International Standard 787/I

,NTERNAT,ONAL ORGANlZATlON FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEXI(nYHAPOflHAfl OPrAH~3AUMR fl0 CTAH,lAPTM3AUklbl~ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

General methods of test for pigments and extenders -

Part 1: Comparison of colour of pigments
Mkthodes g&&ales d’essai des pigments et matikres de charge - Partie I: Comparaison de la couleur des pigments

First edition - 1982-11-15

E UDC 667.622 : 620.1 : 535.65 Ref. No. IS0 787/l-1982 (E)

c Descriptors : paints, pigments, tests, colour, comparative tests.

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 Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing Inter-
national Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
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Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council.

International Standard IS0 787/l was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35,
Paints and varnishes, and was circulated to the member bodies in June 1980.

It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries:

Australia Ireland Poland

Austria Israel Romania
Brazil Italy South Africa, Rep. of
Canada Kenya Sweden
China Korea, Rep. of Switzerland
Egypt, Arab Rep. of Netherlands United Kingdom
India Norway USSR

Themember bodies of the following countries expressed disapproval of the document

on technical grounds:

France
Germany, F.R.

This International Standard cancels and replaces IS0 Recommendation R 787/l-1988,

of which it constitutes a technical revision.

0 International Organization for Standardization, 1982 0

Printed in Switzerland

ii
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 The purpose of this International Standard is to establish a series of general test
methods for pigments and extenders which are suitable for all or many of the individual
pigments and extenders for which specifications might be required. In such cases, a
cross-reference to the general method should be included in the International Standard
relating to that pigment or extender, with a note of any detailed modifications which
might be needed in view of the special properties of the product in question.

Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, decided that all the general
methods should be published as they become available, as parts of a single Interna-
tional Standard, in order to emphasize the relationship of each to the whole series.

The Technical Committee also decided that, where two or more procedures were wide-

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ly used for determining the same or a similar characteristic of a pigment or extender,
there would be no objection to including more than one of them in the IS0 series. In
such cases it will, however, be essential to state clearly in a specification which method
is to be used and, in the test report, which method has been used.

Parts of the series already published are as follows :

Part 1 : Comparison of colour of pigments

Part 2 : Determination of matter volatile at 105 ‘C
Part 3 : Determination of matter soluble in water - Hot extraction method
Part 4 : Determination of acidity or alkalinity of the aqueous extract
Part 5 : Determination of oil absorption value
Part 7 : Determination of residue on sieve - Water method - Manual procedure
Part 8 : Determination of matter soluble in water - Cold extraction method
Part 9 : Determination of pH value of an aqueous suspension
Part 10 : Determination of density - Pyknometer method
Part 11 : Determination of tamped volume and apparent density after tamping
Part 13 : Determination of water-soluble sulphates, chlorides and nitrates
Part 14 : Determination of resistivity of aqueous extract
Part 15 : Comparison of resistance to light of coloured pigments of similar types
Part 16 : Comparison of relative tinting strength (or equivalent colouring value) and
colour on reduction in linseed stand oil using the automatic muller
Part 17 : Comparison of lightening power of white pigments
Part 18 : Determination of residue on sieve - Water method - Mechanical
flushing procedure
Part 19 : Determination of water-soluble nitrates - Salicylic acid method
Part 20 : Comparison of ease of dispersion - Oscillatory shaking method
Part 21 : Comparison of heat stability of pigments using a stoving medium
Part 22 : Comparison of resistance to bleeding of pigments
Part 23 : Determination of density (using a centrifuge to remove entrained air)
Part 24 : Determination of relative tinting strength of coloured pigments and
relative scattering power of white pigments - Photometric method

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 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 787/l-1982 (E)

General methods of test for pigments and extenders -

Part 1: Comparison of colour of pigments

0 Introduction 4 Apparatus

This document is a part of IS0 787, Genera/methods of test for Ordinary laboratory apparatus, and
pigments and extenders. ISO/R 78711 was published in
July 1968. This revision differs from the 1968 edition in that
4.1 Palette knife, with a tapered steel blade of approximate
dimensions 146 to 150 mm long, 20 to 25 mm wide at its widest
a) the colour comparison is carried out using the pro-
point and not less than 12,5 mm wide at its narrowest point, or
cedure described in IS0 3668, and
a palette knife of suitable plastics material.
b) the binder is not specified.

4.2 Substrate, minimum area 150 mm x 50 mm. Choose a

substrate according to the binder used and the method of col-
1 Scope and field of application our comparison. If a glass panel is used, it shall be clear and
colourless.
1 .I This part of IS0 787 specifies a general method of test for
comparing the colour of a coloured pigment with that of an
4.3 Burette, with a delivery such that 1 ml of the binder con-
agreed sample.
tains about 35 drops.

I.2 Either of the procedures described in clause 6 is accep-

4.4 Muller.
table but the method using an automatic muller is the reference
method.
Either of the following may be used:
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NOTE - When this general method is applicable to a given pigment,

only a cross-reference to it should be included in the International
Standard relating to that pigment, with a note of any detailed modifica- 4.4.1 Automatic muller, with ground glass plates,
tions which may be needed in view of the special properties of the preferably water cooled, of diameter 180 to 250 mm, to which a
material in question. Only when the procedures given in this general variable but known force of up to about 1 kN may be applied.
method are not applicable to a particular material should a special The driven glass plate shall have a rotational frequency of be-
method for comparison of colour be specified. tween 70 and 120 r/min and the apparatus should have an ar-
rangement for pre-setting the number of revolutions in
multiples of 25.
2 References
NOTE - If the automatic muller does not have water-cooled plates,
IS0 150, Raw, refined and boiled linseed oil for paints and var- care should be taken that temperature variations do not occur during
nishes - Specifications and methods of test. the grinding operation.

IS0 642, Raw materials for paints and varnishes - Sampling. 4.4.2 Hand muller, with a diameter of 70 to 75 mm.

IS0 3666, Paints and varnishes - Visual comparison of the

colour of paints. 4.5 Plate, of ground glass or marble, for use when the
automatic muller (4.4.1) is not available.

3 Binder

The binder used shall be agreed between the interested parties. 5 Sampling
If no binder is specified or agreed, linseed oil, complying with
the requirements of the refined grade specified in IS0 150, Take a representative sample of the pigment to be tested as
should be used. described in IS0 842.

1
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 IS0 787/l-1982 (El

6 Procedure 6.2 Procedure using a hand muller or palette

knife
6.1 Procedure using an automatic muller
6.2.1 Test portion

6.1.1 Test portion Weigh, to the nearest 1 mg, between 0,l and I,0 g, depending
on the oil absorption value of the pigment under test.
Take a quantity of pigment for the test such that, when mixed
with a sufficient quantity of the binder to obtain the dispersion, 6.2.2 Preparation of pigment dispersion
the resulting paste extends almost to the edges of the plates of
the muller. Weigh the test portion to the nearest 1 mg. Transfer the test portion (6.2.1) to the glass or marble plate
(4.5). Run a number of drops of the binder (clause 3) from the
burette (4.3) on to the blade of the palette knife 14. I) and, using
6.1.2 Preparation of pigment dispersion the blade, mix the binder and pigment. Add more drops of
binder as necessary to produce a paste with a suitable con-
Transfer the test portion (6.1.1) to the clean lower plate of the sistency for milling.
automatic muller (4.4.1). Run a number of drops of the binder
When the pigment has become uniformly wetted with binder,
(clause 3) from the burette (4.3) on to the blade of the palette
start rubbing with the palette knife (4.1) or hand muller (4.4.2)
knife (4.1) and, using the blade, mix the binder and pigment.
using a backwards and forwards motion. The rubbing should
Add more drops of binder as necessary to produce a paste with
spread the mixture over an area approximately
a suitable consistency for milling.
200 m m x 75 mm. After 100 rubs (one rub consisting of one
forward plus one backward motion), scrape the
When the pigment has become uniformly wetted, spread the
pigment/binder mixture into a heap at the centre of the plate,
paste in a band approximately 50 m m wide about half-way be-
making sure that any unground pigment is removed from the
tween the centre and rim of the lower plate and clean the
knife blade.
palette knife by drawing it across the upper plate. Close the
muller plates, apply a force of about 1 kN and grind the paste in Repeat the rubbing-out operation using a further 100 rubs and
stages of 50 revolutions for each stage, picking up the paste then add a further few drops of the binder to obtain a suitable
with the palette knife and returning it to the 50 m m wide band consistency. Mix‘ well until the paste is homogeneous, and
after each stage. transfer it to one corner of the plate. Clean the rest of the plate
thoroughly.
NOTE - The applied force and the number of stages depend on the
pigment tested, and should be the same for the pigment under test and Take a similar amount of the agreed sample of pigment and
the agreed sample. prepare a paste in the same way at a consistency equivalent tb
that used in treating the test portion, even if more or less binder
When the grinding has been completed, add a further few may be required to achieve this consistency.
drops of the binder to obtain a suitable consistency, close the
muller plates and grind the paste for a further 25 revolutions. 6.2.3 Colour comparison
Remove the paste from the plate and store it.
Compare the colour of the test portion with that of the agreed
Take a similar amount of the agreed sample of pigment and sample of pigment as described in 6.1.3.
prepare a paste in the same way at a consistency equivalent to
that used in treating the test portion, even if more or less binder
7 Test report
may be required to achieve this consistency.
The test report shall contain at least the following information :
6.1.3 Colour comparison
a) the type and identification of the pigment tested;

Compare the colour of the test portion with that of the agreed b) a reference of this International Standard (IS0 787/l);
sample by spreading the two prepared pastes in the same direc- c) the binder used;
tion on the substrate (4.2) in opaque strips not less than 25 m m
d) the procedure used (automatic muller, hand muller or
wide with touching edges not less than 40 m m long. Compare
palette knife);
the colour by examining the strips in diffuse daylight on the sur-
face or, by agreement between the interested parties, through e) the details of the procedure used when comparing the
the glass, immediately after application, using the procedure colours of the strips (see 6.1.3);
described in IS0 3668. Where good daylight is not available, f) the result of the test expressed as colour equal to, or dif-
make the comparison in artificial daylight, using the procedure ferent from, that of the agreed sample of pigment;
described in IS0 3668.
g) any deviation, by agreement or otherwise, from the test
procedure specified;
NOTE - By agreement between the interested parties, a suitable
calorimeter may also be used for making the comparison. hl the date of the test.

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