MODULE 2
What is the primary focus of the passage?
A) The decline of traditional manufacturing industries
B) The rapid development of technology and its implications
C) The benefits of new consumer products
D) The history of mobile phones and computers
Answer: B) The rapid development of technology and its implications
What does the passage suggest about the number of mobile phones in the United
Kingdom?
A) There are fewer mobile phones than citizens.
B) There are more registered mobile phones than citizens.
C) The number of mobile phones is declining.
D) Mobile phone usage is limited to first-world countries.
Answer: B) There are more registered mobile phones than citizens.
According to the passage, why has the volume of stored data been growing more
quickly?
A) Data is becoming more expensive to store.
B) The precision of data production has decreased.
C) Easier production and declining storage costs have led to more data being stored.
D) Data production has become more difficult and selective.
Answer: C) Easier production and declining storage costs have led to more data being
stored.
What does the passage say about obsolescence in technology?
A) It only occurs when technology physically wears out.
B) It is primarily caused by external factors, such as government decisions.
C) It can occur due to physical wear, external factors, or newer, more desirable devices.
D) It rarely affects modern devices like smartphones.
Answer: C) It can occur due to physical wear, external factors, or newer, more desirable
devices.
Why might the increase in energy requirements outstrip efficiency improvements in
technology, according to the passage?
A) The demand for processing power and memory is growing rapidly.
B) New technologies are less efficient than older ones.
C) Efficiency improvements are no longer possible.
D) Energy consumption is not considered in technological development.
Answer: A) The demand for processing power and memory is growing rapidly.
What is the final point the passage makes about emerging technologies?
A) They must deliver significant positive environmental benefits to maintain or improve
the environmental balance sheet.
B) They will inevitably lead to greater environmental harm.
C) They are unlikely to deliver any environmental benefits.
D) They are primarily focused on improving user experience rather than environmental
impact.
Answer: A) They must deliver significant positive environmental benefits to maintain or
improve the environmental balance sheet.
Which law is mentioned in the passage as having physical limits that may affect future
technological development?
A) Newton's Law
B) Ohm's Law
C) Moore's Law
D) Murphy's Law
Answer: C) Moore's Law
What does the passage imply about the future of technology after Moore's Law reaches
its limits?
A) Development will stop entirely.
B) Demand for new technologies will continue, even beyond the limits of Moore's Law.
C) Technological development will slow down significantly.
D) Quantum computing will replace all current technology.
Answer: B) Demand for new technologies will continue, even beyond the limits of
Moore's Law.
Why does the passage suggest that obsolescence can sometimes be due to external
factors?
A) Devices are intentionally designed to break down after a certain period.
B) Government decisions, such as reallocation of the spectrum, can render technology
obsolete.
C) Manufacturers stop producing parts for older devices.
D) External factors rarely contribute to obsolescence.
Answer: B) Government decisions, such as reallocation of the spectrum, can render
technology obsolete.
What is the passage's overall message about the relationship between technological
development and energy consumption?
A) Technological development will naturally lead to reduced energy consumption.
B) The increasing demand for computing power and memory will likely lead to greater
energy consumption.
C) Energy consumption is no longer a concern in modern technology.
D) Technological advances will solve all energy consumption issues.
Answer: B) The increasing demand for computing power and memory will likely lead to
greater energy consumption
What is the primary driver for the growth in the number of connected devices according
to the passage?
A) The emergence of entirely new technologies
B) The continued development of existing technologies
C) The decline in the cost of manufacturing devices
D) Government policies promoting technology use
Answer: B) The continued development of existing technologies
What is the expected trend for the number of smartphones in comparison to PCs?
A) Smartphones will remain fewer in number than PCs.
B) The number of smartphones will surpass the number of PCs.
C) The number of PCs will continue to dominate over smartphones.
D) PCs and smartphones will equalize in number.
Answer: B) The number of smartphones will surpass the number of PCs.
By 2020, how many Internet-connected devices are predicted to exist?
A) 1.78 billion
B) 10 billion
C) 50 billion
D) 100 billion
Answer: C) 50 billion
What is the main implication of the growth in Internet-connected devices for data
volume?
A) The volume of stored data will decrease due to better data management.
B) The volume of stored data will remain stable despite more devices.
C) The volume of stored data will increase significantly.
D) Data will become obsolete more quickly, reducing overall storage.
Answer: C) The volume of stored data will increase significantly.
According to the passage, what is a significant consequence of the widespread adoption
of cloud storage?
A) Data storage needs have decreased.
B) There is less need for data housekeeping or removal of redundant data.
C) Cloud storage has limited data storage capacity.
D) Cloud storage has made data management more complex and costly.
Answer: B) There is less need for data housekeeping or removal of redundant data.
What was the estimated power consumption trend for data centers between 2007 and
2012?
A) It decreased due to more efficient technologies.
B) It remained constant despite increased data storage.
C) It doubled between 2007 and 2011 and increased by 63% in 2012.
D) It decreased due to a reduction in the number of data centers.
Answer: C) It doubled between 2007 and 2011 and increased by 63% in 2012.
What does the passage say about the environmental impact of data centers by 2020?
A) It will decrease significantly.
B) Data centers will be responsible for a larger portion of total IT emissions.
C) Data centers will become more energy-efficient, reducing their impact.
D) The environmental impact will remain unchanged from 2007 levels.
Answer: B) Data centers will be responsible for a larger portion of total IT emissions.
How does the passage characterize the energy requirements for moving 1 zettabyte (ZB)
of data over the Internet, according to Coroama et al. (2013)?
A) 0.1 kWh per gigabyte (GB) in a best-case scenario
B) 0.2 kWh per GB in a worst-case scenario
C) 8 kWh per GB in a best-case scenario
D) 10 kWh per GB as an average estimate
Answer: B) 0.2 kWh per GB in a worst-case scenario
What does the passage suggest about the future of Internet connectivity in relation to the
Internet of things (IoT)?
A) It will slow down as fewer devices require connectivity.
B) It will contribute to a decrease in overall energy consumption.
C) It will drive significant growth in traffic and demand for raw materials.
D) It will only benefit high-tech industries.
Answer: C) It will drive significant growth in traffic and demand for raw materials.
What is the broader implication of increased connectivity and data generation for
environmental sustainability?
A) It will lead to reduced energy consumption overall.
B) It may undermine environmental sustainability unless managed carefully.
C) It will have no impact on the environment.
D) It will automatically improve environmental sustainability through technology.
Answer: B) It may undermine environmental sustainability unless managed carefully
What is the primary selling point for new consumer electronic products mentioned in the
passage?
A) Decreased size and weight
B) Increased functionality
C) Lower energy consumption
D) Longer battery life
Answer: B) Increased functionality
Why does higher camera resolution contribute to increased resource use?
A) It requires more storage and transfer capacity.
B) It allows for more efficient data compression.
C) It reduces the need for data processing.
D) It decreases the volume of data generated.
Answer: A) It requires more storage and transfer capacity.
Which of the following is a consequence of multifunction devices (MFDs)?
A) They always reduce the number of devices a person needs.
B) They eliminate the need for background processes.
C) They can lead to increased environmental impact due to unnecessary functionality.
D) They are universally accepted as the most efficient option.
Answer: C) They can lead to increased environmental impact due to unnecessary
functionality.
What problem might arise from combining multiple functions in a single device?
A) It always improves user satisfaction.
B) It can lead to compromises that result in user dissatisfaction.
C) It reduces the need for additional technology.
D) It eliminates the need for device synchronization.
Answer: B) It can lead to compromises that result in user dissatisfaction.
What is one reason some users carry more than one of the "same" device?
A) To avoid using any multifunctional devices
B) To separate their work and personal life
C) To reduce their overall device count
D) To improve energy efficiency
Answer: B) To separate their work and personal life
What historical example is used to illustrate changes in communication speed and
reliability?
A) Communication during World War II
B) A telephonic connection in the British Army in South Africa (1899-1902)
C) Early 20th-century postal services
D) The first transatlantic telegraph cable
Answer: B) A telephonic connection in the British Army in South Africa (1899-1902)
Which emerging trend is mentioned as requiring precise and accurate location
information?
A) Personal fitness tracking devices
B) Automated transport and driverless cars
C) Voice-activated assistants
D) Traditional paper maps
Answer: B) Automated transport and driverless cars
What is one method mentioned for increasing reliability in systems?
A) Using a single, high-performance component
B) Eliminating redundancy in system design
C) Implementing hot and cold standby units
D) Reducing the number of connected devices
Answer: C) Implementing hot and cold standby units
What is a likely consequence of the increasing demand for speed, reliability, and
accuracy in technology?
A) A decrease in the volume of resources needed
B) A reduction in the overall environmental impact
C) An increase in the volume of resources needed to support these demands
D) A stagnation in technological development
Answer: C) An increase in the volume of resources needed to support these demands
How do increased demands for speed and reliability in systems impact environmental
sustainability?
A) They typically reduce the energy requirements.
B) They have no impact on environmental sustainability.
C) They often increase resource consumption, potentially harming environmental
sustainability.
D) They automatically lead to a positive environmental impact.
Answer: C) They often increase resource consumption, potentially harming
environmental sustainability.
1. What is the primary focus of the IT industry?
o A) Financial growth
o B) Rapid change and innovation
o C) Maintaining legacy systems
o D) Reducing costs
Answer: B) Rapid change and innovation
o
2. What does backward compatibility refer to?
o A) New products being incompatible with old systems
o B) The ability of newer software and hardware to work with older versions
o C) The support of outdated technology
o D) A strategy to enhance user experience
Answer: B) The ability of newer software and hardware to work with older
versions
3. What happens to fully operational systems as technology evolves?
o A) They become more efficient
o B) They remain in use indefinitely
o C) They become obsolete before their lifespan expires
o D) They receive upgrades automatically
Answer: C) They become obsolete before their lifespan expires
4. Which operating system did Microsoft cease support for, exemplifying rapid
obsolescence?
o A) Windows Vista
o B) Windows 7
o C) Windows XP
o D) Windows 10
Answer: C) Windows XP
o
5. What is a likely consequence of discontinuing support for older operating systems?
o A) Users will upgrade their devices immediately
o B) Users will continue using unsupported systems indefinitely
o C) Accelerated obsolescence of devices
o D) Increased security for older systems
Answer: C) Accelerated obsolescence of devices
6. What was a driving force behind the UK’s decision to stop providing analog TV
signals?
o A) User demand for analog signals
o B) Manufacturer decisions
o C) Government policy
o D) Technological limitations
Answer: C) Government policy
7. What do set-top converter units allow users to do?
o A) Access new content
o B) Retain existing analog units
o C) Upgrade to newer TVs
o D) Eliminate the need for cable
Answer: B) Retain existing analog units
8. What does the term "greening of IT systems" refer to?
o A) Enhancing the aesthetics of technology
o B) Making technology more energy efficient
o C) Reducing the cost of IT services
o D) Increasing the use of natural resources
Answer: B) Making technology more energy efficient
9. What does the "other 90%" refer to in the context of IT and energy consumption?
o A) The remaining energy used by non-IT sectors
o B) The percentage of energy used by IT systems
o C) The inefficiencies of IT infrastructure
o D) The energy used by outdated technologies
Answer: A) The remaining energy used by non-IT sectors
10. What is one proposed method for calculating the resource required for a specific
activity?
o A) By conducting surveys
o B) By comparing energy consumption across industries
o C) By assessing the energy used in traditional versus IT-enabled operations
o D) By monitoring user behavior
Answer: C) By assessing the energy used in traditional versus IT-enabled
operations
11. What assumption is made when comparing a videoconference to an in-person
meeting?
o A) Videoconferences are less effective
o B) Videoconferences are more productive
o C) Both meetings require the same amount of energy
o D) Videoconferences are equally productive
Answer: D) Videoconferences are equally productive
12. What does the term "embedded energy" refer to?
o A) Energy used during the usage stage only
o B) The energy required to manufacture and operate a product
o C) Energy consumed by devices only
o D) Energy lost in the transportation of goods
Answer: B) The energy required to manufacture and operate a product
13. According to Raghavan and Ma (2014), what could be achieved by replacing 25% of
air journeys with videoconferences?
o A) Increased profits for airlines
o B) A reduction in aviation fuel consumption
o C) A decrease in the number of business meetings
o D) An increase in IT energy consumption
Answer: B) A reduction in aviation fuel consumption
14. What is an example of dematerialization in the supply chain?
o A) Traditional delivery methods
o B) Using drones for delivery
o C) 3-D printing replacement parts on-site
o D) Increasing vehicle sizes for transportation
Answer: C) 3-D printing replacement parts on-site
15. What is one advantage of remote diagnostics in maintenance?
o A) It increases downtime
o B) It allows engineers to diagnose problems without visiting the site
o C) It eliminates the need for trained engineers
o D) It reduces the need for spare parts
Answer: B) It allows engineers to diagnose problems without visiting the site
16. What impact has the rise of e-readers had on printed media?
o A) Increased sales of newspapers
o B) A decline in printed volumes
o C) No significant change
o D) Enhanced quality of printed media
Answer: B) A decline in printed volumes
o
17. What societal change might result from the shift to online shopping?
o A) The growth of local retail shops
o B) An increase in physical activity
o C) The disappearance of actual shops in towns and cities
o D) Improved customer service in stores
Answer: C) The disappearance of actual shops in towns and cities
18. How can IT positively influence travel and traffic management?
o A) By increasing the number of cars on the road
o B) Through better fuel efficiency and traffic control
o C) By promoting longer travel times
o D) By reducing public transportation options
Answer: B) Through better fuel efficiency and traffic control
o
19. What technology helps manage city-wide traffic?
o A) Basic traffic lights
o B) Automatic license plate recognition systems
o C) Manual traffic control
o D) Bicycle lanes
Answer: B) Automatic license plate recognition systems
20. What is the main purpose of smart meters?
o A) To increase energy consumption
o B) To provide real-time information on energy use
o C) To eliminate the need for energy companies
o D) To decrease customer interaction
Answer: B) To provide real-time information on energy use
21. What potential issue arises from the use of smart meters?
o A) Increased accuracy of readings
o B) Loss of customer control over energy consumption
o C) Higher energy bills
o D) Lower energy efficiency
Answer: B) Loss of customer control over energy consumption
22. What do Building Management Systems (BMS) control?
o A) Only lighting
o B) HVAC, lighting, and security systems
o C) The external environment
o D) User preferences only
Answer: B) HVAC, lighting, and security systems
o
23. How can BMS enhance security?
o A) By reducing energy consumption
o B) By monitoring room occupancy
o C) By improving comfort levels
o D) By managing heating and cooling systems
Answer: B) By monitoring room occupancy
24. What is a common response to reducing IT resource consumption?
o A) Individual actions have significant impacts
o B) Workplace campaigns can create measurable effects
o C) Deleting files has no impact on cloud servers
o D) Energy efficiency is solely dependent on legislation
Answer: B) Workplace campaigns can create measurable effects
25. What might be necessary for significant changes in IT resource use?
o A) Individual efforts
o B) Continuous user awareness
o C) Legislative action
o D) Increased technological advancement
Answer: C) Legislative action
26. What does the author suggest about the future demand for IT products?
o A) It will decrease significantly
o B) It will remain constant
o C) It is expected to continue increasing
o D) It will become irrelevant
Answer: C) It is expected to continue increasing
27. What is a pessimistic view of technological development?
o A) Continuous innovation
o B) Change before it's too late
o C) A business-as-usual approach until it's too late
o D) Active engagement in sustainability
Answer: C) A business-as-usual approach until it's too late
