Sensor Technologies
Physics, Fabrication, and Circuits
Dr. Mitradip Bhattacharjee
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
INDIA
Recap -
Sensors & Transducers
Classification of sensors
Sensors in human body
Sensor industry
Evolution of technologies
IoT and Sensors
Defense Surveillance Robotics Automobiles
Gaming Baby care Hospitality Healthcare
IoT Security IT
Why is transduction required?
Electrical signals are easy to handle.
Electronic circuits and systems are available.
Why sensors?
Smart devices need to measure different physical parameters.
Different application requires sensing of material/parameters to address a real life problem.
Automation requires information of different physical parameters.
Types of Measurements
Energy Parameters
Length, area, volume, all time derivatives such as linear/angular
Mechanical velocity, linear/angular acceleration, mass flow, force, torque,
pressure, acoustic wavelength, etc.
Thermal Temperature, specific heat, entropy, heat flow, state of matter
Voltage, current, charge, resistance, inductance, capacitance,
Electrical dielectric constant, polarization, electric field, frequency, dipole
moment
Magnetic Field intensity, flux density, magnetic moment, permeability
Intensity, phase, wavelength, polarization, reflectance,
Optical
transmittance, refractive index
Composition, concentration, reaction rate, pH, oxidation/reduction
Chemical
potential
Classification and Applications
Sensos Classification Examples
Pressure, temperature, strain , peizoresistive, sensors for blood
Physical sensor pressure monitoring
Gas, clinical analysis, environment and process control, CHEM-
Chemical sensor FET and ISFET, integrated biosensors for online monitoring
through wearable sweat monitoring
Piezoelectric Pressure, strain, sensors for blood pressure monitoring
Capacitive Pressure, temperature, strain, environmental, biomedical
Optical sensor Photodiodes, phototransistors, color sensor, CCDs
Electrocardiography, Ultrasonic sensors, environmental sensors,
Acoustic surface acoustic wave microsensors, corrosion sensors
Hall sensors, magneto-transistors, thermos-galvanometric
Magnetic sensor sensors, CMOS magnetic field detectors
Sensor Terminologies
• Accuracy • Selectivity
• Precision • Repeatability
• Calibration • Reproducibility
• Sensitivity • Resolution
• Threshold Limit • Stability
• Offset • Noise
• Dynamic Range • Response Time
• Linearity • Recovery Time
• Non-linearity • Drift
• Hysteresis
3 take-home messages:
• Sensors are important in smart applications and automations.
• In electronic sensors, the transducer effect converts all other type of energies into electrical energy.
• There are multiple sensor terminologies/ parameters that are important.
Let’s think -
• Can a single sensor measure more than one type of energy?
Upcoming discussion-
Materials & Multi-disciplinary Aspect
Sensor Terminologies
