Mathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 1: Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the common difference and a, the nth term of the AP: a a n a, 7 3 8 -18 we 10 o . -3 18 =5 -189 25 = 36 35 0 105 € Answer 1: (i Here, a = 7, d = 3 andn = 8, so, putting the values in a, = a + (n — 1)d, we get: + (8-1) 7+21=28 )) Here, a = ~18, n = 10 and a, = 0, so, putting the values ina, = @ + (n ~ 1)d, we get: —18 + (10—1)d =318=9d >d=2 Here, d = ~3, n = 18 and a, = —5, so, putting the values in a, = a + (n ~ 1)d, we get: + (18 - 1)(-3) a-51 3a=46 (iv) Here, a = -18.9, d = 2.5 and a, = 3.6, putting the values in a, = a + (n — 1)d, we get: 3.6 = —18.9 + (n — 1)(2.5) > 36 =-18.9+25n—25 = 2.5n 6 + 21.4 5.0 =n=10 (v) Here, a = 35, d= 0 andn = 105, putting the values in a,, = a + (n —1)d, we get: 5 + (105 — 1)(0) 5+0=35 Question 2: Choose the correct choice in the following and justify: (i) 30 term of the AP. 10, 7, 4, .. is (a)97 (B)77 (@)-77 (D) -87 (ii) 11% term of the AP. -3, — 3 2s (a) 28 (B) 22 (c)-38 (D) -483 € Answer 2: (i Here, a = 10, d= 7-10 = -3andn = 30. ‘Therefore, putting the values in a, = a+ (n ~ 1)d, we get xq = 10 + (30 = 1)(-3) = a3) = 10-87 = =77 Hence, the option (C) is correct. (ii) Here, a = -3, d -(-3) ‘Therefore, putting the values in a, 5 a, =-3+(11-) @) ay, =-3+25=22 Hence, the option (B) is correct. a+(n—1)d, we getMathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 3: In the following APs, find the missing terms in the boxes: @2,_ 26 (i) _ 13, _ 5, 95 (wy) -4,_ 6 = re | € Answer 3: (0 Here, a = 2 and ay = 26. To find: a en that: a3 = a + (3— 1)d = 26 3 242d = 26 ad=12 Therefore, a, =a+(2-1)d=2+12=14 (ii) Here, a, Given that: 3. To find: a, and a, Bae) anda,=3 >a+3d=3 Putting the value of a from equation (1), we get 13-dt3d=3 2d Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a=13-(-5) =18 Therefore, a, = 18and a, + (3-1)d = 18 +2(-5) =8 Here, a = Sand a, = [Link] find: a, and as Given that: a, = a+ (4—1)d = 92 19 2543d=> 2 gt 2 Therefore, a, =a+d =5+2= 6 and a; =a+2d=5+42(3) (iv) Here, a = —4and a, = 6. Tofind: a,, a3, ay and as Given that: a, = a + (6 ~ 1)d = 6 =-4+5d=6 S5d=10 >d=2 Therefore, a, =a+d=—4+2=-2 a, =a+ 2d = —4+2(2) =0 a, = a+ 3d = -4+3(2)=2 a; =a+4d =—444(2) =4 (v) Here, a, = 38 and ay = ~22. To find: a, as, a, and as Given that: satd Putting the value of a from equation (1), we get 38-d+Sd=-22 3d=-15 Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a= 38-(-15) Therefore, a, =a = 53 a; =a+2d = 53 +2(-15) = 23 a, =a+3d = 53 +3(-15) =8 a; = a+ 4d = 53 +4(-15) = -7Mathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 4: Which term of the A.P.: 3, 8, 13, 18,... is 78? € Answer 4: Here,a = 3andd =8-3=5. Let, nth term of the A.P. is 78. ‘Therefore, d, = 78 Sat (n—1d=78 33+ (n-1)6)=78 3-6) =75 =an-1 >n=16 Hence, 16% term of the A. 3, 8, 13, 18,..is 78. Question 5: Find the number of terms in each of the following APs: () 7,13, 19,..., 205 18,155, 13, ..,—-47 € Answer 5: (i) Here, a = 7 and d = 13-7 =6. Let the total number of terms in the AP isn. Therefore, a, = 205 = a+ (n= 1)d = 205 37+ (1-1) = 205 2 (n= 16) = 198 =n-1 3 =n=34 Hence, there are 34 terms in the given AP. (ii) Here, a = 18 andd = 155-18 Let the total number of terms in the AP isn. Therefore, a, = —47 >a+(n—1)d=—47 218+:-0(-3)=-47 5 -0-0(-) =n-1=26 >n=27 Hence, there are 27 terms in the given AP. Question 6: Check whether ~ 150 is a term of the AP: 11, 8,5, 2. € Answer 6: Here, a = 11 andd =8-11=~3. Let, the nth term of the AP. is —150. Therefore, a, = —150 =at(n-1)d = —150 311+ (n-1)-3) = 11-3n+3 Here, n is not a natural number, therefore, ~150 is not the term of AP, 11, 8, 5, 2,Mathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 7: Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is 73. € Answer 7: Here, a1; = 38 and aye = 73. To find: ayy Given that: a,, = a + (11—1)d = 38 =at10d = 38 =a=38-10d anday,=73 >a+15d=73 Putting the value of a from equation (1), we get 38—10d + 15d = 73 =5d=35 =d=7 Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a = 38— 10(7) = —32 ‘Therefore, as; = a + 30d = —32 +30(7) = 178 Hence, the 31* term is 178. Question 8: An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29" term. € Answer 8: Here, ay = 12 and asp = 106. To find: a5 Given that: a, = a + (3 — 1). >at2d=12 >a=12-2d and dsp = 106 > a+ 49d = 106 Putting the value of @ from equation (1), we get 12-2d + 49d = 106 =47d=94 3d=2 Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a = 12 — 2(2) = 8 ‘Therefore, aay = a+ 28d = 8 + 28(2) = 64 Hence, the 29" term of the AP is 64. Question 9: Ifthe 3rd and the 9th terms of an AP are 4 and ~ 8 respectively, which term of this AP is zero? €. Answer 9: Here, a3 = 4 and dy = —8. To find: n, where dy = Given that: a; = a+(3—1)d=4 sat2d=4 sa=4-2d ~ CD) and ay = -8 >a+8d=-8 Putting the value of a from equation (1), we get 4-2d+8d=-8 >6d=-12 3d=-2 Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a=4-2(-2)=8 Putting the values in a,, = 0, we get: a, = a +(n—1)d =0 38+ (n-1)(-2)=0 Sn-1=4 3n=5 Hence, the St term of this AP is zero.Mathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 10: ‘The 17th term ofan AP exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference. € Answer 10 Let the first term = a and common difference = d According to question, a;7 = dig +7 =sati6d=a+9d+7 =7d=7 od Hence, the common difference is 1. Question 11: Which term of the AP: 3, 15, 27, 39 .... will be 132 more than its 54th term? €. Answer 11: First term = 3 and common difference = 15 ~ 3 = 12 Let the nth term of AP: 3, 15, 27, 39... will be 132 more than its 54th term. ‘Therefore, ay = dsy + 132 sat (n— 1d =a4+53d +132 3 (n—1)(12) = 53 x 12 +132 = (n— 1)(12) = 768 =n-1=— = 64 >n=65 Hence, 65** term of the AP: will be 132 more than its 54th term. Question 12: ‘Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th terms is 100, what is the difference between their 100th terms? € Answer 12: Let the first term of the first AP = A and the common difference = d Let the first term of the second AP = a and the common difference = d Difference between their 100 term = Aioo — @i99 = 100 = (A+ 99d)= (a + 99d) = 100 => A-a=100 Difference between their 1000 term = Aygo ~ 1000 = (A+ 999d) = (a+ 999d) =A-a=100 [v A=a= 100] Hence, the difference between their 1000th terms is 100. Question 13: How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7? € Answer 13: Three digit numbers divisible by 7: 105, 112, 119, ...,994 Let the total number of these numbers ben. Here,a = 105 andd = 112-105 =7. To find: n, where a, 994, Given that: a, = a+ (n—1)d = 994 = 105 +(n—1)(7) = 994 = 1(n- 1) = 889 > n- =n=128 Hence, there are 128 three digits numbers which are divisible by 7. 889 oy =Mathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 14: How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 2502 € Answer 14: Multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250: 12, 16, 20,...,248 Let the total number of multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250 be n. Here, a = 12 and d = 16-12 = 4. Tofind: n, where a, = 248. Given that: a, = a + (n— 1)d = 248 2 12+(n-1)4)=248 3 41-1) = 236 Sn-1=—-=59 3n=60 Hence, the total number of multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250 is 60. Question 15: For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs: 63, 65, 67... and 3, 10, 17... equal? € Answer 15: First term of first AP = A = 63 and common difference = D = 65 — 63 = Therefore, A, =A+(n—1)D > A, = 63+(n-1)2 First term of second AP = a = 3 and common difference = Therefore, a, =a+(n—1)d 3a, =3+(n-1)7 According to question, A, = dy, > 63+(n—-1)2=3+(M-1)7 = 63+2n-2=3+7n-7 3 65=5n >n=13 Hence, the 13% term of both the APs are equal. Question 16: Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the Sth term by 12. € Answer 16: Let the first term ofthe AP = a and common difference = d ‘Third term = 16 30;=16 3a+2d=16 @ 7th term exceeds the Sth term by 12, therefore a, = a5 + 12 Sat6d=a44d+12 = 2d=12 ad Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a + 2(6) = 16 sa=4 Hence, the AP. , atd, a+2d,..= 4,10, 16, . Question 17: Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP: 3, 8, 13...253. € Answer 17: ‘The 20th term from the last term of the AP: 3, 8, 13... 253 = the 20th term from the beginning of the AP: 253, .,13,8,3. In the AP.: 253, .., 13, 8,3, first term = 253 and common difference = 3 — 8 = —5 Therefore, az) = a+ 19d = dyy = 253 + 19(—5) = 253 — 95 = 158Mathematics ([Link]) (Chapter - 5) (Arithmetic Progressions) (Exercise 5.2) (Class X) Question 18: The sum ofthe 4th and 8th terms ofan AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 44. Find the first three terms of the AP. € Answer 18: Let the first term of the AP = a and common difference = d According to first condition, ay + ag = 24 > at3dtat7d=24 =2a+10d=24 >at+5d=12 =3a=12-Sd more) According to second condition, ag + aio = 44 =sat+Sd+at+9d=44 Slatidd=44 > at7d=22 Putting the value of a from equation (1), we get (12 — Sd) + 7d = 22 S2d=10 3d=5 Putting the value of d in equation (1), we get a = 12 — 5(5) = -13 The first three terms of this AP: a,a +d,a+2d = ~13,-8,—3. Question 19: Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of $5000 and received an increment of €200 each year. In which year did his income reach %7000? €. Answer 19: Starting salary = a = 25000 annual increment (common difference) = Let, after n years, his salary become 7000. ‘Therefore, a, = 7000 > a+ (n—1)d = 7000 = 5000 + (n — 1)(200) = 7000 = (n— 1)(200) = 2000 sn-1=10 Sn=11 Hence, in 11" year his salary become 27000. Question 20: Ramkali saved &5 in the first week of a year and then increased her weekly savings by 34.75. Ifin the nth week, her weekly savings become %20.75, find n. € Answer 20: Savings for the first week = a = &5 increment in savings = Let, her saving become %20.75 after n weeks. ‘Therefore, ay, = 20.75 a+ (n—1)d = 20.75 35+ (n—1)(1.75) = 20.75 > (n= 1175) = 15.75 1578 A 17 n= Hence, her saving become 20.75, after 10 weeks. = R175 =n-1