Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation Administration

Office of Airworthiness
I TSO-C~_2C I
Washington, D.C. Date 9/12/84

Technical Standard Order

Subject: TSO-C62c, AIRCRAFT TIRES, WITH llDDENDUM I

This addendum incorporates certain changes to the existing TSO.

Helicopter tires were inadvertently omitted from the existing TSO when it
was issued. Also, included are certain oorrections of a ron-substantive
nature. 'nle changes made by this Pddendum do rot effect technical standard
order authorization or design approvals ~eviously issued under T5O-C62c.
Appendix 1 of TSC>-C62c is anended by Pddendum I as follows:

( i) Paragraph 5. 1 is revised to read:

"5. 1 wad rati~. 'lt1e load rating of aircraft tires rust be

established. 'nle apphcaElenarnometer tests in paragraph 6.0 of
Appendix 1 must be performed at the selected rated load."

( ii) Paragraph 6.3 the second sentence is revised to read:

"The curves to be used as a basis for these tests shall be

established in accordance with paragraph [Link]."

(iii) Paragraph 6.3, delete fourth sentence.

( iv) Figure 1 is changed as follows: T2-T1 =3 seconds

maximum.

(v) Figure 2 is revised to add the cperational load curve.

(vi) Add rew paragraph 5.1.1 to read:

"5.1.1 wad Rating'S (Helicopter Tires). Airplane Tires

qualified in accordance with ~ovisions of this standard may also be used
on helicopters. In such case, the maximum static load rating may be
increased by 1.5 without any additional qualification testing."

DISTRIBUTION: ZVS-326;A-W(WS)-3;A-X(FS)-3;A-X(CD)-4;A-FFS-l,2,7,8(LTD);
A-FAC-O(MAX);AVN-l(2 copies)
 TSO-C62c 9/12/84

TSO-C62c, as emended by lddendum I, is set forth in its entirety below.

T5O-C62c with Addendum I, Aircraft Tires

(a) APPlicability.
(1) Minimum Performance Standard. This Technical Standard Order
(TSO) prescribes the min~um performance standard that aircraft tires
excluding tail wheel tires must meet in order to be identified with the
applicable '1'50 marking. This TSO has been prepared in accordance with the
procedural rules set forth in Subpart 0 of the Federal Aviation Regulations
(FAR), Part 21. Tires that are to be so identified and that are
manufactured on or after December 31, 1979 must meet the requirements of
the attached FAA Standard of this TSO titled "Federal Aviation
Administration Standard for Aircraft Tires" dated December 31, 1979, or
Appendix 1 dated September 12, 1984 as amended and supplemented by lddendum I.

(b) Marking. In lieu of the marking requirements of S 21.607(d),

aircraft tires must be legibly and permanently marked at least with the
following:

. (1) Brand name and the name or registered trademark of the

manufacturer responsible for compliance.

(2) Speed rating, load rating, size, skid depth, serial number,
and the manufacturer's part nwnber and plant code.

( 3) Applicable technical standard order (TOO) number.

( c) Data Requirements.

(1) In crldition to FAR S 21.605, the manufacturer rtUst furnish

the Manager, Aircraft Certification Office (1CO) having geographical
purview of the manufacturer's facilities, one copy each of the following
technical data: speed rating, load rating, rated inflation pressure, tire
size, width, outside diameter, mold skid depth, nominal loaded radius at
rated load and inflation pressure, permissible tolerance on the nOminal
loaded radius, the actual loaded radius of the test tire at rated load and
inflation pr-essure, weight, static unbalance of the test tire, \J1eel rim
designation, manufacturer's part number and, for high-speed tires, a load
deflection curve at loads up to 1.5 times load rating and a sumnary of the
load-speed-tirne parameters used in the dynam:>meter tests. As used in this
section, the term "high-speed tire" means a tire tested at a speed greater
than 120 mph.

( 2) The manufacturer rust also furnish the awlicable

maintenance and repair instructions to the regional office identified in
paragraph (c) (1) of this TSO. 'l\1e maintenance data provided by the
manufacturer I1llst include inspection criteria of tires to determine
eligibility for used tires to be continued in service. Recapping
procedures I1llst be included in the maintenance information along with any
special repair methods applicable to the tire and special nondestructive
inspection techniques.

Page 2
 9/12/84 TSO-C62c

(d) Previously Approved Equienent.

(1) Notwithstanding FAR S 21.603(a) and (b) of this part and the
provisions of any specific previous TSO awroval, after December 31, 1984,
no person may identify or mark a tire having a speed rating above 160 mph
with TSO numbers TSO-C62, 'ISO-C62a or TSO-C62b.

(2) Aircraft tires, except for those specified in paragraph

(d ) ( 1) of this section, approved pr ior to December 31, 1979, may oontinue
to be manufactured under the provisions of their original approval.

(e) Availabil i ty of Reference Documents. Federal Aviation

Regulations Part 21, Subpart 0 and Advisory Circular 20-110, "Index of
Aviation Technical Standard Orders," may t:e reviewed at the FAA
Headquarters in the Office of Airworthiness, Aircraft Engineering Division
(AWS-110), and at all ADO's.

[Link].7~~
~ePh A. Pontecorvo
Deputy Director of Airworthiness

Page 3
 9/12/84 TSO-C62c
Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1. FEDERAL AVIATION .ADMINISTRATION STANDARD FOR AIRCRAFT TIRES

D~D SEPTEMBER 12, 1984

1.0 PUEPOse. This document contains minimum performance standards for new
aircraft tires, excluding tailwheel tires that are to be identified as
meeting the standards of TSO-C62c.

2.0 Scope. These minimum performance standards apply to aircraft tires

having speed and load ratings that are established on the basis of the speed
and loads to which the tires have teen tested.

3.0 Material r~irement. Materials must te suitable for the purpose

intended. The sUltablHty of the materials nllst be determined on the basis
of satisfactory service experience or substantiating dynamometer tests.
4.0 Design and construction.

4.1 Unbalance. The ITOment (M) of static LD1balance in inch oonces may
not I::e greater than the value determined using the formula, moment
(M) =0 .025D2 rounded off to the next lower whole number. D = maxinum
outside diameter of the tire in inches.

4.2 Balance marker. A balance marker, consisting of a red cbt, must I::e
affixed on the sidewall of the tire bnmediately above the bead to indicate
the lightweight {:Oint of the tire. The oot nllst remain for any p=riod of
storage plus the original tread life of the tire.

4.3 Overpressure. The tire rust withstand at least 3 seconds a

pressure of at least 4.0 times the rated inflation pressure (as specified in
paragraph 5.2) at ambient temperature.

4.4 Temeerature.

4.4.1 lvnbient. It nllst be substantiated I:y applicable tests or

shown ~ analysis that the physical properties of the tire materials have
not been degraded by ex{:Osure of the tire to the temperature extremes of not
higher than -40 0 F and not lower than +160°F for a period of not less than 24
hours at each extreme.
4.4.2 Wheel rim heat. It must be substantiated I:y the applicable
tests or shown by analysis that the physical ~operties of the tire materials
have not been degraded by exposure of the tire to a wheel bead seat
temperature of not lower than 300°F for at least 1 hour, except that
low-speed tires or nose-wheel tires may be tested or analyzed at the highest
wheel-bead seat temperatures expected to be encountered d'..lring normal
operations.
4.5 Tread design. Changes in materials that affect performance or
changes in number or location of tread ribs and grooves or skid depth
increases, made subsequent to the tire qualification, are major manges and
must be substantiated by dynamometer tests in accordance with paragraph 6.0.

Page 1
TSO-C62c· 9/12/84
Appendix 1

4.6 Slippage. Tires tested in accordance with the dynananeter tests

provided by paragraph 6.0 may not slip on the wheel rim during the first five
dynaroc>meter cycles. Sliwage that subsequently occurs may not damage the
tube, valve, or the air seal of the tire bead of tubeless tire.
4.7 Leakage. After an initial 12-hour miminum stabilization period,
the tire must be capable of retaining air ~essure with a loss of ~essure
not exceeding 5 percent in 24 hours fran the initial pressure equal to the
rated inflation ~essure.
5.0 Ratings.
5.1 wad ratings. The load ratings of aircraft tires IlUst be
established. The applicable dynamometer tests in paragraph 6.0 of Appendix
must be performed at the selected rated load.
5.1 •1 wad Ratings (Helicopter Tires). Airplane Tires qualified in
accordance with provlslons of this standard may also be used on helicopters.
In such case, the maximum static load rating may be increased by 1.5 without
any additional qualification testing.
5.2 Rated inflation ~essure. The rated inflation ~essure lTUSt ~
established at an identlfi ambient temperature on the basis of the rated
load as established under paragraph 5.1.
5.3 waded radius. The loaded radius is defined as the distance fran
the axle centerline to a flat surface for a tire initially inflated to the
rated inflation pressure and then loaded to its rated load against the flat
surface. The oorminal loaded radius, the allowable tolerance on the loaded
radius, and the actual loaded radius for the test tires must be identified.
6.0 I?jnam::meter test rmirements. The tire nay rot fail the applicable
dynamometer testsspeci~d herein or have visible signs of deterioration
other than normal expected tread wear except as ~ovided in paragraph
[Link].
6.1 General. The follCMing cnnditions apply to roth low-speed and
high-speed tires when these tires are SUbjected to the applicable dynamometer
tests:
6.1.1 Tire test load. Unless otherwise specified herein for a
particular test, the tire must be forced against the dynamometer flywheel at
not less than the rated load of the tire during the entire roll distance of
the test.
6.1.2 Test inflation aressure. The test inflation pressure ~ust
be the pressure requlrea at·an 1 entlfled ambient temperature to obtain the
same loaded radius against the flywheel of the dynarrometer as the loaded
radius for a flat surface as defined in paragraph 5.3 of this standard.
Adjustments to the test inflation ~essure may rot be made to compensate for
increases due to temperature rise occuring during the tests.

Page 2
 9/12/84 TSO-C62c
Appendix 1

6.1.3. Test specimen. A single tire specimen ITUSt be used in the

applicable dynamometer test specified herein.

6.2 Low speed tires. Tires operating at ground speeds of 120 mph or
less must withstand 200 landing cycles on a dynamometer at the following test
temperature and kinetic energy and using either test method A or test
method B.

6.2.1 Test temperature. The temperature of the air oontained in

the tire or of the carcass rreasured at the oottest fOint of the tire rust be
not lower thant 105°F at the start of at lease 90 percent of the test cy~les.
For the remaining 10 percent of the test cycles, the oontained air or carcass
temperature ITUSt be no lower than 80°F at the start of each cycle. Rolling
the tire on the flywheel is acceptable for obtaining the mimimum starting
temperature.

6.2.2 Kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the flywheel to be

absorbed ~ the tire ITUSt be calculated as follows:

K.E.=cwv2:162.7W=Kinetic energy in foot fOunds.

where:

C=O.Ol13,
W=Locrl rating of the tire in p::>unds,
V=120 mph.
6.2.3 Test method A - variable mass flywheel. The total number of
dynarrometer landings rust be divided into two equal parts having speed ranges
shown below. If the exact number of flywheel plates cannot be used to obtain
the calculated kinetic energy value or proper flywheel width, a greater
number of plates must be selected and the dynamometer speed c:rljusted to
obtain the required kinetic energy.

[Link] I£M-speed landings. In the first series of 100

landings, the rraximum landing speed is 90 nph and the minimum unlanding speed
is 0 rrph. The landing speed Inlst be crljusted so that 56 percent of the
kinetic energy calculated under paragraph 6.2.2 will be absorbed ~ the tire.
If the crljusted landing speed is calculated to be less than 80 rrph, the
following Inlst be done: The landing speed Inlst be determined ~ crlding 28
percent of the kinetic energy calculated under paragraph 6.2.2 to the
flywheel kinetic energy at 64 rrph, and the unlanding speed determined ~
subtracting 28 percent of the kinetic energy calculated under paragraph 6.2.2
from the flywheel kinetic energy and 64 nph.

[Link] Hi9h~ landings. In the second series of 100

landings, the minimum landing is 120 rrph and the rominal unlanding
speed is 90 rrph. The unlanding speed Inlst be crljusted as necessary so that
44 percent of the kinetic energy calculated under paragraph 6.2.2 will be
absorbed ~ the tire.

Page 3
TSO-C62c 9/12/84
Appendix 1

6.2.4 Test rrethcx:l B - fixed mass fl 1eel. '!he total number of

dynamoMeter landings must divl ed lnto two equa parts having speed ranges
indicated re1ow. Each landing rust Ce rede in a tiJ"le ~riod, T, calculated
so tha t the tire will M!';orh the kinet ic energy determined under paragraph
6.2.2. The time r:eriod Ii\.lSt te calculated using the equation:

KE c

=
J
TC

KEW(UL) -
( KEw(UL) - KEW(LL)
- KEW(LL)
TL(UL) - TL(LL) Tr,v (lJL) - TW(LL)
For the 90 mph to a J"'"lph test, the ~ation rcduoos to:

KE c

TC =

Where:
( ) KEw(UL)

TL(UL)
- ( KEW(ULJ
TW(UL)
)
Tc=Calculated ti~, in seconds, for the tire to absorb the required
kinetic energy.
KEc=Kinetic energy, in food pounds, the tire is required to absorb
during each landing cycle.
KEw=Kinetic energy, in foot pounds, of the flywheel at given speed.
TL=Coast cbwn ti~, in seconds, with rated tire load on flywheel.
Tw=<:oast <bwn time, in seconds, with ro tire load on flywheel.
(UL)=Subscript for upper speed limit.
(LL)=Subscript for lower speed limit.

[Link] Low-speed landings. In the first series of 100

landings, the tire [Link] 00 landec'l against the flywheel with the flywheel
having a peripheral speed of rot less than 90 mph. The flywheel deceleration
must re oonstant from 90 mph to a Mph in the tiTre Tc '

[Link] High-speed landings. In the second series of 100

landings, the tire must be landeo against the flYWheel with the flywheel
having a peripheral speed of rot less than 120 mph. 'The flywheel
deceleration rrust be oonstant from 120 mph to 90 mph in the tirre Tc '

Page 4
 9/12/84 TSO-C62c
Appendix 1

6.3 High-speed tires. Except as provided in the alternate test, tires

operating at ground speeds greater than 120 mph rust be tested 00 a
dynaJ'OCllreter in accordance with paragraph 6.3.3. The curves to be used as a
basis for these tests shall be established in accordance with paragraph
[Link]. The load at the start of the test rust be equal to the rated load
of the tire. Alternate tests involving a landing sequence for tires
operating at ground speeds greater than 120 mph and rot CNer 160 mph are set
forth in paragraph 6.3.4.

6.3.1 Test terrperature. The terrperature of the air oontained in

the tire or of the carcass measured at the hottest point of the tire must rot
be lower than 120°F at the start of at least 90 percent of the test cycles
specified in paragraph [Link] and at least 105°F at the start of the
overload test ([Link]) and of at least 90 percent of the test cycles
specified in paragraphs [Link] and 6.3.4. For the remaining 10 percent of
each group of cycles, the oontained air or carass temperature rust be rot
lower than 80°F at the start of each cycle. Rolling the tire on the
dynam:>m2ter is acceptable for cbtaining the minimum starting temperature.

6.3.2 Pynarrorneter test SQE;eds. flpplicable dynam;:xtEter test speeds

for corresponding maximum ground speeds are as follows:

Minimum
Maximum Ground 5peed Speed Rating of I>jnaJ'OCllreter
of Aircraft, nph Tire nph Speed
Over tbt Over at 52, nph

120 160 160 160

160 190 190 190
190 210 210 210
210 225 225 225
225 235 235 235
235 245 245 245

For ground speeds CNer 245 J11?h, the tire nust be tested to
the rraximum appl icable load-speed-time requirements and appropriately
identified with the proper speed rating.

Page 5
TSO-C62c . 9/12/84
Appendix 1

6.3.3 Dynarrorroter--9::1es. The test tir;-J Jnust withstand 50 takeoff

cycles, 1 overload takeoff cycle, and 10 taxi cyclGS described relow. The
sequence of the cycles is optional.

[Link] Symbol definitions. The nu~rical values which are

used for the following symbols must b= determined froM the applicahle
aiq)lane load-speed-tirne data:

I.o=Tire load at start of takeoff, pounds (not less than rated load).
Ll=Tire load at rotation, pounds.
L2=Zero tire load (liftoff).
RD=Roll distance, feet.
So=Zero tire speed.
Sl=Tire speed at rotation, mph.
S2=Tire speed at liftoff, mph (not less than speed rating).
TO=Start of takeoff.
T1=Time to rotation, seconds.
T2=Tirne to liftoff, seconds.

6. 3. 3. 2 Takeof f cycles. For these cycles the loads, speed ,

and distance JT1Ust oonfoITI to either Figure 1 or Figure 2. Figure 1 defines a
test cycle that ic; generally applicable to any aircraft. If Figure 2 is used
to define the test cycle, the loads, speeds, and distance TTUSt re selected
based on the most critical takeoff conditions established by the applicant.

[Link] OVerload takeoff cycle. The cycle must duplicate

the takeoff cycles specified under paragraph [Link] except ~hat the tire
load through the cycle must te increasGd by a factor of at least 1. 5. Upon
completion of the overload takeoff cycle, the tire ~t be capable of
retaining air pressure wi~h the loss of pressure not exceeding 10 percent in
24 hours from the initial test pressure. C<Kd condition of the tire tread is
not required.

[Link] Taxi cycles. The tire ~t withstand at least 10

taxi cycles on a dyn~ter under the following test conditions:

NUIi1ber of Test Minirrurn Tire Minimum Minimum Roll

Cycles IDad, lbs. Speed, mph Distance, ft.

R Rate load ••• 40 35,000

2 1. 2 t iJ"1CS 40 35,000
rated load.

Page 6
 ')/12/84 TSO-C62c
Appendix 1

6.3.4 Alternate dynamometer tests. For tires with a speed rating

of 160 nph, test cycles \lVhich simulate landing rray te used in lieu of the
takeoff cycles specified in paragraph [Link] and [Link]. The tire must
withstand 100 test cycles at rated load in accordance with paragraph [Link]
followed by 100 test cycle at rated load in accordance with paragraph
[Link].

[Link] LcM-speed landings. In the first series of 100

landings, the test procedures for low-speed landings established under
paragraphs 6.2.3 or 6.2.4, as appropriate, must be follONed.

[Link] High-speed landings. In the second series of 100

landings, the test procedures for low-speed landings established under
paragraph 6.2.3 or 6.2.4, as appropriate, must te follONed, except that the
tire must be landed against the flywheel rotating at a speed of 160 rrph with
the rated load appl ied for the duration of the test. nte unlanding speed
must be ~justed as necessary in order that 44 percent of the kinetic energy,
as calculated in paragraph 6.2.2, is absorbed by the tire during the series
of tests.

7.0 R;9ualification tests. Requalification in accordance with paragraph 6.0

of a gIven load rated tire required as a result of a tread design or rraterial
change will automatically qualify the same changes in a lesser load rated
tire of the same size, speed rating, and skid depth ~ovided-

7. 1 The lesser load rated tire has been qualified to the applicable
requirements specified in this standard; and

7.2 The ratio of qualifications testing load to rated load for the
lesser load rated tire does not exceed the same ratio for the higher load
rated tire at any given test condition.

Page 7
 'lj
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Figure 1 "0 0
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Graphic Reprllllllbdion of a IDversaI IJNII-Speed-T... Test Cycle f-'. N

:< n
......

le~--,
rated load Test load
•
A-- 'St
I
.j I , LX
--...L--s
I 1 ~

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Test Load at L.o must be equal to or
greater than rated load of tire, Test
Speed at S2 must be equal to or
greater than rated speed of tire, I
I
La' V I l ISo
~
.......
......
Time in Seconca T, T2 N
.......

Feet~
<Xl
.s:--
RD = 11,500
T2 - T 1 = 3 Second~ Maximum
 Fign2 1.0
........
.......
Gnphic . . . .tBtilli of. Rational .....-spe....TIII8 Test Cy. N
........
ex>
.p.

Sz
LoJ ,
it' ------ ---
L~ 1a_ , ~-I--1S,
.,
L~~ L' I
~
--
" I I
-~
I
~
L,_I_
- - - -S --~ I f
I --------~
=c=
~.

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r- ,
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~

~perationa=
0
I»
~e:,~ I
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5" I '\6
takeoff conditions
(l' ) for I
en
'1:1
m
m

I I
CL
-0
0

I
c: 5·
:J
CL
CIt Test Load at Lo must be equal to or ~
greater than rated load of tire. Test ~
I Speed at Sz must be equal to or
greater than rated speed of tire. I I
I Test Load (l) at any Speed (S) must I I
be equal to or greater than Operational
'"d
III
(JQ
ro I Load (L:) x ~
L1
0
I >1-3
'"den
'"d 0
ro I

I
::3 (")
Q.()'\
1.0 ...· N
Lz SO >< ()
To T1 Tz .......
Time in Seconds
RD