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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a networking protocol that maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, facilitating communication within a local area network (LAN). It operates by broadcasting ARP requests to discover the MAC address associated with a given IP address, and includes different types such as ARP Request, ARP Reply, Reverse ARP, Gratuitous ARP, and Proxy ARP, each serving specific functionalities. ARP is essential in the OSI model's network layer, enabling devices to communicate effectively on a network.

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29 views3 pages

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a networking protocol that maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, facilitating communication within a local area network (LAN). It operates by broadcasting ARP requests to discover the MAC address associated with a given IP address, and includes different types such as ARP Request, ARP Reply, Reverse ARP, Gratuitous ARP, and Proxy ARP, each serving specific functionalities. ARP is essential in the OSI model's network layer, enabling devices to communicate effectively on a network.

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ipstindia
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ARP( Address Resolution Protocol )

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol


used in networking. It is responsible for discovering the link layer
address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given internet
layer address, typically an IPv4 address. Here are some key points
about ARP:

 ARP is used to map a dynamic IP address to a permanent


physical machine address in a local area network (LAN).
 It facilitates communication between devices connected to a
network by translating between a computer's MAC address and
IP address(es).
 ARP works by broadcasting an ARP request onto the network
with the IP address for which it needs to find the corresponding
MAC address.
 The device with the matching IP address responds with its MAC
address, allowing the sender to establish a connection.
 ARP is an important protocol in the OSI model's network layer
and plays a crucial role in enabling communication between
devices on a network.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) has different types and


functionalities that serve various purposes in networking. Here are
the commonly known ARP types and their functionalities:

1. ARP Request:
 Functionality: An ARP Request is used to obtain the MAC
address associated with a specific IP address.
 When a device wants to send a packet to another device on the
same network, but it only knows the target's IP address, it sends
an ARP Request packet to the network.
 The ARP Request broadcast contains the sender's MAC and IP
addresses, as well as the target IP address for which it needs
the corresponding MAC address.
 The device with the matching IP address responds with an ARP
Reply.

2. ARP Reply:
 Functionality: An ARP Reply is sent in response to an ARP
Request.
 When a device receives an ARP Request for its IP address, it
replies with an ARP Reply packet containing its MAC address.
 The sender of the ARP Request then updates its ARP cache with
the received MAC address, enabling future communication with
the target device.

3. Reverse ARP (RARP):


 Functionality: Reverse ARP is used to obtain an IP address
based on a MAC address.
 In diskless systems, where a device doesn't have a configured
IP address, it can send a RARP Request packet containing its
MAC address to a RARP server.
 The RARP server responds with an IP address corresponding to
the MAC address, allowing the device to configure its network
settings.

4. Gratuitous ARP:
 Functionality: A Gratuitous ARP is an unsolicited ARP message
sent by a device to update or announce its IP-to-MAC mapping.
 It helps to detect IP address conflicts on a network and update
ARP caches in other devices.
 When a device comes online or changes its IP address, it can
send a Gratuitous ARP packet to inform other devices about the
new mapping.

5. Proxy ARP:
 Functionality: Proxy ARP is used by a router to respond to ARP
requests on behalf of devices in another network.
 When a device wants to send a packet to a destination IP
address outside of its network, it sends an ARP Request for the
MAC address of the default gateway.
 The router, acting as a Proxy ARP server, responds with its MAC
address, allowing the device to send packets to the router for
further routing.

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