MODULE 4

 What has globalization primarily led to in terms of economic growth?

 A) Increased unemployment
 B) Development of new opportunities
 C) Decreased competition
 D) Isolation of markets
Answer: B) Development of new opportunities

 What major consequence of globalization is highlighted in the text?

 A) Social media growth

 B) Negative impacts on the natural environment
 C) Increased trade tariffs
 D) Expansion of cultural diversity
Answer: B) Negative impacts on the natural environment

 Which technologies are mentioned as driving forces behind globalization?

 A) Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence

 B) World Wide Web and the Internet
 C) Robotics and Automation
 D) Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
Answer: B) World Wide Web and the Internet

 What is cloud computing primarily defined as?

 A) A system for personal data storage

 B) A model for enabling a shared pool of computing resources on demand
 C) A type of social media platform
 D) A digital marketing tool
Answer: B) A model for enabling a shared pool of computing resources on demand

 Which of the following is NOT a category of cloud computing mentioned in the text?

 A) Hardware as a Service (HaaS)

 B) Software as a Service (SaaS)
 C) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 D) Network as a Service (NaaS)
Answer: D) Network as a Service (NaaS)
 What is a key advantage of cloud technologies according to the text?

 A) They require high-quality equipment.

 B) They are difficult to use.
 C) They promote online collaboration.
 D) They increase energy consumption.
Answer: C) They promote online collaboration.

 Cloud computing is considered an example of what?

 A) Green IT
 B) Traditional IT
 C) Legacy Systems
 D) None of the above
Answer: A) Green IT

 What does the term "sustainability" refer to in the context of the text?

 A) Continuous economic growth

 B) Fair resource distribution between generations
 C) Limiting technological advancement
 D) Increasing population density
Answer: B) Fair resource distribution between generations

 What historical event in 1972 marked a significant conference on environmental

sustainability?

 A) The Kyoto Protocol

 B) The Rio de Janeiro Summit
 C) The Stockholm Conference for the Human Environment
 D) The Paris Agreement
Answer: C) The Stockholm Conference for the Human Environment

 According to the text, what must be realized to achieve environmental sustainability?

 A) Increased consumption of resources

 B) Fundamental changes in production
 C) Reduction of technological systems
 D) Increased regulation of industries
Answer: B) Fundamental changes in production
 What do Hekkert et al. (2007) emphasize regarding technological change?

 A) It is solely driven by government policies.

 B) It is influenced by competition among existing innovation systems.
 C) It is independent of market conditions.
 D) It relies on historical technologies.
Answer: B) It is influenced by competition among existing innovation systems.

 What do Cécile et al. (2002) suggest for sustainable development?

 A) Limiting the use of clean technologies

 B) Promoting technological diversity and long-term innovation capacity
 C) Reducing technological advancements
 D) Focusing on short-term technological solutions
Answer: B) Promoting technological diversity and long-term innovation capacity

 According to Watson et al. (2010), what is important in the development of IT for

environmental sustainability?

 A) A focus on management and policy formation

 B) Following a scientific approach
 C) Reducing technological investment
 D) Ignoring environmental impacts
Answer: B) Following a scientific approach

 What is the main challenge in using green cloud computing?

 A) Reducing hardware costs

 B) Minimizing energy use while satisfying quality of service requirements
 C) Increasing server capacity
 D) Improving user interface design
Answer: B) Minimizing energy use while satisfying quality of service requirements

 What negative effect can excessive power cycling of servers have?

 A) Increased server speed

 B) Enhanced service quality
 C) Reduced reliability of servers
 D) Improved data transfer rates
Answer: C) Reduced reliability of servers
 What issue arises from the dynamic nature of cloud environments?

 A) Increased user satisfaction

 B) Improved data management
 C) Interruption of energy affecting service quality
 D) Decreased server costs
Answer: C) Interruption of energy affecting service quality

 Why can virtual machines (VMs) have timekeeping problems?

 A) They operate faster than physical machines.

 B) They cannot accurately record the timing behavior of physical machines.
 C) They have no relation to physical machines.
 D) They are more reliable than physical machines.
Answer: B) They cannot accurately record the timing behavior of physical
machines.

 How does QoS-aware resource selection contribute to cloud computing?

 A) It increases hardware costs.

 B) It reduces energy efficiency.
 C) It enhances energy efficiency.
 D) It complicates resource management.
Answer: C) It enhances energy efficiency.

 What can result from VM migrations and nonoptimized allocation?

 A) Improved data security

 B) High data transfer costs
 C) Enhanced user experience
 D) Reduced energy consumption
Answer: B) High data transfer costs

 What is a suggested approach for users of green cloud computing technologies?

 A) Ignoring environmental issues

  B) Increasing energy consumption
 C) Becoming aware of how technology can address environmental problems
 D) Focusing solely on cost reduction
Answer: C) Becoming aware of how technology can address environmental
problems

 What do SLAs in cloud computing provide?

 A) Unlimited server capacity

 B) Replication of one application to multiple servers
 C) Automatic data backup
 D) Enhanced security protocols
Answer: B) Replication of one application to multiple servers

 What should cloud customers evaluate regarding SLAs?

 A) The number of applications available

 B) Parameters like data protection, outage, and price structure
 C) The physical location of servers
 D) The speed of data transfer
Answer: B) Parameters like data protection, outage, and price structure

 What is a challenge associated with cloud data management?

 A) Lack of data accumulation

 B) The reliance on cloud infrastructure providers for data security
 C) Easy VM migration
 D) High user engagement
Answer: B) The reliance on cloud infrastructure providers for data securit

 What is a major challenge with many public cloud systems?

 A) They are open and interoperable.

 B) They are closed and not designed to interact with each other.
 C) They are too flexible.
 D) They require no security measures.
Answer: B) They are closed and not designed to interact with each other.

 What initiative is the Open Grid Forum working on?

 A) Enhancing cloud security

 B) Creating industry standards for cloud interoperability
 C) Developing cloud gaming technologies
 D) Reducing cloud service costs
Answer: B) Creating industry standards for cloud interoperability.
 Why is identity management and authentication particularly significant for government
data?

 A) Governments rarely use cloud computing.

 B) The government has a simple structure.
 C) Governments have incorporated cloud computing into various departments and need
to secure dynamic environments.
 D) Identity management is only a concern for private companies.
Answer: C) Governments have incorporated cloud computing into various
departments and need to secure dynamic environments.

 What is grid computing?

 A) A method for increasing personal computing speed

 B) A form of distributed technology involving a virtual supercomputer
 C) A technique for cloud storage management
 D) A process for securing cloud data
Answer: B) A form of distributed technology involving a virtual supercomputer.

 What characterizes digital ecosystems?

 A) Centralized control and minimal scalability

 B) Self-organization, scalability, and sustainability
 C) Dependence on physical infrastructure
 D) High energy consumption
Answer: B) Self-organization, scalability, and sustainability.

 What does green computing promote?

 A) Increased hardware costs

 B) Efficient use of computing resources with a focus on societal values
 C) Reduced data security measures
 D) Less emphasis on profit
Answer: B) Efficient use of computing resources with a focus on societal values.

 What is green infrastructure defined as?

 A) The use of advanced technologies for cloud computing

 B) An abundance of landscape features contributing to human health
 C) The collection of data centers for cloud service
 D) A form of digital ecosystem
Answer: B) An abundance of landscape features contributing to human health.
 What does the green infrastructure framework (GIF) include?

 A) Only economic benefits

 B) Five functions including ecosystem services and human well-being
 C) Limitations on technological development
 D) A focus solely on biodiversity
Answer: B) Five functions including ecosystem services and human well-being.

 Which values does green computing respect for societal and organizational success?

 A) Cost, efficiency, and speed

 B) People, planet, and profit
 C) Technology, security, and innovation
 D) Resources, data, and time
Answer: B) People, planet, and profit.

 What is necessary for achieving social, economic, and environmental sustainability

according to the text?

 A) Enhanced technology costs

 B) Development of green infrastructure
 C) Increased complexity in government policies
 D) Decreased collaboration among organizations
Answer: B) Development of green infrastructure

 What does the cloud cube model enable?

 A) Individual cloud storage solutions

 B) Collaboration in cloud formations for specific business needs
 C) Increased hardware costs
 D) Reduced consumer engagement
Answer: B) Collaboration in cloud formations for specific business needs.

 What are the six main criteria of the hexagon model for business sustainability?

 A) Cost, time, security, innovation, popularity, and speed

 B) Consumers, investors, popularity, valuation, innovation, and getting the job done
(GTJD)
 C) Quality, efficiency, effectiveness, growth, market share, and customer satisfaction
 D) Technology, scalability, efficiency, security, user experience, and sustainability
Answer: B) Consumers, investors, popularity, valuation, innovation, and getting the
job done (GTJD).
 Who is responsible for the environmental and social performance of suppliers in a supply
chain?

 A) Consumers
 B) Government regulators
 C) Focal companies
 D) Third-party auditors
Answer: C) Focal companies.

 What is green supply chain management?

 A) The practice of reducing operational costs

 B) Integration of environmental thinking into supply chain management
 C) Focusing solely on supplier performance
 D) A method to increase product prices
Answer: B) Integration of environmental thinking into supply chain management.

 What category of research involves modifying the software development life cycle to
reduce environmental impacts?

 A) Environmental accounting systems

 B) Environmental reporting systems
 C) Green information systems
 D) Product design and innovation
Answer: C) Green information systems.

 How does cloud computing enhance competitiveness for small businesses?

 A) By increasing capital expenditures

 B) By providing quick access to large amounts of computing power
 C) By requiring large physical infrastructure
 D) By limiting technological access
Answer: B) By providing quick access to large amounts of computing power.

 What is a key benefit of cloud computing for third-world countries?

 A) Increased hardware costs

 B) Access to IT services that were previously unavailable
 C) Requirement for significant capital investment
 D) Limitation of technological development
Answer: B) Access to IT services that were previously unavailable.

 What type of expenditure does cloud computing eliminate for businesses?

 A) Operational expenditure (opex)

 B) Capital expenditure (capex)
  C) Marketing expenditure
 D) Research and development costs
Answer: B) Capital expenditure (capex).

 Which innovative applications can be realized through cloud computing?

 A) Static web pages and document editing

 B) Real-time, location-, environment-, and context-aware mobile interactive applications
 C) Manual data processing and offline software tools
 D) Traditional desktop applications
Answer: B) Real-time, location-, environment-, and context-aware mobile
interactive applications.

 What processing technique is mentioned as being facilitated by cloud computing?

 A) Slow batch processing

 B) Parallel batch processing for large data sets
 C) Single-threaded processing
 D) Manual data entry
Answer: B) Parallel batch processing for large data sets.

 What does the building information model (BIM) data representation provide for
construction projects?

 A) A 2-D layout of buildings

 B) A 4-D virtual repository of all project data, including 3-D models
 C) Basic construction plans only
 D) A budget analysis for construction projects
Answer: B) A 4-D virtual repository of all project data, including 3-D models.

 Which cloud computing platform is used in the development of the CloudBIM

prototype?

 A) Amazon Web Services

 B) Google Cloud Platform
 C) CometCloud
 D) Microsoft Azure
Answer: C) CometCloud.

 How does social networking contribute to social sustainability?

 A) By increasing advertising revenue

 B) By supporting sustainable development communities
 C) By limiting access to environmental information
 D) By promoting competition among users
Answer: B) By supporting sustainable development communities.
 What is the purpose of the Busan Smart+Connected Communities project?

 A) To improve the educational system

 B) To deliver social, economic, and environmental sustainability
 C) To reduce traffic congestion
 D) To create more shopping centers
Answer: B) To deliver social, economic, and environmental sustainability.

 Which US government agency has implemented cloud-based human resources

management applications?

 A) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

 B) General Services Administration (GSA)
 C) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
 D) Department of Defense (DoD)
Answer: B) General Services Administration (GSA).

 What project aims to provide virtual infrastructures for scientific research at the
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)?

 A) Nebula
 B) Cumulus
 C) Global Forest Watch
 D) Cumulonimbus
Answer: B) Cumulus.

 How does the Global Forest Watch tool analyze satellite images?

 A) Using a single computer for processing

 B) Through Google Earth Engine on a cloud platform
 C) By manual analysis of satellite images
 D) With traditional mapping techniques
Answer: B) Through Google Earth Engine on a cloud platform.

 What is the main goal of the Cloud Energy and Emissions Research Model (CLEER)?

 A) To develop cloud applications for mobile devices

 B) To assess the net energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of cloud
computing
 C) To promote the use of traditional computing systems
  D) To create a virtual reality experience for users
Answer: B) To assess the net energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of
cloud computing.

 Which technology does cloud computing use to save energy through virtualization?

 A) Physical server expansion

 B) Virtual machine consolidation and migration
 C) Manual server load balancing
 D) Increased hardware usage
Answer: B) Virtual machine consolidation and migration.

 What is the Eye on Earth system developed by the European Environment Agency
(EEA) used for?

 A) To promote tourism
 B) To share environmental information efficiently
 C) To collect user data for marketing
 D) To create environmental legislation
Answer: B) To share environmental information efficiently

 What is the primary goal of the US government's Climate Change Initiative?

 A) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions

 B) To help organizations and citizens use public data more efficiently for climate change
preparation
 C) To promote renewable energy sources
 D) To encourage wildlife conservation
Answer: B) To help organizations and citizens use public data more efficiently for
climate change preparation.

 How much cloud computing time has Google donated to the Climate Change Initiative?

 A) 25 million hours
 B) 50 million hours
 C) 100 million hours
 D) 1 million hours
Answer: B) 50 million hours.
 What does the Google Earth Engine primarily utilize to detect changes on Earth’s
surface?

 A) Ground surveys
 B) Local weather stations
 C) Satellite imagery
 D) Social media data
Answer: C) Satellite imagery.

 What is one application of the Google Earth Engine mentioned in the text?

 A) Mapping urban areas

 B) Developing global maps of deforestation
 C) Creating tourism guides
 D) Forecasting weather patterns
Answer: B) Developing global maps of deforestation.

 What technology does Alazawi et al. (2011) propose for use in emergency response
systems during natural disasters?

 A) Satellite communication
 B) Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs)
 C) Drones
 D) Social media platforms
Answer: B) Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs).

 What are the three main layers of the cloud-based vehicular emergency response
system?

 A) User interface, data storage, communication

 B) Cloud infrastructure, intelligence, and system interface
 C) Network layer, application layer, transport layer
 D) Hardware, software, and database
Answer: B) Cloud infrastructure, intelligence, and system interface.

 For environmental monitoring applications, what type of sensors might be used for water
monitoring?

 A) Temperature sensors
 B) Air quality sensors
 C) Water pH measurement sensors
 D) Soil moisture sensors
Answer: C) Water pH measurement sensors.
 What is the purpose of the remote terminal unit (RTU) in environmental monitoring
systems?

 A) To generate power for sensors

 B) To collect data from various types of sensors
 C) To display data to users
 D) To connect to social media
Answer: B) To collect data from various types of sensors.

 How can cloud computing benefit agricultural modernization in China?

 A) By reducing the number of farms

 B) By promoting traditional farming methods
 C) By establishing an information network services platform and integrating production
facilities
 D) By increasing the use of manual labor
Answer: C) By establishing an information network services platform and
integrating production facilities.

 What are some applications of cloud computing in agriculture as mentioned in the text?

 A) Real-time monitoring of agricultural production and tracking the quality of products

 B) Promoting traditional farming techniques
 C) Reducing crop yields
 D) Increasing the use of pesticides
Answer: A) Real-time monitoring of agricultural production and tracking the
quality of product

 Which of the following technologies is considered the foundation of cloud computing?

 A) Grid computing
 B) Virtualization
 C) Utility computing
 D) Autonomic computing
Answer: B) Virtualization.

 What is the primary characteristic of utility computing?

 A) Self-management of computers
 B) Pay-per-use model for computing services
 C) Application-to-application interaction
  D) Network of supercomputers
Answer: B) Pay-per-use model for computing services.

 In the context of sustainable cloud computing, what does autonomic computing refer to?

 A) The use of virtual servers

 B) Self-management capabilities of computers
 C) Utility-based pricing models
 D) Interconnected computing resources
Answer: B) Self-management capabilities of computers.

 What potential application of cloud computing in healthcare is mentioned?

 A) Reducing healthcare costs

 B) Real-time health monitoring
 C) Decreasing the need for medical professionals
 D) Automating patient diagnosis
Answer: B) Real-time health monitoring.

 What does the European Union envision for the future of cloud computing?

 A) The replacement of existing technologies

 B) The development of a global cloud ecosystem
 C) Increased government regulation
 D) Limited access to cloud resources
Answer: B) The development of a global cloud ecosystem.

 Which country is mentioned as spending significantly on green IT initiatives?

 A) United States
 B) Canada
 C) India
 D) Germany
Answer: C) India.

 How does cloud computing contribute to sustainability in small businesses?

 A) By reducing competition
 B) By providing access to large computing power
 C) By promoting traditional business models
 D) By increasing reliance on hardware
Answer: B) By providing access to large computing power.
 What is a significant concern regarding the energy efficiency of cloud computing?

 A) Limited access to cloud services

 B) Large file transmissions contributing to energy consumption
 C) Over-reliance on local servers
 D) Reduced server utilization
Answer: B) Large file transmissions contributing to energy consumption.

 What is the role of a "green broker" in the proposed green cloud framework?

 A) To sell cloud services directly to users

 B) To manage the selection of the greenest cloud provider for user requests
 C) To monitor user data storage
 D) To create software for cloud services
Answer: B) To manage the selection of the greenest cloud provider for user
requests.

 According to the text, what is one major application of cloud computing in

environmental research?

 A) Conducting physical experiments in laboratories

 B) Developing emergency response systems during natural disasters
 C) Replacing fieldwork with automated systems
 D) Analyzing traditional environmental practices
Answer: B) Developing emergency response systems during natural disasters.