PPL UNIT 5

Q.1) Interpret the terms multitasking, multiprocessing, and

multithreading in Java with example. [6 Marks]
Answer:

1. Multitasking

Multitasking means executing multiple tasks (programs) at the same time.

This is managed by the operating system, where CPU switches between tasks
quickly.

📌 Example : Listening to music while writing a document.

Java Relation: Java applications can run on multitasking OS.

✅ 2. Multiprocessing
Multiprocessing is the use of two or more processors (CPUs) to perform tasks
in parallel.
It increases performance and speed.

Example: Running multiple JVMs or Java programs on a dual-core CPU

simultaneously.

✅ 3. Multithreading
Multithreading is a Java feature that allows multiple threads (small tasks) to
run concurrently within a single program.

It improves performance by using CPU efficiently.

✅ Multithreading Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running");
}
}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
t1.start(); // runs thread
}
}

By: Aaryan Waghmare and Chat GPT

PPL UNIT 5
Q.2) Explain different ways to implement Threads in Java with
code example. [6 Marks]

Answer: A thread is a smallest unit of execution..

Two Main Ways to Implement Threads in Java:

1. By Extending Thread Class

 Create a class that extends Thread.

 Override the run() method.
 Start the thread using start().

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread using Thread class");
}
}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t = new MyThread();
t.start(); // starts the thread
}
}

2. By Implementing Runnable Interface

 Create a class that implements Runnable.

 Override the run() method.
 Pass the object to a Thread and call start().

Example:

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread using Runnable interface");
}
}

public class Test2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyRunnable r = new MyRunnable();
Thread t = new Thread(r);
t.start();
}}

By: Aaryan Waghmare and Chat GPT

PPL UNIT 5
Q.3) Explain isAlive() and join() methods in
multithreading with example. [8 Marks]

Answer:
1. isAlive() Method

🔹 Definition:The isAlive() method is used to check whether a thread is still running

or not.
It returns:

 true if the thread is active (alive)

 false if the thread has completed execution

🔹 Syntax: threadObject.isAlive();

Example of isAlive() Method:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running");
}
}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t = new MyThread();
t.start();

System.out.println("Is thread alive? " + t.isAlive());

}
}
Output:
Child Thread: 1
Child Thread: 2
Child Thread: 3
Main Thread continues..

2. join() Method

 🔹 Definition:The join() method is used to pause the execution of the current

thread until the specified thread has finished executing. Useful when multiple threads
depend on each other

🔹 Syntax: threadObject.join();

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PPL UNIT 5
✅ Example of join() Method:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Child thread running");

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws

InterruptedException {

MyThread t = new MyThread();

t.start();

t.join(); // Waits for t to finish

System.out.println("Main thread continues");

Output:

Child thread running

Main thread continues

Q.4) Explain life cycle of Thread model in Java. [6 Marks]

Answer:

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PPL UNIT 5
🔹 1. New State

 The thread is created using the Thread class.

 Example: Thread t = new Thread();

🔹 2. Runnable State

 After calling t.start(), the thread enters the Runnable state.

 It is ready to run but waiting for CPU time.

 When CPU picks the thread, it starts executing.

🔹 3. Waiting / Timed Waiting / Blocked States

These are temporary states where the thread is paused:

 Waiting:
→ Thread waits indefinitely for another thread to notify.
→ Example: wait()
 Timed Waiting:
→ Thread waits for a specific time.
→ Example: sleep(1000), join(500)
 Blocked:
→ Thread is waiting for a input from the user to be given.

🔹 4. Terminated State (Dead)

 The thread has completed execution or exited due to an error.

Q.5) Elaborate the terms getPriority() and

setPriority() methods with example. [6 Marks]
Answer: Thread Priority in Java:

In Java, each thread has a priority.

The JVM uses thread priority to decide which thread to run first (not
guaranteed, but hints to the scheduler).

By: Aaryan Waghmare and Chat GPT

PPL UNIT 5
1. setPriority(int n) Method

 Used to set the priority of a thread.

 Priority value must be between 1 (MIN) and 10 (MAX).
 Default priority is 5 (NORM_PRIORITY).

Syntax: thread.setPriority(7);

2. getPriority() Method

 Returns the priority of a thread.

Syntax: int p = thread.getPriority();

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Priority: " +
getPriority());
}
}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t = new MyThread();
t.setPriority(8); // set priority
t.start(); // prints: Priority: 8
}
}

Q.6) State the term thread synchronization. Explain how to

achieve thread synchronization in Java. [6 Marks]
Answer: Thread synchronization is a mechanism that ensures that only one thread can
access a shared resource (like a variable, method, or object) at a time.

It is used to prevent data inconsistency and race conditions in multithreaded programs.

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PPL UNIT 5
Java provides the synchronized keyword to achieve thread synchronization

🔹 1. Synchronized Method

class Table {
synchronized void print() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
System.out.println(i);
}
}

🔹 2. Synchronized Block

class Table {
void print() {
synchronized (this) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}

Example:

class Table {
synchronized void print() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
System.out.println(i);
}
}

class MyThread extends Thread {

Table t;
MyThread(Table t) { this.t = t; }
public void run() { t.print(); }
}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Table t = new Table();
new MyThread(t).start();
new MyThread(t).start();
}
}

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PPL UNIT 5
Q.7) Compare React.js, Angular.js, and Vue.js. Also state there
limitations and advantages.
Answer:
Feature React.js Angular.js Vue.js
Full framework
Lightweight
Type Library (only for UI) (handles
framework
everything)
Developed By Facebook Google Evan You
Learning Hard (many Easy and beginner-
Easy to medium
Curve concepts) friendly
Data Binding One-way Two-way Two-way
Fast (uses Virtual Slower in large Fast (Virtual DOM
Performance
DOM) apps used)
Size Small Large Very small
✅ Complete
✅ Reusable ✅ Simple syntax
solution
Advantages components
✅ Two-way
✅ Fast rendering ✅ Easy to integrate
binding
❌ Complex
❌ Only handles UI ❌ Smaller ecosystem
Limitations ❌ Heavy for
❌ JSX can confuse ❌ Less enterprise use
small apps

Q.8) List the features of JavaScript and write a JavaScript

program to display Welcome message. [6 Marks]
Answer: Features of JavaScript:
1. Lightweight & Fast – Runs directly in the browser.
2. Interpreted Language – No need for compilation.
3. Object-Based – Supports objects like window, document, etc.
4. Event-Driven – Responds to user actions like clicks, input, etc.
5. Client-Side Scripting – Runs on the user's browser, reducing server load.
6. Cross-platform – Works on all browsers and operating systems.

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PPL UNIT 5
JavaScript Program to Display Welcome Message:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script>
alert("Welcome to JavaScript!");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

When the page is opened in a browser, a popup alert box shows:

"Welcome to JavaScript!"

Q.9) Write a JavaScript program to develop a simple web

application? [9]

Answer:

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PPL UNIT 5
1. HTML Structure
o <!DOCTYPE html> declares HTML5 standard
o <head> contains metadata and CSS styling
o <body> holds visible content (heading, counter display, button)
2. JavaScript Logic
o let count = 0 initializes the counter
o onclick="increment()" attaches event handler
o increment() function updates both variable and DOM
3. Styling & Best Practices
o Basic CSS for visual appeal (centering, button styling)
o Semantic variable/function naming (count, increment())
o Proper DOM manipulation using getElementById

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