<!
doctype>
<html>
<head>
<title>INFORMATION AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY</TITLE>
</head>
<body>
<h2 align=right> <p style="color:red">Chapter 1</h2>
<h1 align=center> <p style="color:blue">Computer and its Components</h1>
<h2> <p style="color:orange">Learning Objectives</h2>
<h3>By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to:</h3>
•List five computer applications which are used on the daily basis. <br>
• Identify the different Input / Output devices.<br>
• Describe the process of changing data from input to output (The IPO
cycle).<br>
• Explain the connectivity of devices through different kinds of ports.<br>
• Differentiate between primary and secondary memory<br>.
• State the purpose of different softwares.<br>
• Tabulate the difference between different types of computers according to
their size and
processing capabilities.<br>
<h2> <p style="color:green">INTRODUCTION</h2>
The computer is just a dead collection of plastic, silicon and metal until you
press the
‘Power’ button. One little burst of electricity and it starts a string of events
that puts life
and power into the machine. But, even at this stage, the computer is unaware of the
potential that it holds within itself. The computer, today, is a fundamental part
of the
information age.<br>
Initially, computers were developed to perform mathematical operations, but later
on, they
were used to store the result of those operations, which with the time leads to the
storage
of other data or information.<br>
As we are talking about data and information, now we will learn what data is and
what
is called as information? <br>
Data is a collection of unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols. <br>
e.g. Ram, age, 32, years, old <br>
Information is a processed form of data. It is organized, meaningful, and useful.
<br>
e.g. Ram is 32 years old. Or Ram’s age is 3 <br>
A computer can be defined as an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as
input
from the user. It uses a set of instructions (called program) to process the data
and give
the result (output). The result can be used immediately or saved for future
use.<br>
<h2> <p style="color:green">1. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE </h2>
In the process of converting data to information, a computer uses hardware and
software.
At the simplest level, all computers consist of these two basic components; the
hardware
and the software.<br>
Hardware is any part of the computer that has a physical structure that can be seen
and
touched, though some may be so tiny that they are invisible to the naked eye.<br>
Software is the instruction set that tells the computer how to perform tasks.
Software is
intangible i.e., that cannot be seen and touched, but its effect is clearly
defined.<br>
Input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communication
devices
are all components of computer hardware.<br>
<h4><p style="color:orange">v1.1 Hardware components are classified into following
categories</h4>
<h4> <p style="color:purple">I. Input Devices </h4>
Input devices are the devices that allow a user to enter data and instructions into
a
computer such as keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, trackball, joystick,
graphics
tablet and digital camera.<br>
The various functions of input devices are:
❖ They accept data and instructions from the user.<br>
❖ They convert these instructions and data from human readable form to machine
readable form.<br>
❖ They supply the converted instructions and data to the CPU for further
processing.<br>
<h2> <p style="color:purple">II. Output Devices</h2>
Output devices are used to display the result or information to the user through
monitor
or VDUs, LCDs, printers, plotters and speakers.
Functions of output devices can be summed up as follows:
❖ It accepts the results produced by the computer which is in the coded form or
machine
readable form.
❖ It converts these coded results into human readable form.
❖ It supplies the converted results to the user.
Monitor or VDU Printers Plotters Speaker
III. Storage devices
Storage devices are the devices which are used to retrieved from and saved to the
data
and information such as hard drives, memory sticks (pen drives), compact discs,
DVDs
and tape drives.
Mouse
Trackball
Keyboard
Joystick
Microphone
Graphics Tablet
Scanner
Digital Camera
4 Information and Computer Technology
1. Floppy disks were developed in late 1960s. A floppy disk is made up
of a circular thin plastic jacket coated with magnetic material. Its outer
cover which is a hard plastic protects this plastic disk. It can hold 1.44
MB data. Nowadays, these disks are outdated.
2. Hard Disk is made up of a metal disk and coated with a
metal oxide used to store bulk of data. These disks can store
more information than floppy disks, up to tens or hundreds
of gigabytes.
Cover Mounting Holes
(Cover not shown)
Case Mounting Holes
Ribbon Cable (attaches
heads to Logic Board)
Platters
Power Connector
Base Casting
Spindle
Slider (and Head)
Actuator Arm
Actuator Axis
Actuator
SCSI Interface Connector
Jumper
Jumper Pins
3. Compact Disk – Read Only Memory or CD-ROM is a read only or read-write disk.
It can store large amount of data which can be distributed to large number of
users.
It is inexpensive and fast, but its access time is longer than that of magnetic
disk.
There are two types of CDs: CD-R and CD-RW.
CD-R stands for Compact Disk – Recordable which can store 700
MB of data, but only once.
CD-RW stands for Compact Disk – ReWriteable which can read,
write and erase data as many times.
4. DVD, short for Digital Versatile Disc, is an optical storage disc similar
to CD-ROM, as this is double sided with dual layer disc and can hold
4.7 GB of data.
5. Blue-Ray Disks are used to store more than 25 GB of data with a very high speed
in less amount of time. A single layer of BD can store 13 hours of video where as
double layer BD can store more than 20 hours of video.
Computer and its Components 5
6. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. It is a portable memory device
which is used to store data that needs to be transferred to the other
device using USB port of the system.
7. Memory Card or flash memory card is a memory device. It is used as
an easy, fast and reliable medium to store and transfer data from one
device to the other. It is used in digital cameras, game consoles, mobile
phones etc.
1.2. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The system unit is the box that protects the internal electronic components from
damage.
It contains the central processing unit (CPU) and memory. The CPU interprets and
carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. Memory is where data
and
instructions are held.
The heart of the computer system is the processor unit. It consists of the
Arithmetic and
Logic Unit (ALU) which executes most computer operations (arithmetic and logical)
and the Control Unit which acts as the nerve centre that sends control signal to
all other
units.
The control unit and ALU are usually many times faster than other devices connected
to a
computer system. This enables a single processor to control a number of external
devices
such as video terminals, magnetic tapes, disk memories, sensors, displays and
mechanical
controllers, since they are much slower than the processor.
1.3. Memory
There are two categories of memory, primary memory and secondary memory (or
external
memory).
Primary Memory is very fast as data and programs must be in the primary memory for
execution. Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM) are both
primary memory.
Random Access Memory refers to memory that can be selected and used randomly. The
information stored here disappears the very moment the machine is turned off. It is
also
referred to as volatile memory.
Read Only Memory is permanently built into the computer at the time of production.
The information from this memory can only be read and it is not possible to write
fresh
6 Information and Computer Technology
information into it. It permanently stores a set of instructions which instructs
the computer
how to work. After we switch on the computer, it uses instructions stored here to
carry
out a series of tasks automatically, before we can actually use the computer.
Secondary Memory or Auxiliary Memory: The content on the RAM is erased when
electric power is switched off. So, it becomes necessary to store this data for
future use,
somewhere else. Since, primary storage is expensive too; we need a relatively
cheaper
form of backup storage which can store vast quantities of information. Thus,
Secondary
Memory devices become an important part of the computer.
1.3.1 Units of Memory
Memory, storage, files and folder sizes are all measured in bytes. Computers work
in
the base 2 system, also called binary number system, using only the digits 0 and 1.
A
single numeric value using either 0 or 1 is called a bit. A sequence of ‘bits’ make
a byte.
Usually eight bits make a byte (sometimes it could be sixteen, thirty two or even
sixty
four). Bits are grouped into bytes to increase the efficiency of the computer. To
describe
large capacities, the terms Kilobyte (KB), megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), terabyte
(TB)
and Petabyte (PB) are used.
1 nibble = 4 bits 1 byte = 8 bits
1 KB = 1024 bytes 1 MB = 1024 KB
1 GB = 1024 MB 1 TB = 1024 GB
1 PB = 1024 TB
2. Software
A computer system’s hardware must have software to function. There are two primary
types of softwares: Application software and Systems software.
Application System
General Purpose Tailor made or Operating System
Customised
Utility Software
Software
Computer and its Components 7
2.1 Application software
It includes programs that direct the computer to carry out specific tasks. Often,
multiple
programs are integrated to create an application. For example: To write error free
documents, Word Processors are used such as OpenOffice.org Writer, MS Word etc. For
calculations, Spreadsheets are used such as OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet, Ms Excel
etc. For
making presentations, Presentation Softwares are used such as OpenOffice.org
Impress,
MS PowerPoint etc. For designing images, Desktop publishing softwares are used such
as
Gimp, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, Picasa etc.
Whereas, at the same time, there are application softwares that are created to
address
specific needs of a group of specialized users and are, therefore, known as
tailored or
customized software to perform the required tasks in a specific manner. There are
many
packaged softwares available, addressing specific needs of small or big groups of
users.
You have a ‘Tally’ or a ‘QuickBooks’ to address a small businessman’s accounting
needs,
but it can also serve a large multinational company.
2.2 System software
System software includes the programs that enable the computer’s hardware to work
with
and run the application software. System software is the interface between user and
the
other programs and the computer’s hardware.
2.2.1 There are two categories of system software: operating systems and
system utilities.
The operating system, also referred to as the OS, is a computer program that
manages all
the other programs on your computer, stores files in an organized manner, and
coordinates
the use of the computer hardware such as the keyboard and mouse. The operating
system
frees one from having to interact directly with the hardware— other than clicking
the
mouse button or pressing keys on the keyboard— to complete tasks.
Utility software is a form of system software. It is used to analyze, configure,
optimize or
maintain the computer. This software performs all the housekeeping functions.
The utility softwares are categorised into the following categories:
1. Text Editors facilitate the creation of flawless text documents. WordPad and
Notepad
are the commonly used text editors.
2. Compression Utilities are used to compress the selected files. It helps to save
the
space on the disk and to transfer heavy files on a network.
8 Information and Computer Technology
3. Disk Fragmentation utility helps the user to arrange used and free space on the
hard
disk which in turn increases the processing speed of the disk.
4. Scan Disk utility checks for the problems on the hard disk such as bad sectors,
viruses
etc.
5. Encryption or Decryption utility is used to hide the data for secured
transmission.
At the source, data is encrypted and at the destination device, data is decrypted
to
reveal the original message. Decryption requires a secret key or password.
3. Computers Characteristics
Speed: A computer computes problems much faster than a human being.
Accuracy: With the high computation speed, computers are able to produce accurate
results. If the input is valid, only then correct output will be produced as
computers follows
GIGO i.e. Garbage In Garbage Out principle.
No IQ: It is programmed to carry out tasks and performs exactly as instructed,
since it
has no intelligence of its own.
Diligence: It can carry out tasks over and over again with exactly the same result
every
time, and it does so without tiring.
Data Storage: Using different kinds of storage devices, it can store huge
quantities of data
over long periods of time.
No Heuristics: As computer is a dumb machine, thus it never ever learns from its
past
experiences.
4. Generations of Computers
The first electronic computer was designed and built at the University of
Pennsylvania
based on vacuum tube technology.
Computers have been divided into five generations according to the development of
technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
❖ I Generation (1945 – 55) Bulky, vacuum based and costly, used assembly language
which was translated to machine level language for execution. These computers
were used mainly for scientific calculations. Examples: ENIAC, EDSAC, EDVAC,
UNIVAC.
Computer and its Components 9
❖ II Generation (1955 – 65) Smaller than vacuum based computers, but better
performance-wise, used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. High level languages
such as FORTRAN and COBOL were used. Punched cards continued to be used
during this period. Computers, then, were used increasingly in business, industry
and commercial organizations. Examples: IBM 7030, Honeywell 400.
❖ III Generation (1965 – 75) Small Scale Integration and Medium Scale Integration
technology were implemented in CPU, I/O processors etc. Faster processors with
magnetic core memories that were later replaced by RAM and ROM. This is when
microprogramming was introduced as were operating system software. Database
management, multi-user application, online systems like closed loop process
control,
airline reservation, interactive query systems, automatic industrial control, etc.
emerged during this period. Examples: System 360 Mainframe from IBM, PDP-8
Mini Computer from Digital Equipment Corporation.
❖ IV Generation (1975 – 89) Microprocessors were introduced where complete
processors and large section of main memory could be implemented in a single
chip. CRT screen, laser & ink jet printers, scanners etc. were developed and so
were
LAN and WANS. C and UNIX were used. Examples: Intel’s 8088,80286,80386,80486
.., Motorola’s 68000, 68030, 68040, Apple II, CRAY I/2/X/MP etc.
❖ V Generation: 1989 to present Computers use extensive parallel processing,
multiple
pipelines, multiple processors etc. Portable notebook computers introduced. They
also started using object oriented languages such as JAVA. Quantum mechanism
and nanotechnology available here will radically change computers for all times.
Examples: IBM notebooks, Pentium PCs-Pentium 1/2/3/4/Dual core/Quad core. SUN
work stations, Origin 2000, PARAM 10000, IBM SP/2.
5. Categories of Computers
Computers are classified into many categories depending upon their size,
functioning and
processing capabilities.
5.1 According to how it functions, computers can be classified into three
categories
Analog: According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, computers in which
continuously
variable physical quantities, such as electrical potential, fluid pressure, or
mechanical
motion, are used to represent (analogously) the quantities in the problem to be
solved
are called analog computers.
10 Information and Computer Technology
Digital: These computers deal with data in the form of numbers. They mainly operate
by
counting and performing arithmetic & logical operations on numeric data. Such
computers
are ‘many problems’ oriented.
Hybrid: Digital computers could not deal with very large numbers and so, a computer
with characteristics of both analog and digital was created which was known as
Hybrid
computer.
5.2 According to the size, computers are classified into the following
categories
Palmtop, better known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), are small, lightweight
and
tightly integrated computers which usually do not have keyboards but rely on touch
screen
technology for user-input.
Laptops and Notebooks are portable computers. They include a battery that provides
electrical backup for a period of time.
Personal computer (PC) is small in size and is designed for general use by a single
person.
Desktop computer is typically set up in a permanent location and is a PC that is
not portable.
A desktop computer is a PC built for high performance and heavy workload. It helps
in
faster rendering of complex graphics, provides power for computer intensive
applications
and memory for large tasks. They are more reliable and have less downtime.
Micro-computers came into being with the invention of the micro-processor. They are
not so expensive. The personal computer is a micro-computer.
Mini computers provide more power than micro computers in terms of speed and
storage capacity. They are also less expensive. Their performance is also lower
than that
of mainframes.
Mainframe computers can also process data at very high speeds, but less than that
of
super computers. Normally, they are used in banking, airlines and railways etc. for
their
applications.
Computer and its Components 11
A supercomputer is the fastest type of computer. They are employed for specialized
applications that require large amounts of mathematical calculations. A
supercomputer
channels all its power into executing a few programs at great speed, whereas a
mainframe
uses its power to execute many programs at the same time. These computers are used
to solve problems involving quantum mechanical physics, weather forecasting,
climate
research, molecular modelling such as computing the structures and properties of
chemical
compounds, simulations, cryptanalysis, and many others.
6. Applications of Computers
Computers are used in almost all walks of life today. In medicine and health care,
in
education and business, in the manufacturing and service industries, for science
and
research; computers are the most important tool used by human beings.
7. Input → Process → Output (IPO)
Input-Process-Output cycle or IPO refers to the stages that a set of instructions
undergo
to achieve the desired result. The computer is not a magic box where things get
done
automatically. The information, through various input devices, is fed into the
system to be
processed by the CPU. The information is then received as output in the desired
format
and presented in human readable form.
Diagram of a computer of IPO
e.g. To make a Cup of Tea:
Input Output
Process (CPU)
Memory
Take Ingredients:
Water, Sugar, Tea Leaves,
Milk
Boil all the ingredients in
a bowl & filter it Tea is ready to serve
Input Process Output
12 Information and Computer Technology
8. COMPUTER PORTS AND CABLES
8.1 PS/2 Ports
The PS/2 Ports are simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial connections
commonly used to connect a keyboard and mouse. If you select
to use a USB keyboard and mouse, you can disable the PS/2 ports
in the system’s CMOS setup and free the PS/2 system resources
for other devices.
8.2 VGA Monitor Port
Video Graphics Array is used to connect the monitor to the
computer. VGA offers images at higher resolutions. The standard
VGA can produce as many as 256 colors at a time from a palette
of 262,144 colors. The original VGA, though, had to be at a
320x400 resolution to display this amount of color. At the standard
640x480 resolution, it was only capable of 16 colors at a time.
It uses color summing to translate color graphics into graphics
using 64 different shades of grey. This, in effect, simulates color
on a monochrome monitor. VGA requires a VGA monitor, or
one capable of accepting the analog output of a VGA card.
8.3 Parallel Port
Printers and other devices are said to be either parallel or serial.
Parallel means the device is capable of receiving more than one
bit at a time (that is, it receives several bits in parallel). Most
modern printers are parallel.
8.4 Ethernet Port
There is a built in Ethernet port on most computers to
connect it to a wired network. Ethernet ports are also
found on all popular broadband routers.
Computer and its Components 13
8.5 S-Video Port
Short for Super-Video, a technology for transmitting video
signals over a cable by dividing the video information into
two separate signals: one for color (chrominance), and the
other for brightness (luminance). When sent to a television,
this produces sharper images than composite video, where
the video information is transmitted as a single signal over
one wire. This is because televisions are designed to display
separate Luminance (Y) and Chrominance (C) signals. (The
terms Y/C video and S-Video are the same.)
Computer monitors, on the other hand, are designed for RGB signals. Most digital
video
devices, such as digital cameras and game machines, produce video in RGB format.
Therefore, the images look best when output is on a computer monitor. When output
is
on a television, however, they look better in S-Video format than in composite
format.
To use S-Video, the device sending the signals must support S-Video output and the
device
receiving the signals must have an S-Video input jack. Then, you need a special S-
Video
cable to connect the two devices.
8.6 USB Port
Universal Serial Bus, a protocol for transferring data to and
from digital devices. Many digital cameras and memory
card readers connect to the USB port on a computer. USB
card readers are typically faster than cameras or readers
that connect to the serial port, but slower than those that
connect via FireWire which is an external bus standard that
supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. A single USB port
can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices, such
as mouse, modems, and keyboards. USB also supports Plug-and-Play installation and
hot
plugging.
8.7 FireWire IEEE 1394 Port
FireWire is a cabling technology for transferring data to and
from digital devices at high speeds. Some professional digital
cameras and memory card readers connect to the computer
over FireWire. FireWire card readers are typically faster than
14 Information and Computer Technology
those that connect via USB. Also known as IEEE 1394, FireWire was invented by Apple
Computer, but is now commonly used with Windows-based PCs as well.
8.8 Mini Audio Jack
Audio connectors are used to affix cables to other audio
equipment, providing electronic signal transference and
grounding protection. Connectors may be plugs, jacks, or
combinations, and may have an integral switch. Plug type
audio connectors are a plug, or male, connector includes pins
that can be inserted into a socket. Jack type audio connectors
are a jack, or female, connector consists of sockets that are
aligned to mesh with a pin-type connector. Combination
plug and jack connectors are also available.
Summary
1. Data is a collection of unprocessed facts, figures and symbols.
2. Information is a data that is organised, meaningful and useful. It helps in
decision making
processes.
3. Hardware refers to the components that can be seen or touched. It comprises of
input devices,
output devices, system units, storage devices and a communication devices.
4. Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer to perform the task.
5. Primary memory helps in the fast execution of the program and it compromises of
RAM
and ROM.
6. Secondary memory is also known as Auxiliary Memory. It helps to store the data
permanently
using available storage devices such as Hard Disk, DVD, USB, etc.
7. Operating system is a computer program that manages all other programs stored on
the
computer.
8. IPO refers to input-process-output cycle which is followed by the computer
system to achieve
the desired result.
9. Most keyboards attach to the PC via PS/2 connector or USB port.
10. Pointing device such as mouse is connected to the PC via a serial port, PS/2
mouse port or
USB port.
11. The process of decoding data that has been encrypted into secret format is
called
decryption.
Computer and its Components 15
Exercise
A. Multiple choice questions
1. The collection of unprocessed facts, figures and symbols is known as
____________.
(a) Information (b) Software
(c) Data and Information (d) None of the above
2. ______________ is the processed form of data which is organized
meaningful and
useful.
(a) Information (b) Software
(c) Data (d) None of the above
3. Hardware is any part of the computer that has a physical structure
that can be seen and
touched.
(a) True (b) False
(c) Not sure (d) None of the above
4. Components of computer hardware are ____________________________.
(a) Input devices and output devices (b) A system unit and storage
devices
(c) Communication devices (d) All of the above
5. __________ devices accept data and instructions from the user.
(a) Output (b) Input
(c) Components of hardware (d) Storage
6. Which disk is made up of a circular thin plastic jacket coated with
magnetic material?
(a) Hard Disk (b) Compact Disk
(c) DVD (d) Floppy Disk
7. ___________ disks are used to store more than 25 GB of data with a
very high speed in
less amount of time.
(a) Digital Versatile (b) Compact
(c) Blue-Ray (d) None of the above
8. Random Access Memory and Read Only Memory are examples of
_______________.
(a) Primary Memory (b) Secondary Memory
(c) Auxiliary Memory (d) Both primary and secondary memory
9. Which system uses only the digits 0 and 1?
(a) Bits (b) Binary number system
(c) Secondary number system (d) Nibbles
10. There are two primary types of softwares namely _________ and
__________.
(a) General Purpose and tailor made
(b) Operating System and utility software
(c) Application Software and System Software
(d) None of the above
16 Information and Computer Technology
11. Gimp, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, Picasa etc. are examples of
_________ softwares.
Spreadsheets
(a) Word Processors (b) Desktop publishing
(c) Presentation
12. Which generation computers used high level languages such as FORTRAN
and COBOL and
also used transistors instead of vacuum tubes?
(a) I Generation (b) II Generation
(c) III Generation (d) V Generation
13. IBM notebooks, Pentium PCs-Pentium 1/2/3/4/Dual core/Quad core, PARAM
10000 are
examples of which generation of computers?
(a) I Generation (b) IV Generation
(c) III Generation (d) V Generation
14. According to the functioning of computers, they are divided into three
categories namely
_____, ________ and ________.
(a) Mainframe, Supercomputer and Mini computer
(b) Analog, Digital and Hybrid
(c) Palmtop, PC and Desktop
(d) Micro-computers, Digital and Hybrid
15. ___________ is a cabling technology for transferring data to and from
digital devices at
high speeds.
(a) S-Video Port (b) FireWire
(c) Ethernet Port (d) PS/2 Port
16. ______________ is used to connect the monitor to the computer which
offers images at
higher resolutions.
(a) USB Port (b) Video Graphics Array
(c) Parallel Port (d) None of the above
B. Answer the following questions:
1. Explain the following terms
(a) RAM (b) Nibble
(c) Digital Computers (d) Ethernet Port
2. Name any two utility softwares.
3. Why there is a need of Auxiliary Memory?
4. Differentiate the following
(a) Hardware vs Software
(b) RAM vs ROM
(c) Application Software vs System Software
(d) Digital vs Analog
Computer and its Components 17
5. Explain the functions of operating systems .
6. Explain in brief all the generations of computer .
7. Draw and explain IPO cycle .
8. Name any 4 application areas of computer .
9. How the computers are classified according to their processing
capabilities .
10. Differentiate between Ethernet Port and USB .
C. Lab Session
1. State whether the following statements are true or false
(a) The input device receives data in machine readable form
(b) The Arithmetic and Logic Unit and the Central Processing Unit are part
of the Control
Unit
(c) The plotter is an input device
(d) RAM and the ROM storage is effected by the presence of electricity.
2. Justify the statement ‘Computers are used only to collect data for
science and research’
as either true or false.
3. Tanya is working on a project in her school. For the same, she wants
to store multimedia
information in a portable storage device. Her information is subject to change as
per her
needs. Which storage device would you recommend? Why?
4. Prem Das is an editor and is currently working in a popular News House
group. His job
includes writing stories and articles for his newspaper. For writing his documents,
he uses
WordPad and Notepad, but is facing problems with the formatting of the document. He
is also not able to check the grammatical errors. Which type of software should he
be
using and why?
5. Mr. Shivank works in a multinational company. He often has to travel
in and out of the
country in order to complete his tasks. He wants to buy a computer that is portable
and can be easily carried overseas. Which kind of computer should he buy to store
his
important information and data?
6. Where do you store the set of instructions that gets the computer
ready to receive
instructions? Discuss the different tasks performed by the OS.
7. ‘Without prior knowledge, a user cannot interact with the computer’.
Do you agree with
this statement? Justify your answer
