Theme 1: Culture and Civilization (Specifically Islamic Culture/Civilization)

Q. No. 2 (2016): "What is meant by culture and civilization? Describe the characteristics of
Islamic culture."

Dimension Explained: This question is foundational and definitional. It demands a precise conceptual distinction between "culture" and
"civilization" before applying these concepts to Islam.

Culture: The shared way of life of a group of people, encompassing their values, beliefs, customs, arts, language, and social behaviors. It's the
intangible essence and identity of a group – what they are.

Civilization: The organized, advanced stage of human society characterized by complex social, political, and economic structures, urban
development, technological advancements, and sophisticated intellectual and artistic output. It's the tangible manifestation of cultural
development – what they build and achieve.

The second part specifically focuses on Islamic Culture, which refers to the unique set of values, norms, traditions, and expressions that
have developed under the influence of Islamic teachings (Quran and Sunnah).

Q. No. 7 (2018): "Describe, in detail, the basic characteristics of Islamic civilization."

Dimension Explained: This question shifts from the general definition of culture/civilization to a direct, detailed exploration of Islamic
Civilization. While culture is the foundation, this question focuses on the products and structures that emerged from that culture. It requires
discussing the manifestations of Islamic principles in a developed societal context.

How to Respond (Key Points to Mention)

Briefly link to Culture: Acknowledge that Islamic civilization is the fruit of Islamic culture.

Characteristics of Islamic Civilization:

City Planning & Architecture: Mosques, schools, hospitals, public baths (e.g., Damascus, Baghdad, Cordoba).

Scientific & Intellectual Advancements: Astronomy, medicine, mathematics (algebra, algorithms), optics, chemistry, philosophy,
historiography. Mention specific scholars (e.g., Ibn Sina, Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Khaldun).

Education System: Establishment of universities, libraries, translation movements (House of Wisdom).

Justice System: Sharia-based legal system, emphasis on fairness, Qadis (judges).

Economic System: Principles of Zakat, prohibition of Riba (usury), emphasis on fair trade, Bayt al-Mal (public treasury).

Social Structure: Emphasis on equality, social mobility, rights of minorities, family unit.

Art & Calligraphy: Unique artistic expressions, geometric patterns, arabesques, importance of calligraphy as an art form.

Cultural Exchange: Integration and development of knowledge from Greek, Persian, Indian, and other traditions.

Theme 2: Deen vs. Religion & Importance of Deen

Q. No. 3 (2016): "What is the difference between Deen and Religion? Describe the
importance of Deen in human life with arguments."

Q. No. 8 (2022): "Describe the importance of Deen (Doctrine of life) in human life.
Differentiate between Deen and Religions."
Dimension Explained: Both questions are functionally identical, exploring the same two core aspects: the conceptual distinction between
"Deen" and "Religion" and the all-encompassing significance of "Deen" for humanity. The slight reordering and addition of "Doctrine of life"
(which clarifies 'Deen' for the examiner) do not change the substance of the required answer.

Deen (‫)الدين‬: A comprehensive code of life encompassing spiritual beliefs, worship, morality, ethics, social interactions, economic principles,
political governance, and legal frameworks. It implies complete submission and obedience to Allah in all facets of existence. It is a universal,
divinely revealed system.

Religion (Madhhab): Often understood in a narrower, Western sense as a set of personal beliefs, rituals, and worship practices, often separated
from socio-economic and political life. It might be seen as one aspect of life, rather than the entire system.

How to Respond (Key Points to Mention for both):

Difference between Deen & Religion:

Scope: Deen is comprehensive (covers all aspects of life), Religion is often narrower (personal worship, dogma).

Source/Authority: Deen is divinely revealed and complete (Quran & Sunnah), Religion can be human-interpreted/evolved.

Purpose: Deen aims to establish a just order in both this world and the hereafter; Religion often focuses more on individual salvation.

 Importance of Deen in Human Life (with arguments):

Purpose and Meaning: Provides ultimate meaning, direction, and existential clarity (argument: human need for purpose).

Moral & Ethical Framework: Establishes objective, universal morality, distinguishing right from wrong (argument: human societies need
ethical guidance for order).

Justice & Equality: Promotes fairness, protects rights, ensures social harmony (argument: addresses inherent human struggle for justice).

Spiritual Well-being: Connects humans to the Creator, offering inner peace and solace (argument: humans have spiritual needs beyond
material).

Holistic Guidance: Offers principles for all aspects: family, economy, politics, environment (argument: prevents chaotic, unprincipled living).

Accountability: Instills responsibility through belief in afterlife accountability (argument: powerful deterrent against wrongdoing).

Theme 3: Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a Role Model/Leader

Q. No. 4 (2016): Describe the characteristics of Military strategist in the light of Sirah of
Muhammad (PBUH) with arguments.

Q. No. 3 (2023): Discuss the Holy Prophet's (PBUH) Role as a Model for Military Strategy.

o Dimension Explained: These questions specifically focus on the Prophet's role as a military leader and strategist. They
require analysis of his tactical brilliance, foresight, and ethical conduct in warfare.

How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):

Strategic Foresight: Choosing battle locations (Badr, Uhud), anticipating enemy movements.

Intelligence Gathering, Resource Management, Motivation & Morale, Ethical Warfare, Diplomacy & Treaty Making: Utilizing treaties
(Hudaybiyah) as a strategic tool for long-term gains, Flexibility & Adaptability: Changing tactics as situations evolved, Discipline &
Obedience: Emphasis on adherence to commands. Examples: Battles of Badr, Uhud, Khandaq (Ditch), Conquest of Makkah.
Q. No. 3 (2019): "Give a general estimate of Holy Prophet's (pbuh) character in the battle
fields as commander."

o Dimension Explained: Similar to the military strategist questions, but broader. This focuses on his overall character and
leadership traits during conflict, not just strategy. It encompasses his justice, mercy, personal bravery, and conduct
towards his own forces and the enemy.

How to Respond

Personal Courage & Leadership by example Leading from the front, inspiring confidence, Justice & Fairness, Mercy & Compassion: Even
towards defeated enemies Consultation (Shura).

Q. No. 5 (2018): The Holy Prophet (PBUH) is the prophet of peace and safety. Explain with
arguments.

Q. No. 5 (2020): Elucidate how the Prophet of Islam (Peace be upon him) exemplified him
as the greatest peace maker in the world by making reconciliation with pagans, Jews and
Christians?

Q. No. 6 (2022): Describe Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as a Prophet of Peace for

contemporary transnational world.

Q. No. 3 (2024): The main purpose of Ghazwat-e-Nabawi (PBUH) was to establish peace.
Explain.

o Dimension Explained: This is a recurring and crucial theme: the Prophet as a harbinger and establisher of peace. While
the general questions (2018, 2022) ask for broad arguments, the 2020 question asks for specific examples of reconciliation
with diverse groups, and the 2022 question further extends this to the contemporary transnational world, requiring
application to modern global issues. The 2024 question re-examines the purpose of military expeditions (Ghazwat) as
ultimately for peace.

How to Respond (Key Points to Mention for all, with specific emphasis based on the question):

Core Islamic Principle of Peace, Pre-Hijra Efforts Attempts to establish peace in Makkah through dialogue, Treaty of Hudaybiyah (Key
Example): A landmark example of a peace treaty showing long-term vision, even if initially unpopular. Constitution: Establishing coexistence
and mutual respect between different religious communities (Muslims, Jews, pagans) in Medina. Conquest of Makkah (Key Example): A
bloodless takeover, demonstrating ultimate forgiveness and peace after victory. Treatment of Minorities: Protection of rights of non-Muslims in
Islamic state. Emphasis on Dialogue & Reconciliation: Seeking peaceful resolutions over conflict. Abolition of Tribal Feuds: Establishing
brotherhood among warring tribes (e.g., Ansar and Muhajirin). Connecting to Contemporary World (for 2022): Discuss his teachings on
diplomacy, international relations, conflict resolution, interfaith harmony, and human rights as relevant models for current global challenges like
terrorism, conflicts, and discrimination. Purpose of Ghazwat (for 2024): Argue that military expeditions were defensive, to remove oppression,
ensure religious freedom, and establish peace where it was threatened, not for aggression or conquest. Explain that warfare was a last resort,
sanctioned only when other avenues for peace were exhausted or violated.

Theme 4: Human Rights and Dignity

Q. No. 4 (2020): The last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is the basic document for
awakening of conscious of mankind for human rights. Discuss.

Q. No. 8 (2023): Human rights in the light of the Sermon of Farewell Pilgrimage.

o Dimension Explained: These questions are source-based, specifically focusing on the Last Sermon (Sermon of
Farewell Pilgrimage) as a seminal declaration of human rights. It requires quoting or paraphrasing key injunctions from
the sermon and linking them directly to modern human rights concepts.
Q. No. 7 (2020): Islam teaches the lesson of human respect and dignity irrespective of
colour, race and creed. Discuss.

Q. No. 5 (2024): How does Islam highlight human dignity and greatness? Discuss.

o Dimension Explained: These are general principle questions focusing on the universal values of human respect and
dignity in Islam. They emphasize Islam's inclusive stance, rejecting discrimination based on superficial differences.

How to Respond

Concept of Insan (Human Being) in QuranVerse, Equality before God, Universal Brotherhood, Rights of Minorities, Prohibition of
Racism & Discrimination, Right to Life, Property, Honor,

Theme 5: Women’s Right and Status in Islam

Q. No. 3 (2021): "Islam provides better rights to men and women than all other religions.
Explore with arguments."

Q. No. 2 (2022): "Explain the concept of Human Rights in Islamic thought in specification
of "Status of Women in Islam".

Q. No. 3(2017): Write a comprehensive note on the right of inheritance granted to women
by Islam.

Dimension Explained: These questions represent a specific application of human rights, focusing on gender rights, particularly the status
and rights of women in Islam. The 2021 question specifically asks for a comparative argument ("better rights than all other religions").

How to Respond

Pre-Islamic Status of Women, Islamic Reforms: Spiritual Equality: Quran emphasizes men and women are equal in terms of spiritual
rewards and accountability (Quran 3:195, 49:13). Right to Life & Dignity: Abolition of female infanticide. Economic Rights, Right to
Education, Marriage & Family Rights, Social Roles, Legal Rights.

Comparative Argument (for 2021): Contrast these rights with practices in some pre-Islamic societies or certain historical periods of other
traditions where women had fewer rights (e.g., lack of property rights for women in some Western legal systems until relatively recently).
Emphasize Islam's progressive stance for its time.

Addressing Misconceptions: Briefly touch upon areas often misunderstood (e.g., polygyny, divorce laws, testimony) and explain them within
their proper context and Islamic framework.

(2017) Dimension Explained: the women's rights within the Islamic legal framework, specifically inheritance. It requires an explanation of
how Islam granted women these rights, often in contrast to pre-Islamic practices.

How to Respond

Key Principles:

Fixed Shares: Quran specifies fixed shares for various heirs, including women, removing ambiguity and ensuring their right. Right to Own &
Control: Women have full right to own and dispose of their inherited property. No Obligation to Spend: Her inheritance is entirely hers; she is
not obligated to spend on family (husband is).

Different Scenarios:
Daughter's Share: Usually half of a son's share, but not always. (Explain the wisdom behind this: men have financial responsibilities towards
family from their share, women don't). Wife's Share: Specific share from husband's property. Mother's Share: Specific share from children's
property. Sister's Share: Specific shares depending on circumstances. Absolute Right: Cannot be denied inheritance; it's a divine command.
Comparison (Implicit/Explicit): Briefly contrast with pre-Islamic Arab customs or some contemporary non-Islamic systems where women may
have lacked such rights. Addressing Misconceptions: Briefly explain why a daughter's share might be half a son's, linking it to financial
responsibilities in the family structure, not inherent value.

Theme 6 Self-Purification and its Impact on Society

Q. No. 6 (2017): Explain the concept of self-purification in the light of the Qur'an and
Sunnah and its impact on society.

Q. No. 3(2018): What is Self-purification and Ehsan? Explain it in the light of Quran and
Sunnah, also describe its individual and collective impacts.

Q. No. 2 (2024): Self-Purification is an essential element for the evolution of society.

Explain

Dimension Explained: the (self-purification), an individual spiritual concept, and then broadens to its
collective impact on society, linking individual spiritual development to societal well-being.

Theme 7: Islamic Governance and Public Service

Q. No. 6(2016): Highlight the concept of Public Administration in Islam. Explain the
responsibilities of Civil Servants.

o Dimension: the principles of governance and public service from an Islamic perspective. It moves from a theoretical
concept to the practical duties of those in civil service.

How to Respond

Concept of Public Administration in Islam; Khilafah (Vicegerency, Adl (Justice), Shura (Consultation), Accountability Service to Humanity.
Responsibilities of Civil Servants; Justice & Fairness, Honesty & Integrity, Efficiency & Competence, Empathy & Compassion, Transparency:
Conduct affairs openly where appropriate. Rule of Law: Uphold Islamic law and regulations. Public Welfare: Prioritize the well-being and
development of society. Piety & God-consciousness: Inner moral compass guiding their actions. Examples from early Islamic history: How
Caliphs and their administrators exemplified these traits.

Q. No. 7(2016): Discuss the salient features of Islamic political system in the light of
governance under pious Khilafat-i-Rashida.

o Dimension: the theoretical and practical aspects of the Islamic political system, using the Rashidun Caliphate (Pious
Caliphs) as the ideal historical model. It requires analyzing the principles exemplified by Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
(RA).
o How to Respond

Introduction: Briefly define Islamic political system (based on Quran & Sunnah) and the significance of Khilafat-i-Rashida as its practical
embodiment.

Salient Features:

Sovereignty of Allah: Ultimate authority belongs to God; human rulers are His vicegerents. Shura (Consultation): Decisions based on
consultation with knowledgeable and trustworthy individuals. Justice (Adl): Paramount importance; ensuring rights, fair trials, impartial
administration. Accountability of Rulers: Rulers were accountable to Allah and the people, open to public criticism. Rule of Law (Sharia):
Governance according to divine law, not arbitrary will. Equality before Law: No one is above the law. Public Welfare (Maslahah):
Government's primary duty is to serve the interests of the community. Bay'ah (Pledge of Allegiance): A form of public consent for the ruler.
Selection of Rulers: Varied methods (e.g., election, nomination confirmed by public) but based on merit and piety. Brotherhood (Ummah):
Political system designed to foster unity and solidarity. Governance under Khilafat-i-Rashida (Examples): Abu Bakr (RA): Emphasis on unity,
adherence to Sunnah, Jihad against apostasy. Umar (RA): Establishment of administrative departments (Diwans), emphasis on justice, public
accountability (even towards himself), welfare measures, strong legal system. Usman (RA): Standardization of Quran, expansion of Islamic
state. Ali (RA): Emphasis on justice, particularly for the poor and moral rectitude in governance.

Theme 6: Extremism and its Solutions

Q. No. 7 (2017): Enumerate the reasons of extremism in Pakistan and suggest solutions to
eradicate it in the light of Islamic teachings."

Q. No. 7 (2023): "What are the motives of extremism in Pakistan? How can the society get
rid of extremism by following the teachings of Islam?"

Q. No. 4 (2018): "Point out the motives of terrorism in Pakistan. How can the society get
rid of terrorism?"

Q. No. 7 (2019): "Is extremism a challenge to Islam? Discuss in the context of

contemporary challenges faced by Muslim Ummah."

Q. No. 5 (2021): "Islamophobia is a sign of extremism. Give suggestions for its remedy."

Q. No. 7 (2024): "How is it possible to eliminate the religious and political extremism in
Pakistan in the light of the teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? Explain.

Q. No. 8: What are the contemporary challenges of Muslim world? Suggest its solutions in
the light of Quran and Sunnah?

o Dimension Explained: This is a problem-solving and application-oriented question, requiring an analysis of modern
issues faced by the Muslim world and proposing solutions rooted in core Islamic texts (Quran and Sunnah).
Theme Zakat

Q. No. 2 (2017): Who are entitled to receive Zakat according to the Quran? Elucidating
social impact of Zakat, clarify how can poverty be alleviated with its distribution in Islamic
Society?

Q. No. 6 (2018): Write a comprehensive note on Zakat system of Islam and its spiritual,
moral and social impacts.

2017 Primary Dimension: Quranic Entitlements and Socio-Economic Impact (Poverty Alleviation).

Response according to the 8 Quranic categories of Zakat recipients (referencing Quran 9:60). This is a foundational legal aspect.

It then heavily emphasizes the social impact of Zakat, with a particular focus on how it directly alleviates poverty in an Islamic society. This
dimension highlights Zakat's role as a direct mechanism for wealth redistribution and social welfare.

2018 Primary Dimension: Comprehensive Overview of the Zakat System and its Multi-faceted Impacts.

This question asks for a "comprehensive note on the Zakat system," implying a broader discussion that would include its definition, purpose,
importance, and perhaps types of wealth it applies to (though the main focus is on impacts).

It then requires an analysis of its impacts across three distinct domains: spiritual, moral, and social. While "social impact" overlaps with the
previous question, this one also demands exploration of Zakat's individual spiritual benefits (e.g., purification of wealth, gratitude) and moral
benefits (e.g., fostering generosity, curbing greed).

How they are similar and different:

Similarity (Theme): Both questions are centrally about the Zakat system in Islam.

Overlap in Content: Both will discuss the social impact of Zakat, and who would receive Zakat (as this is part of the system). The alleviation
of poverty is a key aspect of Zakat's social impact, so this will be a significant part of both answers.

Q. No. 4: How were the Rightly-guided Caliphs elected? To what extent their system of
government is regarded as democratic?

o Dimension Explained: the mechanisms of succession and the nature of governance in

the early Islamic state, specifically assessing the democratic characteristics of the
Rashidun Caliphate.

 Q. No. 8: Define Ijma (consensus) and explain its different kinds. Highlight its
importance in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
o Dimension Explained: This question focuses on Ijma (consensus) as a source of Islamic
law, requiring its definition, categorization, and justification from primary Islamic
sources.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
  Definition of Ijma: Linguistic meaning (agreement, unanimity) and technical
meaning (consensus of qualified Muslim jurists/scholars on a religious or legal
matter after the Prophet's death).
 Different Kinds:
 Explicit Consensus (Ijma Sarih/Qawli): Scholars explicitly express
their agreement through words or writings. Considered stronger.
 Tacit Consensus (Ijma Sukuti): A prominent scholar gives an opinion,
and others remain silent, implying agreement. Weaker form, debated by
some.
 Importance in Light of Quran and Sunnah:
 Maintaining Unity: Prevents fragmentation and divergence in legal
matters.
 Flexibility & Adaptability: Allows for new rulings on emerging issues not
explicitly covered in Quran/Sunnah.
 Authority & Binding Nature: Once Ijma is established, it becomes
binding for future generations.
 Practicality: Provides practical solutions to complex issues.
 From Quran: Verses implying importance of unity, e.g., "Obey Allah and
obey the Messenger and those in authority among you..." (Quran 4:59),
"whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to
him and follows other than the way of the believers - We will give him
what he has taken and drive him into Hell" (Quran 4:115).
 From Sunnah (Hadith): "My Ummah will never agree upon error," "The
hand of Allah is with the Jama'ah (the community)."
 Conditions for Valid Ijma: All jurists must agree, clear issue, no contradiction
with explicit Quran/Sunnah, etc.
 Conclusion: Ijma serves as a vital mechanism for preserving Islamic unity,
adapting Islamic law to changing contexts, and providing certainty in legal
rulings.

Year: 2018

 Q. No. 2: Define Ijtihad, also highlight its contemporary importance in the light of
Islamic Fiqh.
o Dimension Explained: This question focuses on Ijtihad (independent reasoning), a
crucial concept in Islamic jurisprudence, emphasizing its definition and its modern-day
relevance in applying Islamic law.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Definition of Ijtihad: Linguistic meaning (exerting effort) and technical meaning
(the process of drawing independent legal rulings by a qualified jurist/scholar
based on comprehensive knowledge of Quran, Sunnah, Ijma, Qiyas, etc., in
matters not explicitly covered by divine text).
 Conditions for a Mujtahid (one who performs Ijtihad): Deep knowledge of
Quran and Sunnah, Arabic language, principles of jurisprudence (Usul al-
Fiqh), Naskh (abrogation), consensus, different schools of thought, and
practical realities.
 Contemporary Importance in Light of Islamic Fiqh:
  Addressing New Challenges: Provides solutions for modern issues not
faced in early Islamic times (e.g., bioethics, complex financial
transactions, digital currencies, environmental issues, space travel).
 Dynamism of Islamic Law: Ensures Islamic law remains relevant and
adaptable across time and place.
 Revival of Islamic Thought: Counters stagnation and promotes
intellectual vitality.
 Fostering Unity: Allows for reasoned discourse and consensus on
modern issues.
 Preventing Extremism: Provides authentic, moderate interpretations to
counter rigid or misguided approaches.
 Development of Muslim Societies: Guides socio-economic, political,
and legal reforms in Islamic states.
 Source of Legislation: Can be a basis for lawmaking in modern Islamic
states.
 Challenges to Ijtihad Today: Lack of widely accepted authoritative Mujtahids,
sectarianism, political interference, difficulty in achieving consensus.
 Conclusion: Ijtihad is essential for the continued intellectual and legal

Year: 2019

 Q. No. 2: Define Tauheed. What is its impact on individual life and the society?
Elaborate.

Q. No. 4: Describe the rights of women in Islam in the context of current wave the feminist
movement.

o Dimension Explained: This question is a comparative and contemporary application,

asking for the rights of women in Islam but specifically within the context of the
modern feminist movement. This implies a need to present Islamic rights while
implicitly or explicitly addressing points of contention or comparison with feminist
ideals.

 Q. No. 5: Through light in detail on the moral value system of Islam as significant
feature of Islamic civilization.
o Dimension Explained: This question connects Islamic moral values to the essence of
Islamic civilization, highlighting how ethics are not merely personal but a foundational
component of a thriving society.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Define moral value system in Islam as derived from Quran and
Sunnah, and its centrality to both individual and societal life. Emphasize that
morality is not separate but integrated into all aspects.
 Significance as a Feature of Islamic Civilization:
 Foundation: Moral values are the bedrock upon which Islamic
civilization is built (unlike some civilizations built primarily on material
power).
 Universality: Applicable to all times and places.
  Divine Source: Gives moral values inherent authority and objectivity.
 Holistic: Encompasses individual, family, community, and international
relations.
 Purpose of Prophethood: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated his
mission was to perfect noble character.
 Key Moral Values (with examples/elaboration):
 Tawhid (Monotheism): Leads to humility, submission, freedom from
ego.
 Adl (Justice): Fairness in all dealings, regardless of personal feelings,
even with enemies.
 Ihsan (Excellence/Benevolence): Striving for perfection in worship and
actions towards creation.
 Amanah (Trustworthiness): Honesty, fulfilling promises, responsibility
in duties (public and private).
 Sadaq (Truthfulness): In speech, action, and intention.
 Rahmah (Compassion & Mercy): Towards all creation, including animals
and environment.
 Sabr (Patience) & Shukr (Gratitude): Resilience in hardship,
appreciation in ease.
 Humility: Avoiding arrogance, pride.
 Forgiveness & Tolerance: Overlooking faults, peaceful coexistence.
 Cooperation & Brotherhood: Promoting Ummah cohesion.
 Respect for Human Dignity: Treating all with honor.
 Modesty & Chastity: In personal conduct.
 Impact on Civilization: How these values translated into ethical governance, fair
economic systems, pursuit of beneficial knowledge, social harmony, and
humane treatment of non-Muslims.
 Conclusion: Islamic civilization's resilience and achievements were inextricably
linked to its strong moral and ethical framework.

 Q. No. 6: Write a comprehensive note on Hajj (the pilgrimage) system of Islam and
its spiritual, moral and social impacts.
o Dimension Explained: This question is comprehensive and multi-dimensional, focusing
on Hajj (the pilgrimage) as a pillar of Islam, exploring its system and its wide-ranging
spiritual, moral, and social impacts.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Definition of Hajj: Obligatory pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Makkah, performed
once in a lifetime by those who are able.
 System/Rituals of Hajj (briefly):
 Ihram: State of consecration.
 Tawaf: Circumambulating the Kaaba.
 Sa'i: Walking between Safa and Marwa.
 Wuquf at Arafat: Standing on Mount Arafat (the most important ritual).
 Muzdalifah & Mina: Rituals including stoning of pillars (Rami).
 Sacrifice (Qurbani).
 Tawaf al-Ifadah/Wida.
 Spiritual Impacts:
  Submission to Allah: Ultimate act of obedience and surrender.
 Purification of Sins: Forgiveness of past sins.
 Strengthening Faith: Deepening connection with God through rigorous
worship.
 Remembrance of Abrahamic Legacy: Connecting with the history of
prophets.
 Inner Transformation: Spiritual upliftment, renewal of commitment.
 Moral Impacts:
 Patience & Perseverance: Enduring physical challenges.
 Self-Discipline: Adherence to Ihram rules, control over desires.
 Humility: All pilgrims wear same simple clothes, stripping away worldly
status.
 Sacrifice & Selflessness: Readiness to sacrifice for Allah.
 Equality: Experience of true equality among diverse people.
 Social Impacts:
 Unity & Brotherhood (Ummah): Millions from diverse backgrounds
united by common purpose, fostering global Muslim solidarity.
 Equality: Visible demonstration of equality as all perform same rituals,
wear same attire.
 Global Networking: Opportunities for Muslims from different parts of
the world to interact.
 Understanding Diversity: Exposure to different cultures.
 Political Consciousness (Historically): Mecca as a hub for news and
ideas.
 Economic Impact: Benefits local economies.
 Conclusion: Hajj is a unique spiritual journey that profoundly impacts individuals
and strengthens the collective identity and unity of the global Muslim
community.

 Q. No. 8: Give suggestions to reform Pakistani Politics keeping in view the different
aspects of political system of Islam.
o Dimension Explained: This is a highly applied and solution-oriented question,
demanding practical suggestions for political reform in Pakistan that are rooted in the
principles of the Islamic political system.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly acknowledge the current state of Pakistani politics
(challenges: corruption, instability, lack of justice) and the relevance of Islamic
principles.
 Key Aspects of Islamic Political System (briefly mention relevant ones):
 Tauheed (Sovereignty of Allah, not individuals/institutions).
 Adl (Justice).
 Shura (Consultation).
 Amanah (Trust in leadership).
 Accountability.
 Rule of Law (Sharia).
 Public Welfare (Maslahah).
 Suggestions for Reform (linking to Islamic principles):
  Strengthening Rule of Law & Justice (Adl): Ensure impartial justice for
all, speedy trials, independent judiciary, eliminate VIP culture.
 Promoting Accountability (Amanah): Establish robust, independent
accountability institutions (e.g., NAB, ECP) with real powers, enforce
ethical conduct for politicians and civil servants.
 Fostering Consultation (Shura): Encourage genuine consultation in
policy-making, involve experts and public in decision-making processes.
 Eradicating Corruption: Implement strict anti-corruption laws based on
Islamic prohibition of Riba, bribery, and embezzlement. Promote
transparency.
 Ethical Leadership: Promote leadership based on piety, integrity, and
competence, as exemplified by Khulafa-e-Rashideen.
 Public Service Orientation: Shift mindset from power-seeking to selfless
service, align policies with public welfare.
 Economic Justice: Implement policies to reduce wealth disparity, ensure
fair distribution of resources, based on Islamic economic principles
(Zakat, discouraging hoarding).
 Civic Education: Educate citizens on their rights and responsibilities in
an Islamic society, promoting active and responsible political
participation.
 Strengthening Institutions: Professionalizing and depoliticizing state
institutions.
 Interfaith Harmony: Promoting tolerance and respect for minorities as
per Islamic teachings to counter political and religious polarization.
 Conclusion: A holistic approach, integrating Islamic values into governance, can
lead to a more stable, just, and prosperous Pakistan.

Year: 2020

 Q. No. 2: Discuss the status and grade of "Tolerance and Forgiveness" in the life of
the Holly Prophet (PBUH).
o Dimension Explained: This question specifically focuses on two interconnected moral
virtues, Tolerance and Forgiveness, exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad's
(PBUH) life (Sirah). It requires illustrating these qualities through concrete examples.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Emphasize that Islam promotes peace, compassion, and
reconciliation, with Tolerance and Forgiveness being central to the
Prophet's character.
 Status of Tolerance (Tasammul/Tasahhul):
 Religious Freedom: No compulsion in religion (Quran 2:256).
 Coexistence: Madina Accord as a blueprint for multi-faith coexistence.
 Respect for Other Faiths: Not insulting other gods/beliefs.
 Dialogue: His interactions with Jewish and Christian delegations.
 Patience with Ignorant: His forbearance with those who verbally
abused him or did not understand.
  Examples: His treatment of non-Muslims in Madina, allowing Christians
to pray in his mosque, his patience with the old woman who used to
throw garbage on him.
 Status of Forgiveness (Afw/Ghufran):
 Divine Attribute: Allah is Al-Afuw (The Forgiver).
 Prophetic Example: His immense capacity for forgiveness, even towards
those who caused him great harm.
 Reconciliation: Seeking to reconcile rather than exact revenge.
 Conquest of Makkah (Key Example): General amnesty declared for his
erstwhile enemies, showing ultimate forgiveness.
 Incident of Ta'if: His prayer for the people of Ta'if despite their stoning
him.
 Treatment of Hind bint Utbah: Forgiveness after she instigated his
uncle Hamza's martyrdom.
 Grade (Importance/Significance):
 Peacebuilding: Essential for resolving conflicts and fostering harmony.
 Social Cohesion: Builds trust and reduces animosity.
 Moral Excellence: Indicators of a noble character.
 Spiritual Reward: Allah loves those who forgive.
 Dawah (Invitation to Islam): Exemplifying these virtues attracts people
to Islam.
 Conclusion: The Prophet's life serves as a timeless model of how tolerance and
forgiveness are not weaknesses but immense strengths crucial for individual
piety and societal peace.

 Q. No. 3: Write a comprehensive note on the bravery and juridical Wisdom of

Hazrat Ali (R.A)
o Dimension Explained: This question focuses on the specific qualities of a prominent
figure in Islamic history, Hazrat Ali (RA), highlighting his bravery (courage) and juridical
wisdom (legal acumen).
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly introduce Hazrat Ali (RA) as the fourth Rashidun Caliph, a
close companion, cousin, and son-in-law of the Prophet (PBUH).
 Bravery (Shuja'ah):
 Early Life: Sleeping in Prophet's bed during Hijra.
 Battle of Badr: Distinguished himself in combat.
 Battle of Uhud: Defended the Prophet fiercely.
 Battle of Khandaq (Ditch): Single-handedly confronted and defeated
Amr ibn Abd Wudd.
 Battle of Khaybar: Conquered the fortress when others failed, earning
title "Lion of Allah."
 Unwavering Courage: Never retreated, always at the forefront.
 Fearless in Justice: His bravery extended to standing for justice, even
against powerful figures.
 Juridical Wisdom (Fiqhi Hikmah/Legal Acumen):
 Knowledge of Quran & Sunnah: Deep understanding of revelation.
 Proximity to Prophet: Learnt directly from the source of Islamic law.
  Sound Judgment: Known for his sharp intellect and ability to derive
rulings.
 Problem-Solving: Often consulted by Caliph Umar and others for
complex legal issues.
 Famous Sayings: "Ali is the most just of all in judgment" (Prophet
Muhammad PBUH). Numerous anecdotes of his wise legal decisions.
 Emphasis on Rationality & Logic: His judgments were often reasoned
and logical.
 Legacy: His rulings became a significant part of Islamic jurisprudence,
particularly for Shi'a schools of thought and admired by Sunnis.
 Conclusion: Hazrat Ali's (RA) life exemplifies a powerful combination of physical
courage in defending Islam and intellectual prowess in interpreting and applying
its laws.

 Q. No. 8: "Islamic Financial and Economic system is the solution of the human
financial problems". Discuss.
o Dimension Explained: This question asserts the superiority and problem-solving
capacity of the Islamic financial and economic system for global human financial
challenges. It requires discussing core principles and demonstrating how they address
contemporary issues.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly state that conventional systems (capitalism, socialism)
have shown limitations; Islamic system offers a distinct, divinely guided
paradigm.
 Main Principles of Islamic Economic System:
 Tawhid (Sovereignty of Allah): Allah is the ultimate owner; humans are
trustees.
 Adl (Justice) & Ihsan (Benevolence): Core values emphasizing fairness,
equity, and preventing exploitation.
 Prohibition of Riba (Interest/Usury): Seen as exploitative, promotes
inequality, creates financial instability.
 Prohibition of Gharar (Excessive Uncertainty/Speculation): Discourages
gambling, highly speculative transactions.
 Prohibition of Maysir (Gambling):
 Zakat (Obligatory Charity): Wealth redistribution, poverty alleviation.
 Lawful Earning (Halal): Ethical means of production and trade.
 Risk-Sharing (Musharakah, Mudarabah): Encourages shared
responsibility, linking finance to real economic activity.
 Circulation of Wealth: Discouraging hoarding.
 Emphasis on Real Assets: Finance linked to tangible assets, not just
debt.
 Solutions to Contemporary Financial Problems:
 Financial Crises: Riba-based systems are prone to debt bubbles and
speculative crises; Islamic system's emphasis on asset-backed finance
and risk-sharing promotes stability.
 Wealth Inequality: Zakat, inheritance laws, prohibition of Riba
redistribute wealth, reducing the gap between rich and poor.
  Poverty Alleviation: Zakat and charitable giving directly address
poverty.
 Ethical Concerns: Promotes ethical investment, discourages
exploitation, fraud.
 Inflation: Linking money to real economic activity, discouraging
excessive creation of debt-money, can help control inflation.
 Moral Hazard: Risk-sharing models reduce moral hazard compared to
debt-based financing.
 Sustainable Development: Emphasis on Halal and ethical production,
environmental responsibility.
 Challenges in Implementation: Resistance from vested interests, lack of full
understanding, need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks.
 Conclusion: The Islamic financial and economic system offers robust, ethical,
and practical solutions to many persistent problems of contemporary global
finance, fostering justice, equity, and stability.

Year: 2021

 Q. No. 2: What is belief in the Day of Judgment? Explore its effects on individual
and collective lives of human beings.
o Dimension Explained: This is a foundational and multi-dimensional question on
Aakhirah (Life Hereafter/Day of Judgment), analyzing its theological meaning and its
profound impacts on human behavior and societal structure.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Definition of Belief in Day of Judgment:
 Belief that this worldly life is temporary and will end.
 Belief in resurrection, accountability for all deeds, and ultimate
recompense (reward in Jannah or punishment in Jahannam).
 Belief in signs of the Day of Judgment.
 Quranic Basis: Numerous verses in the Quran describing the Day of Judgment,
accountability, Heaven, and Hell.
 Effects on Individual Life:
 Moral Responsibility: Strong sense of accountability, motivating good
deeds and deterring evil.
 Purpose & Meaning: Provides ultimate purpose for life beyond material
gains.
 Patience & Perseverance: Helps endure hardships with hope for eternal
reward.
 Justice: Comfort in knowing ultimate justice will prevail, even if not seen
in this world.
 Righteousness: Strives for piety (Taqwa), honesty, and sincerity.
 Humility: Realization of temporary nature of worldly power/wealth.
 Contentment: Reduces anxiety about worldly losses.
 Effects on Collective Life:
 Social Justice: Motivates establishing justice, as unjust rulers/societies
will be held accountable.
  Law & Order: Deterrent against crime and corruption; promotes ethical
conduct in public life.
 Accountability of Leaders: Leaders are conscious of their ultimate
accountability to God.
 Solidarity & Cooperation: Fosters empathy and mutual assistance
among community members.
 Discouragement of Exploitation: Prevents oppression, as oppressors
face divine punishment.
 Moral Society: Promotes honesty, truthfulness, and integrity in all
dealings.
 Long-term Planning: Encourages sustainable practices and concern for
future generations.
 Conclusion: Belief in the Day of Judgment is a powerful motivator for moral
conduct, social responsibility, and striving for good, leading to a just and
harmonious society.

 Q. No. 4: Comment on the teachings of Islam regarding co-existence in a multi-faith

society.
o Dimension Explained: This question specifically addresses Islam's approach to religious
pluralism and peaceful co-existence in a society composed of people of different faiths.
It requires highlighting principles that promote harmony.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Acknowledge the reality of multi-faith societies and Islam's
teachings that promote tolerance and co-existence.
 Core Principles of Co-existence:
 No Compulsion in Religion (Quran 2:256): Fundamental principle of
religious freedom.
 Respect for Other Religions/Beliefs: Prohibition of insulting deities of
other faiths (Quran 6:108).
 Dignity of Humankind: Islam honors all human beings, irrespective of
faith (Quran 17:70).
 Justice (Adl): Essential for dealing with non-Muslims; fairness, equality
before law.
 Treaty & Covenant Fulfillment: Strict adherence to agreements with
non-Muslims.
 Protection of Minorities: Islamic state's responsibility to protect lives,
property, and places of worship of non-Muslim citizens.
 Common Ground: Emphasizing shared values and common ancestry
(Adam and Eve).
 Dialogue & Understanding: Encouraging positive engagement and
discussion.
 Examples from Sirah:
 Madina Accord: Establishment of a multi-faith state with
guaranteed rights for Jewish tribes.
 Treaty of Najran: Guaranteeing rights of Christians.
 Prophet's Interactions: His dealings with Jews, Christians, and
even pagans, often characterized by kindness and fairness.
  Practical Implications: Rights to worship, property, security, equal
opportunities, social interaction (e.g., sharing food, neighborly
relations).
 Conclusion: Islam provides a robust framework for pluralism, emphasizing
justice, mutual respect, and freedom of conscience, making peaceful co-
existence not just permissible but encouraged.

 Q. No. 6: Express the principles of accountability of rulers according to the Holy

Quarn and Sunnah.
o Dimension Explained: This question is governance-focused, specifically on the crucial
principle of accountability for rulers, deriving its basis from the primary sources of
Islamic law.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Emphasize that accountability is central to Islamic governance,
stemming from Tauheed (ultimate accountability to Allah).
 Principles of Accountability (Derived from Quran & Sunnah):
 Accountability to Allah: Ultimate accountability for all actions, including
governance, in this life and the Hereafter.
 Accountability to the Law (Sharia): Rulers are not above the law; they
are bound by the Quran and Sunnah.
 Accountability to the People: Rulers are trustees of the people's
welfare and resources.
 Public Scrutiny: Citizens have the right to question, advise, and even
criticize rulers (e.g., Umar's challenges).
 Shura (Consultation): Rulers are obliged to consult, making them
implicitly accountable to collective wisdom.
 Justice (Adl): Paramount; rulers are accountable for upholding justice
and preventing oppression.
 Transparency: Rulers should be open in their affairs (within limits of
public interest).
 Fulfilling Amanah (Trust): Public office is a sacred trust.
 Examples from Rashidun Caliphate:
 Abu Bakr's inaugural address: "If I do well, help me; and if I do
wrong, set me right."
 Umar's constant public accountability, including his personal
conduct and financial dealings.
 Judicial independence: Qadis (judges) could judge even the
Caliph.
 Purpose: Ensures just governance, prevents tyranny, fosters public
trust, and promotes Maslahah (public interest).
 Conclusion: Accountability is a fundamental pillar of Islamic governance,
ensuring that power is exercised responsibly and justly.

 Q. No. 7: Explore the importance of Sufism to spread out Islam. Is the amelioration
of current deviation possible through Sufism?
o Dimension Explained: This question explores the historical role of Sufism in the
propagation of Islam (Dawah) and then poses a contemporary, evaluative question
about its potential to rectify modern deviations within the Muslim world.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction to Sufism (Tasawwuf): Briefly define it as the mystical dimension
of Islam, focusing on inner purity, spiritual development, and deep love for
Allah, often through asceticism, remembrance, and self-purification.
 Importance of Sufism in Spreading Islam (Dawah):
 Emphasis on Love & Compassion: Attracted people through kindness,
humility, and spiritual magnetism rather than force.
 Adaptability: Sufis often adapted their methods to local cultures,
making Islam relatable.
 Personal Example: Their pious lives and moral conduct served as living
examples of Islamic ideals.
 Direct Engagement: Sufi saints travelled widely, living among common
people, addressing their spiritual needs.
 Brotherhood & Unity: Established Sufi orders that fostered strong
community bonds.
 Counter-Narrative: Offered a spiritual alternative to rigid legalism or
materialism.
 Geographical Reach: Instrumental in spreading Islam in South Asia,
Africa, Southeast Asia, Central Asia.
 Amelioration of Current Deviation through Sufism (Arguments for &
against/nuanced perspective):
 Possible (Arguments for):
 Focus on Inner Purity: Can counter materialism, corruption, and
superficial religiosity.
 Emphasis on Love & Tolerance: Can combat extremism,
sectarianism, and intolerance.
 Spiritual Revival: Can revitalize faith and provide a sense of
purpose in a disillusioned world.
 Unity: Can foster brotherhood among different Muslim groups
by focusing on common spiritual ground.
 Limitations/Challenges:
 Deviations within Sufism: Some Sufi practices have deviated
from orthodox Islam, leading to misconceptions (e.g., grave
worship, reliance on mediators).
 Lack of Political/Economic Solutions: Primarily focuses on
individual spirituality, may not directly address systemic political
or economic issues.
 Divisions: Different Sufi orders can sometimes create new forms
of sectarianism.
 Nuanced Conclusion: Authentic Sufism (rooted in Quran and Sunnah)
can certainly play a vital role in the moral and spiritual revival of the
Ummah and in countering extremism, but it needs to be integrated with
broader efforts for justice, education, and socio-economic development.
It's a powerful tool but not a sole panacea.
 Q. No. 8: Write notes on the following: (a) Treaty of Hudaybiyya as a pact of peace.
(b) Benefits acquired from Battle of Khayber.
o Dimension Explained: This question requires short, focused notes on two specific
historical events, highlighting their character (as a peace pact) and outcomes (benefits),
respectively.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention for each part):
 (a) Treaty of Hudaybiyya as a pact of peace:
 Context: Signed in 6 AH (628 CE) between Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
and the Quraish of Makkah. Muslims wanted to perform Umrah.
 Nature as a Peace Pact:
 Temporary Truce: Established a 10-year truce between Muslims
and Quraish.
 Freedom of Movement: Allowed Muslims to perform
pilgrimage next year.
 Cessation of Hostilities: Ended immediate warfare, providing a
period of peace.
 Diplomatic Recognition: Implicitly recognized the Muslim state
by the Quraish, moving from a state of war to diplomatic
engagement.
 Seemingly Unfavorable Terms: Initially seemed
disadvantageous to Muslims (e.g., return of new converts to
Quraish, no Umrah that year), but Prophet's foresight.
 Strategic Significance:
 Opened Doors for Dawah: Peace allowed Prophet to send
letters to kings, inviting them to Islam.
 Increase in Muslim Converts: Many Quraish accepted Islam
during the truce period.
 Preparation for Conquest of Makkah: Weakened Quraish's
position, facilitated eventual peaceful conquest.
 Conclusion: A profound example of strategic patience and a peace
treaty that brought long-term benefits to Islam.
 (b) Benefits acquired from Battle of Khayber:
 Context: Battle in 7 AH (628 CE) against the Jewish stronghold of
Khaybar, known for its strong fortresses and wealth.
 Benefits Acquired:
 Economic Gains: Substantial war spoils (Ghanimah) acquired,
including fertile land, dates, and arms. This significantly
improved the economic condition of the Muslims, especially the
poor Muhajireen.
 Food Security: Khaybar's agricultural wealth helped solve
Madina's food supply issues.
 Elimination of a Threat: Removed a hostile Jewish stronghold
that had conspired against Muslims (e.g., during Battle of
Khandaq).
 Increased Muslim Prestige: Demonstrated Muslim strength and
deterred other hostile tribes.
 Strengthening of Madina: Secured the northern frontier of the
Islamic state.
  Land Ownership: Land was distributed or remained under
Muslim control, with Jewish inhabitants becoming tenants.
 Moral Victory: A significant psychological victory after the
perceived setback of Uhud.
 Conclusion: Khaybar was a crucial military and economic victory that
secured the early Islamic state and provided much-needed resources.

Year: 2022

 Q. No. 4: Elaborate the concept and importance of Ijtihad and explain its principles.
o Dimension Explained: This question is foundational and jurisprudential, requiring a
detailed explanation of Ijtihad (independent reasoning), its definition, significance,
and the underlying methodological principles that govern it. This is very similar to Q.2
(2018), but explicitly asks for "principles" as well.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Concept of Ijtihad: (As explained for 2018 Q.2) Definition, qualified jurist.
 Importance of Ijtihad: (As explained for 2018 Q.2) Addressing new challenges,
dynamism, intellectual revival etc.
 Principles of Ijtihad (Usul al-Fiqh as applied to Ijtihad):
 Reliance on Primary Sources: Quran and authentic Sunnah are the
primary sources.
 Understanding Arabic Language: Deep understanding of the classical
Arabic language and its nuances.
 Knowledge of Naskh (Abrogation): Ability to distinguish abrogating and
abrogated verses/Hadith.
 Knowledge of Asbab an-Nuzul / Asbab al-Wurud: Context of
revelation/occurrence of Hadith.
 Knowledge of Ijma (Consensus): Ensuring the ruling does not
contradict a prior consensus.
 Knowledge of Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning): Ability to derive rulings
for new cases based on analogy with existing ones.
 Understanding Maqasid al-Shari'ah (Objectives of Islamic Law):
Rulings must align with the overarching goals of Islamic law
(preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, property, and dignity).
 Awareness of Contemporary Realities: Understanding the current
social, economic, scientific, and political context of the issue.
 Piety & Integrity: Mujtahid must be a person of upright character.
 Objectivity: Free from personal bias, prejudice, or political influence.
 Conclusion: Ijtihad is a sophisticated and rigorous process, guided by
established principles, essential for Islamic law's ongoing vitality and relevance.

 Q. No. 7: Explain the Reconstruction of Pakistani Society in the light of Islamic

Teachings.
o Dimension Explained: This is a highly applied and prescriptive question, calling for a
vision of societal reconstruction in Pakistan explicitly based on Islamic teachings. It
 requires identifying areas needing reform and proposing solutions grounded in Islamic
principles.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly acknowledge Pakistan's founding ideology (Islamic
principles) and current societal challenges. Emphasize the need for genuine
reconstruction based on Islam.
 Key Areas for Reconstruction (with Islamic Teachings as solutions):
 Justice System (Adl):
 Problem: Delays, corruption, inaccessibility for the poor.
 Islamic Solution: Establish speedy, equitable, and accessible
justice based on Islamic principles of fairness, accountability,
and impartiality (Quranic injunctions, Prophetic justice,
Khulafa-e-Rashideen model).
 Economic System:
 Problem: Inequality, poverty, inflation, Riba-based economy.
 Islamic Solution: Promote Zakat, eliminate Riba, encourage
ethical business, wealth distribution, discourage hoarding,
ensure basic needs for all.
 Education System:
 Problem: Low literacy, quality issues, lack of research, rote
learning.
 Islamic Solution: Emphasis on knowledge (Ilm), critical
thinking, integration of religious and modern sciences, character
building, universal access to quality education.
 Governance & Accountability:
 Problem: Corruption, weak governance, lack of accountability of
rulers.
 Islamic Solution: Uphold Amanah (trust), Shura (consultation),
strict accountability, rule of law, ethical leadership as per Quran
and Sunnah.
 Moral & Ethical Values:
 Problem: Decline in moral values, increasing social evils.
 Islamic Solution: Promote Tazkiyah (self-purification), Ehsan
(excellence), honesty, truthfulness, compassion, and respect for
all as core societal values.
 Extremism & Sectarianism:
 Problem: Intolerance, violence, sectarian divisions.
 Islamic Solution: Promote Wasatiyyah (moderation),
tolerance, interfaith harmony, unity, and correct interpretation
of Islam.
 Women's Rights & Family:
 Problem: Discrimination, violence, denial of rights.
 Islamic Solution: Uphold full rights of women as per Islam
(inheritance, education, dignity), strengthen family institution
based on mutual respect.
 Role of Ulama, Intellectuals, Media: Crucial in promoting Islamic values and
guiding reconstruction.
  Conclusion: Reconstructing Pakistani society requires a holistic approach,
integrating authentic Islamic teachings into all facets of national life, leading to a
just, prosperous, and morally upright society.

Year: 2023

 Q. No. 2: What is the Qur'anic argument on the Life Hereafter? What are its
impacts on the individual and collective life of a human being?
o Dimension Explained: This question is theological and argumentative, specifically
asking for the Quranic evidence and reasoning for the Life Hereafter (Aakhirah) and
then analyzing its consequences on individual and societal conduct. This is similar to
Q.2 (2021) but explicitly asks for the "Quranic argument."
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly define Aakhirah and its central place in Islamic belief.
 Quranic Arguments for Life Hereafter:
 Divine Justice: Allah is Just; if there is no afterlife, justice is incomplete,
as oppressors often thrive and the righteous suffer in this world.
 Divine Power & Wisdom: Allah created the universe once; recreating
humans after death is easier for Him (e.g., Quran 36:78-83).
 Purpose of Creation: Life would be meaningless without ultimate
accountability and purpose. Quran emphasizes that humans are not
created in vain.
 Signs in Nature: Revival of dead earth after rain is a metaphor for
resurrection.
 Rationality: Belief in an afterlife aligns with human intuition about right
and wrong and the desire for ultimate meaning.
 Prophetic Testimonies: All prophets brought the message of an
afterlife.
 Specific Quranic Verses: Quote/refer to relevant verses (e.g., Surah Al-
Fatiha, Surah Al-Zalzalah, Surah Ya-Sin, Surah Al-Qiyamah).
 Impacts on Individual and Collective Life: (As explained for 2021 Q.2).
 Individual: Moral responsibility, purpose, patience, justice,
righteousness, humility, contentment.
 Collective: Social justice, law and order, accountability of leaders,
solidarity, discouragement of exploitation, moral society, long-term
planning.
 Conclusion: The Quran provides compelling rational and theological arguments
for the afterlife, which profoundly shapes the worldview and actions of
believers, leading to a just and purposeful life.

 Q. No. 4: Elaborate the rights of daughters granted by Islam and how these are
denied by Muslims in the contemporary world?
o Dimension Explained: This is a specific and critical question, focusing on the rights of
daughters in Islam and then critically examining how these rights are violated by
contemporary Muslim societies, highlighting the discrepancy between Islamic teachings
and cultural practices. This is similar to Q.3 (2021) but specifically for daughters and
adds the "denial" aspect.
 o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly state the pre-Islamic practice of female infanticide and
discrimination against daughters. Emphasize Islam's revolutionary reforms.
 Rights of Daughters Granted by Islam:
 Right to Life & Dignity: Absolute prohibition of female infanticide and
ensuring their survival.
 Right to Education: Obligatory for both sons and daughters.
 Right to Inheritance: Quran explicitly grants daughters a share (usually
half of a son's share, but context matters).
 Right to Financial Support: From father before marriage, from husband
after marriage. She is not obligated to spend from her earnings.
 Right to Mahr (Dower): An exclusive right from the husband at
marriage.
 Right to Choose Spouse: Cannot be forced into marriage.
 Kind & Just Treatment: Parents are commanded to treat daughters with
kindness and provide them with proper upbringing.
 Right to Name and Identity:
 Spiritual Equality: Equal in rewards and accountability to Allah.
 Denial of these Rights by Muslims in the Contemporary World:
 Female Infanticide/Neglect: Though rare, still occurs in some pockets.
 Denial of Inheritance: Daughters are often deprived of their rightful
share due to cultural norms, tribal customs, or illiteracy.
 Forced Marriages: Girls are sometimes forced into marriage against
their will.
 Limited Access to Education: Daughters are sometimes prioritized less
than sons for schooling, especially in rural areas.
 Domestic Violence & Abuse: Despite prohibitions, still prevalent.
 Lack of Financial Independence: Control over their earnings or inherited
wealth is sometimes usurped.
 Social Discrimination: Preference for sons, devaluing daughters.
 Reasons for Denial: Cultural practices, illiteracy, patriarchal traditions,
misinterpretation of Islamic texts, weak enforcement of laws.
 Conclusion: Emphasize that the denial of these rights is a deviation from true
Islamic teachings and a severe injustice, calling for a return to authentic Islamic
principles and stronger implementation of legal protections.

 Q. No. 8: Write notes on the following: (ii) Social Justice in an Islamic Society.
o Dimension Explained: This is a conceptual and applied note on Social Justice (Adl al-
Ijtima'i) as a fundamental principle governing the structure and functioning of an
Islamic society.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Definition: Social justice in Islam means establishing fairness, equity, and
righteousness in all aspects of societal life, ensuring rights are upheld, and
preventing oppression and exploitation. It flows from Adl (justice) as a core
Islamic value.
 Foundational Principles:
 Tawhid (Oneness of God): All humans are equal before one God;
eliminates hierarchy based on race, wealth, or status.
  Khilafah (Vicegerency): Humans are trustees of Allah's resources and
must manage them justly.
 Accountability: Individuals and rulers are accountable to Allah for their
actions.
 Brotherhood (Ummah): Promotes solidarity and mutual responsibility.
 Manifestations/Mechanisms of Social Justice:
 Economic Justice:
 Zakat: Wealth redistribution, poverty alleviation.
 Prohibition of Riba, Gharar, Maysir: Prevents exploitation,
promotes fair transactions.
 Lawful Earnings: Encourages honest work, discourages unlawful
means.
 Inheritance Laws: Equitable distribution of wealth.
 Emphasis on Charity (Sadaqah, Infaq): Voluntary giving.
 Legal Justice:
 Equality before Law: No one is above the law, even rulers.
 Independent Judiciary: Fair and impartial justice system.
 Protection of Rights: Safeguarding life, property, honor, and
freedom.
 Political Justice:
 Shura (Consultation): Inclusion in decision-making processes.
 Accountability of Rulers: Ensuring leaders serve the public
interest.
 Social Justice:
 Care for Vulnerable: Orphans, widows, poor, disabled.
 Rights of Minorities: Protection of life, property, and religious
freedom.
 Gender Equality in Rights: Ensuring women receive their due
rights (as per Islam).
 Prohibition of Discrimination: Against race, color, origin.
 Conclusion: Social justice is not merely an ideal in Islam but a practical
imperative, aiming to create a balanced, compassionate, and equitable society.

Year: 2024

Q. No. 5 (2022): Explain the doctrine of Prophethood and its importance in human life.

Q. No. 4 (2024): Explain the doctrine of Prophethood and its importance in human life.

o Dimension Explained: This is an identical question to Q.5 (2022), focusing on the

doctrine of Risalat (Prophethood) and its paramount importance for human
existence.

How to Respond

Definition of Prophethood (Risalat): Divine institution, purpose, chain of prophets, characteristics.

Importance in Human Life: Source of divine guidance, moral framework, bridge between Creator &
creation, clarity on Tauheed, foundation of law, guidance for worship, accountability, role models,
spiritual fulfillment, societal reform.

Conclusion: Risalat is indispensable for human spiritual and moral well-being.

 Q. No. 6: How can the system of accountability in Pakistan be idealized in the

teachings of the Holy Prophet ()? Explain.
o Dimension Explained: This is a highly applied and prescriptive question, asking for
practical ways to idealize Pakistan's accountability system by drawing directly from the
teachings and example of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention):
 Introduction: Briefly acknowledge the issues with accountability in Pakistan and
the need to refer to the prophetic model.
 Prophetic Teachings/Examples on Accountability:
 Self-Accountability: Prophet (PBUH) always emphasized his own
accountability to Allah and was open to questioning.
 Equality before Law: He demonstrated that no one is above the law
(e.g., incident of a woman from Bani Makhzum).
 Justice (Adl): His insistence on absolute justice, even against oneself or
relatives.
 Fulfilling Amanah (Trust): Public office as a trust, not a means of
personal gain.
 Transparency: His openness in dealings.
 Simplicity & Frugality: Living a simple life, avoiding extravagance, which
helps in reducing corruption.
 Warning Against Corruption: Strict warnings against bribery,
embezzlement, and misuse of power.
 Openness to Criticism: He welcomed sincere advice and criticism from
companions.
 Strong Sanctions: Establishment of severe consequences for those who
violate trust or commit injustice.
 Selection of Competent & Pious Officials: Emphasis on merit and
character for appointments.
 Idealizing Pakistan's Accountability System (Practical Steps based on Prophetic
Teachings):
 Independent & Empowered Institutions: Create truly autonomous
accountability bodies (NAB, judiciary) free from political interference.
 Strengthening Rule of Law: Ensure that laws are applied equally to all,
regardless of status.
 Promoting Transparency: Implement measures for public access to
information, disclosure of assets.
 Zero Tolerance for Corruption: Implement strict enforcement, swift
justice, and severe penalties for corruption.
  Ethical Leadership: Encourage and elect leaders who embody prophetic
values of honesty, integrity, and public service.
 Public Awareness & Participation: Educate citizens about their right to
hold rulers accountable and encourage active participation in anti-
corruption efforts.
 Moral & Spiritual Training: Integrate Islamic ethics into civil service
training and public life.
 Whistleblower Protection: Safeguard those who expose wrongdoing.
 Conclusion: By truly internalizing and implementing the prophetic model of
accountability, Pakistan can build a robust, transparent, and just system that
serves its citizens effectively.

 Q. No. 8: Write notes on the following: (a) Ijtihad (b) The importance of epistles of
Hazrat Ali )‫) رضی اللہ عنہ‬
o Dimension Explained: This question asks for focused notes. Part (a) is on Ijtihad
(independent reasoning) (similar to 2018 Q.2 and 2022 Q.4). Part (b) introduces a new
specific topic: the importance of the epistles (letters/writings) of Hazrat Ali (RA),
focusing on their content and legacy.
o How to Respond (Key Points to Mention for each part):
 (a) Ijtihad:
 Definition: (As explained for 2018 Q.2 and 2022 Q.4) Process of deriving
independent legal rulings by qualified jurists.
 Necessity/Importance: To address new issues not explicitly covered in
Quran/Sunnah; ensures dynamism and adaptability of Islamic law;
provides solutions for contemporary challenges; fosters intellectual
vitality.
 Conditions/Principles: (Briefly mention some) Deep knowledge of
Quran/Sunnah, Arabic, Usul al-Fiqh, Ijma, Qiyas, Maqasid al-
Shari'ah.
 Conclusion: A vital intellectual tool for Islamic jurisprudence.
 (b) The importance of epistles of Hazrat Ali (RA):
 Introduction: Briefly mention Hazrat Ali (RA) as a central figure, fourth
Caliph, known for eloquence and wisdom. His epistles are collected in
Nahj al-Balaghah (Peak of Eloquence) and other compilations.
 Importance/Themes of Epistles:
 Guidance on Governance & Justice: Most famous is his letter to
Malik al-Ashtar (Governor of Egypt), a comprehensive treatise
on ethical and just governance. Emphasizes justice, compassion
for subjects, accountability of rulers, care for poor/weak,
fairness in revenue collection.
 Moral & Ethical Teachings: Provide profound insights into piety,
humility, patience, trustworthiness, sincerity, and other virtues.
 Spiritual Wisdom: Deep spiritual insights into Tawhid, purpose
of life, and the Hereafter.
 Legal & Jurisprudential Insights: Contain his legal opinions and
judgments on various matters.
  Rhetorical Excellence: Highly regarded for their literary beauty,
eloquence, and profound impact on Arabic literature.
 Practical Wisdom: Offer timeless advice for individuals and
rulers on navigating life's challenges.
 Source of Inspiration: Continues to inspire leaders, scholars,
and individuals on principled living and governance.
 Historical Record: Provide insights into the challenges and
intellectual life of his era.
 Conclusion: Hazrat Ali's epistles are invaluable sources of Islamic
thought, particularly on governance, ethics, and spirituality, offering
practical and timeless wisdom.

 Theme 6: Framework of Islamic Worship and Personal & Societal Transformation

 Q. No. 5 (2016): Define the meaning of prayer and its different categories. Also
describe the spiritual, moral and social impact of prayers.
 Dimension Explained: This question is foundational and multi-dimensional, focusing on the Islamic pillar of Prayer (Salat). It
asks for a basic definition, categorization, and then a comprehensive analysis of its impact across spiritual, moral, and social spheres.