperatures. programs and fermentation-based fuel
▪ Natural gas emissions rose by around 2.5 per production have surged, reducing fossil fuel
cent (180 Mt CO2) in 2024, making it the dependency.
largest contributor to global carbon ▪ Global Recognition: India’s bioeconomy
emissions growth. (4.2% of GDP) now compares well with US
and China, although lagging behind EU
211. According to the India Bio-Economy Report nations like Spain (20%).
2024, what was the estimated value of India's
bioeconomy in 2024? Government’s Initiative - BioE3
A) $86 billion B) $125 billion Policy (2024): Launched to drive bio-based Economy,
C) $165 billion D) $200 billion Environment, and Employment. Focus:
Ans: c biomanufacturing and research.

Explanation 212.What does the term "Kaizen" mean?

The India Bio-Economy Report 2024 A) Rapid transformation
▪ Released by the Department of B) Change for better / Continuous improvement
Biotechnology, C) Cost-cutting strategy
▪ Highlighted that India’s bioeconomy crossed D) Employee restructuring
$165 billion, contributing 4.2% of GDP. It Ans: b
charts a roadmap to reach $300 billion by
2030 and $1 trillion by 2047. Explanation
▪ NEWS: The Gujarat Administrative Reforms
Commission (GARC) submitted its first report

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recommending the adoption of Kaizen, a ▪ The prize was established by the Norwegian
Japanese method of continuous Parliament in 2002, on Abel’s 200th
improvement, in government operations. anniversary.
▪ First awarded in 2003, the prize includes a
About Kaizen Philosophy: monetary award of 7.5 million kroner
▪ Kaizen, derived from the Japanese words (roughly $720,000) and a glass plaque
"kai" (change) and "zen" (good), translates to designed by Norwegian artist Henrik Haugan.
"good change" or "continuous ▪ Masaki Kashiwara, 78, was awarded “for his
improvement". fundamental contributions to algebraic
▪ It is a philosophy and management approach analysis and representation theory, in
that emphasizes incremental, ongoing particular the development of the theory of D-
improvements in all aspects of a business or modules and the discovery of crystal bases,”
organization, involving everyone from the according to the Abel citation.
CEO to the assembly line workers
214. The tracked version of the Nag Anti-Tank Missile
Core Features of Kaizen: System (NAMIS) was developed by which
▪ Continuous Improvement: Encourages small, organization?
incremental changes for long-term efficiency. A) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
▪ Employee Involvement: Every worker is B) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
empowered to suggest process C) Defence Research and Development Laboratory
improvements. (DRDL)
▪ Standardization: Streamlined procedures to D) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
maintain consistency. Ans: c
▪ Waste Elimination (Muda): Cuts down
unnecessary steps, time, or resource use. Explanation
▪ Customer-Centric Approach: Enhances ▪ The Defence has signed a contract with
service delivery to meet citizen needs. Armoured Vehicle Nigam Limited (AVNL) for
the procurement of Nag Missile System
213. Consider the following statements with (NAMIS) tracked version of anti-tank weapon
reference to the Abel Prize: platform
1. The first Abel Prize was awarded in 2002. ▪ NAMIS (Tr) weapon system, developed by
2. Masaki Kashiwara has won the 2025 Abel DRDO
Prize for Mathematics. ▪ NAMIS (Tr) is one of the most sophisticated
Which of the statement/s is/are correct? anti-tank weapon system against enemy
A) Only statement 1 is correct armour with fire-and-forget anti-tank missile
B) Only statement 2 is correct ▪ The Ministry also signed contract with Force
C) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct Motors Ltd & Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd for
D) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect around 5,000 light vehicles for the armed
Ans: b forces at a total cost of around Rs 2,500
crore.
Explanation
▪ Masaki Kashiwara, a Japanese 215.Novak Djokovic became the __________ man to
mathematician, received this year’s Abel reach the semi-finals of a Masters 1000 event at the
Prize, which aspires to be the equivalent of age of 37 years and 10 months.
the Nobel Prize in math. A) Youngest B) Oldest
▪ The Abel Prize “recognises pioneering C) Second-oldest D) Third-oldest
scientific achievements in mathematics”. Ans: b
▪ It is named after Norwegian mathematician
Niels Henrik Abel (1802-29), who in his short Explanation
life made pioneering contributions to multiple ▪ Novak Djokovic becomes oldest man to reach
fields. ATP Masters 1000 semi-final

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▪ Novak Djokovic added another feather to his ▪ The decision to join the New Development
after advancing to the semi-finals of the Bank was announced by the Indonesian
Miami Open President Prabowo Subianto during his
▪ The 24-time Grand Slam champion, became meeting with the New Development Bank’s
the oldest man to reach the semi-finals of a President Dilma Vana Rousseff on 25th March
Masters 1000 event at 37 years and 10 2025.
months old. ▪ Indonesia is the 10th member country of
BRICS and the first from Southeast Asia
216. According to the Hurun Global Rich List 2025,
who became the first Indian woman to enter the About BRICS
global top 10 female billionaires list? ▪ The Term BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and
A) Roshni Nadar B) Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw China) was coined by the British economist
C) Savitri Jindal D) Falguni Nayar Jim O'Neill in 2001. In a research report, he
Ans: a forecasted that these countries' economic
growth would outperform the world in the
Explanation coming decade.
Hurun Global Rich List 2025: Elon Musk tops again; ▪ With the joining of South Africa in 2010, the
Mukesh Ambani, Gautam Adani, Roshni Nadar name of the Group was changed to BRICS
among the richest in India from BRIC.
▪ Hurun Global Rich List is out, and India ranks ▪ On 1st January 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and
third with 284 billionaires followed by the the United Arab Emirates joined BRICS.
U.K., Germany, and Switzerland. ▪ Indonesia is the latest country to join BRICS,
▪ Hurun is a research, investments, and media taking its total membership to 10.
group based in Shanghai, China. ▪ Brazil will host the 17th Summit meeting of
▪ It was founded by Rupert Hoogewerf in 1999 the BRICS leaders in 2025.
in the United Kingdom. New Development Bank (NDB)
▪ Elon Musk has reclaimed his title as the ▪ During the 6th BRICS Summit meeting held in
world’s richest person for the fourth time in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2014, a decision was taken
five years by the BRICS leaders to set up a multilateral
▪ Mukesh Ambani slipped out of the top 10 in development bank.
the world’s rich list but remains the richest ▪ In 2015, the BRICS bank was established,
person in Asia which was later renamed as the New
▪ HCL Technologies’ chairperson Roshni Nadar Development Bank.
has become the first Indian woman to enter
the global top 10 female billionaires list Function
▪ She also became the fifth richest woman ▪ To provide loans to develop infrastructure
globally after her father transferred a 47% and sustainable development projects in
stake in HCL to her. emerging markets and developing countries.
▪ Authorized Capital of Bank: USD 100 billion
217. Upon joining the New Development Bank,
Indonesia will become the ______ country to be a Members:
member of the bank. ▪ The membership is open to all members of
A) 8th B) 9th C) 10th D) 11th the United Nations.
Ans: b ▪ The founding members of the Banks are
Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
Explanation ▪ New members- Bangladesh, the United Arab
▪ Indonesia has agreed to join the New Emirates, and Egypt.
Development Bank established by the BRICS ▪ Saudi Arabia is yet to formalise its BRICS
group. membership.
▪ Indonesia is to become the 9th country to ▪ Argentina was initially expected to join the
become a member of the New Development group in 2024 but later decided against it.
Bank. ▪ Headquarters: Shanghai, China

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218. Which country is hosting the Exercise INIOCHOS- 221. Who has recently been appointed as the private
25? secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
A) United States B) Greece C) India D) France A) Anjali Sinha B) Smita Sharma
Ans: b C) Priya Ranjan D) Nidhi Tewari
Ans: d
Explanation
Indian Air Force To Participate In Multi-nation Air Explanation
Exercise Iniochos-25 Nidhi Tiwari Appointed as Private Secretary to Prime
▪ INIOCHOS is a biennial multinational air Minister Narendra Modi
exercise ▪ A 2014-batch Indian Foreign Service (IFS)
▪ The Indian Air Force (IAF) will be participating officer, Tewari was serving as deputy
in Exercise INIOCHOS-25, a prestigious multi- secretary in the Prime Minister’s Office
national air exercise hosted by the Hellenic (November 2022 – March 2025)
Air Force (Greece).
▪ The exercise will take place at Andravida Air Additional Facts:
Base, Greece, from 31 March 2025 to 11 April ▪ Principal Secretary to PM- Dr. PK. Mishra
2025. ▪ Principal Secretary-2 to PM - Shaktikanta Das
▪ The IAF contingent will include Su-30 MKI
fighters along with combat enabler IL-78 & C- 222. Which countries are participating in the 14th
17 aircraft. edition of the bilateral naval exercise INDRA?
A) India and Russia B) India and China
219. Who won the 2025 Tashkent Open Agzamov C) Russia and Japan D) India and United States
Memorial title? Ans: a
A) Nihal Sarin B) Viswanathan Anand
C) Levon Aronian D) Magnus Carlsen Explanation
Ans: a ▪ The 14th edition of the India-Russia bilateral
naval exercise INDRA 2025 is being
Explanation conducted from March 28 to April 2, 2025,
India’s Nihal Sarin has clinched the 2025 Tashkent off the coast of Chennai.
Open Agzamov Memorial title in Tashkent, ▪ The Harbour Phase occurs from 28 to 30
Uzbekistan. March 2025 in Chennai.
▪ The Sea Phase takes place from 31 March to 2
220. What is the theme for the International Day of April 2025 in the Bay of Bengal.
Zero Waste 2025? ▪ The exercise will involve Russian Federation
A) Towards zero waste in agriculture Naval Ships Pechanga, Rezkiy, and Aldar
B) Towards zero waste in fashion and textiles Tsydenzhapov,
C) Towards zero waste in urbanization ▪ Indian Naval Ships Rana, Kuthar, and
D) Towards zero waste in industries maritime patrol aircraft P8I.
Ans: b ▪ Exercise INDRA began in 2003

Explanation 223. Exercise Tiger Triumph, a bilateral Tri-Service

▪ On 14 December 2022, the United Nations Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)
General Assembly adopted a resolution at its exercise, is conducted between which two countries?
seventy-seventh session to proclaim 30 March A) India and Japan B) India and the United States
as International Day of Zero Waste C) India and Australia D) India and China
▪ The United Nations Environment Ans: b
Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations
Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) Explanation
jointly facilitate the observance of ▪ The 4th edition of Exercise Tiger Triumph, the
International Day of Zero Waste. bilateral Tri-Service India-US Humanitarian
▪ Theme: Towards zero waste in fashion and Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)
textiles

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Exercise, scheduled on the Eastern Seaboard 225. In which Indian state is the Karimpuzha Wildlife
from 01 to 13 Apr 25. Sanctuary located?
▪ The Indian side would be represented by A) Tamil Nadu B) Karnataka
Indian Naval Ships Jalashwa, Gharial, C) Kerala D) Andhra Pradesh
Mumbai and Shakti Ans: c
▪ The US side would be represented by US
Navy Ships Comstock and Ralph Johnson Explanation
▪ The Harbour Phase is scheduled at ▪ The Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala’s
Visakhapatnam from 01 to 07 Apr 25 during youngest protected area, has emerged as a
which an Opening Ceremony will be held biodiversity hotspot.
onboard INS Jalashwa on 01 Apr 25. ▪ A recent faunal survey conducted by the
▪ Sea Phase and Maritime, Amphibious and Forest department, the first-such systematic
HADR operations off Kakinada. exercise conducted since its inception, has
▪ Closing ceremony on board US Navy Ship reported 63 new species of odonates,
Comstock on 13 Apr 25 at Visakhapatnam. butterflies and birds.
▪ The first edition of the exercise took place
from November 13 to 21, 2019, off the coasts About Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary
of Visakhapatnam and Kakinada in Andhra ▪ The sanctuary is in Malappuram district,
Pradesh. Kerala,
▪ Other Exercises Between India and US are- ▪ Declared a protected site in 2022, covering
▪ Yudh Abhyas (Army) 227.97 sq.km on the western slopes of the
▪ Vajra Prahar (Special Forces) Nilgiri Hills.
▪ Cope India (Air Force) ▪ It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere
224. Consider the following statements regarding Programme.
India’s performance at the 2025 Asian Wrestling ▪ Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary shares
Championships: boundaries with Mukurthi National Park in
1. India won a total of 10 medals, including one Tamil Nadu and Silent Valley National Park in
gold, three silver, and six bronze. Kerala.
2. The championship was held in Amman, ▪ The name ‘Karimpuzha’ comes from the
Jordan. Karimpuzha River, a tributary of River
3. Manisha Bhanwala secured India’s only gold Chaliyar.
medal in the 62 kg category.
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct? 226. Who won the 2025 Miami Open title?
A) 1 and 2 only B) 2 and 3 only a) Novak Djokovic b) Daniil Medvedev
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3 c) Jakub Menšík d) Alexander Zverev
Ans: d Ans: c

Explanation Explanation
Asian Wrestling Championship 2025 ▪ Miami Open 2025 Final: 19-year-old Jakub
▪ India finished the Asian Wrestling Mensik from the Czech Republic defeated
Championships 2025 in Amman, Jordan, with 10 Novak Djokovic to win his first ATP trophy.
medals - one gold, three silver and seven ▪ The oldest ever to reach a Masters 1000 final,
bronze. 37-year-old Djokovic played to join Jimmy
▪ Gold Medals- Manisha Bhanwala in the Connors (109) and Roger Federer (103) as the
women’s 62kg weight division only three men in the Open Era with 100 or
▪ Silver Medals – more titles but lost.
• Olympian Deepak Punia and Udit in the men’s
freestyle 92kg and 61kg weight divisions. 227. When was the Armed Forces (Special Powers)
• U23 world champion Reetika Hooda in the Act (AFSPA) enacted by the Indian Parliament?
women’s 76kg division A) 1947 B) 1958 C) 1971 D) 1980
• Iran Topped the medal tally with 9 golds Ans: b

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Explanation 228. Ajinkya Rahane became the first Indian player to

In Manipur, affected by ethnic violence, AFSPA captain how many different teams in IPL history?
extended for six months in the entire Manipur, except A) Two B) Three C) Four D) Five
the jurisdictions of 13 police stations Ans: b
About Armed Forces (Special) Powers Act
It is a law enacted by the Parliament in 1958 Explanation
which gives the armed forces special powers and ▪ Ajinkya Rahane, the senior Indian batsman
immunity to maintain public order in “disturbed and captain of Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) in
areas”. IPL 2025, made history, by becoming the first
When is it applied? Indian player to lead three different teams in
It can be applied only after an area has been declared the Indian Premier League (IPL).
“disturbed” under section 2 of the Act. ▪ Rising Pune Supergiant (IPL 2017) – Captained
▪ Disturbed Areas under AFSPA: Defined under one match.
Section 3 of the Act, a “disturbed area” is ▪ Rajasthan Royals (IPL 2018 & 2019) – Led the
where the use of armed forces is deemed team in 24 matches.
necessary to support civil authorities in ▪ Kolkata Knight Riders (IPL 2025) – Became
maintaining law and order. KKR captain in the current season.
▪ An area can be declared disturbed due to ▪ Other Players to Captain 3 IPL Teams : Kumar
conflicts or disputes Sangakkara, Mahela Jayawardene, Steve
between various religious, racial, linguistic, Smith.
regional, or caste-based communities.
Jurisdiction: 229. Who is the author of the book Leo—The Untold
▪ The central government, Governor of the Story?
state, or the administrator of the Union A) Harsha Bhogle B) P.S. Raman
Territory can declare the whole or part of a C) Suresh Raina D) N. Srinivasan
state or union territory as a disturbed area. Ans: b
▪ Once declared, the region is maintained as
disturbed for at least three months under The Explanation
Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976. ▪ A new book on Chennai Super Kings, ‘Leo—
The ‘special powers’ of armed forces under AFSPA The Untold Story’
are: ▪ Authored by : Senior advocate and former
▪ They have the authority Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA) vice-
to prohibit a gathering of five or more president P.S. Raman
persons in an area, can use force or even ▪ Unveiled by :“C.D.” Gopinath, a member of
open fire after giving due warning if they feel India’s first Test-winning team
a person is in contravention of the law.
▪ If reasonable suspicion exists, the army can 230. Who has become the first woman Law Secretary
also arrest a person without a warrant, enter of India?
or search a premises without a A) Indira Jaising B) Anju Rathi Rana
warrant, and ban the possession of firearms. C) Leila Seth D) R. Banumathi
▪ It gives Army officers legal immunity for their Ans: b
actions. There can be no prosecution, suit or
any other legal proceeding against anyone Explanation
acting under that law, without the Central ▪ Anju Rathi Rana Appointed As The First
government’s sanction, as outlined in Section Woman Law Secretary
6 of the Act. ▪ The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
▪ Currently, AFSPA is in effect in parts has approved the appointment of Dr. Anju
of Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, and Arunachal Rathi Rana, ILS, as the Secretary, Department
Pradesh. of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice.
▪ In Jammu and Kashmir, the law is enforced ▪ for an initial period of two years from the date
through the Armed Forces (J&K) Special she takes charge or until further orders,
Powers Act, 1990. whichever is earlier.

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