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TEST BOOKLET

GENERAL STUDIES (P) 2025 – Test – 4716

C
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

INSTRUCTIONS

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4. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel
that there is more than one correct response with you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response
for each item.

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DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

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1. Recently, the Digital Bharat Nidhi has been 4. The technology Brain Computer Interface,
established for which of the following recently in the news, refers to a/an
purposes? (a) algorithm that helps social media
(a) Fast tracking of stalled e-governance platforms to understand human mood and
projects provide content accordingly.
(b) Enhancing the reach of argi-extension (b) technology that helps in better imagining
services of brain to treat cancer.

(c) Funding telecom schemes in underserved (c) system that enhances brain function by

remote/rural areas using Artificial Intelligence.

(d) Promotion of e-learning under National (d) technology that allows users to
Education Policy communicate or control external devices
using brain signals.

2. Recently, the Union Cabinet approved the

5. Recently, Type 1 diabetic woman was treated
continuation of Integrated Development of
by using stem cell transplant. In this context,
Wildlife Habitats (IDWH) Scheme. Consider
consider the following statements regarding
the following statements:
stem cells:
1. It is a centrally-sponsored scheme.
1. They are specialised cells that cannot
2. Project Tiger is a sub-scheme under it.
self-renew
3. It aims to provide support to both
2. Embryos are the only major source of
protected areas and protection of wildlife
stem cells.
outside protected areas.
Which of the statements given above is/are
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) Only one (b) 2 only
(b) Only two (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) All three (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) None
6. In the context of landslides, consider the
3. Union Cabinet has recently approved Pradhan following statements:
Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan (PM- 1. Slump is slipping of one or several units
JUGA). What is the main aim of the scheme? of rock debris with a backward rotation
(a) Establish one model villages in all tribal 2. Debris fall is free-falling of rock blocks
dominated districts of the country. over any steep slope.
(b) Develop modern infrastructure in border 3. Sliding of earth debris without backward
tribal villages. rotation of mass is known as debris slide.
(c) Comprehensive development of tribal Which of the statements given above is/are
areas and communities by addressing correct?
critical gaps in infrastructure, healthcare, (a) 1 and 3 only
education, and livelihoods. (b) 2 only
(d) Promote development in Left Wing (c) 1 and 2 only
Extremism affected tribal districts. (d) 1 only

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7. The World Ozone Day was recently 10. Recently, the Prime Minister of India
celebrated on 16th September. In this context, embarked on a first ever bilateral visit to
Brunei Darussalam. In this context, consider
consider the following ozone-depleting
the following statements regarding Brunei :
substances:
1. It is an Southeast Asian country that lies
1. Carbon Tetrachloride on the Island of Borneo.
2. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 2. It shares a land boundary with Indonesia.
3. It is a member of ASEAN and
3. Methly Bromide
Commonwealth.
4. Halons How many of the above statements are
5. Methyl Chloroform correct?
How many of the above ozone-depleting (a) Only one
substances have been successfully phased out (b) Only two
(c) All three
by India in its efforts to protect the ozone
(d) None
layer?
(a) Only two 11. Consider the following statements regarding
(b) Only three AYUSH drugs :
1. Ministry of AYUSH is vested with
(c) Only four
powers to issue license to drugs.
(d) All five
2. All AYUSH Drugs have to undergo
safety trails before being approved.
8. Consider following statements regarding the 3. The guidelines for their advertisement are
recognition of World Craft Cities: covered under Drugs and Cosmetic
Rules, 1945.
1. The World Craft City designation is
Which of the statements given above is/are
awarded by UNESCO. correct?
2. Ahmedabad has been recently recognized (a) 1 and 2 only
as a World Craft City. (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
(d) 1, 2 and 3
correct?
(a) 1 only 12. Consider the following statements with
(b) 2 only respect to the India-Gulf Cooperation Council
(c) Both 1 and 2 (GCC) relations :
1. As of 2020-21, about 30% of India's
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
inward remittances originated from the
GCC region.
9. Which of the following releases the Global 2. GCC countries account for more than
Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024? 50% of India's oil imports and 70% of its
(a) World Trade Organization (WTO) gas imports.
Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) International Telecommunication Union
correct?
(ITU)
(a) 1 only
(c) World Economic Forum (WEF) (b) 2 only
(d) Organization for Economic Cooperation (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
and Development (OECD)

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13. With reference to the 'Elongated Tortoise', 16. Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs
recently seen in news, consider the following released the Guidelines on Recovery and
statements: Reconstruction (R&R) Funding Window
1. It is only found in the rainforests of South within National Disaster Response Fund
America. (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Fund
2. It is listed as "Endangered" on the IUCN (SDRF). In this context, consider the
Red List. following statements regarding NDRF and
Which of the statements given above is/are SDRF:
correct? 1. They were set up under the Disaster
(a) 1 only Management Act, 2005.
(b) 2 only 2. The allocation of funds under the SDRF
(c) Both 1 and 2 and NDRF is based on the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 recommendations of the successive
Financial Commissions.
14. Recently, the Securities and Exchange Board Which of the statements given above is/are
of India (Foreign Venture Capital Investors) correct?
(Amendment) Regulations, 2024 were laid (a) 1 only
down. In this context, which of the following (b) 2 only
best describes a Venture Capital Fund (c) Both 1 and 2
(VCF)? (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) A fund that provides loans to trade in
commodities and foreign exchange The BHASKAR, launched recently, is a
17.
markets platform designed to:
(b) A fund that provides high-risk, high- (a) promote foreign direct investment in the
return investments in exchange for equity manufacturing sector.
stakes in businesses.
(b) centralize, streamline, and enhance
(c) A fund that invests only in government
collaboration among stakeholders in the
bonds and securities
entrepreneurial ecosystem.
(d) A fund that lends money to listed
(c) boost agricultural productivity and
companies on major stock exchanges
exports.
(d) develop infrastructure for rural
15. Recently, Multilateral Investment Guarantee
electrification.
Agency (MIGA) and International Solar
Alliance (ISA) announced the establishment
18. Recently, the Mankidia tribes have been
of MIGA-ISA Solar Facility, a multi-donor
formally provided the habitat rights under the
trust fund, consider the following statements
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional
regarding MIGA :
Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
1. It is a part of the International Monetary
Rights) Act, [Link] this context, consider the
Fund (IMF) and provides loans to
following statements:
developing countries to promote cross-
border investments. 1. They are found in Odisha.
2. They are Particularly Vulnerable Tribal
2. India is not a member of the Multilateral
groups.
Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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19. Consider the following statements regarding 21. In the context of economy, what does the term
Dutch disease refer to?
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV):
(a) A situation wherein a country witnesses
1. It is a double-stranded RNA virus.
uneven growth across sectors due to the
2. Pigs carry strains of HEV that can infect
discovery of natural resources, especially
humans.
large oil reserves.
3. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal- (b) An economic scenario where inflation
oral route, especially through increases rapidly due to excessive
government spending.
contaminated water and food.
(c) A condition where a country’s economy
4. Vaccine for the treatment of acute HEV
benefits from high exports in all sectors.
is available in India. (d) A form of economic recession caused by
How many of the statements given above are a shortage of natural resources.

correct?
22. Square Kilometer Array (SKA) recently
(a) Only one
mentioned in news, refers to
(b) Only two
(a) It is a massive underwater listening
(c) Only three device used to detect underwater volcanic
(d) All four activity.
(b) It is world’s largest radio telescope,
designed to observe understand about the
20. Consider the following statements regarding
birth of Universe.
the Van Allen Belts:
(c) A satellite network focused on observing
1. Solar winds cause the formation of both climate changes on Earth.
the inner and outer Van Allen Belts. (d) It is an ocean-based sensor network used
2. Astronauts and spacecraft must fly by navies to detect submarines.

through Van Allen Belts to reach outer

23. What does the term "Legacy Waste" refer to?
space.
(a) Radioactive waste produced by nuclear
3. The Van Allen belts are most intense over
power plants and stored for centuries.
the Equator and are effectively absent
(b) Hazardous chemical waste generated by
above the poles. industries that requires long-term

Which of the statements given above is/are treatment.

(c) Aged municipal solid waste (MSW)
correct?
typically found in landfills or dumpsites,
(a) 1 only accumulated over years.
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) Waste material left behind by military

(c) 1, 2 and 3 operations, including discarded weapons

(d) None and ammunition.

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24. Which of the following countries are part of 27. Consider the following statements:
the G4 Nations that support each other’s bids 1. The Earth's atmosphere is heated as it
for permanent seats on the United Nations absorbs heat from the Earth's surface.
Security Council? 2. Advection is the process by which the
(a) Brazil, Russia, India, China earth transmits heat to the lower layers of
(b) Germany, India, Japan, Brazil the atmosphere through direct contact.
(c) USA, UK, France, Germany Which of the statements given above is/are
(d) Brazil, Germany, Russia, India correct?
(a) 1 only
25. Consider the following statements regarding
(b) 2 only
the National Health Accounts Estimates for
(c) Both 1 and 2
India for the year 2021-22, released recently
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
by Union Health Ministry:
1. There has been increase in Out-of-Pocket
28. Which of the following are the factors
expenditure as a percentage of Total
controlling the temperature distribution of air
Health Expenditure from 2013-14 to
at any place on the Earth's surface?
2021-22.
2. The share of Government Health 1. Longitude
Expenditure in the country’s total GDP 2. Distance from the sea
increased from 1.13% in 2014-15 to 3. Latitude
1.84% in 2021-22. 4. Presence of cold ocean currents
3. Per capita Government spending on 5. Altitude
healthcare has decreased over the years. Select the correct answer using the code given
How many of the statements given above are below.
correct? (a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(a) Only one (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(b) Only two (c) 1, 2 and 5 only
(c) All three (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(d) None
29. In the context of Jet Streams, consider the
26. In the context of El Nino, consider the following statements:
following statements: 1. Jet streams are high-altitude winds found
1. El Nino is a climate pattern that causes a only in the stratosphere region of the
warming of sea surface temperatures in atmosphere.
the central and eastern Indian Ocean. 2. They generally blow from west to east all
2. The occurrence of El Nino is associated
across the globe.
with reduced rainfall during the Indian
3. Jet streams are the strongest during both
monsoon season.
the northern and southern hemisphere
3. El Niño typically last nine to twelve
winters.
months only.
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 2 only
(b) 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

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30. Consider the following pairs in the context of 33. In the context of land and sea breezes,
rainfall distribution in India: consider the following statements:
Average Rainfall Region 1. Land breezes originate from high-
1. Heavy Rainfall : Brahmaputra pressure areas over the land and blow
exceeds 400 cm valley towards the sea.
2. Moderate : Northern 2. Land breezes are stronger during summer
Rainfall between Ganga plain nights than winter nights.
100-200 3. Sea breezes are strongest during the
3. Low Rainfall : Western Uttar monsoon season in tropical regions.
between 50-100 cm Pradesh How many of the statements given above are
How many pairs given above are correctly correct?
matched? (a) Only one
(a) Only one (b) Only two
(b) Only two (c) All three
(c) All three (d) None
(d) None
34. With reference to water vapour, consider the
31. Consider the following pairs in the context of following statements:
local winds: 1. Water vapour absorbs both long-wave
Wind Key Features terrestrial radiation and short-wave solar
1. Bora : Cold and moist radiation.
2. Sirocco : Hot and dry 2. Water vapour increases from the equator
3. Harmattan : Cold and dry towards the poles.
How many pairs given above are correctly
3. Water vapour acts like a blanket allowing
matched?
the earth neither to become too cold nor
(a) Only one
too hot.
(b) Only two How many of the statements given above are
(c) All three correct?
(d) None
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
32. Consider the following pairs in the context of
(c) All three
the structure of the Atmosphere:
(d) None
Layer Key Features
1. Troposphere : Contains 75% of
35. Consider the following statements regarding
atmospheric mass
the cold front:
2. Stratosphere : Ideal for air travel
1. It occurs when a cold air mass moves into
due to stable
a region occupied by a warmer air mass.
conditions.
2. It leads to the development of cumulus or
3. Thermosphere : Most meteors burn
cumulonimbus clouds and can trigger
up here due to thin
thunderstorms.
air
How many pairs given above are correctly Which of the statements given above is/are
matched? correct?

(a) Only one (a) 1 only

(b) Only two (b) 2 only
(c) All three (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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36. Consider the following statements regarding 39. In the context of isotherms, consider the
orographic rainfall: following statements:
1. Orographic rainfall occurs when cold and 1. Isotherms are lines drawn on a map
dry air moves over a mountain range. connecting places with the same
2. Orographic rainfall is responsible for temperature.
heavy precipitation on the leeward side of
2. Isotherms shift southwards during
mountains.
summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
3. Anaimalai and Nilgiri ranges provide
3. In the Southern Hemisphere, isotherms
favourable conditions for orographic
are generally more parallel to latitude
rainfall.
How many of the statements given above are than in the Northern Hemisphere.
correct? How many of the statements given above are
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two (a) Only one
(c) All three (b) Only two
(d) None (c) All three
(d) None
37. In the context of trade winds, consider the
following statements: 40. The term 'doldrums' often heard in geography
1. Trade Winds blow from the subtropical roughly corresponds to which of the
high-pressure belts toward the equatorial following regions?
low-pressure zone.
(a) High-pressure zones in the mid-latitudes
2. Trade Winds blow from the southeast
(b) Low-pressure regions near the equator
direction in the Northern Hemisphere.
with calm winds
3. Trade Winds are stronger over land
(c) Strong winds occurring in the polar
compared to the oceans.
regions
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? (d) Cyclonic storm systems in the Indian

(a) 1 only Ocean

(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only 41. This climate occurs along the west coast of
(d) 2 only continents in subtropical latitudes between
30° - 40° latitudes e.g. — Central California,
38. Consider the following statements: Central Chile, along the coast in south eastern
1. The pressure gradient is strong where the and south western Australia. These areas
isobars are close to each other. come under the influence of sub-tropical high
2. The Coriolis force is inversely in summer and westerly wind in winter.
proportional to the angle of latitude. Hence, the climate is characterised by hot, dry
3. At the equator, the wind blows
summer and mild, rainy winter.
perpendicular to the isobars.
Which of the following is best described in
Which of the statements given above is/are
the passage given above?
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) Tropical Wet and Dry Climate
(b) 1 and 3 only (b) Humid subtropical Climates
(c) 1 only (c) Mediterranean Climate
(d) 2 and 3 only (d) Cold Snow Forest Climates

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42. Which of the following conditions are 45. Which of the following types of soil erosion
essential for the full development of Karst occur through the action of water?
topography in any region? 1. Scalding
1. highly jointed and thinly bedded rocks 2. Leaching
2. very low rainfall 3. Gully Erosion
3. good groundwater circulation 4. Stream Bank Erosion
4. dense and soluble limestone near the 5. Abrasion
surface Select the correct answer from the code given
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
below. (a) 2, 3, and 4 only

(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only

(c) 1,4 and 5 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
46. The terrigenous deposits are those which are
found on the continental shelves and slopes
43. Consider the following countries:
and mainly consist of the rock material
1. Jordan
derived because of wear and tear.
2. Morocco
With reference to the above paragraph, which
3. Tunisia
of the following are examples of terrigenous
4. Algeria
deposits?
Which of the countries given above share a
1. Silt
border with the Mediterranean sea?
2. Clay
(a) 2, 3 and 4 only
3. Red clay
(b) 2 and 3 only 4. Red mud
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 5. Siliceous oozes
(d) 1 and 4 only Select the correct answer using the code given
below.
44. With reference to river meanders, consider
(a) 1, 3 and 5 only
the following statements:
(b) 2,3 and 4 only
1. Meanders are the result of erosion and (c) 1,2 and 4 only
deposition both. (d) 1,2,3,4 and 5
2. Meanders are developed through lateral
erosion only. 47. Which of the following suitably describes
3. Mature streams are more capable of North-east India as per Koppen’s
forming meanders. classification?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) Humid sub-tropical climate with dry
correct? winter (Cwg)
(a) 1 only (b) Tropical wet and dry climate (Monsoon
(b) 1 and 3 only Savannah) (Aw)
(c) 2 and 3 only (c) Sub-tropical monsoon rainforet (Am)
(d) 1,2 and 3 (d) Tropical monsoon rainforest (Amw)

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48. These forests occur in the areas that receive 51. Consider the following states:
low rainfall. These consist of a variety of 1. Madhya Pradesh
grasses and shrubs. In these forests, plants
2. Haryana
remain leafless for most part of the year and
3. Uttar Pradesh
give an expression of scrub vegetation.
Important species found are babool, ber, and 4. Maharashtra
wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas, etc. 5. Karnataka
Which of the following types of forests is In which of the above states do ‘Tropical
being described in the above-given passage? Thorn Forests’ occur?
(a) Dry deciduous forest (a) 2 and 4 only
(b) Montane Forests (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) Tropical thorn forest
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) Moist deciduous forest
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
49. With reference to the world distribution of
rainfall, consider the following statements: 52. Consider the following statements regarding
1. The rainfall usually decreases as one Geostrophic Currents:
moves from the equator towards the
1. They are ocean currents formed when the
poles.
pressure gradient force is more than the
2. The regions between latitudes 35° and
Coriolis force.
40° N and S receive heavier rainfall on
the western coasts compared to the 2. The direction of geostrophic flow will be
eastern coasts. parallel to an isobar.
3. In the western parts of cool temperate Which of the statements given above is/are
regions, rainfall is distributed evenly correct?
throughout the year.
(a) 1 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? (b) 2 only

(a) 1 and 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(b) 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 53. Which among the following countries are
landlocked?
50. With reference to insolation received on the
Earth's surface, which one of the following 1. Uzbekistan
statements is correct? 2. Iran
(a) The earth’s surface receives most of its 3. Armenia
energy in long wavelengths. 4. Afghanistan
(b) Insolation received at the surface is 5. Azerbaijan
generally higher over the oceans than the Select the correct answer using the code given
continents at the same latitude.
below.
(c) The tropics receive more insolation than
(a) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
the equator.
(d) The insolation received by the earth on (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
4th July is slightly more than the amount (c) 3, 4 and 5 only
received on 3rd January. (d) 1, 2 and 5 only

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54. Consider the following statements: 57. Consider the following pairs:
1. The ocean waters at the equatorial belt Regional : Description
records high salinity levels due to higher
features
insolation.
1. Reh and : Elevated piece of land
2. Formation of Sea Ice in oceans decreases
salinity levels. Kollar along the bank of the
Which of the statements given above is/are upper Ganga-Yamuna
correct? Doab
(a) 1 only
2. Karewas : Thick deposits of glacial
(b) 2 only
clay and other materials
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 embedded with
moraines.
55. Consider the following passage :
3. Bhur : Saline efflorescence of
It is an intermediate type of climate between
the drier areas in
the British and the Siberian type of climate. It
has features of both the maritime and the Haryana
continental climates. It has cold, dry winters How many of the pairs given above are
and warm, wet summers. Winter correctly matched?
temperatures may be well blow freezing-point
(a) Only one
and snow falls to quite a depth. Summers are
as warm as the tropics. Though rain falls (b) Only two
throughout the year, there is a distinct (c) All three
summer maximum from the easterly winds
(d) None
from the oceans. In the southern hemisphere,
this climatic type is absent.
Which of the climate is being described in the 58. Consider the following pairs:
passage given above? River Origin Tributary
(a) Tropical Monsoon Climate 1. Ghaghara : Mapchach : Rapti
(b) The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin ungo
climate
(c) The Arctic or Polar Climate : Trimbekse
2. Krishna : Musi
(d) The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin
hwar
Climate
3. Mahanadi : Dandakara : Barakar
56. Nagi and Nakti bird sanctuaries were recently nya
designated as Ramsar sites under the Ramsar How many of the pairs given above are
Convention of 1971. In which of the
correctly matched?
following states are these sanctuaries located?
(a) Only one
(a) Nagaland
(b) Mizoram (b) Only two
(c) Bihar (c) All three
(d) Jharkhand (d) None
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59. Consider the following statements with 62. Consider the following natural phenomena:
reference to the properties of soil: 1. Plate tectonics
1. Alluvial soil is mature and has well- 2. Volcanic activity
developed profiles. 3. River erosion
2. Crystalline and metamorphic rocks like 4. Earthquake
gneisses and quartzite act as parent Which of the above geographical phenomena
play an important role in the formation of
material for the red soil.
“duns” in the Himalayas?
3. Laterite soil is rich in lime and silica.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
Which of the following statements given
(b) 3 and 4 only
above are not correct?
(c) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only 63. Consider the following statements with
(d) 1, 2 and 3 respect to Chotanagpur Plateau:
1. It is one of the oldest landmasses on the
60. Consider the following pairs: Earth containing Precambrian rocks.
Passes States 2. In the past, it was part of the Deccan
1. Bom Di La : Arunachal Pradesh plateau.
2. Jelep La : Sikkim 3. Rajmahal hills forms the southernmost
3. Mana Pass : Himachal Pradesh boundary of it.
4. Shipki La : Uttarakhand Which of the statements given above are
How many of the pairs given above are correct?
correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(a) Only one
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) Only two
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only three
(d) All four
64. Consider the following statements regarding
‘Kayals’:
61. Consider the following statements regarding 1. They are unique features of the Konkan
the Pench National Park: coast.
1. The national park is located in the Satpura 2. Every year the famous Nehru Trophy
hills. Vallamkali (boat race) is held in
2. It has a Pench tiger reserve with the Punnamada Kayal.
highest density of herbivorous. 3. The below-sea-level farming in the
3. It is mostly dominated by deciduous Kayals of Kuttand region are recognised
forest with open canopy. as a Globally Important Agricultural
How many of the above statements are Heritage System (GIAHS).
correct? Which of the following statements given
above are correct?
(a) Only one
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Only two
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) All three
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) None
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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65. Which of the following practices are 68. Consider the following statements with
considered appropriate for soil conservation? respect to the rock system of India:
1. Integrated Pest Management 1. The Vindhya rock system is largely
2. Monocropping devoid of metalliferous minerals
3. Terrace farming 2. The Dravidian Rock system entirely lies
4. Strip cropping in the peninsular plateau.
5. Land Tilling 3. Archean Gneisses and Schist rocks are
Select the correct answer using the code given normally fossiliferous.
below. 4. The Bhangar and Khadar regions of the
(a) 1, 3 and 5 only Great Northern Plains contain significant
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only Tertiary rocks.
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only Which of the statements given above are
(d) 2, 4 and 5 only correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
66. Consider the following statements with (b) 2 and 3 only
respect to polymetallic nodules: (c) 3 and 4 only
1. Polymetallic Nodules are generally (d) 1 and 4 only
located in the shallow water of oceanic
69. This dam is the fourth oldest water-regulator
shelf.
structure in the world and the oldest in India
2. They are formed from the hot springs
that is still in use. It was built by Karikala
associated with volcanic activities.
king of the Chola Dynasty in 150CE. It was
Which of the statements given above is/are
built across the Cauvery River in the
correct?
Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. The above
(a) 1 only
passage describes which of the following
(b) 2 only
dams:
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) Krishna Raja Sagara Dam
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) Idduki Dam
(c) Kallanai Dam
67. With reference to the water on the planet
(d) Mettur Dam
Earth, arrange the following sources of
freshwater in terms of percentage of water in
70. Consider the following statements regarding
increasing order:
the Luni River:
1. Ice caps and glaciers
1. It is saline in nature because of excessive
2. Atmosphere
limestone at its place of origin
3. Groundwater
2. It makes a saline estuary when falls in the
4. Streams and rivers
Gulf of Khambhat
Select the correct answer using the code given
Which of the statements given above is/are
below.
correct?
(a) 2-3-4-1
(a) 1 only
(b) 4-2-3-1
(b) 2 only
(c) 3-4-1-2
(c) 1 and 2 both
(d) 1-3-2-4
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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71. Consider the following statements regarding 74. Consider the following statements with
the soil formation process: reference to ocean currents in the Indian
1. Eluviation is the process of accumulation Ocean:
of materials that have been washed down Statement I: Unlike the Atlantic and Pacific
from the upper layer to the lower horizon. Oceans, the ocean currents in the North
2. Calcification is more pronounced in cool Indian Ocean change their direction of flow
and humid regions where bacterial twice a year.
activity is low. Statement II: The Northern Indian Ocean is
3. In Alkalisation, extreme evaporation largely landlocked and is influenced by the
brings the underground salts to the distinct patterns of monsoonal winds.
surface and left a whitish fluorescent. Which one of the following is correct in
Which of the statements given above is/are respect of the above statements?
correct? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
(a) 1 and 2 only correct and Statement-II is the correct
(b) 2 and 3 only explanation for Statement-I
(c) 3 only
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
(d) 1, 2 and 3 correct and Statement-II is not the correct
explanation for Statement-I
72. Which of the following most appropriately
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
explains the formation of a second tidal bulge
incorrect
on the opposite side of the Earth from the
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II
moon?
is correct
(a) The Earth’s rotation causes the water to
bulge uniformly on both sides
75. Consider the following pairs:
(b) The gravitational pull of the Sun creates
Ocean relief : Description
a second bulge on the opposite side
1. Shoals : Flat-topped elevation
(c) The centrifugal force from the Earth-
with shallow water
Moon system's rotation creates the
second bulge but useful for

(d) Ocean currents in the opposite direction navigable purpose

create a second bulge 2. Guyots : Flat-topped
mountains that do not
Consider the following statements with reach the ocean
73.
reference to changes in oceanic temperature: surface
1. At higher latitudes, enclosed seas are 3. Trenches : Shallow depressions
warmer than the open seas. formed at the
2. The rate of decrease of temperature with convergent
depth in the ocean is greater at the equator boundaries
compared to the pole.
Which of the statements given above is/are How many of the pairs given above are
correct? correctly matched?
(a) 1 only (a) Only one
(b) 2 only (b) Only two
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) All three
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) None

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76. Consider the following pairs: 79. Consider the following forces:
Landforms Agent 1. Earth’s internal heat
1. Drumlins : Glacier 2. Coriolis effect
2. Cliff : Wind 3. Convectional currents in the mantle
: Waves Which of the above forces drive endogenic
3. Spits
Which of the pairs given above is/are movements?

correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only
(a) 1 only
(c) 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
80. "These movements are characterized by slow,
vertical movements of the Earth's crust,
77. Consider the following statements about
affecting regions that can span hundreds to
volcanic landforms:
thousands of kilometers. These movements
1. Dykes are lava in the volcanic fissures exhibit minimal folding of rock layers and are
which are solidified almost parallel to the often related to isostatic adjustments, where
ground. the Earth's crust responds to changes in load,
2. Cinder cone volcanoes are formed by such as glacial melting or sediment
basaltic flow which is less viscous in deposition, by rising or sinking. "
nature. The above passage describes which of the
3. Deccan plateau is an example of fissure following processes?
type basaltic lava flow (a) Mass movement
Select the correct answer using the codes (b) Orogenic movement
given below. (c) Earthquakes
(a) 1 and 3 only (d) Epeirogenic movement

(b) 1, 2 and 3
81. Which one of the following forces is the
(c) 2 only
primary driver of exogenic processes on the
(d) 3 only
Earth's surface?
(a) Convection currents in the Earth's mantle
78. Arrange the following lakes from south to
(b) The primordial heat inside the earth
north:
(c) Solar radiation and atmospheric
1. Lhonak Lake circulation
2. Pampa Lake (d) Radioactive decay in the Earth's interior
3. Vembanad Lake
4. Pangong Lake 82. Which one of the following terms describes
Select the correct answer using the code given the combined effects of weathering, erosion,
below. and deposition on the Earth's surface?
(a) 1-2-3-4 (a) Denudation
(b) 1-3-2-4 (b) Isostasy
(c) 4-1-2-3 (c) Stratification
(d) 3-2-1-4 (d) Lithification

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83. Consider the following statements regarding 85. "It is a dissected plateau formed as a result of
physical and chemical weathering: upward movement in the Earth’s crust. This
1. Physical weathering involves the uplift is caused by the slow collision of the

mechanical breakdown of rocks, while Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates.

It is the largest plateau in the world. This
chemical weathering alters the chemical
plateau is sufficiently high enough to reverse
structure of minerals within the rock.
the Hadley cell convection cycles in the
2. Physical weathering is more prevalent in
atmosphere."
warm, humid climates, whereas chemical
Which of the following plateau is best
weathering occurs rapidly in described by the above passage?
environments with significant
(a) Tibetan Plateau
temperature fluctuations.
(b) Malwa Plateau
Which of the statements given above is/are (c) Deccan plateau
correct? (d) Columbia Plateau
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only 86. Foliation, defined as the planar arrangement
of mineral grains within a rock due to
(c) Both 1 and 2
differential pressure and temperature, is
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
primarily associated with which type of rock?
(a) Plutonic rock
84. Consider the following lists I and II:
(b) Metamorphic rock
Plains (List I) Definition (List II)
(c) Sedimentary rock
A. Peneplains : 1. Formed by
(d) Volcanic rock
sediment deposition
from glacial 87. With reference to continental drift theory,
meltwater consider the following statements:
B. Outwash : 2. Formed by 1. It was proposed by German geophysicist
Plains sediment deposition Alfred Wegener.

in lake beds 2. All continents were once part of a single

3. Low-relief plain supercontinent called Panthalassa.

C. Lacustrine :
Plains by prolonged erosion 3. The interaction of gravity, pole-fleeing
force, and tidal forces contributed to the
over geological time
movement of continents.
Match list I with list II and select the correct
Which of the statements given above are
answer using the code given below.
correct?
(a) A-3, B-2, C-1 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) A-2, B-1, C-3 (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) A-3, B-1, C-2 (d) 1, 2 and 3

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88. Consider the following statements regarding 91. Which of the following best explains
"Planetesimals"?
eclipses:
(a) Planetesimals are large, gaseous bodies
1. A solar eclipse can only occur when the
that orbit the Sun and evolve into stars.
Moon is in its new moon phase.
(b) Planetesimals are small, solid objects
2. A lunar eclipse can only occur when the formed from the condensation of gas and
Moon is in its full moon phase. dust, which later merge to form planets.
Which of the statements given above is/are (c) Planetesimals are small fragments of

correct? comets and asteroids, commonly found in

the asteroid belt.
(a) 1 only
(d) Planetesimals are remnants of stars that
(b) 2 only
have exploded in supernovae, forming
(c) Both 1 and 2 heavy elements.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
92. Consider the following statements regarding
the similarity between Mars and Earth:
89. Which of the following was responsible for
1. Both have strong magnetic fields that
the loss of Earth's primordial atmosphere, protect them from solar radiation.
composed primarily of hydrogen and helium? 2. Both have day lengths that are nearly the
(a) Degassing same.

(b) Photosynthesis 3. Both have a similar axial tilt, which leads

to seasons.
(c) Solar winds
Which of the statements given above are
(d) Oxygen saturation
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
90. Which of the following best describes the (b) 2 and 3 only
"Nebular Hypothesis"? (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) The universe began with a massive
explosion, and galaxies are moving
93. Which of the following correctly identifies
farther apart over time.
the era, period, and epoch in which we are
(b) The planets were formed out of a slowly currently living?
rotating cloud of material surrounding a (a) Mesozoic Era, Jurassic Period,
youthful Sun. Pleistocene Epoch
(b) Cenozoic Era, Quaternary Period,
(c) The Earth and the other planets were
Holocene Epoch
formed directly from the explosion of a
(c) Paleozoic Era, Devonian Period,
star.
Holocene Epoch
(d) The Sun and the planets formed from (d) Cenozoic Era, Tertiary Period, Miocene
particles created after the Big Bang. Epoch
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94. Consider the following statements regarding 97. Consider the following statements regarding
the western and eastern coastal plains: Earth’s core:
1. The short continental shelf on the eastern 1. The inner core is primarily composed of
coast makes it less suitable for the iron and nickel.
development of ports and harbors. 2. The outer core is liquid, and its
2. Western coastal plains are an example of
movement generates Earth’s magnetic
submerged coastal plains.
field.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? 3. The inner core experiences immense
(a) 1 only pressure, keeping it solid despite high
(b) 2 only temperatures.
(c) Both 1 and 2 How many of the above statements are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 correct?
(a) Only one
95. Consider the following statements regarding
(b) Only two
the rotation and revolution of the Earth:
1. If the Earth’s rotation were to slow down, (c) All three
it would result in shorter days and longer (d) None
nights.
2. The axial tilt of the Earth is responsible 98. Consider the following statements regarding
for the variation in seasons throughout Red soil:
the year. 1. They develop in areas of low rainfall.
3. The Coriolis effect is a result of the 2. They retain moisture for a long time
Earth’s revolution around the Sun. compared to black soil.
Which of the statements given above
3. They are generally rich in nitrogen,
are not correct?
phosphorous, and humus.
(a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above
(b) 1 and 3 only
are not correct?
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
96. Consider the following statements: (c) 1 and 3 only
1. During the winter solstice in the Northern (d) None
Hemisphere, the hemisphere is tilted
away from the Sun, resulting in shorter Consider the following statements with
99.
days.
reference to the ocean floors:
2. During the summer solstice in the
1. The continental shelf is the shallowest
Southern Hemisphere, the Sun is directly
over the Tropic of Capricorn. part of the ocean which ends at shelf
3. During the autumnal equinox, the break.
Northern Hemisphere receives direct 2. The deep sea plain are the deepest and
sunlight, causing the longest days of the flattest part of the ocean.
year. Which of the statements given above is/are
How many of the above statements are correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) Only one
(b) 2 only
(b) Only two
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) All three
(d) None (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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100. Consider the following statements with
reference to the Earth’s Interior:
1. The temperature increases linearly with
depth throughout the Earth.
2. Pressure increases from the surface of the
earth towards its core due to enormous
weight of the overlying rock.
3. Density decreases towards the Earth's
center due to increasing temperature.
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

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