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IO Communication Methods

The document outlines four I/O communication methods: Memory-Mapped I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA), Polling I/O, and Interrupt I/O. Each method has its own concept, advantages, disadvantages, and examples of use. These methods vary in complexity and efficiency, impacting CPU usage and memory management.

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Jis Paul
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80 views1 page

IO Communication Methods

The document outlines four I/O communication methods: Memory-Mapped I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA), Polling I/O, and Interrupt I/O. Each method has its own concept, advantages, disadvantages, and examples of use. These methods vary in complexity and efficiency, impacting CPU usage and memory management.

Uploaded by

Jis Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Four Different I/O Communication Methods

1. Memory-Mapped I/O

Concept: I/O devices are assigned specific memory addresses. The same instructions used for

memory (like MOV) are used to access I/O devices.

Advantage: No need for special I/O instructions; can use regular data movement instructions.

Disadvantage: Reduces usable memory space because I/O shares address space with memory.

Example: Reading a sensor value as if it were stored in a memory location.

2. Direct Memory Access (DMA)

Concept: A DMA controller handles data transfer between memory and an I/O device without CPU

involvement.

Advantage: Frees the CPU to perform other tasks during data transfer.

Disadvantage: Slightly complex to implement; CPU must wait if DMA is using the bus.

Example: Transferring a large file from disk to RAM.

3. Polling I/O

Concept: The CPU repeatedly checks (polls) each I/O device to see if it needs attention.

Advantage: Simple to implement.

Disadvantage: Wastes CPU time if devices are idle.

Example: Continuously checking a keyboard for a key press.

4. Interrupt I/O

Concept: I/O device sends an interrupt signal to the CPU when it needs service.

Advantage: Efficient; CPU only acts when needed.

Disadvantage: Slightly more complex, needs interrupt handling logic.

Example: A printer notifying the CPU when it's ready for the next page.

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