Designation: A307 − 10

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is

2
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied
requirements of three grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified
sizes 1⁄4 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by in the inquiry, order, and contract.
“Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows: 1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
Grade Description nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
Grade A Bolts and studs having a
minimum tensile strength of 2. Referenced Documents
60 ksi and intended for
general applications, 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
Grade B Bolts and studs having a A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
tensile strength of 60 to 100 A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed
ksi and intended for flanged
joints in piping systems with and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
cast iron flanges, and A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
Grade C Replaced by Specification
F1554 Gr.36
cal Analysis of Steel Products
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
1.1.1 The term studs includes stud stock, sometimes re- posited on Iron and Steel
ferred to as threaded rod. D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
1.2 This specification does not cover requirements for F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners. Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows: F1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and
105-ksi Yield Strength
Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleA
A 1⁄4 to 11⁄2 in. A, hex F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
A over 11⁄2 to 4 in. A, heavy hex F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
B, 1⁄4 to 4 in. A, heavy hex ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
A
Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci- Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
fication A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are also
suitable. 2.2 ASME Standards:
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads4
B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws4
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded B 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System5
as the standard.

3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, [Link], or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@[Link]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A307 – 07b. DOI: 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, [Link]
5
10.1520/A0307-10. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-307 in Section II of that Code. [Link].

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A307 − 10
2.3 SAE Standard:6 4.5.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-
J429 Mechanical and Material Requirements For Externally ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition process
Threaded Fasteners in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica-
tion B695.
3. Ordering Information 4.5.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may
furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with
3.1 Orders for externally threaded fasteners (including nuts
Specification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating
and accessories) under this specification shall include the
in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threaded
following:
components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
zinc-coating process and the supplier’s option is limited to one
3.1.2 Name of product, bolts or studs; and bolt head style, process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.
that is, hex or heavy hex,
3.1.3 Grade, that is, A, or B. If no grade is specified, Grade 5. Chemical Composition
A is furnished. 5.1 Grade A and B bolts and studs shall have a heat analysis
3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size including nuts), conforming to the requirements specified in Table 1 based on
3.1.5 Fastener size and length, the steel producer’s heat analysis.
3.1.6 Washers—Quantity and size (separate from bolts),
5.2 The purchaser shall have the option of conducting
3.1.7 Zinc Coating—Specify the zinc-coating process re-
product analyses on finished bolts in each lot, which shall
quired, for example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no
conform to the product analysis specified in Table 1.
preference (see 4.5).
3.1.8 Other Finishes—Specify other protective finish, if 5.3 In case of conflict or for referee purposes, the product
required. analysis shall take precedence.
3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re- 5.4 Bolts and studs are customarily furnished from stock, in
quired, which case individual heats of steel cannot be identified.
3.1.10 Specify if certified test report is required (see 8.2), 5.5 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele-
and nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not
3.1.11 Specify additional testing (8.3) or special require- be permitted for Grade B bolts and studs.
ments.
5.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance
3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
ASME B18.24.
6. Mechanical Properties
4. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall conform to the
4.1 Steel for bolts and studs shall be made by the open- hardness specified in Table 2.
hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process.
6.2 Grade A and B bolts and studs 1½ in. in diameter or less,
4.2 Bolts shall be produced by hot or cold forging of the other than those excepted in 6.4, shall be tested full size and
heads or machining from bar stock. shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength specified
4.3 Heat Treatment: in Table 3.
4.3.1 Cold headed fasteners with head configurations other 6.3 Grade A and B bolts and studs larger than 1½ in. in
than hex having a minimum head height less than or equal to diameter, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall preferably be
.5 D (D is nominal diameter) shall be stress relief annealed at tested full size and when equipment of sufficient capacity is
a minimum temperature of 875°F. available and shall conform to the requirements for tensile
4.3.2 Stress relieving of hex head fasteners and those with strength specified in Table 3. When equipment of sufficient
minimum head heights greater than .5 D shall be at the capacity for full-size bolt testing is not available, or when the
manufacturer’s option. length of the bolt makes full-size testing impractical, machined
specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the require-
4.4 Bolt and stud threads shall be rolled or cut.
ments specified in Table 4.
4.5 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:
4.5.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur- TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Grades A and B Bolts and
chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, for example hot Studs
dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference. Heat Analysis Product Analysis
4.5.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall be Carbon, max 0.29 0.33
Manganese, max 1.20 1.25
zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.041
requirements of Specification F2329. Sulfur, max
A
Grade A 0.15
Grade B 0.05 0.051
A
Resulfurized steel is not subject to rejection based on product analysis for
6
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, sulfur.
PA 15096-0001, [Link]

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 A307 − 10
TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Bolts and Studs TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Machined Specimens
A
Grade Length, in. Hardness Grade A Grade B
Brinell Rockwell B
min max min max Tensile strength, ksi 60 min 60–100
Yield point, min ksi ... ...
Elongation in 2 in., 18 18
min, %
A Less than 3 × diaB 121 241 69 100
3 × dia and longer ... 241 ... 100
B Less than 3 × diaB 121 212 69 95
3 × dia and longer ... 212 ... 95
A
As measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.
B
Also bolts with drilled or undersize heads. These sizes and bolts with modified 6.6 For bolts and studs on which both hardness and tension
heads shall meet the minimum and maximum hardness as hardness is the only
requirement.
tests are performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements
shall take precedence in the event that there is controversy over
low readings of hardness tests.
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements for Full-Size Bolts and Studs
Bolt Threads Stress Tensile Strength, lbfB 7. Dimensions
Size, per inch Area,A
in. in.2
Grade Grade B 7.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the Coarse
A, min C minD maxD Thread Series as specified in the latest issue of ASME B1.1,
and shall have a Class 2A tolerance.
⁄
14 20 0.0318 1 900 1 900 3 180
⁄
5 16 18 0.0524 3 100 3 100 5 240 7.2 Unless otherwise specified, Grade A bolts shall be hex
3⁄ 8 16 0.0775 4 650 4 650 7 750
7⁄16
bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of ASME
14 0.1063 6 350 6 350 10 630
B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, Grade B bolts shall be
⁄
12 13 0.1419 8 500 8 500 14 190 heavy hex bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of
⁄
9 16 12 0.182 11 000 11 000 18 200 ASME B18.2.1.
5⁄ 8 11 0.226 13 550 13 550 22 600
3⁄ 4 10 0.334 20 050 20 050 33 400 7.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be used
7⁄ 8 9 0.462 27 700 27 700 46 200
with nuts or tapped holes which have been tapped oversize, in
1 8 0.606 36 350 36 350 60 600 accordance with Specification A563, shall have Class 2A
1 1⁄ 8 7 0.763 45 800 45 800 76 300 threads before hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.
1 1⁄ 4 7 0.969 58 150 58 150 96 900
1 3⁄ 8 6 1.155 69 300 69 300 115 500
After zinc coating the maximum limit of pitch and major
diameter shall not exceed the Class 2A maximum limit by more
1 1⁄ 2 6 1.405 84 300 84 300 140 500 than the following amounts:
1 3⁄ 4 5 1.90 114 000 114 000 190 000
2 4½ 2.50 150 000 150 000 250 000 Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A
2 1⁄ 4 4½ 3.25 195 000 195 000 325 000 ⁄
14 0.016
5⁄16, 3⁄8 0.017
7⁄16, 1⁄2 0.018
2 1⁄ 2 4 4.00 240 000 240 000 400 000
9⁄16 to 3 ⁄4, incl 0.020
2 3⁄ 4 4 4.93 295 800 295 800 493 000
7⁄ 8 0.022
3 4 5.97 358 200 358 200 597 000
3 1⁄ 4 4 7.10 426 000 426 000 710 000 1.0 to 11⁄4, incl 0.024
1 3⁄ 8 , 1 1 ⁄2 0.027
3 1⁄ 2 4 8.33 499 800 499 800 833 000 13⁄4 to 4.0, incl 0.050
3 3⁄ 4 4 9.66 579 600 579 600 966 000 A
These values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts in
4 4 11.08 664 800 664 800 1 108 000 Specification A563.
A
Area calculated from the equation:
2
As = 0.7854 [D − (0.9743/n)]
where: 7.4 The gaging limit for bolts and studs shall be verified
during manufacture or use by assembly of a nut tapped as
As = stress area,
D = nominal diameter of bolt, and nearly as practical to the amount oversize shown above. In case
n = threads per inch. of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of that same size
B
(Class X tolerance, gage tolerance plus) shall be used. Assem-
1 lbf = 4.448 N.
C
Based on 60 ksi (414 MPa).
bly of the gage, or the nut described above, must be possible
D
Based on 60–100 ksi (414–690 MPa). with hand effort following application of light machine oil to
prevent galling and damage to the gage. These inspections,
when performed to resolve disputes, shall be performed at the
frequency and quality described in Table 5.
6.4 Grades A and B bolts and studs less than three diameters
in length or bolts with drilled or undersize heads are not subject 8. Number of Tests and Retests
to tensile tests. 8.1 The requirements of this specification shall be met in
6.5 In the event that bolts are tested by both full size and by continuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturer
machine test specimen methods, the full-size test shall govern shall make sample inspections to ensure that the product
if a controversy between the two methods exists. conforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests of

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 A307 − 10
TABLE 5 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers for Inspection 10.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
of Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc-Coated Threads free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s works that concern
Lot Size Sample SizeA Acceptance Number the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer
shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him
2 to 90 13 1
91 to 150 20 2
that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
151 to 280 32 3 specification. All tests and inspections required by the specifi-
281 to 500 50 5 cation that are requested by the purchaser’s representative shall
501 to 1 200 80 7
1 201 to 3 200 125 10
be made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to
3 201 to 10 000 200 14 interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
10 001 and over 315 21
A
Inspect all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the sample size.
11. Responsibility
11.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the
organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.
individual shipments of material are not ordinarily contem- 12. Rejection and Rehearing
plated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finished
product. 12.1 Disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accor-
dance with Guide F1470, specifically sections on disposition of
8.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall nonconforming lots, suppliers option, and purchasers option.
furnish a test report certified to be the last completed set of
mechanical tests for each stock size in each shipment. 13. Product Marking
8.3 When additional tests are specified on the purchase 13.1 Grades A and B Bolts and Studs:
order, a lot, for purposes of selecting test samples, shall consist 13.1.1 Bolt heads and one end of studs shall be marked with
of all material offered for inspection at one time that has the a unique identifier by the manufacturer to identify the manu-
following common characteristics: facturer or private label distributor, as appropriate. Additional
8.3.1 One type of item, marking required by the manufacturer for his own use shall be
8.3.2 One nominal size, and at the option of the manufacturer.
8.3.3 One nominal length of bolts and studs. 13.1.2 In addition to the requirements of 13.1, all bolt heads,
one end of studs " in. and larger, and whenever feasible studs
8.4 From each lot, the number of tests for each requirement
less than " in. shall be marked with a grade marking as
shall be as follows:
follows:
Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Samples
800 and under 1 Grade Marking
801 to 8 000 2 A 307A
8 001 to 22 000 3 B 307B
Over 22 000 5 13.1.3 All markings shall be located on the top of the bolt
8.5 If any machined test specimen shows defective machin- head or stud end and shall be raised or depressed at the option
ing it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted. of the manufacturer.
8.6 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of a 14. Packaging and Package Marking
specified test, double the number of samples from the same lot
shall be tested, in which case all of the additional samples shall 14.1 Packaging:
meet the specification. 14.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in
accordance with Practice D3951.
9. Test Methods 14.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,
they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
9.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall be tested in
accordance with Test Methods F606. 14.2 Package Marking:
14.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked
9.2 Standard square and hex head bolts only shall be tested
with the following information:
by the wedge tension method except as noted in 6.4. Fracture
[Link] ASTM designation and grade,
shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without any fracture
[Link] Size,
at the junction of the head and body. Other headed bolts shall
[Link] Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,
be tested by the axial tension method.
[Link] Number of pieces,
9.3 Speed of testing as determined with a free running [Link] Purchase order number,
crosshead shall be a maximum of 1 in./min for the tensile [Link] Country of origin.
strength tests of bolts.
15. Keywords
10. Inspection 15.1 bolts; carbon steel; steel; studs
10.1 If the inspection described in 10.2 is required by the
purchaser it shall be specified in the inquiry, order, or contract.

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 A307 − 10
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or
contract:

S1. Bolts Suitable for Welding S1.5.2 Carbon Equivalent (Source—Specification A706/
S1.1 The material described in this section is intended for A706M)—In addition to the heat chemical analysis require-
welding. This supplemental section, by additional chemical ments in S1.5.1, the heat analysis shall be such as to provide a
composition restrictions and by a carbon equivalent formula, carbon equivalent (CE) not exceeding 0.55 when calculated as
provides assurance of weldability by chemical composition follows:
control. % Mn % Cu % Ni % Cr % Mo % V
S1.2 Welding technique is of fundamental importance when CE 5 % C1 1 1 1 2 2
6 40 20 10 50 10
bolts produced to this supplementary section are welded. It is
presupposed that suitable welding procedures for the steel S1.6 Analysis Reports—If requested on the order or con-
being welded and the intended service will be selected. tract, the chemical composition of each heat of steel used and
S1.3 All of the requirements of this supplemental section the calculated carbon equivalent for each heat shall be reported
apply in addition to all of the chemical, mechanical, and other to the purchaser.
requirements of the base specification, Specification A307 for S1.7 Product (Check) Verification Analysis—Chemical
Grade B. analyses when made by the purchaser or a representative on
S1.4 Because of the embrittling effects of welding tempera- bolts from each heat of steel, shall not exceed the values
tures on cold-forged steel, this supplemental section is limited specified in S1.5.2 by more than the following amounts:
to hot-forged bolts, or, if not forged, then to bolts produced
%
from hot-rolled bars without forging or threaded bars, bars Carbon +0.03
studs, or stud bolts produced from hot-rolled bars without Manganese +0.06
forging. Cold-forged bolts, or cold-drawn threaded bars, if they Phosphorus +0.008
Sulfur +0.008
are given a thermal treatment by heating to a temperature of not Silicon +0.05
less than 1500°F (815°C) and air-cooled are also suitable.
S1.5 Chemical Requirements: S2. Permanent Manufacturer’s Identification
S1.5.1 Heat Chemical Analysis—Material conforming to
the following additional analysis limitations shall be used to S2.1 Replaced by Specification F1554.
manufacture the product described in this supplementary
requirement. S3. Permanent Grade Identification
Carbon 0.30 %, max S3.1 Replaced by Specification F1554.
Manganese 1.00 %, max
Phosphorus 0.04 %, max
Sulfur 0.05 %, max
Silicon 0.50 %, max

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A307–07b)
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) 4.3.1 was changed to designate that only head configura- (3) 4.3.2 adds that fasteners with head heights greater than
tions with minimum head heights less than or equal to one-half one-half the nominal diameter shall be stress relief annealed at
the nominal diameter shall be stress relief annealed. This the manufacturer’s option.
description includes all round head square neck bolts.
(2) 4.3.1 the minimum stress relief annealing temperature is
designated as 875° F to be consistent with SAE J429.

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 A307 − 10
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