THERMODYNAMICS-1 (Physical Chemistry)

EXERCISE-I
(JEE MAIN LEVEL)
DPP-01
CONCEPT OF KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY, TYPE OF SYSTEMS

Q.1 Select the incorrect statement:

(A) Heat is a form of energy.
(B) It is energy in transit whenever temperature difference exists.
(C) A system has heat and energy.
(D) Heat can be transferred by either conduction, convection or radiation.
Q.2 Kinetic energy of a system at rest depends on
(A) Only temperature (B) Only pressure
(C) Only volume (D) Its position in space.
Q.3 During an exothermic reaction at constant temperature:
(A) Potential energy of system increases.
(B) Potential energy of system decreases.
(C) Kinetic energy of system increases.
(D) Kinetic energy of system decreases.
Q.4 Melting of ice in an isolated room is accompanied by
(A) Increase in kinetic energy.
(B) Decrease in potential energy.
(C) Increase in potential energy.
(D) There will be no change in kinetic and potential energy.
Q.5 For an isolated system boundaries must be
(A) Impermeable and non- movable only
(B) Impermeable and adiabatic only
(C) Non-movable and diathermic only
(D) Impermeable, adiabatic and non-movable only.
Q.6 A system having all the adiabatic non–rigid boundaries, can be
(A) An open system
(B) An isolated system
(C) A closed system
(D) can be open, closed or isolated system.
Q.7 Boundaries of closed system must be:
(A) Adiabatic (B) Non-movable (rigid)
(C) Impermeable (D) Diathermic
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Q.8 A closed system can transfer energy to its surroundings by

(A) By heat only (B) By work only
(C) By heat and work only (D) By transfer of matter only.
Q.9 An open system can transfer energy to its surrounding by
(A) By heat and work only.
(B) By heat and transfer of matter only.
(C)By work and transfer of matter only.
(D) By heat , work and transfer of matter only.
Q.10 Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) The presence of reacting species in a covered beaker is an example of open system.
(B) There is an exchange of energy as well as matter between the system and the surroundings
in a closed system.
(C) The presence of reactants in a closed vessel made up of copper is an example of a closed
system.
(D) The presence of reactants in a thermos flask or any other closed insulated vessel is an
example of a closed system.

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DPP-02
EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE PROPERTIES, STATE AND PATH FUNCTION, REVERSIBLE AND
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS

Q.1 Which of the following is not a property of a system?

(A) Volume (B) Pressure (C) Internal Energy (D) Work
Q.2 Out of boiling point (I), mole (II), pH (III) and density (IV), intensive properties are
(A) I, II (B) I, II, III (C) I, III, IV (D) All of these
Q. 3 In which one of the following sets, all the properties belong to same category (all extensive or
all intensive)?
(A) Mass, volume, pressure (B) Temperature, pressure, volume
(C) Heat, density, entropy (D) Kinetic Energy, internal energy, volume
Q. 4 Select the number of correct statements:
(i) Ratio of two extensive properties become an intensive property.
(ii) Ratio of two intensive properties become an extensive property.
(iii) Extensive properties are additive in nature.
(iv) Intensive properties are additive in nature.
(v) Intensive properties are those properties which remain same on division of system.
Q. 5 How many of the following are state function :
(i) Internal energy (ii) Heat (iii) Density
(iv) latitude (v) Pressure (vi) Temperature
(vii) Volume (viii) Work (ix) Specific heat capacity
(x) Molar heat capacity
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 4
Q. 6 Select the correct number of statements:
(A) Latitude and longitude are state functions.
(B) Distance travelled between two given cities is path function.
(C) Displacement between two cities is path independent.
(D) Change in latitude between two given cities is path function.
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
Q. 7 Select the correct number of statements:
(A) A state function depends on initial and final rate.
(B) A state function is path independent.
(C) U is a state function.
(D) U is path independent.
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
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Q. 8 The internal energy change when a system goes from state A to B is 40 kJ/mol. If the system
goes from A to B by a reversible path and returns to state A by an irreversible path, then what
would be the net change in internal energy?
(A) 40 kJ (B) >40 kJ (C) <40 kJ (D) Zero
Q. 9 Which of following is incorrect about reversible process?
(A) System always remains in equilibrium.
(B) The process is extremely slow.
(C) Change in properties in each step is infinitesimally small.
(D) Reversible processes may be performed in finite time.
Q.10 In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when -
(A) surroundings and system change into each other
(B) there is no boundary between system and surroundings
(C) the surroundings are always in equilibrium with the system
(D) the system changes into the surroundings spontaneously

Q.11 Which of the following statement is incorrect?

(A) Only a state function may be expressed as difference in its value at two states in any
process.
(B) A process cannot be defined on the basis of initial and final states of the system.
(C) In a cyclic process, the internal energy of the system remains throughout constant.
(D) During irreversible process the equation PV = nRT is not applicable to ideal gas.

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DPP-03
HEAT AND WORK
Q.1 Heat transfer during freezing of liquid in a system will be:
(A) q = 0 (B) q > 0
(C) q < 0 (D) q > 0 or q < 0 (depending on the nature of liquid)
Q.2 ‘’ for NH3 including contribution from vibrational degrees of freedom is -
(A) 4/3 (B) 10/9 (C) 7/9 (D) 13/12
Q.3 CV for SO2 molecule is (excluding vibrational degrees of freedom)
(A) 3R
(B) 4R
(C) 6R
(D) 5/2R
Q.4 Arrange Ar, H2 and NO2 in increasing order of ‘’ (Poisson's ratio).
(A) γAr < γH2 < γNO2
(B) γAr > γ H2 > γNO2
(C) γAr > γH2 = γNO2
(D) γAr = γH2 = γ NO2
Q.5 Calculate amount of Heat requires to raise the temperature of a calorimeter system by 5K.
Given: heat capacity of calorimeter = 10 kJ/K ]
(A) 2 kJ
(B) 10 kJ
(C) 50 kJ
(D) 15 kJ
Q.6 4.48 lit of an ideal gas at 1atm & 273K requires 12 calories to raise the temperature by 15 ºC at
constant volume. The Cp of the gas is –
(A) 4 cal (B) 6 cal (C) 2 cal (D) 8 cal
Q.7 Molar heat capacity of an ideal gas at constant volume is given by
CV = (16.5 + 10–2 T) J/K/mol
If 3.5 moles of this ideal gas are heated at constant volume from 300 K to 400 K. Find heat
transfer (in kJ).
(A) 5 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 4
Q.8 One mole of a gas occupying 3 dm3 expands against a constant external pressure of 1 atm to a
volume of 13 L. The work-done is :–
(A) – 10 atm dm3 (B) – 20 atm dm3 (C) – 39 atm dm3 (D) – 48 atm dm3
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Q.9 A thermodynamic system goes from states

(i) P,V to 2P,V
(ii) V to 2V at constant pressure P.
Then work done in the two cases are
(A) Zero, Zero (B) Zero, – PV (C) – PV , Zero (D) –2PV, –PV

Q.10 Predict sign of work done in following reactions at constant pressure.

Initial state Final state
(i) H2O(g) ⎯→ H2O()

(ii) H2O(s) ⎯→ H2O(g)

(iii) H2O() ⎯→ H2O(s)

(iv) CaCO3(s) ⎯→ CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Q.11 A sample of an ideal gas is expanded from 1dm 3 to 3 dm3 in a reversible process for which
P = KV3, with K = 1/5 (atm/dm3), what is work done by gas (L atm)
Q.12 A gas expands from a volume of 3dm3 to 30 dm3 against a constant pressure of 7 bar at initially
27ºC. The work done during expansion is used to heat, 50 moles of water. Calculate rise in
temperature (K) of water.
(Given: specific heat capacity of H 2O is 4.2 J/gm/K & 1 litre bar = 100 J)

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DPP-04
INTERNAL ENERGY, FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, ENTHALPY

Q.1 According to first law of thermodynamics (where q = heat supplied to system & W → work
done on the system) :
(A) U = q – W (B) U = q + W (C) U = q + W (D) U = q + W
Q.2 A system absorbed 600 J of heat and did work of 300 J on its surroundings. The change in
internal energy is
(A) 300 J (B) – 300 J (C) 900 J (D) – 900 J

Q.3 One mole of a gas absorbs 200 J of heat at constant volume. Its temperature rises from 298 K to
308 K. The change in internal energy is :

(A) 200 J (B) –200 J (C) 200 × 308 J (D) 200 × 398 J
298 308
Q.4 What is the change in internal energy when a gas is compressed from 377 mL to 177 mL under
a constant pressure of 1520 torr, while at the same time being cooled by removing 124 J heat ?
[Take : 1L atm = 100 J]
(A) –24 J (B) – 84 J (C) – 164 J (D) – 248 J
Q.5 1 mol of an ideal diatomic gas is expanded by heating from state-I (10 litre, 500K) to (20 litre,
800K) against constant pressure 2 bar. Find heat supplied. (Given R = 25/3 J/mole/K)
(A) 8750 J (B) 4250 J (C) 6750 J (D) 8250 J
Q.6 Calculate change in internal energy for 2 moles of an ideal gas that temperature rises from 27ºC
to127ºC.
[Given : Cp,m = 13.314 + 0.04 T]
(A) 3800 J (B) 1900 J (C) 1028 J (D) None of these
Q.7 Enthalpy change for 1 mol of diatomic ideal gas undergoing the state change (2 atm, 5L, 300 K) to
(3 atm, 4L, 360 K) will be
(A) 90 R (B) 150 R (C) 180 R (D) 210 R
Q.8 H for a real gas undergoing a change from (3lit, 5atm) to (5lit, 7atm) is,

 H   H 
Given :   = 5 lit.;   = 2V atm
 P  V  V P
(A) 16 atm-litre (B) 42 atm-litre (C) 10 atm-litre (D) 26 atm-litre

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Q.9 When a system is taken from state A to state B along the path ACB, 80J of heat flows into the
system and the system does 30J of work.

(a) How much heat flows into the system along path ADB if the work done is –10J ? (b) When
the system is returned from state B to A along the curved path, the work done on the system is
20J. Does the system absorb or liberate heat, and how much?
(c) If UD – UA =40J, find the heat absorbed in the process AD and DB. if the work done is –10J
along path ADB.?
Q.10 The given figure shows a change of state A to state C by two paths ABC and AC for an ideal gas.
Calculate the :
(a) Path along which magnitude of work done is least.
(b) Internal energy at C if the internal energy of gas
at A is 10 J and amount of heat supplied to change its
state to C through the path AC is 200 J.
(c) Amount of heat supplied to the gas to go from A to B,
if internal energy change of gas is 10 J.

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DPP-05
Relationship between  H and  U

Q.1. Calculate U for a gas if enthalpy change is 40 atm-L for the state change (5 atm, 10 L) to (3
atm, 15L):-
(A) 45 atm-L (B) 35 atm-L (C) 30 atm-L (D) 40 atm-L
Q.2 One mole of a non-ideal gas undergoes a change of state (2.0atm, 3.0L, 95 K) → (4.0 atm, 5.0 L,
245 K) with a change in internal energy, U = 30.0 L atm. Calculate change in enthalpy of the
process in L. atm.
Q.3 A vessel contains 100 L of a liquid X. Heat is supplied to the liquid in such a fashion that, the
volume of the liquid increases by 1 lit against constant external pressure is 1 atm, and 202.6 Js
of heat were supplied then : [Heat given = change in enthalpy]
(A) U = 0 , H = 0 (B) U = + 101.3 J , H = + 202.6 J
(C) U = – 202.6 J, H = – 202.6 J (D) U = 0, H = + 202.6 J
Q.4 For which reaction will H = U ?
(A) H2(g) + Br 2(g) → 2 HBr(g) (B) C(s) + 2 H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + CO2(g)
(C) PCl5(g) → PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) (D) 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2 CO2(g)
Q.5 For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⎯→ 2NH3(g), H is :
(A) U + 2RT (B) U – 2RT (C) U + RT (D) U – RT
Q.6 Find difference between heat at constant pressure & at constant volume for combustion of 1
mol ethanol(l) at 27ºC & 1 atm [R = 2 cal / mol-k]
(A) –600 cal (B) 600 cal (C) –1200 cal (D) 1200 cal
Q.7 What is U in kJ when 2.0 mole of liquid water vapourises at 127°C? The heat of vapourisation,
Hvap of water at 127 °C is 40 kJ mol–1. Given : R= 8.3 J/mole/K

Q.8 Consider the reaction at 300 K,

H2(g) + Cl2(g) ⎯→ 2HCl(g) H = –185kJ/mol
Calculate U if 3 moles of H2 completely react with 3 moles of Cl2 to form HCl.
(A) 0 (B) –185 kJ (C) 555 kJ (D) –555 kJ
Q.9 Ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl), is prepared by reaction of ethylene with hydrogen chloride as,
C2H4(g) + HCl(g) ⎯→ C2H5Cl(g) H = – 72.3 kJ/mol
What is the value of U (in kJ), if 70 g of ethylene and 73 g of HCl are allowed to react at 300 K.
(A) –69.8 (B) –180.75 (C) –174.5 (D) –139.6

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Q.10 If 1.0 kcal of heat is added to 1.2 L of O2 in a cylinder of constant pressure of 1 atm, the volume
increases to 1.5L. Calculate U and H of the process.

Q.11 At 500 kbar pressure, density of diamond and graphite are 3 g/cc and 2 g/cc respectively, at
certain temperature ‘T’. Find the value |H – U| (kJ/mole) for the conversion of 1 mole of
graphite to 1 mole of diamond at temperature ‘T’ :
Q.12 Lime is made commercially by decomposition of limestone, CaCO3. What is the change in
internal energy when 1.00 mole of solid CaCO3(V = 34 ml) absorbs 180 kJ of heat and
decomposes at certain temperature against a pressure of 1.0 bar to give solid CaO.
(A) –24 J (B) – 84 J (C) – 164 J (D) –248 J
(Volume = 16 ml) and CO2(g)(V = 20 L).

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DPP-06

ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES

Q.1 For the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas

(A) U and H increases (B) U increases but H decreases
(C) H increases but U decreases (D) U and H are unaltered
Q.2 In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. Select wrong statement.
(A) There is no change in the temperature of the gas
(B) There is no change in the internal energy of the gas
(C) The work done by the gas is equal to the heat supplied to the gas
(D) The work done by the gas is equal to the change in its internal energy
Q.3 Select the correct formula for isothermal irreversible process for an ideal gas -
P2  nRT nRT 
(A) W = nRT ln (B) W = Pext  − 
P1  P2 P1 

 nRT nRT   P2 
(C) Q = Pext  −  (D) Q = nRT ln  
 P2 P1   P1 
Q.4 Fixed moles of an ideal gas undergoing the state change (P 1, V1) to (P2, V2) in reversible
isothermal process then work is given by -

V2
(A) – P1 V1 ln
V1
V2
(B) – P2 V1 ln
V1
(C) – P2 (V2 – V1)
(D) – P1 (V2 – V1)
Q.5 The work done in ergs for the reversible expansion of one mole of an ideal gas from a volume of
10 lit to 20 lit at 25 0C is :
(A) – 2.303 × 298 × 0.082 log2 (B) – 298 × 107 × 8.31 × 2.3031 log2
(C) – 2.303 × 298 × 0.082 log0.5 (D) – 8.31 × 107 × 298 × 2.303 log0.5
Q.6 Find the work done when one mole of the gas is expanded reversibly and isothermally from 5
atm to 1 atm at 25°C.

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Q.7 Shaded area in the graph will be (in atm-L) :

(A) 11.5 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 3.5

Q.7 At 25ºC, a 0.01 mole sample of a gas is compressed in volume from 4.0 L to 1.0 L at constant
temperature. What is work done for this process if the external pressure is 4.0 bar ?
Q.8 The valve on a cylinder containing initially 1 liters of an ideal gas at 7 atm and 25ºC is opened
to the atmosphere, whose pressure is 760 torr and the temperature is 25ºC. Assuming that the
process is isothermal, how much work (in L.atm) is done on the atmosphere by the action of
expansion ?
Q.9 Calculate magnitude of minimum work done for ideal gas when change of state take place from
(3 atm,1lit) to (1 atm, 3 lit) at 300 K
[Given : ln 3 = 1.1 , 1 lit-atm = 101 J]
(A) 303 J (B) 333 (C) 101 (D) 202 J
Q.10 One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas expanded irreversibly in two stage expansion.
State-1 (8.0 bar, 4.0 L, 300 K)
State-2 (2.0 bar, 16 L, 300 K)
State-3 (1.0 bar, 32 L, 300 K)
Total heat absorbed by the gas in the process is :
(A) 116 J (B) 40 J (C) 4000 J (D) 200 J

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DPP-07
ISOCHORIC AND ISOBARIC PROCESS

Q.1 In an isochoric process the increase in internal energy is

(A) Equal to the heat absorbed
(B) Equal to the heat evolved
(C) Equal to the work done
(D) Equal to the sum of the heat absorbed and work done
Q.2 Process in which work done will be non-zero

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.3 Volume v/s Temperature graph of 3 moles of O2 gas is as shown in figure. The ratio of heat
absorbed & the work done by the gas in process 1-2 is –

7 7 5
(A) (B) 3 (C) (D)
2 5 2
Q.4 2 mol of an ideal gas was subjected to following process -
Re versible
(T1 = 400K, P1 = 1 atm) ⎯⎯⎯⎯
Isobarically
→ (T2 = 300K, P2 = 1 atm)
The work done is
(A) +831.4 J (B) +1662.8 J (C) –1662.8 J (D) –831.4 J
Q.5 Calculate the work done in Joules when 1.0 mole of N 2H4 decomposed completely against a
pressure of 1.0 atm at 27°C, [Given R = 8.3 J/mol/K]
N2H4(l) ⎯→ NH3(g) + N2(g)
(A) –4980 (B) –14940 (C) –2490 (D) –4150

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Q.6 One mole of Ideal gas (CP, m = 15 JK–1 mole–1) follow the process as shown in figure.

Calculate work done, Heat of process.

Q.7 Calculate the work done by 0.1 mole of a gas at 27 0 C to double its volume at constant pressure
(R = 2 cal mol–1 K–1)
Q.8 One mole of a real gas is subjected to a process from (2 bar, 30 lit, 300 K) to (2 bar, 50 lit, 400 K).
Calculate U.
Given : CV = 40 J/mol/K; Cp = 50 J/mol/K
(A) 4000 J (B) 2000 J (C) 1000 J (D) 5000 J

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DPP-08
ADIABATIC PROCESS

Q.1 The temperature of an ideal gas increases in an :

(A) adiabatic compression (B) adiabatic expansion
(C) isothermal expansion (D) isothermal compression
Q.2 Which of the following is correct, for the reversible adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas?
(A) P γ−1 T γ = constant
(B) TV γ−1 = constant
(C) PV γ−1 = constant
(D) PT γ = constant
Q.3 What may be correct for ideal gas in adiabatic process -
(A) H = 0
(B) U = 0

(C) W= P2 V2 − P1V1


(D) W = –Pext(V2 – V1)

Q.4 During adiabatic expansion, an ideal gas obeys VT 3 = constant, the gas must be -
(A) Monoatomic
(B) Diatomic
(C) Triatomic linear
(D) Triatomic non-linear
Q.5 If a gas expands adiabatically from 1 t. to 12 t. against a constant pressure of 0.75 atm. The

U of the gas is :
(A)–853.9 J (B) 835.9 J (C) 853.9 J (D) –835.9 J

Q.6 A gas  C v.m = 5 R  behaving ideally was allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from 1
 2 

L to 32 L. Its initial temperature was 327° C. The molar enthalpy change (in J/mole) for the
process is :-
(A) –1125 R (B) – 575 R (C) –1575 R (D) –75 R

Q.7 One mole of an ideal gas  C v, m = 5 R  at 300 K and 5 atm is expanded adiabatically to a final
 2 

pressure of 2 atm. Final temperature of the gas is :

(A) 270 K (B) 273 K (C)248.5 K (D) 200 K

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Q.8 Two moles of an ideal gas (CV = 5 R) was compressed adiabatically against constant pressure
2
of 2 atm, which was initially at 350 K and 1 atm pressure. The work involve in the process is
equal to :
(A) 250 R (B) 300 R (C) 400 R (D) 500 R
Q.9 One mole of ideal gas is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from a temperature of
27°C. If the work done by the gas in the process is 3 kJ, the final temperature will be equal to
(CV = 20 J/K-mol)
(A) 100 K (B) 450 K (C) 150 K (D) 400 K
Q.10 1 mole of NH3 gas at 27°C is expanded in reversible adiabatic condition to make volume 8 times
( = 4/3). Final temperature and work done respectively are :
(A) 150 K, 900 cal (B) 150 K, 400 cal
(C) 250 K, 1000 cal (D) 200 K, 800 cal
Q.11 In figure, A and B are two adiabatic curves for two different gases. Then A and B corresponds to :

(A) Ar and He respectively

(B) He and H2 respectively
(C) O2 and H2 respectively
(D) H2 and He respectively
Q.12 The magnitudes of enthalpy changes for irreversible adiabatic expansion of a gas from 1L to 2L
is H1 and for reversible adiabatic expansion for the same expansion is H2. Then
(A) H1 > H2
(B) H1 < H2
(C) H1 = H2
(D) H1 = U1 & H2 = U2 where U1 & U2 are magnitudes of change in internal energy of
gas in these expansions respectively.

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DPP-09
POLYTROPIC PROCESS
MULTISTEP PROCESS

Q.1 Internal energy of an ideal gas increase in-

(A) Adiabatic compression
(B) Isothermal expansion
(C) Isobaric compression
(D) Adiabatic expansion
Q.2 Work for the following process ABCD on a monoatomic gas is :

P
P0 A B

Isothermal

C
D

V0 2V0 4V0 V
(A) W = – 2 P0 V0 ln 2, (B) W = – 2 P0 V0 ln 2,
(C) W = – P0 V0 (1+ ln 2), (D) W = – P0 V0 ln 2,
Q.3 2 mol of He gas is undergoing through following process work during the process ABCD is –

(A) +100 R
(B) + 200 R
(C) 300 R
(D) 400 R

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Q.4 Two mol of He gas ( =5/3) are initially at temp 27ºC and occupy a volume of 20 L.
The gas is first expanded at constant pressure until its volume is doubled. then it undergoes
and reversible adiabatic change, unit the volume become 110 L, then predict the value of T/100
2/3

(where T is the final temperature, =   = 1 )

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Q.5 One mole of an ideal gas (not necessarily monoatomic) is subjected to the following sequence
of steps.
(a) It is heated at constant volume from 298 K to 373 K
(b) It is expanded freely into a vacuum to double volume at 373 K.
(c) It is cooled reversibly at constant pressure to 298K.
Calculate q, w, U and H for the overall process.
Q.6 If W1 , W2 & W3 are magnitude of work done of an ideal gas in isothermal, adiabatic & isobaric
reversible expansion process from same initial stage to same final volume. Then correct order
will be :
(A) W3 > W1 > W2
(B) W3 > W2 > W1
(C) W2 > W1 > W3
(D) W1 > W2 > W3

Q.7 An ideal gaseous sample at initial state i (P 0 , V0,T0) is allowed to expand to volume 2V 0 using
two different processes. In the first process the equation of process is PV 2 = K1 and in second
process the equation of the process is PV = K 2 . Then,
(A) The order of values of work done can’t be compared unless we know the value of K1 and K2.
(B) work done in first process will be greater than work in second process (magnitude wise)
irrespective of the value of K 1 and K2 .
(C) work done in second process will be greater than work in first process (magnitude wise)
irrespective of the value of K 1 and K2 .
(D) work done will be same as volume change is same.

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Q.8 If four identical samples of an ideal gas initially at similar state (P 0, V0, T0) are allowed to
expand to double their volumes by four different processes.

 : by isothermal irreversible process

 : by reversible process having equation P 2 V = constant
 : by reversible adiabatic process
V : by irreversible adiabatic expansion against constant external pressure.
Then, in the graph shown the final state is represented by four different points then, the correct
match can be
(A) 1 –  , 2 - , 3 – , 4 - V (B) 1 –  , 2 - , 3 – V, 4 - 
(C) 2 –  , 3 - , 4 – , 1 - V (D) 3 –  , 1 - , 3 – V, 4 - 
Q.9 For an ideal monoatomic gas during any process T = kV, find out the molar heat capacity of the
gas during the process. (Assume vibrational degrees of freedom to be active).
5 7
(A) R (B) 3R (C) (D) 4 R
2 2

Q.10 For 1 mole of ideal monoatomic gas if P2 = constant and initial temperature is 100 K. If gas is
V
expanded from 1 L to 2 L then find in cal. (a) heat capacity (b) total heat absorbed (c) work
done (d) change in internal energy.
(Assume R = 0.0821 L atm mole –1 K–1, 1 atm.lit = 24 cal)
1
Q.11 mol of an ideal monatomic gas undergoes a reversible process for which PV 2 =C.
22.4
The gas is expanded from initial volume of 1 L to final volume of 2 L starting from initial
temperature of 273 K. Find the heat exchanged q during the process. Express your answer in litre
22.4
atm. (R = L atm mole–1 K–1).
273

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DPP-10
CYCLIC PROCESS
Q.1 A cyclic process ABCD is shown in PV diagram for an ideal gas. which of the following diagram
represents the same process? [Given Process BC and DA are isothermal]

A B C D D C
A B

V C V A V B
(A) (B) (C) (D) V D

D B A C
T T T T

Q.2 Which of the following graph represents a cyclic different from remaining three?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.3 An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCDA as shown in figure. The net work done during the
cycle is equal to :-
B D
P2
P
P1
A C

V1 V V2

(A) Zero (B) Positive (C) Negative (D)Can’t be predicted

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Q.4 Total work done in given cyclic process is-

(A) Greater than zero (B) Less than zero

(C) Equal to zero (D) Can’t determine
Q.5 An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCA as shown in P-V diagram. The net work done by the
gas during the cycle is equal to :
(A) 12P1V1
(B) 6P1V1
(C) 5P1V1
(D) P1V1
Q.6 What is the net work done when 1 mole of monoatomic ideal gas undergoes in a process
described by 1, 2, 3, 4 in given V–T graph. (Use : R = 2cal/mole K, ln 2= 0.7)
40L 3

2
V 20L
10L 4
1
T
300K 600K
(A) –600 cal (B) – 660 cal (C) + 660 cal (D) + 600 cal
Q.7 Calculate the magnitude of work done (in atm lit.) for the given cyclic process involving 1 mol
of an ideal gas. [Given: R = 0.08 atm lit./mol/K]

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Q.8 Work done (in kJ) by the gas in the following cyclic process is

(A) –11 (B) –11000 (C) 11 (D) 11000

Q.9 A heat engine that converts heat into mechanical work involving ideal monoatomic gas
performing following cycle

Calculate the efficiency of the cycle (Use : ln2 = 0.7)

(A) 50 % (B) 23.5 % (C) 32.5 % (D) 52.3%
Q.10 One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is carried through the reversible cycle of the given figure
consisting of step A, B and C and involving states 1, 2 and 3. Fill in the blank space in the table
given below assuming reversible steps.
Step Name of process q w U H
A
B
C
overall

Q.11 One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is put through reversible path as shown in figure.
Fill in the blank in the tables given below.
Step Name of process q w U H
A
B
C
cyclic

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Q.12 One mole of a perfect monoatomic gas is put through a cycle consisting of the three reversible
steps. The steps are shown schematically in the figure shown.
Given C to A is Isothermal compression.
(a) Calculate T1 and T2
(b) Calculate U, q and w in calories, for each step and for the cycle.

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EXERCISE-II
(JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)
Single Correct Question
1. One mole of ideal monoatomic gas undergoes expansion along a straight line on P–V curve from
initial state A(3 L, 8 atm) to final state B(7.5L, 2atm.) Calculate the magnitude of q for the above
process in L atm.

2. The heat capacity of liquid water is 75.6 J/mol-K, while the enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6.0
kJ/mol. What is the minimum number of ice cubes at 0°C, each containing 9.0 g of water,
needed to cool 500 g of liquid water from 20°C to 0°C ?

(A) 1 (B) 7 (C) 14 (D) 16

3. A certain mass of gas is expanded from (1L, 10 atm) to (4L, 5 atm) against a constant external
pressure of 1 atm. If initial temperature of gas is 300 K and the heat capacity of process is 50
J/°C. Then the enthalpy change during the process is (1L atm ~ 100 J)

(A) H = 15 kJ (B) H = 15.7 kJ (C) H = 14.4 kJ (D) H = 14.7 kJ

4. For the reaction, 2A (g) + 3B (g) ⎯→ 4C (g) + D () : H = –20 KJ/mole

Find the heat exchanged when 0.4 mole of A reacts with excess of B in a closed rigid container.
The temperature is constant at 300 K. [R=8.3 J/K mole]
5. The external pressure 2 atm is applied on frictionless movable piston, fitted in a vessel containing
100g of X(l) at 450 K. Now heat is supplied keeping pressure constant till 40g of X is evaporated
to form X(g) at 500 K(Boiling point). Calculate change in internal (U) energy in kJ for overall
process. Assume vapour of X(l) behaves like an ideal gas.

Given: Molar heat capacity of X(l)= 60 J/mol. K; Hvaporisation= 30 kJ/mol;

R = 8.3 J/mol-K Atomic weight of X = 20 g/mol.
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6. A liquid confined inside an adiabatic container is suddenly taken from state 1 to state 2 by single
stage process as shown, then H is]

2𝛾 𝑃0 𝑉0 3𝛾𝑃0 𝑉0
(A) H = (B) H = P0V0 (C) H = – 3P0V0 (D) H =
𝛾 −1 𝛾 −1

7. Calculate magnitude of work done in calorie for one mole of an ideal gas subjected to the process
as shown in figure.
[Given: R = 2 Cal/ mol / K, ln 2 = 0.7]

8. Two samples (initially under same states) of an ideal gas are first allowed to expand to double
their volume using irreversible isothermal expansion against constant external pressure, then
samples are returned back to their original volume first by reversible adiabatic process and
second by reversible process having equation PV 2 = constant then

(A) final temperature of both samples will be equal

(B) final temperature of first sample will be greater than of second sample
(C) final temperature of second sample will be greater than of first sample
(D) none of theseA
9. Which of the following graph is correct for reversible adiabatic process for an ideal gas

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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10. For an ideal gas three adiabatic processes are carried out up to same final pressure from same
initial state. If adiabatic reversible process ends up at point 'B' and adiabatic single step
irreversible process ends up at point 'C' then adiabatic free expansion upto same final pressure
will end up at –

(A) A (B) P (C) Q (D) R

3 5
11. 0.5 mole each of two ideal gases A (C v=2 R) and B (Cv = 2 R) are taken in a container and expand
reversibly and adiabatically from V = 1 L to V = 4 L starting from initial temperature T = 300 K
Find |H| for the process in (cal/mol)
12. 2 mole of ideal monoatomic gas was subjected to reversible adiabatic compression from initial
state of P = 1 atm and T = 300 K till the pressure is 4√ 2 atm and temperature is TK. The gas is
then subjected to reversible isothermal expansion at TK till the internal pressure is one atm.
The gas is now isobarically cooled to attain initial state. Find W Net (in calorie) for whole
process.(Use In 2 = 0.7)

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More Than One May Correct

13. Select the correct statements
(A) System having non-permeable and adiabatic boundary must be isolated
(B) Molarity, normality & molality all are intensive properties

(C) U = q + w can be used for any system.

(D) Close system can transfer energy only.
14. A system is changed from initial state to final state in such a manner that H= q, if the same
change from initial state to final state were made by different path, which of the following
statements are correct.

(A) H remains the same (B) H will depend upon the path
(C) Heat exchange will be same (D) Heat exchanged q will be different
15. Select the correct statement -
(A) Internal energy can be written as U=f(P,T) for a substance not undergoing any physical or
chemical change
(B) Internal energy can be written as U=f(V,T) for a substance not undergoing any physical or
chemical change

(C) U must be zero for a chemical reaction at constant temperature

(D) H and heat exchange are same in any process

16. Select the correct option(s) for a substance not undergoing any chemical and phase change
(A) q = nCv dT is applicable to all substances during heating/cooling at constant ‘v’.
(B) q = nCv dT is applicable for ideal gas during heating/cooling at constant ‘v’ only.
(C) dU = nCv dT is applicable for real gas at constant ‘v’ only
(D) dU = nCv dT is applicable for ideal gas undergoing any process
17. Choose the correct statement(s) among the following :
(A) Internal energy of H 2O remains constant during conversion of liquid into its vapour at
constant temperature.
(B) During fusion of ice into water enthalpy change and internal energy change are almost same
at constant temperature.
(C) During boiling of H2O at 1 atm, 100ºC potential energy of H 2O molecules increases.
(D) During boiling of H2O at 1 atm, 100ºC kinetic energy of H 2O molecules increases.

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18. An ideal gas undergoes adiabatic expansion against constant external pressure. Which of the
following is incorrect :

(A) Temperature of the system decreases.


(B) The relation PV = constant will be valid (where P and V are gas variables)

(C) U + Pext V = 0

(D) Enthalpy of the gas remains unchanged.

19. For an adiabatic irreversible process involving an ideal gas.

(A) U = nCv T (B) W = nCv T

(C) W = –Pext(V2 – V1) (D) U = –Pext (V2 – V1)

20. An ideal monoatomic gas is compressed from same initial state (1atm, 22.4 litre, 273K) to same
final volume by two different processes adiabatic irreversible and isothermal irreversible which
of the following is/are correct –

(A) The final pressure of isothermal process is greater than adiabatic process
(B) The final pressure of adiabatic process is greater than isothermal process
(C) Work done in adiabatic process is greater than isothermal

(D) Hadiabatic > Hisothermal

21. An ideal gas is taken from the same initial pressure P 1 to the same final pressure P2 by four
different processes. If it is known that point 3 corresponds to a reversible adiabatic, point 4
corresponds to a single step adiabatic and point 2 corresponds to reversible isothermal.

Select the incorrect option(s).

(A) Point 5 may be achieved by two step adiabatic process.

(B) Temperature of the gas is more at point 3 than at point 4.

(C) Temperature of the gas is more at point 3 than at point 2.

(D) Point 5 may be achieved by three step adiabatic process.

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22. Suppose that the volume of a certain ideal gas is to be doubled by one of the following processes:

(1) isothermal expansion (2) adiabatic expansion

(3) free expansion in insulated condition (4) expansion at constant pressure.

If E1,E2,E3 and E4 respectively are the changes in average kinetic energy of the molecules for the
above four processes, then-

(A) E2 = E3 (B) E1 = E3 (C) E1 > E4 (D) E4 > E3

23. Two moles of an ideal gas (Cv,m = 3 R) is subjected to following change of state
2
A(500K, 5.0 bar) B C (250 K, 1.0 bar)
Reversible Isochoric
isothermal cooling Single stage
expansion adiabatic
compression
D
(3 bar)

The correct statement is/are :

(A) The pressure at B is 2.0 bar (B) The temperature at D is 450 K

(C) HCD = 1000 R (D) UBC = 375 R

24. Consider an isothermal cylinder mass less piston assembly in which ideal gas is filled. Cross
sectional area of the cylinder = 1m2. Three masses m1, m2 & m3 are kept on the piston. When m1
is removed, piston moves upto point A. When m1 & m2 both are removed piston moves upto point
B & when m1 , m2 & m3 all three are removed, piston moves upto point C.
[Given: m1 = 2 × 104 kg, m2 = 3 × 104 kg, g= 10m/s2]

(A) ‘m3’ = 5 × 104 kg

(B) Volume of gas at point B is 10 lit.
(C) Pressure of gas at point B is 5 × 10 5 Pa
(D) Work done when piston moves from B to C is –3200 J.1.

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Paragraph based Questions

Paragraph for question nos. 25 to 28
The vapour pressure of H2O (l) at 353 K is 532 mm Hg. The external pressure on H 2O (l) taken in
a cylinder fitted with frictionless movable piston initially containing 0.9 L (= 0.9 kg) of H 2O (l) at
352 K is increased to 1 atm. Temperature remained constant. Now, heat is supplied keeping
pressure constant till 0.45 L of H 2O (l) (=0.45 kg) is evaporated to from H 2O (g) at 373 K. Carefully
observe the diagrams provided and from given data, answer the following questions

Specific heat of H 2O 4.2 J/ gmº C Use

Given: H vap at 373K and1atm = + 40 KJ / mol 1Latm =100 Joule
1atm = 760 mm Hg R = 8 Jole / mole K

(Assume internal energy of liquid to be dependent only on temperature).

25. H (in J), when system is taken from State-1 to State-2, is

(A) zero (B) 0.27 (C) 27 (D) 90
26. Total change in U (in kJ) going from State-1 to State-3 is
(A) 75.6 (B) 1075.6 (C) 1001 (D) 74.6
27. Total change in enthalpy (in kJ) going from State-I to State-3 is
(A) 75.6 (B) 1075.6 (C) 1001 (D) 74.6
28. What is the magnitude of work done (in J) in going State-1 to State-3?
(A) Zero (B) 74.6 (C) 90 (D) 31.5
Paragraph for question nos. 29 to 31

An ideal gas (CP/CV = ) is expanded so that the amount of heat transferred to the gas is equal to
the decrease in its internal energy.
29. What is the molar heat capacity of gas in this process?
(A) CV (B) –CV (C) CP (D) 2 CV

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30. What is the relationship between temperature and volume of gas in this process ?
(A) T. V2(–1) = constant (B) T. V –1 = constant
(C) T. V(–1)/2 = constant (D) T. V = constant
31. What is the magnitude of work performed by one mole of the gas when its volume increases eight
times if the initial temperature of the gas in 300 K ? C V for the gas in 1.5 R.

(R = 2 Cal / mol/ K)

(A) 900 Cal (B) 450 Cal (C) 1247.7 Cal (D) 623. 8 Cal

PARAGRAPH FOR Q.32 TO Q.34

A cylindrical container of volume 44.8 L is containing equal no. of moles (in integer no.) of an
ideal monoatomic gas in two sections A and B separated by an adiabatic frictionless piston as
shown in figure. The initial temperature and pressure of gas in both section is 27.3K and 1 atm.
Now gas in section ‘A’ is slowly heated till the volume of section B becomes (1/8) th of initial
volume

Frictionless adiabatic piston Frictionless adiabatic piston

The gas q
in section Adiabatic wall
Adiabatic wall
‘A’ is heated A B A B
reversibly 22.4L 22.4L

Initial state Final state

3
(Given : R = 2 cal/mol-K, Cv,m of monoatomic gas = R.
2
At 1 atm & 0°C ideal gas occupies 22.4 lit)

32. What will be the final pressure in container B.

(A) 2 atm (B) 8 atm (C) 16 atm (D) 32 atm

33. Final temperature in container A will be :

(A) 1638 K (B) 6988 K (C) 3274 K (D) 51 K
34. Change in enthalpy for section A in kcal :
(A) 48.3 (B) 80.53 (C) 4.83 (D) 8.05

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Paragraph for Q.35 to Q.37

1 mole of ideal gas undergoing cyclic process ABCA consisting of isothermal expansion AB, isobaric
compression BC & adiabatic compression CA.

[Given : TA = 400 K ;  = 1.5, ln 2 = 0.7, 2–1/3 = 0.8]

35. What is the temperature at C

(A) 500 K (B) 320 K (C) 280 K (D) 240 K
36. What is net heat change in cycle
(A) –40 R (B) 40 R (C) 180 R (D) –180 R
37. What is % efficiency of cycle (nearly)
(A) 5% (B) 14% (C) 66.6% (D) 50%

PARAGRAPH FOR Q.38 TO Q.39

One mol of ideal monoatomic gas undergo the state change as shown in the following graph
(ln 2 = 0.7)

20

V
(L) 10

300 600
T(K)

38. Correct graph for the process in paragraph is -

P P P P
(A) (B) (C) (D)

V V T T

39. Efficiency of the cycle will be -

(A) 50% (B) 25 % (C) 13.63 % (D) 12 %

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Matching List
40. Match for ideal monoatomic gas -
List-I List-II
(P) Isothermal process (A) U decrease during reversible expansion
(Q) Adiabatic process (B) U remain same during process
(R) Cyclic process (C) P-V work is zero

(S) Isochoric process (D) H = 0

Code:
P Q R S
(A) 4 1 2 3
(B) 2 4 3 1
(C) 4 2 1 3
(D) 2 1 4 3
41. Match the following, and select the correct code :-
Column-I Column-II
(P) Isothermal process (reversible) (1) q = 2.303 nRT log P1
P2

(Q) Adiabatic process (reversible) (2) PV = const.

(R) Isochoric process (3) q = Pext. (V 2 – V1)
(S) Isothermal process (irreversible) (4) Area under P-V curve is zero
Code:
P Q R S
(A) 2 1 4 3
(B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 2 1 3 4
(D) 1 2 3 4

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42. Match the column :

(Given Process does not include chemical reaction and phase change)
Column I Column II
(Relation) (Applicable to)

(A) H = U + (PV) (P) Any matter undergoing any process

(B) H = nCp T (Q) Isochoric process involving any substance

(C) q = U (R) Ideal gas, under any process

(D) H = U + nR T (S) Ideal gas under isothermal process
(T) Any substance undergoing isobaric process.
43. Column–I Column–II

(A) Isothermal vaporisation of water at 100°C & 1 atm (P) T = 0

(B) Isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas (Q) U = 0

(C) Adiabatic free expansion of ideal gas (R) H = 0

(S) q = 0

44. Column-I Column-II

(A) Isochoric heating involving an ideal gas (P) W < 0
(B) Isothermal free expansion of an ideal gas (Q) Q < 0

(C) Isothermal compression of an ideal gas (R) U = 0

(D) Condensation at boiling point (S) H > 0

(T) T = 0

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EXERCISE (JEE-MAINS)
1. The internal energy change when a system goes from state A to B is 40 kJ/mole. If the system
goes from A to B by a reversible path and returns to state A by an irreversible path what would
be the net change in internal energy ? [AIEEE-2003]
(A) < 40 kJ (B) Zero (C) 40 kJ (D) > 40 kJ
2. Consider the reaction : N 2 + 3H2 ⎯→ 2NH3 carried out at constant temperature and pressure, if
H and U are the enthalpy and internal energy changes for the reaction, which of the
following expressions is true ? [AIEEE-2005]
(A) H = U (B) H = 0 (C) H > U (D) H < U
3. An ideal gas is allowed to expand both adiabatic reversibly and adiabatic irreversibly. If T i is the
initial temperature and Tf is the final temperature, which of the following statements is
correct:- [AIEEE-2006]
(A) Tf > Ti for reversible process but Tf = Ti for irreversible process
(B) (Tf)rev = (Tf)irrev
(C) Tf = Ti for both reversible and irreversible processes
(D) (Tf)irrev > (Tf)rev
4. Assuming that water vapour is an ideal gas, the internal energy change (U) when 1 mol of
water is vapourised at 1 bar pressure and 100°C, (Given : Molar enthalpy of vapourisation of
water at 1 bar and 373 K = 41 kJ mol –1 and R = 8.3 J mol–1 K–1 will be) :- [AIEEE-2007]
(A) 4.100 kJ mol–1 (B) 3.7904 kJ mol–1
(C) 37.904 kJ mol–1 (D) 41.00 kJ mol–1
5. The value of enthalpy change (H) for the reaction
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

at 27°C is –1366.5 kJ mol–1. The value of internal energy change for the above reaction at this
temperature will be :- [AIEEE-2011]
(A) –1371.5 kJ (B) –1369.0 kJ
(C) –1364.0 kJ (D) –1361.5 kJ
6. The difference between the reaction enthalpy change (rH) and reaction internal energy
change (rU) for the reaction : [JEE MAIN (online)- 2012]
2C6H6(l) + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) at 300 K is (R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1)
(A) 0 J mol–1 (B) 2490 J mol–1
(C) –2490 J mol–1 (D) –7482 J mol–1

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7. Which of the following statements/relationships is not correct in thermodynamic changes ?

[JEE MAIN (online)- 2014]
V2
(A) q = –nRT ln (isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas)
V1
(B) For a system at constant volume, heat involved merely changes to internal energy.
V2
(C) w = –nRT ln (isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas)
V1
(D) U = 0 (isothermal reversible expansion of a gas)

8. If 100 mol of H2O2 decompose at 1 bar and 300K, the work done (kJ) by one mole of O 2(g) as it
expands against 1 bar pressure is : (R = 8.3 J K–1 mol–1) [JEE Main(online) 2016]
2H2O2(l) ⎯→ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
(A) 498.00 (B) 249.00 (C) 124.50 (D) 62.25

9. U is equal to : [JEE MAIN–2017]

(A) Adiabatic work (B) Isothermal work (C) Isochoric work (D) Isobaric work

10. For a reaction, A(g) → A(l) ; H = –3RT. The correct statement for the reaction is :
[Jee Main(online) 2017]
(A) |H| > |U| (2) H = U  0 (C) |H| < |U| (D) H = U = 0

11. A gas undergoes change from A to state B. In this process, the heat absorbed and work done by
the gas is 5J and 8 J, respectively. Now gas is brought back to A by another process of during
which 3 J of heat is evolve. In this reverse process of B to A :- [Jee Main(online) 2017]
(A) 10 J of the work will be done by the surrounding on gas.
(B) 6 J of the work will be done by the surrounding on gas.
(C) 10 J of the work will be done by the gas.
(D) 6 J of the work will be done by the gas.

12. An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as shown in figure. [Jee Main (online) 2018]
UBC = –5 kJ mol–1 , qAB = 2 kJ mol–1
WAB = –5 kJ mol–1, WCA = 3 kJ mol–1
Heat absorbed by the system during process CA is :
(A) 18 kJ mol–1 (B) +5 kJ mol–1
(C) –5 kJ mol–1 (D) –18 kJ mol–1

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13. Consider the reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas in a closed system at two different
temperatures T1 and T2 (T1 < T2). The correct graphical depiction of the dependence of work
done (w) on the final volume (V) is: [Jee-Main (Jan.) 2019]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
14. An ideal gas undergoes isothermal compression from 5 m 3 to 1 m3 against a constant external
pressure of 4 Nm–2. Heat released in this process is used to increase the temperature of 1 mole
of Al. If molar heat capacity of Al is 24 J mol–1 K–1, the temperature of Al increases by :
[Jee-Main (Jan.) 2019]

(A) 3 K (B) 2 K (C) 1 K (D) 2 K

2 3
15. For a diatomic ideal gas in a closed system, which of the following plots does not correctly
describe the relation between various thermodynamic quantities? [Jee-Main (Jan.) 2019]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
16. The combination of plots which does not represent isothermal expansion of an ideal gas is:
[Jee-Main (Jan.) 2019]

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) and (D) (B) (A) and (D) (C) (A) and (C) (D) (B) and (C)
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17. For silver, Cp(J K–1 mol–1) = 23 + 0.01T. If the temperature (T) of 3 moles of silver is raised from
300 K to 1000 K at 1 atm pressure, the value of H will be close to :
[Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) 16 kJ (B) 13 kJ (C) 62 kJ (D) 21 kJ
18. Which one of the following equations does not correctly represent the first law of
thermodynamics for the given processes involving an ideal gas ? (Assume non-expansion work
is zero) [Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) Cyclic process : U = – w (B) Cyclic process : q = – w
(C) Isochoric process : U = q (D) Isothermal process : q = – w
19. 5 moles of an ideal gas at 100 K are allowed to undergo reversible compression till its
temperature becomes 200 K. If C v = 28 J K–1 mol–1, calculate U and PV for this process.
(R = 8.0 J K–1 mol–1) [Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) U = 14 J; (PV) = 0.8 J (B) U = 2.8 kJ; (PV) = 0.8 kJ
(C) U = 14 kJ; (PV) = 18 kJ (D) U = 14 kJ; (PV) = 4 kJ
20. Among the following, the set of parameters that represents path functions, is :
[Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) q + w (B) q (C) w (D) H – TS
(A) (B) and (C) (B) (A) and (D) (C) (A), (B) and (C) (D) (B), (C) and (D)

21. During compression of a spring the work done is 10kJ and 2kJ escaped to the surroundings as
heat. The change in internal energy, U (in kJ) is: [Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) 8 (B) –8 (C) 12 (D) –12
22. An ideal gas is allowed to expand from 1 L to 10 L against a constant external pressure of 1 bar.
The work done in kJ is: [Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) –9.0 (B) –0.9 (C) –2.0 (D) + 10.0
23. The difference between H and U (H–U), when the combustion of one mole of heptane (I)
is carried out at a temperature T, is equal to : [Jee-Main (Apr.) 2019]
(A) 4 RT (B) –4 RT (C) –3 RT (D) 3RT
24. The magnitude of work done by a gas that undergoes a reversible expansion along the path A
BC ? [Jee Main, 2020]

shown in the figure is _________.

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25. At constant volume, 4 mol an ideal gas when heated from 300 K to 500 K changes its internal
energy by 5000 J. The molar heat capacity at constant volume is ________ . [Jee Main, 2020]
Multiply your answer with 100
26. For one mole of an ideal gas, which of these statements must be true? [Jee Main, 2020]
(a) U and H each depends only on temperature
(b) Compressibility factor z is not equal to 1
(c) CP, m – CV, m = R
(d) dU = CV dT for any process
(A) (a) and (c) (B) (b), (c) and (d) (C) (a), (c) and (d) (D) (c) and (d)
27. A system does 200 J of work and at the same time absorbs 150 J of heat. The magnitude of the
change in internal energy is J. (Nearest integer) [Jee Main, 2021]
28. At 25 C, 50 g of iron reacts with HCl to form FeCl2 . The evolved hydrogen gas expands against a
∘

constant pressure of 1 bar. The work done by the gas during this expansion is J.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[Given : R = 8.314 J mol−1 K −1 . Assume, hydrogen is an ideal gas]
[Atomic mass of Fe is 55.85u ] [Jee Main, 2021]

29. An ideal monoatomic gas traverses the cycle ABCD as shown below in the figure. The work
done during the cycle is 𝑥PV. The value of 𝑥 is. (Nearest integer) [Jee Main, 2021]

30. The work done by an ideal monoatomic gas when it is taken along the path 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 as shown in
the figure is xP0 V0. The value of (−x) is . (Nearest integer) [ln 2 = 0.69] [Jee Main, 2021]

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31. Among the following the number of state variable is _________. [JEE Main, July 2022]
Internal energy (U), Volume (V), Heat (q), Enthalpy (H)
32. 2.2 g of nitrous oxide (N 2O) gas is cooled at a constant pressure of 1 atm from 310 K to 270 K
causing the compression of the gas from 217.1 mL to 167.75 ml. The change in internal energy
of the process, U is '–x' J. The value of 'x' is ______. [Nearest integer]
(Given: atomic mass of N = 14 g mol–1 and of O = 16 g mol–1.
Molar heat capacity of N 2O is 100 JK–1 mol–1) [JEE Main, June 2022]
33. Match List-I with List-II [JEE Main, June 2022]
List-I List-II
(A) Spontaneous process (I) H < 0
(B) Process with P = 0, T = 0 (II) GT.P. < 0
(C) Hreaction (III) Isothermal and isobaric process
(D) Exothermic process (IV) [Bond energies of molecules in
reactants] - [Bond energies of product
molecules
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) (A) – (III), (B) – (II), (C) – (IV), (D) – (I) (B) (A) – (II), (B) – (III), (C) – (IV), (D) – (I)
(C) (A) – (II), (B) – (III), (C) – (I), (D) – (IV) (D) (A) – (II), (B) – (I), (C) – (III), (D) – (IV)
34. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is subjected to changes as shown in the graph. The magnitude
of the work done (by the system or on the system) is _______ J [JEE Main, Jan 2023]

Given: log 2 = 0.3, ln 10 = 2.3

35. An athlete is given 100 g of glucose (C 6 H12 O 6 ) for energy. This is equivalent to 1800 kJ of energy.
The 50% of this energy gained is utilized by the athlete for sports activities at the event. In order to
avoid storage of energy, the weight of extra water he would need to perspire is_______g (Nearest
integer)
Assume that there is no other way of consuming stored energy.
Given : The enthalpy of evaporation of water is 45 kJ mol–1
Molar mass of C, H & O are 12. 1 and 16 g mol–1. [JEE Main, Jan 2023]

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36. 1 mole of ideal gas is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from a temperature of 27°C.
The work done is 3 kJ mol-1 . The final temperature of the gas is _______K (Nearest integer). Given
Cv = 20 J mol–1 K–1 . [JEE Main, Jan 2023]

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EXERCISE (JEE-ADVANCED)
1. A sample of argon gas at 1 atm pressure and 27°C expands reversibly and adiabatically from
1.25 dm3 to 2.50 dm3. Calculate the enthalpy change in this process. C v,m for argon is
12.48 JK–1 mol–1 [JEE Adv. 2000]
2. Which of the following statement is false ? [JEE Adv. 2001]
(A) Work is a state function
(B) Temperature is a state function
(C) Change of state is completely defined when initial and final states are specified.
(D) Work appears at the boundary of the system
3. One mole of non-ideal gas undergoes a change of state (2.0 atm, 3.0 L, 95 K) to
(4.0 atm, 5.0 L, 245 K) with a change in internal energy (U) = 30.0 Latm. The change in
enthalpy (H) of the process in Latm. [JEE Adv. 2002]
(A) 40.0 (B) 42.3
(C) 44.0 (D) Not defined, because pressure is not constant
4. Two moles of a perfect gas undergo the following process. [JEE Adv. 2002]
(a) A reversible isobaric expansion from (1.0 atm, 20.0 L) to (1.0 atm, 40.0 L);
(b) A reversible isochoric change of state from (1.0 atm, 40.0 L) to (0.5 atm, 40.0 L);
(c) A reversible isothermal compression from (0.5 atm, 40.0 L) to (1.0 atm, 20.0 L);
(i) Sketch with labels each of the processes on the same P-V diagram.
(ii) Calculate the total work (w) and the total heat change (q) involved in the above processes.
(iii) What will be the values of U, H and S for the overall process ?
5. Cv value of He is always 3R/2 but Cv value of H2 is 3R/2 at low temperature and 5R/2 at
moderate temperature and more than 5R/2 at higher temperature. Explain in two or three
lines. [JEE Adv. 2003]
6. One mole of a liquid (1 bar, 100 ml) is taken in an adiabatic container and the pressure
increases steeply to 100 bar. Then at a constant pressure of 100 bar, volume decrease by 1 ml.
Find U and H. [JEE Adv. 2004]
7. Two mole of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly from 1 litre to 10 litre at 300
K. The enthalpy change (in KJ) for the process is :– [JEE Adv. 2004]
(A) 11.4 kJ (B) – 11.4 kJ (C) 0 kJ (D) 4.8 kJ

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8. One mole of monoatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically at initial temp. T against a constant
external pressure of 1 atm from one litre to two litre. Find out the final temperature.
(R = 0.0821 litre. atm K–1 mol–1) [JEE Adv. 2005]
T 2 2
(A) T (B) 5 (C) T− (D) T +
3  0.0821 3  0.0821
( 2)
−1
3

9. For the reaction,

2CO(g) + O2 ⎯→ 2CO2(g); H = – 560 kJ mol–1
In one litre vessel at 500 K the initial pressure is 70 atm and after the reaction it becomes 40 atm
at constant volume of one litre. Calculate change is internal energy. All the above gases show
significant deviation from ideal behaviour. (1 L atm = 0.1 kJ) [JEE Adv. 2006]

10. The molar heat capacity of a monoatomic gas for which the ratio of pressure and volume is one.
[JEE Adv. 2006]

(A) 4 R (B) 3 R (C) 5 R (D) zero

2 2 2

11. Among the following, the state function(s) is (are) [JEE Adv. 2009]
(A) Internal energy
(B) Irreversible expansion work
(C) Reversible expansion work
(D) Molar enthalpy

12. Among the following, extensive property is (properties are) [JEE Adv.-2010]
(A) molar conductivity (B) electromotive force
(C) resistance (D) heat capacity

13. One mole of an ideal gas is taken from a to b along two paths denoted by the solid and the dashed
lines as shown in the graph below. If the work done along the solid line path is w s and that along
the dotted line path is wd, then the integer close to the ratio w d / ws is –

[JEE Adv. 2010]

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14. The reversible expansion of an ideal gas under adiabatic and isothermal conditions is shown in
the figure. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct ? [JEE Adv. 2012]

(A) T1 = T2 (B) T3 > T1

(C) wisothermal > wadiabatic (D) Uisothermal > Uadiabatic
Paragraph for Question 15 and 16
A fixed mass 'm' of a gas is subjected to transformation of states from K to L to M to N and back
to K as shown in the figure. [JEE Adv. 2013]

15. The pair of isochoric processes among the transformation of states is

(A) K to L and L to M (B) L to M and N to K
(C) L to M and M to N (D) M to N and N to K
16. The succeeding operations that enable this transformation of states are
(A) Heating, cooling, heating, cooling (B) cooling, heating, cooling, heating
(C) Heating, cooling, cooling, heating (D) Cooling, heating, heating, cooling
17. An ideal gas in thermally insulated vessel at internal pressure = P 1, volume = V 1 and absolute
temperature = T1 expands irreversibly against zero external pressure, as shown in the diagram.
The final internal pressure, volume and absolute temperature of the gas are P 2, V2 and T2,
respectively. For this expansion, [JEE Adv. 2014]

(A) q = 0 (B) T2 = T1 (C) P2V2= P1V1 (D) P2V2 = P1V1

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18. An ideal gas is expanded from (p1, V1 , T1) to (p2,V2,T2) under different conditions. The
correct statement(s) among the following is (are) [JEE Adv. 2017]
(A) The work done on the gas is maximum when it is compressed irreversibly from (p2,V2) to
(p1, V1) against constant pressure p1
(B) The work done by the gas is less when it is expanded reversibly from V1 to V2 under
adiabatic conditions as compared to that when expanded reversibly from V1 to V2 under
isothermal conditions
(C) the change in internal energy of the gas is (i) zero, if it is expanded reversibly with T1 = T2 ,
and (ii) positive, if it is expanded reversibly under adiabatic conditions with T1  T2
(D) If the expansion is carried out freely, it is simultaneously both isothermal as well as
adiabatic.
19. A reversible cyclic process for an ideal gas is shown below. Here, P, V, and T are pressure,
volume and temperature, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters q, w, H and U are heat,
work, enthalpy and internal energy, respectively. [JEE Adv. 2018]

The correct option(s) is (are)

(A) qAC = UBC and wAB = P2(V2–V1) (B) wBC = P2 (V2 – V1) and qBC = HAC

(C) HCA< UCA and qAC = UBC (D) qBC = HAC and HCA > UCA

20. In thermodynamics, the P − V work done is given by [JEE Adv. 2020]

w = − ∫ dVPext

For a system undergoing a particular process, the work done is,

RT a
w = − ∫ dV ( − 2)
V−b V
This equation is applicable to a
(A) System that satisfies the van der Waals equation of state.
(B) Process that is reversible and isothermal.
(C) Process that is reversible and adiabatic.
(D) Process that is irreversible and at constant pressure.

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21. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes two reversible processes (A → B and B → C )
as shown in the given figure: [JEE Adv. 2023]

A → B is an adiabatic process. If the total heat absorbed in the entire process

(A → B and B → C) is RT2 ln 10, the value of 2log V3 is
5
[Use, molar heat capacity of the gas at constant pressure, Cp,m = 2 R ]

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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
(JEE-MAIN-LEVEL)
DPP-01
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (C)
8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (C)
DPP-02

11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (B)
18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (C) 21. (C)

DPP-03

22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (B) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (C)
29. (A) 30. (B) 31. ((i) positive, (ii) negative, (iii) negative, (iv) negative,)
32. (– 4 L-atm) 33. (5)

DPP-04

34. (B) 35. (A) 36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (A) 40. (D)
41. (D) 42. (60 J, –70 J or 10 J) 43. ((a) AC, (b) 170 J, (c) 10 J)

DPP-05

44. (A) 45. (44) 46. (B) 47. (A) 48. (B) 49. (A)
50. (73.3 kJ) 51. (D) 52. (D) 53. (1 Kcal) 54. (100 KJ/mole)
55. (178 KJ)
DPP-06

56. (D) 57. (D) 58. (C) 59. (A) 60. (B) 61. (w = –3.988 kJ)
62. (D) 63. (1.2 × 103 J) 64. (6 L-atm) 65. (D) 66. (C)

DPP-07

67. (A) 68. (C) 69. (A) 70. (B) 71. (D)
72. (W = 830.865 J, Q = –150 J) 73. (-60 cal) 74. (C)

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DPP-08

75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (D) 78. (D) 79. (D) 80. (C) 81. (C)
82. (D) 83. (C) 84. (A) 85. (B) 86. (B)

DPP-09

87. (A) 88. (A) 89. (B) 90. (3K)

91. (U & H = 0; w = 623.55; q = –623.55 mol–1 ) 92. (A) 93. (C) 94. (B)
95. (A)
96. ((a) cal, (b) 2566.66 cal, (c) – 448 cal, (d) 2118.66 cal) 97. (-0.25)

DPP-10

98. (C) 99. (D) 100. (A) 101. (B) 102. (C) 103. (C) 104. (8)
105. (A) 106. (C)

107. Step Name of process q w U H

A Isochoric 3/2 R (273) 0 3/2 R (273) 5/2 R(273)

B Isothermal 546 R ln 2 –546 Rln2 0 0

C Isobaric –5/2 R(273) R(273) –3/2 R (273)–5/2 R(273)

108. Step Name of process q w E H

A Isobaric 5/2 R (273) –R(273) 3/2 R (273) 5/2 R(273)

B Isochoric – 3/2 R (273) 0 – 3/2 R (273) – 5/2 R (273)

C Isothermal – 273 R ln2 273 R ln2 0 0

Cyclic R(273) – 273 Rln2, –R(273)+ 273R ln2 0 0

109. ((a) T1 = 243.60 K; T2 2436 K, (b) U = 0; q = –w = +3262 cal)

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in process AB, pressure is constant so V1 = V2

T1 T2

So T2 = 2436K
(b) AB isobaric process (P is constant)

U = nCVT = 1 × 3 R × 2192.4
2

q = nCPT = 1 × 5 R × 2192.4
2

w = – 1 × R × 2192.4 = – 2192.4R
BC isochoric process (V is constant)
w=0

q = U = – 3 R × 2192.4
2

CA isothermal process (Temp. is constant)

T = 0  U = nCv T= 0,

w = – R × 243.6 ln 1 = + 243.6 R ln 10
10

q = – w= – 243.6 R ln 10
for overall process U = 0 so q = – w
w = 243.6 R ln 10 – 2192.4 R = – 1631.3 R = – 3262 cal

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