URDANETA CITY

UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of
Urdaneta COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND
ACCOUNTANCY

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

BS ACCOUNTANCY 1 - 2
(A228)

Submitted to:
Mark Arvin O. Villanueva, LPT

Prepared by:
(Group 1)
Aninao, Rica M.
Asenita, Clarisse Joy S.
Atienza, Ryna Grace B.
Bautista, Loiza A.
Cabasog, Diane T.
Cañaveral, Elaine Gail N.
Canlas, Marcus Alexander M.
Cariño, Jasmine P.
 CHAPTER 5: THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS
Introduction
The Filipino-American relations officially began in 1898, during a very important
time in history when the United States declared war against Spain on April 25. This
conflict was triggered by several reasons, but what really pushed the U.S. into war was
the mysterious explosion of the U.S.S. Maine battleship on February 15, 1898, while it
was stationed in the harbor of Havana, Cuba. The ship was actually there to protect
American citizens in Cuba, since Cuban revolutionaries were also fighting for their
independence from Spain.

The war between the United States and Spain didn’t last very long. It started in
April and ended by August 13, 1898, which is less than four months. After Spain’s defeat,
the country gave up its claims to Cuba and gave control of Guam and Puerto Rico to the
United States. Most importantly for us, Spain also transferred control of the Philippines
to the U.S. The U.S. paid Spain 20 million dollars for this transfer, which was made
official through the Treaty of Paris that was signed on December 10, 1898.

In conclusion, the beginning of Filipino-American relations in 1898 marked a

significant turning point in Philippine history. Although it ended Spanish rule, it also led
to a new chapter under American control. This event greatly influenced our country’s
political, social, and cultural development. Understanding this part of our history is
important because it helps us appreciate the struggles our ancestors faced and how those
struggles shaped the Philippines we live in today

The Start of Filipino-American Relations

The narrative surrounding the commencement of Filipino-American relations begins
with a crucial moment during the Spanish-American War, a period when Emilio
Aguinaldo, a key figure in the Philippine Revolution, was unusually absent from his
homeland. His exile in Hong Kong was a result of the Biak-na-Bato agreement, a pact
intended to stop the conflict temporarily between Filipino revolutionaries and Spanish
colonial forces. However, Aguinaldo's presence in Hong Kong was short-lived, setting
the stage for his following interactions with American diplomats in Singapore.

Aguinaldo's unexpected relocation to Singapore stemmed directly from the

complexities and fallout of the Biak-na-Bato agreement. While the pact set out a
compensation of P800,000.00 for the Filipino revolutionaries, Aguinaldo departed Hong
Kong with only half of this sum, P400,000.00. This caused resentment among the
revolutionaries left behind in the Philippines, who felt abandoned and demanded the
remaining balance. Capitalizing on this conflict, the Spanish authorities attempted to
separate the revolutionaries from Aguinaldo by paying them P200,000.00, an amount that
proved insufficient to put down their dissatisfaction. The internal conflict escalated when
Isabelo Artacho, a former official in the Biak-na-Bato government, filed a lawsuit against
Aguinaldo in Hong Kong. To evade the potential scandal and legal repercussions,
Aguinaldo made the decision to flee Hong Kong and arrived in Singapore on April 7,
1898.

In essence, Aguinaldo's presence in Singapore, rather than his designated exile in

Hong Kong, was a direct result of the contentious aftermath of the Biak-na-Bato
agreement. The issues surrounding the promised indemnity, the resulting grievances of
the Filipino revolutionaries, and the legal action taken against Aguinaldo created a
situation that compelled him to seek refuge elsewhere. This move to Singapore placed
him in a position to engage with American diplomats, a series of interactions that would
significantly shape the early trajectory of Filipino-American relations.

Moreover, Aguinaldo's exile in Hong Kong inadvertently paved the way for initial
contact with American officials, a connection that would significantly alter the course of
the Philippine Revolution. This initial interaction with the U.S. Consul Edward Spencer
Pratt, coupled with subsequent arrangements facilitated by an Englishman named
Howard Bray, led to a pivotal meeting in Singapore. This meeting planted the seeds for
Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines under the auspices of the American forces, a move
that held the promise of liberation from Spanish colonial rule.
 Impressed by Aguinaldo, Pratt facilitated his return to the Philippines by
coordinating with Commodore George Dewey of the American Squadron. A swift
telegram from Dewey instructed Pratt to arrange Aguinaldo's immediate travel to the
Philippines. Optimistic about securing Philippine independence with American support,
Aguinaldo entrusted U.S. Consul in Hong Kong, Rounseville Wildman, with significant
funds, 50,000.00 pesos for the purchase of 2,000 rifles and 200,000 rounds of ammunit
procurement of arms and a vessel for inter-island travel. Tragically, these arms shipments
were never delivered. Meanwhile, Commodore Dewey, acting on orders to engage the
Spanish fleet, sailed for the Philippines without Aguinaldo, achieving a decisive early
victory in Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. The Spanish fleet was decimated, with heavy
casualties, while the Americans suffered no losses. Desperate for support, the Spanish
Governor-General Basilio Agustin attempted to appease the Filipinos by announcing the
formation of a Consultative Assembly of prominent Filipinos. However, these efforts
proved futile as the Filipinos, yearning for genuine freedom, were no longer swayed by
promises of reforms under Spanish rule.

In conclusion, the early interactions between Aguinaldo and American officials,

spurred by his exile and facilitated by individuals like Pratt and Bray, set in motion
Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines with the expectation of American assistance in
achieving independence. While the promised arms from Consul Wildman never
materialized, Dewey's initial naval victory against the Spanish further emboldened the
Filipino revolutionaries. The Spanish attempts to garner Filipino support through a
Consultative Assembly ultimately failed, highlighting the Filipinos' unwavering desire
for complete liberation, a sentiment that would heavily influence the unfolding dynamics
of Filipino-American relations.

America’s True Intention and the Filipinos’ Struggle for Recognition

The return of Emilio Aguinaldo to the Philippines on May 19, 1898, marked a
crucial turning point in the revolution against Spanish colonization. With the support of
Admiral George Dewey and the American forces, Aguinaldo believed that the United
States would aid the Filipinos in achieving full independence. This mutual agreement
gave rise to a strong partnership, as Filipinos joined forces with the Americans to fight
the Spaniards.

Filipino revolutionaries were quick to respond to Aguinaldo’s call to arms. They

successfully defeated Spanish troops in Cavite and besieged Manila, inspiring hope that
liberation was near. However, foreign interests began to complicate the situation. Nations
like Germany, England, France, and Japan sent their fleets to Manila Bay. Among them,
Germany posed the greatest threat, challenging the American blockade and attempting to
support the Spanish. Dewey, with the help of the British, confronted the Germans and
maintained control of the area.

On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence and later

established a Dictatorial Government as a temporary measure. His goal was to transition
toward a full republic. Despite the Filipinos’ victories, the Americans had their own plans.
In secret, American and Spanish officials agreed to stage a mock battle in Manila so that
Spain could surrender honorably to the Americans. This “Battle of Manila” took place on
August 13, 1898, ending with the Americans taking the city — and immediately barring
Filipino forces from entering.

The exclusion of Filipinos from Manila was a betrayal. Although they had fought
bravely, they were denied the chance to take part in the celebration of victory. Worse,
they were kept in the dark about the secret surrender agreement. Tensions between the
Filipinos and Americans began to rise.

On December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris was signed by Spain and the United
States. The Philippines was sold to America for $20 million, and no Filipino
representative was included in the negotiations. Aguinaldo’s envoy, Felipe Agoncillo,
was rejected from participating. When conflict broke out on February 4, 1899, after an
American soldier fired on a Filipino, the U.S. used the incident to justify war. Two days
later, the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, officially making the Philippines a colony of the
United States.
 Historian Renato Constantino criticized how American propaganda shaped
Filipino memory. He lamented how those who continued the resistance after Aguinaldo’s
capture in 1901 were dismissed as criminals rather than patriots. Their heroic efforts,
often ignored or forgotten, represented the true spirit of Filipino resistance.

In conclusion, while the Americans initially appeared to be allies, their true

intention was to claim the Philippines as their own. The Filipinos' dream of independence
was betrayed, and their contributions were overshadowed by American interests. This
chapter in our history reminds us to honor the sacrifices of those who fought not just for
independence, but for recognition and justice.

The Bitter End

Understanding the Final Phase of Filipino-American Relations (1899–1902)
"The Bitter End" refers to the final and most painful chapter in the Filipino
struggle for independence against American colonization. Though Filipinos initially
hoped that the Americans would support their quest for freedom after the fall of Spanish
rule, the reality turned out to be very different

The Filipino-American War started on February 4, 1899, and ended on July 2,

1902. It was a direct result of the Americans' decision to take over the Philippines from
Spain through the Treaty of Paris (1898), despite Filipino expectations of independence.
Filipinos, under Emilio Aguinaldo’s leadership, formed the First Philippine Republic and
fought to assert their sovereignty. However, despite their strong resistance, they were
outmatched by America's military power

During this time, internal conflict and political divisions weakened the resistance.
Pedro Paterno replaced Apolinario Mabini as Prime Minister, pushing for peace talks
with the Americans. Meanwhile, Antonio Luna, a fierce nationalist, opposed this move
and was later assassinated—allegedly by fellow Filipinos in Cabanatuan on June 5, 1899.
General Gregorio del Pilar made a heroic last stand at Tirad Pass to cover Aguinaldo’s
retreat. He died in battle on December 2, 1899, symbolizing the bravery and sacrifice of
the Filipino youth.

Aguinaldo was later captured on March 23, 1901, in Palanan, Isabela, through the
efforts of General Frederick Funston and Filipino collaborators (Macabebe scouts). After
his capture, Aguinaldo swore allegiance to the United States on April 1, 1901, effectively
ending the organized resistance

The Official End and American Amnesty

On July 4, 1902, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt declared the official end of
the insurrection and granted amnesty to Filipino fighters. This marked the end of a bitter
struggle, where thousands of Filipinos died—both in battle and from the effects of war.
In conclusion through the early stages of Filipino-American relations began with
hope and alliance, they ended in bloodshed, betrayal, and colonization. The phrase "The
Bitter End" encapsulates the emotional and political pain of losing a hard-fought battle
for independence and being forced into submission under a new colonial ruler.

Philippine-US Relations from Military Government to Civil Government

The relationship between the Philippines and the United States began over 120
years ago and has gone through many changes, from conflict to friendship. It started in
1898 when the U.S. took control of the Philippines from Spain after the Spanish-
American War. Many Filipinos, led by revolutionaries like Emilio Aguinaldo, had
already been fighting Spain for independence. When the U.S. replaced Spain as the
colonial power, a new war broke out the Filipino-American War (1899–1902). This war
was brutal, but by 1901, the U.S. began shifting from military rule to a civilian
government. This change was made official by the Spooner Amendment, a law
introduced by U.S. Senator John C. Spooner. William Howard Taft was appointed as the
first civilian governor. Taft promised that the Philippines would be governed for Filipinos,
not just for American interests. This idea became the foundation for many reforms.
 Under American rule, life in the Philippines changed in big ways. Compared to
Spanish times, when Filipinos had little freedom, the U.S. introduced public schools,
allowed newspapers to operate freely, and let Filipinos form political parties. Wealthy
and educated Filipinos were even given roles in the government, working alongside
American officials. In 1902, the Philippine Bill or the Cooper Act granted Filipinos basic
rights like freedom of speech and religion, though they still couldn’t have jury trials. The
law also created the Philippine Assembly, the first elected lawmaking body in the country,
which started in 1907. Taft also worked to solve land problems. Spanish Catholic friars
owned large tracts of land, which caused conflicts with Filipino farmers. Taft convinced
the U.S. government to buy 423 acres of this land and sell it back to locals, easing
tensions.

Progress continued under Governor Francis Burton Harrison, who took office in
1913. Appointed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, Harrison believed Filipinos should
run their own country. He replaced many American officials with Filipinos, a policy
called “Filipinization.” In 1916, the Jones Law was passed, promising the Philippines
independence once it could show it had a stable government. This made Filipinos hopeful
for the future. During World War I (1914–1918), the Philippines supported the U.S. by
sending soldiers and resources, strengthening their bond. Harrison praised the Philippines
as the most loyal U.S. territory.

However, not all American leaders agreed with Harrison’s approach. In 1921,
General Leonard Wood became governor. He reversed many of Harrison’s policies,
taking power away from Filipino leaders and keeping it for himself. For example, he
abolished the Board of Control, a group that managed government-owned businesses, and
gave himself sole control. Filipino leaders like Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, who
later became presidents of the Philippines resigned in protest. Wood’s strict rule made
Filipinos even more determined to fight for independence. His sudden death in 1927
eased tensions, and later governors tried to balance Filipino independence with U.S.
supervision. The Philippines kept pushing for Independence. Finally, on July 4, 1946, the
Philippines became a fully independent nation.
 Today, the two countries remain close allies. They cooperate on trade, military
defense, and disaster relief. The U.S. has supported the Philippines during crises like
natural disasters, while the Philippines allows the U.S. to use military bases under mutual
agreements. Cultural ties are strong too, many Filipinos have family in the U.S., and
American influence is seen in Philippine education, language, and pop culture.

While the relationship has faced challenges like debates over U.S. military presence
or unequal trade deals the overall bond has endured. From a rocky start marked by war
and colonial rule, the Philippines and U.S. have built a partnership based on shared
history, mutual respect, and a commitment to facing the future together. Their story
shows how two nations can move past conflict to create lasting ties, even when the road
is long and complicated.

Philippines-U.S. Relations in Contemporary Times

The relationship between the Philippines and the United States has been shaped by
several treaties and agreements that highlight cooperation, military support, and strategic
alliances. Even after the Philippines was granted full independence on July 4, 1946, the
two nations maintained close ties, especially in the areas of defense and military
cooperation.

In 1947, the Philippines and the U.S. signed the Military Bases Agreement (MBA),
allowing the U.S. to establish and operate military bases in the Philippines for ninety-nine
years. The agreement covered 23 bases, including major facilities like Clark Air Base and
Subic Bay Naval Base. The MBA granted several privileges to the U.S., such as the right
to recruit Filipino citizens into the American military, and gave American commanders
authority to manage base-related services.

Despite its initial benefits, the MBA became a source of tension as concerns about
national sovereignty, legal jurisdiction, and social issues such as prostitution near the
bases arose. Over time, revisions were made, such as in the 1956 Garcia-Bendetsen
conference, which recognized Philippine sovereignty over the base lands. By 1979,
control of the bases was transferred to the Philippines, and a review process was
established every five years.

However, in 1991, the Philippine Senate rejected the proposed U.S.-Philippine

Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Security, ending the presence of U.S. military
bases after 1992. The former bases were then converted into economic zones.

Additional agreements continued to shape the alliance. In 1951, the Mutual Defense
Treaty was signed, establishing joint defense commitments. Later, in 1999, the Visiting
Forces Agreement (VFA) was ratified, allowing U.S. troops to conduct joint military
exercises with Philippine forces while maintaining custody of U.S. personnel accused of
crimes. This provision stirred controversy, especially after a high-profile rape case
involving U.S. Marines.

In 2002, the Mutual Logistics and Support Agreement expanded U.S. military
access to support counterterrorism efforts. In 2014, the Enhanced Defense Cooperation
Agreement (EDCA) was signed, giving the U.S. access to selected Philippine military
bases and allowing the prepositioning of defense equipment.

Tensions occasionally surfaced, particularly due to incidents such as the grounding

of the USS Guardian on the Tubbataha Reef in 2013, which caused environmental
damage. Nevertheless, the Philippines-U.S. alliance has remained strong, with continued
cooperation in defense, training, and maintaining regional stability, particularly in light of
disputes in the South China Sea.

RP-US Relations under the Duterte Administration

President Duterte had a vision of forging an “independent foreign policy” to deepen
relations with China and Russia and separate from the U.S. The agenda surprised both the
United States and domestic actors in the Philippines, and suggested an uncertain future in
the long-established relations. Although Duterte’s rhetoric was aggressive, militarily and
in terms of disaster response, the Philippines continued to use U.S. support for military
assistance, intelligence, and disaster response areas in which China and Russia could not
provide the same capability.
 President Rodrigo Duterte, however, faced opposition to his plan to end the
Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) from his own defense officials, and
there was widespread public support for the U.S. alliance. Furthermore, China was an
untested and risky partner given its own territorial designs in the South China Sea.
Consequently, while Duterte wanted to express independence, the forces of strategy and
history were not in his favor, allowing the U.S. to maintain as an indispensable partner in
pursuing Philippine security.

SUMMARY
Overview of Filipino-American Relations
Filipino-American relations have a complex history that began in 1898, marked by
the Spanish-American War and the subsequent transition from Spanish to American
colonial rule. This relationship has evolved through various phases, including military
conflict, colonial governance, and contemporary diplomatic ties.

The Beginning: Spanish-American War and the Treaty of Paris

The official start of Filipino-American relations can be traced back to the Spanish-
American War, which began on April 25, 1898. The war was catalyzed by the explosion
of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor, leading the United States to declare war on Spain.
The conflict was brief, concluding with Spain's defeat and the signing of the Treaty of
Paris on December 10, 1898. This treaty resulted in Spain ceding the Philippines to the
United States for $20 million, despite the absence of Filipino representation in the
negotiations.
The Filipino-American War: Struggle for Independence
The Filipino-American War (1899-1902) erupted as Filipinos, led by Emilio
Aguinaldo, sought to assert their independence after the fall of Spanish rule. Initially,
there was hope for American support in achieving full independence. However, the
reality was starkly different, as the U.S. sought to establish control over the archipelago.
The war was marked by fierce resistance from Filipino forces, but they were ultimately
outmatched by American military power.
 Internal divisions among Filipino leaders, such as the conflict between Aguinaldo
and other revolutionary figures, further complicated the struggle. The war resulted in
significant casualties and suffering, leading to Aguinaldo's capture in 1901 and the
eventual declaration of amnesty by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, marking the
end of organized resistance.

Transition to Civil Government

Following the war, the U.S. shifted from military governance to a civilian
government, initiated by the Spooner Amendment and the appointment of William
Howard Taft as the first civilian governor. This period saw the introduction of reforms,
including public education, political participation, and land reforms aimed at addressing
issues stemming from Spanish land ownership.

The Jones Law of 1916 promised eventual independence, fostering hope among
Filipinos. However, the relationship remained complex, with varying degrees of
American control and Filipino participation in governance.

Post-Independence Relations
After the Philippines gained full independence on July 4, 1946, the two nations
maintained a close alliance, particularly in defense and military cooperation. Key
agreements, such as the Military Bases Agreement (1947) and the Mutual Defense Treaty
(1951), established frameworks for U.S. military presence and joint defense
commitments. However, these agreements also sparked debates over national sovereignty
and social issues.

The relationship faced challenges, including the rejection of the U.S.-Philippine

Treaty of Friendship in 1991, which led to the closure of U.S. military bases in the
Philippines. Despite this, subsequent agreements like the Visiting Forces Agreement
(1999) and the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (2014) continued to shape
military cooperation.
Contemporary Dynamics: The Duterte Administration
Under President Rodrigo Duterte, there was a push for an "independent foreign
policy," aiming to strengthen ties with China and Russia while distancing from the U.S.
Despite this rhetoric, the Philippines continued to rely on U.S. support for military
assistance and disaster response. Duterte faced opposition from defense officials and
public sentiment favoring the U.S. alliance, highlighting the complexities of balancing
national interests with historical ties.

Conclusion
The evolution of Filipino-American relations reflects a journey from conflict and
colonialism to partnership and cooperation. While the relationship has faced numerous
challenges, it remains significant in addressing contemporary issues such as security,
trade, and disaster response. Understanding this history is crucial for appreciating the
ongoing dynamics between the two nations and the shared aspirations for a stable and
prosperous future.

REFERENCES

Rosales, A. C., Sebastian, R. R., & Viray, J. R. B. (2020). Understanding Philippine

History: Readings and Discourse.
 ASSESSMENT
Test I. Direction: Choose the correct answer for the following questions. Read
carefully each question before selecting your response.

1. The official beginning of Filipino-American relations occurred in:

a. 1896
b. 1898
c. 1901
d. 1946
2. The event that directly preceded the United State declaring war against Spain was:

a. The signing of Treaty of Paris

b. The Cuban Revolution
c. The explosion of the U.S.S. Maine
d. Emilio Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines
3. Before returning to the Philippines with American support, where was Emilio
Aguinaldo exiled?

a. Spain
b. Singapore
c. United States of America
d. Hongkong
4. When was U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt declared the official end of the
insurrection and granted amnesty to Filipino fighters?

a. July 4, 1902
b. June 12, 1898
c. January 17, 1917
d. July 2, 1946
5. The treaty that officially sold the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars
was the:

a. Mutual Defense Treaty

b. Jones law
c. Treaty of Paris
d. Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement
6. The first civilian governor of the Philippines under American rule was:

a. Francis Burton Harrison

b. William Howard Taft
c. Leonard Wood
d. None of the Above
7. The "Battle of Manila" in August 1898 involved a secret agreement for:

a. A joint Filipino-American victory parade

b. A staged surrender of Manila to the Americans
c. The immediate independence of the Philippines
d. The transfer of Spanish forces to another location
8. The law that promised the Philippines independence once it could show a stable
government was the:

a. Philippine Bill (Cooper Act)

b. Spooner Amendment
c. Jones Law
d. Military Bases Agreement
9. Which country remained a key partner for the Philippines during President Duterte's
presidency, despite his initial plans?

a. China
b. Russia
c. Germany
d. United States
10. Who replaced Pedro Paterno as prime minister while pushing for peace talks with the
Americans?

a. Apolinario Mabini
b. Antonio Luna
c. Emilio Aguilnado
d. Gregorio del Pilar
Test II. Direction: Read the statements carefully then write TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

____________1.
Emilio Aguinaldo received the full amount of P800,000.00 promised in the
Biak-na-Bato agreement while in Hong Kong.

________2. The Military Bases Agreement (MBA) of 1947 granted the U.S. the right to
operate military bases in the Philippines for an initial period of ninety-nine years.

________3. The Filipino-American War was a direct result of the Treaty of Paris.

________4. The Philippines gained full independence from the United States on July 4,
1902.

________5. Antonio Luna supported the peace talks with the Americans during the
Filipino-American War.

________6. The Spanish-American War lasted for less than four months.

________7. Felipe Agoncillo, Aguinaldo's envoy, was rejected from participating in the
negotiations for the Treaty of Paris.

________8. Aguinaldo was later captured on April 1, 1901, in Palanan, Isabela.

________9. The Spooner Amendment officially shifted the governance of the Philippines
from military to civilian rule.

________10. President Duterte successfully terminated the Enhanced Defense

Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) with the United States during his administration.
ANSWER KEY

Test I

1. B. 1898

2. C. The explosion of the U.S.S. Maine

3. D. Hongkong

4. A. July 4,1902

5. C. Treaty of Paris

6. B. William Howard Taft

7. B. A staged surrender of Manila to the Americans

8. C. Jones Law

9. D. United States

10. A. Apolinario Mabini

Test II

1. FALSE

2. TRUE

3. TRUE

4. FALSE

5. FALSE

6. TRUE

7. TRUE

8. FALSE

9. TRUE

10. FALSE
 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT
NAME SCORES
ANINAO, RICA M. Reporter
ASENITA,CLARISSE JOY S. Reporter
ATIENZA, RYNA GRACE B. Reporter
BAUTISTA, LOIZA A. Reporter
CAÑAVERAL, ELAINE GAIL N. Reporter
CANLAS, MARCUS ALEXANDER M. Reporter
CARIÑO, JASMINE P. Reporter
CASTRO, JOEY M. 19
CORPUZ, BEA M. 20
CORPUZ, HANNAH KATE D. 19
DELA TORRE, JUSTIN L. 19
DIEGO, PRECIOUS JEWEL B. 20
DOMINGO, DORINA O. 18
ESCAREZ, JOHN KYLE B. 18
FERNANDEZ, ANGEL JHEREME E. 20
FERRER, ANGELA MAE B. 18
FLORES, ANGELINE JOYCE C. 20
FORTUNATO, IAN JOSE S. 19
GARNACE, AILEEN IVY M. 19
GATMEN, IVY ROSE M. 20
GREGO, VABETH O. 18
HUGO, LOUIS GABRIEL B. 20
ILAGAN, JUDEA RACHEL T. 20
JUMAWAN, HANNAH RHIAN F. 20
MAYBALO, PRINCE BULLET A. 20
MARIÑAS, ALJAN B. 20
MENDOZA, JULIANA FAITH S. 20
OTANES, SAMANTHA ISABEL A. 19
PATUNGAN, LUISA L. 20
RAMAS, DIANA ROSS B. 19
RIGOR, SHANE MELISSA R. 20
SANTIAGO, ALTHEA SOFIA B. 18
SANTOS, JANEL E. 17
SIA, ALLYSA JERICA R. 20
SOBERANO, GABRIEL COLEEN V. 20
TAMBO, KEMBERLY B. 18
TOLENTINO, MARIA LEMURA J. 20
ZARAGOZA, CLOEY C. 17