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Chapter 5 - (Philoid-IN)

The document discusses various aspects of education and training, emphasizing the importance of structured learning and the role of teachers in facilitating this process. It highlights the need for effective communication and the implementation of guidelines to enhance educational outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced in the educational system and suggests potential solutions for improvement.

Uploaded by

prashantiizyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views11 pages

Chapter 5 - (Philoid-IN)

The document discusses various aspects of education and training, emphasizing the importance of structured learning and the role of teachers in facilitating this process. It highlights the need for effective communication and the implementation of guidelines to enhance educational outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced in the educational system and suggests potential solutions for improvement.

Uploaded by

prashantiizyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

vè;k; 5

jkT;] jktk vkSj ,d izkphu [Link];

pquko dk fnu
tc 'kadju mBk rks mlus ns[kk fd mlosQ ukuk&ukuh oksV Mkyus tk jgs FksA
njvly os pquko osaQnz ij lcls igys igq¡puk pkgrs FksA 'kadju tkuuk pkgrk
Fkk fd vkf[kj os brus mRlkfgr D;ksa FksA mlosQ ukukth us mls tYnh esa
le>kus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj dgk] ¶vkt ge vius 'kkldksa dk pquko djus
tk jgs gSaA¸

oqQN yksx 'kkld oSQls cus \

d
he
yxHkx ipkl o"kks± ls ge vius 'kkldksa dk pquko ernku osQ tfj, djrs
pu T
vk jgs gSAa ysfdu cgqr igys yksx 'kkld oSQls curs Fks\ geus vè;k; 4
is
re ER
esa ;g i<+k gS fd oqQN jktk laHkor% tu ;kuh yksxksa }kjk pqus tkrs FksA
bl
ijUrq djhc 3000 lky igys jktk cuus dh bl izfØ;k esa oqQN ifjorZu
be NC

fn[kkbZ fn,A oqQN yksx cM+s&cM+s ;Kksa dks vk;ksftr dj jktk osQ :i esa
izfrf"Br gks x,A
©

v'oes/ ;K ,d ,slk gh vk;kstu FkkA blesa ,d ?kksM+s dks jktk osQ


yksxksa dh ns[kjs[k esa Lora=k fopj.k osQ fy, NksM+ fn;k tkrk FkkA bl ?kksM+s
dks fdlh nwljs jktk us jksdk rks mls ogk¡ v'oes/ ;K djus okys jktk
o
tt

ls yM+kbZ djuh iM+rh FkhA vxj mUgksaus ?kksM+s dks tkus fn;k rks bldk
no

eryc ;g gksrk Fkk fd v'oes/ ;K djus okyk jktk muls ”;knk


'kfDr'kkyh FkkA blosQ ckn mu jktkvksa dks ;K esa vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk
FkkA ;g ;K fof'k"V iqjksfgrksa }kjk lEiUu fd;k tkrk FkkA blosQ fy,
mUgsa migkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k tkrk FkkA v'oes/ ;K djus okyk jktk
cgqr 'kfDr'kkyh ekuk tkrk FkkA ;K esa vkeaf=kr lHkh jktk mlosQ fy,
migkj ykrs FksA
bu lHkh vk;kstuksa esa jktk dk eq[; LFkku gksrk FkkA mls jkt¯lgklu
;k ck?k dh [kky osQ ,d fo'ks"k vklu ij fcBk;k tkrk FkkA ;q¼ {ks=k
esa jktk dk lkjFkh gh mldk lgpj gksrk FkkA ;K osQ volj ij og jktk
n 46
gekjs vrhr–I

2020-21
dh fot;ksa rFkk vU; [Link] dk xku djrk FkkA jktk osQ lxs&laca/h
[kkldj mldh jkfu;ksa rFkk iq=kksa dks Hkh dbZ NksV&s NksVs vuq"Bku djus gksrs
FksA vU; lkjs vkeaf=kr jktkvksa dk dke fli-ZQ cSBdj ;K dh iwjh izfØ;k
dks ns[kuk Hkj FkkA jktk osQ Åij iqjksfgr ifo=k ty osQ fNM+dko osQ
lkFk&lkFk vU; dbZ vuq"Bku djrk FkkA fo'k~ vFkok oS'; tSls lkekU;
yksx migkj ykrs FksA ftUgsa iqjksfgr 'kwnz ekurs Fks mUgsa dbZ vuq"Bkuksa esa
'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA
bl ;K esa mifLFkr gksus okyksa dh ,d lwph cukvksA is'ks osQ
vk/kj ij ogk¡ dkSu&dkSu ls oxZ 'kkfey Fks\

[Link]

d
he
pu T
bl le; mÙkj Hkkjr esa] [k+kldj xaxk&;equk {ks=k esa] dbZ xzaFk jps x,A ½Xosn osQ ckn jps gksus osQ

is
re ER
dkj.k ;s mÙkj&oSfnd xzaFk dgs tkrs gSaA buosQ varxZr lkeosn] ;tqosZn] vFkoZosn rFkk vU; xzaFk 'kkfey
bl
gSaA iqjksfgrksa }kjk jfpr bu xzaFkksa esa fofHkUu izdkj osQ vuq"Bku vkSj muosQ laiknu dh fof/;k¡ crkbZ xbZ
be NC

gSaA buesa lkekftd fu;eksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh crk;k x;k gSA
ml le; lekt esa dbZ lewg Fks ftuesa iqjksfgr] ;ks¼k] o`Q"kd] i'kqikyd] O;kikjh] f'kYidkj] Jfed]
eNyh idM+us okys rFkk taxy esa jgus okys yksx 'kkfey FksA tgk¡ oqQN iqjksfgr rFkk ;ks¼k oSHko'kkyh
©

Fks] ogha oqQN o`Q"kd vkSj O;kikjh Hkh /uoku FksA nwljh vksj i'kqikyd] f'kYidkj] Jfed] eNyh idM+us
okys] f'kdkjh rFkk Hkkstu&laxzkgd fu/Zu FksA
o

iqjksfgrksa us yksxksa dks pkj oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k] ftUgsa [Link] dgrs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj izR;sd [Link] osQ
tt

vyx&vyx dk;Z fu/kZfjr FksA igyk [Link] czkã.kksa dk FkkA mudk dke osnksa dk vè;;u&vè;kiu vkSj
no

;K djuk Fkk ftuosQ fy, mUgsa migkj feyrk FkkA nwljk LFkku 'kkldksa dk Fkk] ftUgsa {kf=k; dgk tkrk
FkkA mudk dke ;q¼ djuk vkSj yksxksa dh j{kk djuk FkkA rhljs LFkku ij fo'k~ ;k oS'; FksA buesa o`Q"kd]
i'kqikyd vkSj O;kikjh vkrs FksA {kf=k; vkSj oS'; nksuksa dks gh ;K djus dk vf/dkj izkIr FkkA [Link]± esa
vafre LFkku 'kwnzksa dk FkkA budk dke vU; rhuksa [Link]± dh lsok djuk FkkA bUgsa dksbZ vuq"Bku djus dk
vf/dkj ugha FkkA izk;% vkSjrksa dks Hkh 'kwnzksa osQ leku ekuk x;kA efgykvksa rFkk 'kwnzksa dks osnksa osQ vè;;u
dk vf/dkj ugha FkkA

47 n
jkT;] jktk vkSj ,d izkphu
[Link];

2020-21
iqjksfgrksa osQ vuqlkj lHkh [Link]± dk fu/kZj.k tUe osQ vk/kj ij gksrk FkkA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij] czkã.k
ekrk&firk dh larku czkã.k gh gksrh FkhA ckn esa oqQN yksxksa dks vNwr ekuk x;kA vNwr oxks± esa oqQN
f'kYidkj] f'kdkjh rFkk Hkkstu&laxzkgd 'kkfey FksA lkFk gh buesa os yksx Hkh vkrs Fks] tks 'koksa dks
ni- Qukus ;k tykus dk dke djrs FksA bu yksxksa ls laioZQ vifo=k ekuk tkrk FkkA
dbZ yksxksa us czkã.kksa }kjk cuk;h gqbZ bl [Link]&O;oLFkk dks Lohdkj ugha fd;kA oqQN jktk Lo;a dks
iqjksfgrksa ls Js"B ekurs FksA oqQN yksx tUe osQ vk/kj ij [Link]&fu/kZj.k lgh ugha ekurs FksA blosQ vfrfjDr
oqQN yksx O;olk; osQ vk/kj ij yksxksa osQ chp HksnHkko mfpr ugha le>rs FksA tcfd oqQN yksx pkgrs
Fks fd vuq"Bku lEiUu djus dk vf/dkj lcdk gksA dbZ yksxksa us NwvkNwr dh vkykspuk dhA bl
miegk}hi osQ iwoksZÙkj {ks=k tSls dbZ bykdksa esa lkekftd&vk£Fkd vlekurk cgqr de FkhA ;gk¡ iqjksfgrksa
dk izHkko Hkh cgqr lhfer FkkA
yksxksa us [Link]&O;oLFkk dk fojks/ D;ksa fd;k\

d
he
tuin
pu T
is
re ER
fpf=kr /wlj ik=kA
egk;Kksa dks djus okys jktk vc tu osQ jktk u gksdj tuinksa osQ jktk
bl
bl rjg osQ ik=kksa esa
ekus tkus yxsA tuin dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ tu osQ clus dh txg gksrk gSA
be NC

”;knkrj Fkkfy;k¡ vkSj


dVksfj;k¡ gh feyh gSaA ;s oqQN [Link] tuin ekufp=k 4 (i`"B 49) esa fn[kk, x, gSAa
ik=k cgqr gh iryh lrg osQ
laqnj vkSj fpdus gSaA 'kk;n iqjkrÙofonksa us bu tuinksa dh dbZ cfLr;ksa dh [kqnkbZ dh gSA fnYyh
©

bldk iz;ksx [kkl ekSdksa ij] esa iqjkuk fdyk] mÙkj izns'k esa esjB osQ ikl gfLrukiqj vkSj ,Vk osQ ikl
[Link] yksxksa dks Hkkstu
ijkslus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk vrjath[ksM+k buesa izeq[k gSaA [kqnkbZ ls irk pyk gS fd yksx >ksifM+;ksa esa
o

FkkA jgrs Fks vkSj eosf'k;ksa rFkk vU; tkuojksa dks ikyrs FksA os pkoy] xsgw¡]
tt

/ku] tkS] nkysa] xUuk] fry rFkk ljlksa tSlh i-Qlysa mxkrs FksA
no

D;k bl lwph esa rqEgsa fdlh ,slh i-Qly dk uke feyk


ftldk mYys[k vè;k; 3 esa ugha gS\
yksx feêðh osQ crZu Hkh cukrs FksA buesa oqQN /wlj vkSj oqQN
yky jax osQ gksrs FksA bu iqjkLFkyksa esa oqQN fo'ks"k izdkj osQ crZu
feys gS]a ftUgsa ^fpf=kr&/wlj ik=k* osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA tSlk
fd buosQ uke ls gh Li"V gS] bu crZuksa ij fp=kdkjh dh xbZ gSA
;s vkerkSj ij ljy js[kkvksa rFkk T;kferh; vko`Qfr;ksa osQ :i
n 48
esa gSAa
gekjs vrhr–I

2020-21
egktuin
djhc 2500 lky igys] oqQN tuin vf/d [Link] gks x,A bUgsa
egktuin dgk tkus yxkA ekufp=k 4 esa oqQN egktuinksa dks fn[kk;k x;k
gSA vf/drj egktuinksa dh ,d jkt/kuh gksrh FkhA dbZ jkt/kfu;ksa esa
fdyscna h dh xbZ Fkh vFkkZr~ buosQ pkjksa vksj ydM+h] b±V ;k iRFkj dh Å¡ph
nhokjsa cukbZ xbZ FkhaA
,slk yxrk gS fd yksxksa us vU; jktkvksa osQ vkØe.k ls Mjdj viuh
lqj{kk osQ fy, bu fdyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;kA oqQq N jktk viuh jkt/kuh osQ
pkjksa vksj fo'kky] Å¡ph vkSj izHkko'kkyh nhokj [kM+h dj viuh le`f¼

d
he
pu T ekufp=k : 4

is
re ER
bl [Link] tuin]
egktuin vkSj uxj
be NC
©
o
tt
no

js[kkfp=k
iSekuk ugha fn;k
x;k gSA

49 n
jkT;] jktk vkSj ,d izkphu
[Link];

2020-21
vkSj 'kfDr dk izn'kZu Hkh djrs FksA bl rjg ls fdys osQ vanj jgus okys
yksxksa vkSj ml {ks=k ij fu;=ka.k j[kuk Hkh ljy gks tkrk gksxkA bl rjg dh
fo'kky nhokj cukus osQ fy, O;kid ;kstuk dh vko';drk Fkh vkSj
yk[kksa dh la[;k esa b±Vksa rFkk iRFkjksa dk bar”kke djuk iM+rk FkkA g”kkjksa
L=kh&iq#"kksa rFkk cPpksa us blosQ fy, vFkd ifjJe fd;k gksxkA buosQ fy,
lalk/uksa dh vko';drk iM+rh gksxhA
vc jktk lsuk j[kus yxs FksA flikfg;ksa dks fu;fer osru nsdj iwjs lky
j[kk tkrk FkkA oqQN Hkqxrku laHkor% vkgr flDdksa (i`"B 84 ij fp=k
ns[kks) osQ :i esa gksrk FkkA bu flDdksa osQ ckjs esa rqe vè;k; 8 esa i<+kxs As
egktuinksa osQ jktk ½Xosn esa mYysf[kr jktkvksas ls fdl izdkj fHkUu

d
Fks\ nks varj crkvksA

he
dkS'kkEch fdys dh nhokjA
pu T
is
re ER
;g fp=k vk/qfud mÙkj izns'k
osQ bykgkckn osQ ikl feyh
bl
b±V dh nhokj dk vo'ks"k gSA
be NC

blosQ ,d Hkkx dk fuekZ.k


laHkor% 2500 lky igys
gqvk FkkA
©
o
tt
no

n 50
gekjs vrhr–I

2020-21
dj
egktuinksa osQ jktk fo'kky fdys cuokrs Fks vkSj cM+h lsuk j[krs Fks]
blfy, mUgsa izpjq lalk/uksa dh vko';drk gksrh FkhA blosQ fy, mUgsa
deZpkfj;ksa dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh FkhA vr% egktuinksa osQ jktk yksxksa
}kjk le;&le; ij yk, x, migkjksa ij fuHkZj u jgdj vc fu;fer :i
ls dj olwyus yxsA

• i- Qlyksa ij yxk, x, dj lcls [Link] Fks D;ksafd vf/dka'k yksx


o`Q"kd gh FksA izk;% mit dk 1@6oka fgLlk dj osQ :i esa fu/kZfjr
fd;k tkrk Fkk ftls Hkkx dgk tkrk FkkA
• dkjhxjksa osQ Åij Hkh dj yxk, x, tks izk;% Je osQ :i esa pqdk,

d
tkrs FksA tSls fd ,d cqudj] yksgkj ;k lqukj dks jktk osQ fy, eghus

he
esa ,d fnu dke djuk iM+rk FkkA
pu T
is
re ER
• i'kqikydksa dks tkuojksa ;k muosQ mRikn osQ :i esa dj nsuk iM+rk FkkA
bl
• O;kikfj;ksa dks lkeku [kjhnus&cspus ij Hkh dj nsuk iM+rk FkkA
be NC

• vk[ksVdksa rFkk laxzkgdksa dks taxy ls izkIr oLrq,¡ nsuh gksrh FkhaA

vk[ksVd rFkk [kk|&laxkz gd jktkvksa dks D;k nsrs gksxa \s


©

o`Qf"k esa ifjorZu


o

bl ;qx esa o`Qf"k osQ {ks=k esa nks cM+s ifjorZu vk,A gy osQ iQky vc yksgs
tt

osQ cuus yxsA vc dBksj ”kehu dks ydM+h osQ iQky dh rqyuk esa yksgs osQ
no

iQky ls vklkuh ls tksrk tk ldrk FkkA blls i-Qlyksa dh mit c<+ xbZA
nwljs] yksxksa us /ku osQ ikS/ksa dk jksi.k 'kq: fd;k vFkkZr~ [ksrksa esa cht
fNM+ddj /ku mitkus osQ ctk, /ku dh ikS/ rS;kj dj mudk jksi.k
'kq: fd;k x;kA vc igys dh rqyuk esa cgqr ”;knk ikS/s thfor jg
tkrs Fks] blfy, iSnkokj Hkh ”;knk gksus yxhA blesa dejrksM+ ifjJe yxrk
FkkA ;s dke ”;knkrj nkl] nklh rFkk Hkwfeghu [ksfrgj e”knwj (dEedkj)
djrs FksA
D;k rqe crk ldrs gks fd jktk bu ifjorZuksa dks izkRs lkgu D;ksa
nsrs gksxa \s 51 n
jkT;] jktk vkSj ,d izkphu
[Link];

2020-21
lw{e&fujh{k.k
(d) ex/
ekufp=k 4 (i`"B 49) esa ex/ <w<¡ k+ As yxHkx nks lkS lkyksa osQ Hkhrj ex/
lcls [Link] tuin cu x;kA xaxk vkSj lksu tSlh ufn;k¡ ex/ ls gksdj
cgrh FkhaA ;s & (d) ;krk;kr] ([k) ty&forj.k vkSj (x) ”kehu dks
mitkÅ cukus osQ fy, cgqr [Link] FkhaA ex/ dk ,d fgLlk taxyksa ls
Hkjk FkkA bu taxyksa esa jgus okys gkfFk;ksa dks idM+ dj vkSj mUgsa izf'kf{kr
dj lsuk osQ dke esa yxk;k tkrk FkkA ;gh ugha] taxyksa ls ?kj] xkfM+;k¡]
rFkk jFk cukus osQ fy, ydM+h feyrh FkhA blosQ vykok bl {ks=k esa ykSg
v;Ld dh [knkus gSAa e”kcwr vkS”kkj vkSj gfFk;kj cukus osQ fy, ;s cgqr

d
he
mi;ksxh FksApu T
ex/ esa nks cgqr gh 'kfDr'kkyh 'kkld fcfEclkj rFkk vtkrlÙkq
is
re ER
bl
(vtkr'k=kq) gq,A vU; tuinksa dks thrus osQ fy, ;s gj laHko lk/u
be NC

viukrs FksA egkin~euan ,d vkSj [Link] 'kkld FksA mUgksua s vius fu;a=k.k
dk {ks=k bl miegk}hi osQ mÙkj&if'peh Hkkx rd iSQyk fy;k FkkA fcgkj
esa jktx`g (vk/qfud jktxhj) dbZ lkyksa rd ex/ dh jkt/kuh cuh jghA
©

ckn esa ikVfyiq=k (vkt dk iVuk) dks jkt/kuh cuk;k x;kA


2300 lky ls Hkh igys dh ckr gS] esflMksfu;k dk jktk fldUnj
o
tt

fo'o&fot; djuk pkgrk FkkA iwjh rjg liQy u gksus ij Hkh og felz
no

vkSj if'peh ,f'k;k osQ oqQN jkT;ksa dks thrrk gqvk Hkkjrh; miegk}hi esa
O;kl unh osQ fdukjs rd igqp ¡ x;kA tc mlus ex/ dh vksj owQp djuk
pkgk] rks mlosQ flikfg;ksa us badkj dj fn;kA os bl ckr ls Hk;Hkhr Fks]
fd Hkkjr osQ 'kkldksa osQ ikl iSny] jFk vkSj gkfFk;ksa dh cgqr cM+h
lsuk FkhA
bu lsukvksa vkSj ½Xosn esa mYysf[kr lsukvksa osQ chp rqEgsa D;k varj
fn[krk gS\

n 52
gekjs vrhr–I

2020-21
([k) ofTt
x.k
tSlk fd rqeus Åij i<+k] ex/ ,d 'kfDr'kkyh jkT; cu x;k FkkA
x.k 'kCn dk iz;ksx
mlosQ u”knhd gh ofTt jkT; Fkk] ftldh jkt/kuh oS'kkyh (fcgkj)
dbZ lnL;ksa okys
FkhA ;gk¡ ,d vyx fdLe dh 'kklu&O;oLFkk Fkh ftls x.k ;k la?k lewg osQ fy, fd;k
dgrs FksA tkrk gSA
x.k ;k la?k esa dbZ 'kkld gksrs FksA dHkh&dHkh yksx ,d lkFk 'kklu la?k
djrs Fks] ftlesa ls izR;sd O;fDr jktk dgykrk FkkA ;s lHkh jktk fofHkUu la?k vFkkZr~ laxBu ;k
vuq"Bkuksa dks ,d lkFk lEiUu djrs FksA lHkkvksa esa cSBdj ;s ckrphr] lHkkA
cgl vkSj okn&fookn osQ tfj, r; djrs Fks fd D;k djuk gS vkSj
fdl rjg djuk gSA 'k=kqvksa osQ vkØe.k ls fuiVus osQ fy, os feydj
ppkZ,¡ djrs FksA fL=k;k¡] nkl rFkk dEedkj bu lHkkvksa esa fgLlk ugha ys

d
he
ldrs FksA pu T
is
cq¼ rFkk egkohj (ftuosQ ckjs esa rqe vè;k; 6 esa i<+kxs )s nksuksa gh x.k
re ER
bl
;k la?k ls lacfa /r FksA ckS¼ lkfgR; esa la?k osQ thou dk cgqr gh ltho
be NC

[Link] feyrk gSA

ofTt la?k dk ;g [Link] nh?k fudk; ls fy;k x;k gSA nh?k fudk; ,d izfl¼ ckS¼ xzaFk gS] ftlesa cq¼
©

osQ dbZ O;k[;ku fn, x, gSaA bUgsa djhc 2300 lky igys fy[kk x;k FkkA

vtklÙkq (vtkr'k=kq) vkSj ofTt&la?k


o
tt

vtkrlÙkq ofTt&la?k ij vkØe.k djuk pkgrs FksA mUgksaus vius ea=kh oLldkj dks cq¼ osQ ikl lykg
no

osQ fy, HkstkA


cq¼ us muls iwNk fd D;k ofTt lHkk,¡ fu;fer :i ls gksrh gSa rFkk muesa lHkh lnL; mifLFkr
gksrs gSa\ tc mUgsa irk pyk fd ,slk gksrk gS] mUgksaus dgk fd ofTtoklh rc rd mUufr djrs jgsaxs]
tc rd%
• os [Link] vkSj fu;fer lHkk,¡ djrs jgsaxsA
• vkil esa feytqy dj dke djrs jgsaxsA
• ikjaifjd fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs jgsaxsA
• cM+ksa dk lEeku] leFkZu vkSj mudh ckrksa ij è;ku nsrs jgsaxsA

53 n
jkT;] jktk vkSj ,d izkphu
[Link];

2020-21
• ofTt efgykvksa osQ lkFk ”kksj&”kcjnLrh ugha djsaxs vkSj mUgsa ca/d ugha cuk,axsA
• 'kgjksa rFkk xkaoksa esa pSR;ksa dk j[kj[kko djsaxsA
• fofHkUu erkoyach larksa dk lEeku djsaxs vkSj muosQ vkus ;k tkus ij dksbZ jksd ugha yxk,axsA

ofTt la?k vU; egktuinksa ls oSQls fHkUu Fkk\ de ls de rhu varj crkvksA

dbZ 'kfDr'kkyh jktk bu la?kksa dks thruk pkgrs FksA blosQ ckotwn
mudk jkT; vc ls yxHkx 1500 lky igys rd pyrk jgkA mlosQ ckn
xqIr 'kkldksa us x.k vkSj la?k ij fot; izkIr dj mUgsa vius jkT; esa 'kkfey
dj fy;kA buosQ ckjs esa rqe vè;k; 10 esa i<+kxs As

d
he
pu T
is
re ER
bl vU;=k
vius ,Vyl esa ;wuku vkSj ,FksUl dks <w¡<+ksA
be NC

yxHkx 2500 lky igys ,FksUl osQ yksxksa us ,d 'kklu&O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk dh] ftls iztkra=k ;k
[Link]=k dgrs gSAa
©

;g O;oLFkk yxHkx 200 lkyksa rd pyhA blesa 30 lky ls Åij osQ mu lHkh iq#"kkas dks [Link] ukxfjdrk
izkIr Fkh] tks nkl ugha FksA ogk¡ ,d lHkk Fkh tks [Link] fo"k;ksa ij [Link]; ysus osQ fy, lky Hkj esa de
ls de 40 ckj cqykbZ tkrh FkhA
o
tt

bl lHkk esa lHkh ukxfjd Hkkx ys ldrs FksA


'kklu osQ dbZ inksa ij fu;qfDr;k¡ ykWVfj;kas }kjk dh tkrh FkhaA lHkh ukxfjdksa dks lsuk vkSj ukSlsuk esa
no

viuh lsok,¡ nsuh gksrh FkhA


vkSjrksa dks ukxfjd dk ntkZ ugha feyrk FkkA
O;kikfj;ksa rFkk f'kYidkjksa osQ :i esa ,FksUl esa jgus vkSj dke djus okys cgqr ls fonsf'k;ksa dks Hkh
ukxfjd vf/dkj ugha feys FksA ,FksUl esa [knkuksa] [ksrksa] ?kjksa vkSj dk;Z'kkykvksa esa dke dj jgs nklksa dks
Hkh ukxfjd vf/dkj ugha feys FksA
D;k ,FksUl esa okLro essa tura=k Fkk\

n 54
gekjs vrhr–I

2020-21
dYiuk djks
mi;ksxh 'kCn
oS'kkyh osQ ml lHkkxkj esa rqe vanj >k¡d jgs gks tgk¡ ex/ osQ jktkvksa }kjk jktk
vkØe.k dk lkeuk djus osQ fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ dh tk jgh gSA rqeus D;k lquk\ v'oes/
[Link]
tuin
egktuin
fO+kQyscanh
lsuk
dj
vkvks ;kn djsa ikS/&jksi.k
x.k vFkok la?k
1. lgh ;k xyr crkvksA iztkra=k

d
he
(d) v'oes/ osQ ?kksM+s dks vius jkT; ls xq”kjus dh NwV nsus okys
pu T
jktkvksa dks ;K esa vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk FkkA

is
re ER
([k) jktk osQ Åij lkjFkh ifo=k ty dk fNM+dko djrk FkkA
bl
(x) iqjkrÙofonksa dks tuinkas dh cfLr;ksa esa egy feys gSaA
be NC

(?k) fpf=kr&/wlj ik=kksa esa vukt j[kk tkrk FkkA


(M-) egktuinksa esa cgqr ls uxj fO+kQykcan FksA
©

2. uhps fn, x, [kkuksa esa fuEufyf[kr 'kCn HkjksA


vk[ksVd&laxkz gd] o`Q"kd] O;kikjh] f'kYidkj] i'kqikydA
o
tt
no

egktuin
dk jktk

3. lekt osQ os dkSu&ls lewg Fks] tks [Link] dh lHkkvksa esa fgLlk ugha ys
ldrs Fks\

55 n
jkT;] jktk vkSj ,d izkphu
[Link];

2020-21
oq Q N egRoiw . kZ vkvks ppkZ djsa
frfFk;k¡
u u, 'kkld 1. egktuin osQ jktkvksa us fo- Qys D;ksa cuok,\
(yxHkx 3000 lky
igys) 2. vkt osQ 'kkldksa osQ pquko dh izfØ;k tuinksa osQ pquko ls fdl rjg
u egktuin fHkUu Fkh\
(yxHkx 3000 lky igys)
u fldUnj dk vkØe.k]
nh?k fudk; dk ys[ku vkvks djosQ ns[ksa
(yxHkx 2300 lky igys)
u x.k ;k la?k jkT;ksa dk 3. D;k rqEgkjs jkT; esa izkphu tuin Fks\ vxj gk¡] rks muosQ uke fy[kksA vxj
var ugha] rks vius jkT; osQ lcls u”knhd iM+us okys tuinksa osQ uke crkvksA
(yxHkx 1500 lky igys)

d
4 . iz'u 2 osQ mÙkj esa crk, x, lewgksa esa ls dkSu&ls lewg vkt Hkh dj

he
nsrs gSaA
pu T
is
re ER
5. iz'u 3 osQ mÙkj esa crk, x, lewgksa esa fdu&fdu dks vkt ernku dk
bl
vf/dkj izkIr gS\
be NC
©
o
tt
no

n 56
gekjs vrhr–I

2020-21

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